CN113695845A - Method for machining floating ring of main drive bearing of tunneling machine - Google Patents
Method for machining floating ring of main drive bearing of tunneling machine Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for processing a floating ring of a main drive bearing of a heading machine, which comprises the following steps: firstly, rough turning in a special shape, roughly turning the size and the shape of the reversible deformation of the floating ferrule according to the accumulated expansion and contraction and deformation experience of the floating ferrule and subsequent machining allowance, wherein the floating ferrule after rough turning is in a special shape which is warped towards the direction deviating from the end face to be quenched; secondly, quenching the end face; thirdly, heat treatment inspection; fourthly, finish turning; fifthly, grinding; and sixthly, final inspection. The invention takes the deformation rule as experience data and combines with subsequent machining allowance, carries out special-shaped rough turning on the workpiece in advance, and roughly turns out the reversible deformation size and shape of the floating ferrule, so that the shape and size of the floating ferrule just reach an ideal state after the floating ferrule is deformed by heat treatment, thereby not only reducing the thickness and the outer diameter size of the workpiece, but also reducing the machining allowance of the raceway surface, ensuring the hardness of the raceway and the depth of a hardening layer and avoiding the scrapping of the workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing ring processing, in particular to a method for processing a floating ring of a main drive bearing of a heading machine.
Background
The main drive bearing of the large-scale tunneling machine is a key part of the large-scale tunneling machine and bears the combined action of axial force, radial force and overturning moment during working; especially for hard rock geological working conditions, the construction conditions are complex, and the main driving bearing bears larger impact load during working, so that the main driving bearing of the large-scale tunneling machine is required to have high reliability.
For example, the shield machine main bearing and the outer ring thereof disclosed in the chinese patent application with application publication No. CN111749981A include a split outer ring body and a ferrule raceway, one end face of the ferrule raceway is a raceway surface which is in fit contact with a roller of the main bearing, and a buffer device is arranged between the other end face and the outer ring body.
For the heat treatment mode of the roller path of the main bearing ring of the shield machine, the Chinese patent application with the application publication number of CN107746948A discloses a quenching method of the roller path of the main bearing ring of the shield machine, the quenching method is simplified, five-surface one-time quenching of the main bearing ring of the shield machine is changed into three-time quenching, the universality of an inductor is improved, an operator can observe an induction coupling gap conveniently, and the uniformity of a quenching hardened layer of the roller path surface is improved.
However, the quenching method aims at the inner ring of the bearing instead of the floating ring, and for the main driving bearing of the large-sized tunneling machine, the diameter size is larger, generally 5-6 m, and the thickness of the floating ring is thinner, as shown in fig. 1, the finished product of the floating ring has the outer diameter size D of phi 5670mm, the finished product has the inner diameter size D of phi 5470mm, and the finished product has the thickness c of 35 mm. The floating ferrule is provided with a first end face 1 and a second end face 2, wherein the first end face 1 is a roller path, the depth t of a hardening layer is more than or equal to 8mm, and the hardness is required to be 58-62 HRC. According to the past processing experience, as shown in fig. 2, since the floating ferrule is quenched only at the first end surface 1, the floating ferrule is warped toward the first end surface 1 after heat treatment by the conventional process method, and the warping amount e is212mm, and the contraction amount e of the inner and outer diameters13mm, which is an unavoidable problem faced at present.
On the basis, during subsequent processing, the surface of the hardening layer still needs to be processed into a plane, so that the processing amount of the roller path is increased, the local hardening layer is processed more, the whole thickness of the hardening layer is not uniform, the hardness and the depth of the hardening layer are insufficient, and even the workpiece is scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for processing a floating ring of a main drive bearing of a heading machine, which aims to solve the problems that the floating ring is easy to deform in the conventional processing method, so that the processing amount of a raceway is increased, the hardness and the depth of a hardening layer are insufficient, and even a workpiece is scrapped.
