CN113634947A - Composite brazing filler metal for hard alloy brazing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite brazing filler metal for hard alloy brazing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113634947A CN113634947A CN202110982570.5A CN202110982570A CN113634947A CN 113634947 A CN113634947 A CN 113634947A CN 202110982570 A CN202110982570 A CN 202110982570A CN 113634947 A CN113634947 A CN 113634947A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of brazing filler metal, and particularly relates to a composite brazing filler metal for hard alloy brazing and a preparation method thereof. The composite solder comprises: a stress buffer layer; the flow resisting agent layers are arranged on the surfaces of the two sides of the stress buffer layer; the flow resisting agent layer divides the surface of the corresponding stress buffer layer into more than two different areas; the through hole is formed in the region on the stress buffer layer; and the brazing alloy layers are filled in the areas and the through holes on the surfaces of the two sides of the stress buffer layer, and the brazing alloys on the surfaces of the two sides of the stress buffer layer are connected into a whole through the brazing alloy filled in the corresponding through holes. The composite brazing filler metal for brazing the hard alloy can improve the impact resistance and the shear strength of an integral hard alloy tool, improve the bonding strength between a brazing alloy layer and a stress buffer layer and avoid the tearing of the brazing alloy layer and the stress buffer layer in the using process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of brazing filler metal, and particularly relates to a composite brazing filler metal for hard alloy brazing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The hard alloy cutter is widely applied to the fields of rail transit, oil drilling, geological exploration and the like, and is mainly formed by brazing the hard alloy and a steel base cutter body, the cutter is made of different materials and is connected, the brazing surface of the cutter is large, the thermal expansion coefficients of the hard alloy and the steel base body are greatly different, for example, the linear expansion coefficient of WC-Co alloy is (4-6) multiplied by 10-6/° C, whereas the linear expansion coefficient of ordinary steel is about 12X 10-6and/DEG C, in the cooling process after welding, the shrinkage of the steel matrix is larger than that of the hard alloy, and great stress is generated between the brazing filler metal in the brazing seam and the hard alloy and the matrix material on the two sides. The formed internal stress in the brazing seam affects the performance of the hard alloy and the base material, reduces the strength of the brazing seam, leads to the cracking of the brazing seam in severe cases, and shortens the service life of the hard alloy.
At present, on the basis of considering the bonding strength between a solder alloy layer and a stress buffer layer, further research on how to further relieve the brazing stress and improve the impact resistance and the shear strength of the whole hard alloy tool is still needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite solder for hard alloy brazing, which further improves the shear strength of a joint on the basis of ensuring the bonding strength between a solder alloy layer and a stress buffer layer.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the composite solder for hard alloy brazing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the composite solder for hard alloy brazing is as follows:
a composite filler metal for hard alloy brazing, comprising:
a stress buffer layer; the buffer is used for buffering the brazing stress;
the flow resisting agent layers are arranged on the two side surfaces of the stress buffer layer and divide the corresponding surface of the stress buffer layer into more than two different areas;
the through hole is formed in the region on the stress buffer layer;
and the brazing alloy layers are filled in the areas and the through holes on the surfaces of the two sides of the stress buffer layer, and the brazing alloys on the surfaces of the two sides of the stress buffer layer are connected into a whole through the brazing alloy filled in the corresponding through holes.
The composite brazing filler metal for brazing the hard alloy is characterized in that the brazing filler metal alloy is distributed in different areas by utilizing the flow resisting agent layer, the brazing filler metal is not wet at the position of the flow resisting agent layer during brazing, a discontinuous gap is formed at a brazing seam, a stress line is cut off, brazing stress is further relieved, and the impact resistance and the shear strength of the whole hard alloy tool are improved. In addition, through opening the through hole on the stress buffer layer and filling the solder alloy in the through hole, the solder alloy at two sides of the stress buffer layer can be connected with each other to better wrap the stress buffer layer, so that the bonding strength between the solder alloy layer and the stress buffer layer is improved, and the solder alloy layer and the stress buffer layer are prevented from being torn in the using process.
During welding, the flow resisting agent layer prevents the solder alloys in different areas from converging together. Preferably, the flow resisting agent layers are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the stress buffer layer, the surface of the corresponding stress buffer layer is divided into more than two different regions, and the regions are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the stress buffer layer. Further preferably, the spaces are arranged in parallel spaced arrangement.
Preferably, the shape of the flow resisting agent layer is a straight line, and two ends of the straight line respectively extend to two sides of the stress buffer layer in the width direction.
Preferably, the flow inhibitor layers are symmetrically arranged on the two side surfaces of the stress buffer layer.
The flow resisting agent layer can ensure the welding strength on the premise of cutting off stress lines, and preferably, the width of the flow resisting agent layer is 0.05-1 mm.
Preferably, the number of the through holes is multiple, and the through holes are arranged in the area in an array mode. More preferably, the diameter of the through hole is 0.5-1 mm. The hole center distance can be set to be 1-5 mm.
Preferably, the stress buffer layer is selected from one of copper, copper alloy, carbon steel, stainless steel and nickel alloy.
The technical scheme of the preparation method of the composite solder for hard alloy brazing is as follows:
the preparation method of the composite brazing filler metal for hard alloy brazing comprises the following steps: and arranging a flow resisting agent layer and a through hole on the stress buffer layer, and then carrying out hot dip plating in the brazing alloy melt.
The preparation method of the composite brazing filler metal for hard alloy brazing is simple and convenient to operate, good in stability and low in cost, and is suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of relative positions of a via hole and a flow inhibitor layer on a stress buffer layer in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite filler metal of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a distribution of a layer of a resistive material on a stress buffer layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows another distribution of the current blocking agent layer on the stress buffer layer;
FIG. 5 is a relative position diagram of a through hole and a flow inhibitor layer on the composite brazing sheet formed by slitting;
wherein, the material comprises 1-a stress buffer layer, 2-a flow resisting agent layer, 3-a solder alloy layer and 4-through holes.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
First, specific examples of the composite brazing filler metal for brazing cemented carbide of the present invention
Example 1
The composite brazing filler metal for hard alloy brazing in the embodiment has a structure schematic diagram as shown in fig. 1 to 2, and includes a strip-shaped stress buffer layer 1, a brazing filler metal alloy layer 2, and a flow inhibitor layer 3.
The strip-shaped stress buffer layer is generally made of metal materials, the linear expansion coefficient of the strip-shaped stress buffer layer is positioned between hard alloy and steel needing brazing connection, and copper, copper alloy, carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel alloy and the like can be selected. The thickness of the strip-shaped stress buffer layer is generally 0.2-0.5 mm.
The flow resisting agent layers 2 are arranged on the surfaces of the two sides of the strip-shaped stress buffer layer, the flow resisting agent layers 2 divide the surface of the corresponding stress buffer layer into a plurality of areas, and solder alloys are filled in the areas. These regions are spaced apart along the length of the stress buffer layer. May be a square area, a triangular area, a trapezoidal area, or other shaped area.
The flow resisting agent layers 2 are arranged in parallel at intervals along the length direction of the stress buffer layer, the flow resisting agent layers 2 are straight lines, and two ends of each straight line extend to two side edges of the stress buffer layer in the width direction. The through holes between the flow resisting agent layers 2 are arranged in an array mode, and the diameter of each through hole is 0.5-1 mm. The distance between the centers of the holes is 1-5 mm. The flow resisting agent layers 2 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the stress buffer layer. In other implementation cases, the flow inhibitor layer may be a continuously arranged zigzag, and the zigzag folding angles are alternately distributed on both sides of the stress buffer layer in the width direction, so as to divide the surface of the stress buffer layer into triangular regions (fig. 3) in which regular triangles and inverted triangles are alternately arranged; or the flow resisting agent layers are arranged in parallel at intervals along the length direction of the stress buffer layer by taking the splay shape as a repeating unit, and the surface of the stress buffer layer is divided into trapezoidal areas with regular trapezoids and inverted trapezoids alternately arranged (figure 4).