In order to achieve the purpose, the processing method of the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for processing a floating ring of a main drive bearing of a heading machine comprises the following steps:
firstly, rough turning in a special shape, roughly turning the size and the shape of the reversible deformation of the floating ferrule according to the accumulated expansion and contraction and deformation experience of the floating ferrule and subsequent machining allowance, wherein the floating ferrule after rough turning is in a special shape which is warped towards the direction deviating from the end face to be quenched;
secondly, quenching the end face of the floating ferrule to be quenched to obtain a quenched layer with certain thickness and hardness;
thirdly, heat treatment inspection is carried out, and the depth, hardness and cracks of the hardened layer of the floating ferrule after heat treatment are inspected;
fourthly, finish turning the floating ferrule, finish turning two end faces and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the floating ferrule, and reserving grinding allowance;
fifthly, grinding the floating ferrule, and grinding two end faces of the floating ferrule to ensure the flatness and the parallel difference of the two end faces;
and sixthly, final inspection, namely inspecting the size and the shape of the finished floating ferrule, and the depth, the hardness and the cracks of the hardened layer.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the floating ferrule inevitably deforms in the heat treatment process and generates buckling deformation towards the end face of one side with the hardening layer, so that the machining method of the invention uses the deformation rule as empirical data and combines with the subsequent machining allowance to perform special-shaped rough turning on the workpiece in advance to roughly turn out the reverse deformation size and shape of the floating ferrule, namely the rough-turned floating ferrule presents a special-shaped shape which warps towards the direction deviating from the end face to be quenched, thus when the floating ferrule deforms in the heat treatment process, the shape and the size of the floating ferrule just reach the ideal state, and then the floating ferrule is subjected to finish turning and grinding. Therefore, the thickness and the outer diameter of the workpiece can be reduced, the material cost is reduced, the processing and the manufacturing are convenient, the processing allowance of the raceway surface can be reduced, the hardness of the raceway and the depth of a hardening layer are ensured, and the workpiece is prevented from being scrapped.
Further, end face quenching is carried out on the floating ferrule in an induction quenching mode, before the end face quenching, an inductor is manufactured according to the shape and the size of the floating ferrule after rough turning, and the parallel state of the inductor and the end face of the floating ferrule to be quenched is ensured; when the end face quenching is carried out, the floating ferrule is fixed on induction quenching equipment.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the induction quenching mode is convenient to operate and has good quenching effect.
Further, the end face to be quenched is subjected to medium frequency induction quenching, the quenching frequency is 2000 +/-100 HZ, the quenching heating temperature is 900 +/-10 ℃, the concentration of quenching liquid is 10-15% PAG, the coupling gap is 1.5 +/-0.2 mm, and the scanning speed is 118 mm/min.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the quenching quality is ensured, and a hardened layer with set thickness and hardness is obtained.
Further, after end face quenching and before heat treatment inspection, the floating ferrule after end face quenching is subjected to tempering stabilization treatment.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: can reduce the internal stress of surface quenching, refine crystal grains and improve the stability of size and shape.
Further, tempering temperature is 180 +/-5 ℃, and air cooling is carried out after the heat preservation time is 5 hours.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the tempering quality is ensured.
Furthermore, during heat treatment inspection, a hardened layer detector is used for inspecting the depth and the hardness of a hardened layer, and magnetic powder inspection is used for inspecting cracks.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the depth, hardness and cracks of the hardening layer can be conveniently detected.
Further, when the floating ferrule is finish-turned, the two end faces of the floating ferrule are processed as references.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the processing is convenient, and the processing precision is ensured.
Further, when the floating ferrule is ground, the two end surfaces of the floating ferrule are machined with reference to each other.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the processing is convenient, and the processing precision is ensured.
Furthermore, the outer diameter D of the finished product of the floating ferrule is phi 5670mm, the inner diameter D of the finished product is phi 5470mm, the thickness c of the finished product is 35mm, the depth t of the hardened layer is more than or equal to 8mm, the hardness of the hardened layer is 58-62 HRC, and the hardness difference is less than or equal to 2 HRC; amount of warpage e after heat treatment according to conventional process212mm, inner and outer diameter shrinkage e13mm, and determining the rough turning outer diameter dimension D of the special-shaped rough turning floating ferrule by combining the subsequent machining allowance0Phi 5680mm, rough turning the inner diameter dimension d0Phi 5472mm, rough turning thickness c0Is 37 mm.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the size parameter setting combines the warpage amount, the shrinkage amount and the machining allowance, the machining precision of the workpiece can be guaranteed, and the machining and the manufacturing are convenient.
Further, after heat treatment, the depth of a hardening layer of the floating ferrule is 9.4mm, and the hardness is 59-60 HRC; after the floating ferrule is finely turned, the thickness of the floating ferrule is 35.4 mm.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the depth and the hardness of the hardened layer after heat treatment can meet the processing and using requirements, and the thickness of the floating ferrule after finish turning can meet the subsequent grinding requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art floating ferrule;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the deformation behavior of the floating collar of FIG. 1 after heat treatment (in the figure, the dotted line indicates the shape before heat treatment, and the solid line indicates the shape after heat treatment);
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece after special-shaped rough turning in the method for machining the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine.