A plurality of through holes 4 are formed in the area, formed by corresponding to the separation of the flow resisting agent layer, of the strip-shaped stress buffer layer, and the through holes 4 are arranged in an array. Filling brazing alloy in areas and through holes formed by separating the flow resisting agent layers on the surfaces of the two sides of the strip-shaped stress buffer layer to form a brazing alloy layer penetrating through the stress buffer layer, wherein the brazing alloy layer comprises a first brazing alloy part, a second brazing alloy part and a connecting brazing alloy part, the first brazing alloy part and the second brazing alloy part are compounded on the surfaces of the two sides of the stress buffer layer respectively, and the connecting brazing alloy part is filled in the corresponding through holes and connects the first brazing alloy part and the second brazing alloy part together. The first brazing filler metal alloy part and the second brazing filler metal alloy part are connected with the flow resisting agent layers on the surfaces of the corresponding stress buffer layers to complete covering of the corresponding side surfaces.
The width A of the first brazing filler metal alloy part is generally 10-50mm, such as 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mm; greater than 50mm will produce greater residual stress; the width B of the flow resisting agent layer is 0.05-1mm, such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1mm, and the width design should ensure the welding strength on the premise of cutting off the stress line.
In FIG. 2, the thicknesses of the first brazing filler metal alloy part and the second brazing filler metal alloy part are t1、t1', the thickness of the stress buffer layer is t2General design of
Wherein t is1、t1The numerical values of' may be equal or different.
The solder alloy used for the solder alloy layer is copper-based solder or silver-based solder. For example, it may be one or more of BCu93P, BCu91PAg, BCu89PAg, BCu58ZnMn, BAg49ZnCuMnNi, BAg49ZnCuNi, BAg45 CuZnSn.
The flow resisting agent layer is a metal oxide type flow resisting agent, mainly comprises metal oxide and a binder, and is formed by coating and drying commercially available paste commodities. The metal oxide may comprise one or more of alumina, zirconia, magnesia, chromia, titania.
Second, specific examples of the method for preparing the composite brazing filler metal for brazing cemented carbide of the present invention
The composite brazing filler metal for brazing cemented carbide of example 1 can be prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, punching a banded stress buffer layer, polishing with abrasive paper to remove burrs around the holes, and carrying out alkali washing and acid washing on the banded stress buffer material to remove oil stains and oxide skins on the surface;
preferably, the alkaline cleaning solution used in the alkaline cleaning comprises: 25-30 g/L of sodium hydroxide, 40-50 g/L of sodium carbonate and 55-60 g/L of phosphoric acid solution;
preferably, the pickling solution used in the pickling is a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 20%;
secondly, washing the acid-washed/alkali-washed buffer stress material with water, washing with alcohol and drying to obtain a dry clean surface;
thirdly, passing the buffer material layer through a flow resisting agent coating device to obtain a strip-shaped buffer material with a discontinuous flow resisting agent layer;
fourthly, feeding the buffer material into an online heating device for preheating;
preferably, the hot dip coating is carried out after the strip-shaped stress buffering material is preheated on line, and the preheating temperature is 400-600 ℃;
fifthly, wrapping the stress buffer material on the brazing filler metal alloy layer in a hot dip plating mode, and filling the stress buffer material in the through hole to obtain the composite brazing filler metal;
preferably, the hot dip coating comprises placing the strip-shaped buffer material in a liquid solder;
preferably, the hot dipping temperature is 30-50 ℃ higher than the liquidus temperature of the solder alloy layer, and the hot dipping time is 10-60 s;
preferably, the strip-shaped stress buffer material subjected to hot dipping is taken out of the liquid solder to obtain the composite solder;
further, the surface of the liquid brazing filler metal is covered with a covering agent;
preferably, the covering agent is a corresponding soldering flux, and may include anhydrous potassium fluoride, borax, boric anhydride, potassium fluoroborate and/or boric acid;
preferably, the strip-shaped stress buffer material subjected to hot dipping is sequentially cleaned and dried to obtain the composite solder;
preferably, the washing is performed in water at 50 to 100 ℃.
Before the first step, the method also comprises the following steps:
the surface of the banded stress buffer material is roughened so as to improve the bonding strength between the solder alloy layer and the stress slow-release layer and between the flow inhibitor layer and the stress slow-release layer;
further, the surface roughening method may be embossing, sanding, laser texturing, or the like.
Example 2
The preparation method of the composite solder for hard alloy brazing in the embodiment has the same structure as that of the embodiment 1, the solder alloy is BAg49ZnCuMnNi, and the composite solder is prepared by the following steps:
(1) punching the pure copper strip-shaped stress buffer layer, polishing the burrs around the holes by using sand paper, and performing alkali washing and acid washing on the strip-shaped stress buffer material to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface; the composition of the alkaline wash solution used was: 25g/L of sodium hydroxide, 40g/L of sodium carbonate and 55g/L of phosphoric acid solution, wherein the solvent is water; the pickling solution used in pickling is a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 20%.
(2) And (3) washing the pure copper buffer stress material subjected to acid washing/alkali washing with water, washing with alcohol and drying to obtain a dry clean surface.
(3) Passing the pure copper strip through a flow inhibitor coating device to obtain a copper strip with an interrupted flow inhibitor layer;
(4) feeding the coated pure copper strip into an online heating device for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 400 ℃;
(5) sending the preheated pure copper strip into a BAg49ZnCuMnNi solder solution with the surface covered with soldering flux for hot dip coating, wherein the liquidus temperature of a solder alloy layer is 750 ℃, the hot dip coating temperature is 790 ℃, and the time is 20 s; the brazing flux comprises the following components: 42% of anhydrous potassium fluoride, 35% of boric anhydride and 23% of potassium fluoborate; and taking the copper strip subjected to hot dipping out of the liquid brazing filler metal, and sequentially cleaning and drying the copper strip to obtain the composite brazing filler metal.
Example 3
The preparation method of the composite solder for hard alloy brazing in the embodiment has the same structure as that of the embodiment 1, the solder alloy is BCu58ZnMn, and the composite solder is prepared by the following steps:
(1) punching the 304 stainless steel strip-shaped stress buffer layer, and polishing by using sand paper to remove burrs around the hole; carrying out alkali washing and acid washing on the banded stress buffer material to remove surface oil stains and oxide skin; the composition of the alkaline wash solution used was: 25g/L of sodium hydroxide, 40g/L of sodium carbonate and 55g/L of phosphoric acid solution, wherein the solvent is water; the pickling solution used in pickling is a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 20%.
(2) And (3) washing the stainless steel buffer stress material subjected to acid/alkali washing with water, washing with alcohol and drying to obtain a dry clean surface.
(3) Passing the stainless steel strip through a flow inhibitor coating device to obtain a copper strip with a discontinuous flow inhibitor layer;
(4) sending the coated stainless steel strip into an online heating device for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 600 ℃;
(5) sending the preheated stainless steel strip into BCu58ZnMn solder solution with the surface covered with soldering flux for hot dipping, wherein the liquidus temperature of a solder alloy layer is 930 ℃, the hot dipping temperature is 960 ℃, and the time is 30 s; the soldering flux comprises 95% of borax and 5% of boric anhydride; and taking out the stainless steel subjected to hot dipping from the liquid brazing filler metal, and sequentially cleaning and drying the stainless steel to obtain the composite brazing filler metal.
Third, Experimental example
Experimental example 1
The BAg49ZnCuMnNi composite solder strip prepared by the method of the embodiment 2 is cut to form a solder alloy sheet, and the position relationship of the flow inhibitor layer and the through hole on the stress buffer layer is shown in figure 5.
The thickness of the stress buffer layer 1 is 0.2mm, the bandwidth is 20mm, the thickness of the brazing alloy on the surfaces of the two sides of the stress buffer layer is 0.2mm, the diameter of each through hole 4 is 0.5mm, the hole center distance is 3mm, the width B of the flow resisting agent layer 2 is 0.5mm, and the width A of each of the first brazing alloy part and the second brazing alloy part is 20 mm. The distances C between the edges of the left brazing alloy area and the edges of the right brazing alloy area and the adjacent flow resisting agent layer are the same and are both 10 mm.
Meanwhile, the traditional BAg49ZnCuMnNi sandwich composite brazing filler metal is prepared, and the structure is as follows: the stress buffer layer without through holes, and the solder alloy is completely compounded (without a flow resisting agent layer) on the two side surfaces of the stress buffer layer. Wherein, the thickness of the stress buffer layer is 0.2mm, the bandwidth is 20mm, and the thickness of the solder alloy layer is 0.2 mm.
The two composite brazing sheets have the same specification and the length of 41 mm.