In the figure: 1-a first end face; 2-a second end face; a-end face to be quenched; d, the outer diameter of the finished product is measured; d-the inner diameter of the finished product; c-thickness of finished product; t-depth of hardening layer; e.g. of the type1-the amount of shrinkage; e.g. of the type2-amount of warping; d0-rough turning the outer diameter dimension; d0-rough turning the inner diameter size; c. C0Rough lathing thickness.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The embodiment of the method for processing the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine comprises the following steps:
as shown in figure 1, the floating ring of the main driving bearing of the tunneling machine is made of 42CrMo, the outer diameter D of a finished product is phi 5670mm, the inner diameter D of the finished product is phi 5470mm, the thickness c of the finished product is 35mm, the first end face 1 is a raceway surface, the depth t of a hardening layer is required to be more than or equal to 8mm, the hardness of the hardening layer is 58-62 HRC, and the hardness difference is less than or equal to 2 HRC.
The method for processing the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (5) carrying out special-shaped rough turning. As shown in FIG. 2, the conventional process method shows the warpage amount e after heat treatment according to the past processing experience212mm, inner and outer diameter shrinkage e13mm, the dotted line is the shape before heat treatment, the solid line is the shape after heat treatment, therefore, according to the accumulated expansion and contraction of the floating ferrule, the deformation amount experience and the subsequent machining allowance, the reverse deformation size and the shape of the floating ferrule are roughly lathed, namely, as shown in figure 3, the floating ferrule after rough lathing presents a special-shaped shape which is warped towards the direction departing from the end surface A to be quenched, and the warping amount is still according to e2Rough turning outer diameter D of special-shaped rough turning rear floating ferrule0Phi 5680mm, rough turning the inner diameter dimension d0Phi 5472mm, rough turning thickness c0Is 37 mm.
Step 2: and manufacturing the inductor. Manufacturing an inductor according to the shape and the size of the rough-turned floating ferrule, and ensuring that the inductor is parallel to the end surface A to be quenched of the floating ferrule.
And step 3: and (5) end face quenching. Quenching the end face A to be quenched of the floating ferrule by adopting an induction quenching mode, fixing the floating ferrule on induction quenching equipment, and performing medium-frequency induction quenching on the end face A to be quenched, wherein the quenching frequency is 2000 +/-100 HZ, the quenching heating temperature is 900 +/-10 ℃, the concentration of quenching liquid is 10-15% PAG, the coupling gap is 1.5 +/-0.2 mm, and the scanning speed is 118mm/min, so that a quenched layer with certain thickness and hardness is obtained.
And 4, step 4: and (4) tempering and stabilizing. In order to reduce the internal stress of surface quenching, refine crystal grains and improve the stability of size and shape, the floating ferrule after surface quenching is subjected to tempering stabilization treatment at the tempering temperature of 180 +/-5 ℃ and is subjected to air cooling after the heat preservation time of 5 hours.
And 5: and (6) heat treatment inspection. And (3) inspecting the depth, hardness and cracks of the hardened layer after the floating ferrule is subjected to heat treatment, wherein the cracks can be inspected by magnetic powder inspection, the depth and hardness of the hardened layer are inspected by a hardened layer detector, the depth of the hardened layer is 9.4mm, and the hardness is 59-60 HRC.
Step 6: and finely turning the floating ferrule. And (3) precisely turning the two end faces and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the floating ferrule by using the two end faces of the floating ferrule as references, wherein the thickness of the finish turning is 35.4mm, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the finish turning are adjusted to the size of a finished product, and grinding allowance is reserved.
And 7: and grinding the floating ferrule. And grinding the two end surfaces of the floating ferrule by using the two end surfaces of the floating ferrule as references, wherein the grinding thickness is up to the size of a finished product, and the flatness and the parallel difference of the two end surfaces are ensured.
And 8: and (5) final inspection. And (4) checking that the size and the shape of the finished floating ferrule, the depth, the hardness, the cracks and other parameters of the hardening layer meet the design requirements.
The machining method of the invention considers that the floating ferrule inevitably generates deformation in the heat treatment process and generates buckling deformation towards the direction of the end face of one side with the hardening layer, so the invention uses the deformation rule as experience data and combines with subsequent machining allowance to carry out special-shaped rough turning on a workpiece in advance to roughly turn out the reversible deformation size and shape of the floating ferrule, namely the floating ferrule after rough turning presents the special-shaped shape which warps towards the direction deviating from the end face to be quenched, thus the shape and the size of the floating ferrule just reach the ideal state after the heat treatment deformation of the floating ferrule, and then the floating ferrule is subjected to finish turning and grinding. Therefore, the thickness and the outer diameter of the workpiece can be reduced, the material cost is reduced, the processing and the manufacturing are convenient, the processing allowance of the raceway surface can be reduced, the hardness of the raceway and the depth of a hardening layer are ensured, and the workpiece is prevented from being scrapped.
In other embodiments of the method for processing the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine, the finished outer diameter, the finished inner diameter, the finished thickness, the depth of the hardened layer and the hardness of the hardened layer of the floating ring can be designed according to the actual requirements of the main drive bearing of the heading machine, so that the depth and the hardness of the hardened layer of the floating ring after heat treatment, the thickness of the floating ring after finish turning, the rough turning outer diameter, the rough turning inner diameter and the rough turning thickness of the floating ring after special-shaped rough turning can be other reasonable numerical values according to the specific structure size, the specific warping amount and the specific shrinkage amount of the floating ring.
In other embodiments of the method for machining the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine, one end face can be used as a reference surface when the floating ring is finely turned and ground.
In other embodiments of the method for machining the floating ring of the main driving bearing of the heading machine, other existing detectors or crack detection modes can be used for inspection during heat treatment inspection.
In other embodiments of the method for processing the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine, the tempering temperature and the heat preservation time can be set according to actual needs.
In other embodiments of the method for processing the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine, tempering is not required after end face quenching.
In other embodiments of the method for machining the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine, parameters of medium-frequency induction quenching can be set according to actual requirements.
In other embodiments of the method for processing the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine, the end face quenching mode may not be induction quenching, and for example, the end face of the floating ring can be directly heated by a fire gun.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and all structural changes that can be made by using the contents of the description and the drawings of the present invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for processing a floating ring of a main drive bearing of a heading machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, rough turning in a special shape, roughly turning the size and the shape of the reversible deformation of the floating ferrule according to the accumulated expansion and contraction and deformation experience of the floating ferrule and subsequent machining allowance, wherein the floating ferrule after rough turning is in a special shape which is warped towards the direction deviating from the end face to be quenched;
secondly, quenching the end face of the floating ferrule to be quenched to obtain a quenched layer with certain thickness and hardness;
thirdly, heat treatment inspection is carried out, and the depth, hardness and cracks of the hardened layer of the floating ferrule after heat treatment are inspected;
fourthly, finish turning the floating ferrule, finish turning two end faces and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the floating ferrule, and reserving grinding allowance;
fifthly, grinding the floating ferrule, and grinding two end faces of the floating ferrule to ensure the flatness and the parallel difference of the two end faces;
and sixthly, final inspection, namely inspecting the size and the shape of the finished floating ferrule, and the depth, the hardness and the cracks of the hardened layer.
2. The method for processing the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein the floating ring is subjected to end face quenching in an induction quenching mode, and before the end face quenching, an inductor is manufactured according to the shape and the size of the floating ring after rough turning, so that the inductor and the end face of the floating ring to be quenched are in a parallel state; when the end face quenching is carried out, the floating ferrule is fixed on induction quenching equipment.
3. The processing method of the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the end face to be quenched is subjected to medium frequency induction quenching, the quenching frequency is 2000 +/-100 HZ, the quenching heating temperature is 900 +/-10 ℃, the concentration of the quenching liquid is 10-15% PAG, the coupling gap is 1.5 +/-0.2 mm, and the scanning speed is 118 mm/min.
4. The method for machining the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the floating ring after end face quenching is subjected to tempering stabilization treatment after end face quenching and before heat treatment inspection.
5. The method for processing the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine according to claim 4, wherein the tempering temperature is 180 +/-5 ℃, and the air cooling is carried out after the heat preservation time is 5 hours.
6. The method for machining the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the tunneling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein during heat treatment inspection, a hardened layer detector is used for inspecting the depth and hardness of a hardened layer, and magnetic powder inspection is used for inspecting cracks.
7. The method of processing the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the floating ring is processed with both end surfaces of the floating ring as a reference when finish turning the floating ring.
8. The method of machining a floating ring of a main drive bearing of a boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the floating ring is ground by machining both end faces of the floating ring with reference to each other.
9. The method for processing the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the tunneling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the outer diameter D of the finished floating ring is phi 5670mm, the inner diameter D of the finished floating ring is phi 5470mm, the thickness c of the finished floating ring is 35mm, the depth t of the hardened layer is not less than 8mm, and the hardness of the hardened layer58-62 HRC, and the hardness difference is less than or equal to 2 HRC; amount of warpage e after heat treatment according to conventional process212mm, inner and outer diameter shrinkage e13mm, and determining the rough turning outer diameter dimension D of the special-shaped rough turning floating ferrule by combining the subsequent machining allowance0Phi 5680mm, rough turning the inner diameter dimension d0Phi 5472mm, rough turning thickness c0Is 37 mm.
10. The processing method of the floating ring of the main drive bearing of the heading machine according to claim 9, wherein the depth of the hardened layer of the floating ring after heat treatment is 9.4mm, and the hardness is 59-60 HRC; after the floating ferrule is finely turned, the thickness of the floating ferrule is 35.4 mm.
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| CN114749878A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-07-15 | 大连冶金轴承股份有限公司 | Bearing outer ring machining method |
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