The same cemented carbide (grade YG8) was brazed to a steel substrate (grade 45 steel) using two composite braze sheets. Before brazing, the hard alloy and the steel matrix are subjected to surface cleaning treatment by the same method, the surfaces to be brazed are coated with the same brazing flux, then two composite brazing fluxes are respectively placed between the hard alloy and the steel matrix, and the brazing fluxes are melted to form brazing seams by heating under the same high-frequency induction heating equipment and the same parameter setting during brazing.
Five groups of shear samples are respectively made after the brazing is finished, the shear strength is tested according to the specification of GB/T7124-2008, the average shear strength of the sample using the BAg49ZnCuMnNi composite brazing filler metal of the embodiment 2 is 272.3MPa, and the average shear strength of the sample using the traditional BAg49ZnCuMnNi sandwich composite brazing filler metal is 241 MPa. The result shows that the shear strength of the composite solder brazed joint provided by the embodiment 2 is higher than that of the traditional sandwich composite solder brazed joint, and the brazing stress can be further relieved after the stress lines at the brazing seams are cut off, so that the joint strength is improved.
Experimental example 2
The BCu58ZnMn composite solder strip obtained in example 3 was slit to form solder alloy sheets, and the positional relationship between the flow inhibitor layer and the through holes on the stress buffer layer is shown in fig. 5.
The thickness of the stress buffer layer 1 is 0.2mm, the bandwidth is 40mm, the thickness of the brazing alloy on the surfaces of the two sides of the stress buffer layer is 0.2mm, the diameter of each through hole 4 is 1mm, the hole center distance is 5mm, the width B of the flow resisting agent layer 2 is 1mm, and the width A of each of the first brazing alloy layer and the second brazing alloy layer is 40 mm. The distances C between the edges of the left brazing alloy area and the edges of the right brazing alloy area and the adjacent flow resisting agent layer are the same and are both 20 mm.
Meanwhile, the traditional BCu58ZnMn sandwich composite brazing filler metal is prepared, wherein the thickness of the stress buffer layer is 0.2mm, the bandwidth is 40mm, and the thickness of the brazing filler metal alloy layer is 0.2 mm.
The two composite brazing sheets have the same specification and the length of 82 mm.
The same cemented carbide (grade YG8) was brazed to a steel substrate (grade 45 steel) using two composite braze sheets. Before brazing, the hard alloy and the steel matrix are subjected to surface cleaning treatment by the same method, the surfaces to be brazed are coated with the same brazing flux, then two composite brazing fluxes are respectively placed between the hard alloy and the steel matrix, and the brazing fluxes are melted to form brazing seams by heating under the same high-frequency induction heating equipment and the same parameter setting during brazing.
Five sets of shear specimens were prepared after the brazing, and the average shear strength of the specimen using the BCu58ZnMn composite filler metal of example 3 was 290.2MPa, and the average shear strength of the specimen using the conventional BCu58ZnMn sandwich composite filler metal was 267.2 MPa. The result shows that the shear strength of the composite solder brazed joint provided by the embodiment 3 is higher than that of the traditional sandwich composite solder brazed joint, and the brazing stress can be further relieved after the stress lines at the brazing seams are cut off, so that the joint strength is improved.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, as any modification or variation thereof within the spirit and scope of the invention is contemplated.
Claims (10)
1. The composite brazing filler metal for hard alloy brazing is characterized by comprising the following components:
a stress buffer layer; the buffer is used for buffering the brazing stress;
the flow resisting agent layers are arranged on the two side surfaces of the stress buffer layer and divide the corresponding surface of the stress buffer layer into more than two different areas;
the through hole is formed in the region on the stress buffer layer;
and the brazing alloy layers are filled in the areas and the through holes on the surfaces of the two sides of the stress buffer layer, and the brazing alloys on the surfaces of the two sides of the stress buffer layer are connected into a whole through the brazing alloy filled in the corresponding through holes.
2. The composite filler metal for hard alloy brazing according to claim 1, wherein the flow inhibitor layers are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the stress buffer layer to separate the surface of the corresponding stress buffer layer into two or more different regions, and the regions are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the stress buffer layer.
3. The composite filler metal for brazing a cemented carbide according to claim 2, wherein the spaces are arranged in parallel at intervals.
4. The composite filler metal for brazing a cemented carbide as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the flow inhibitor layer is in the shape of a straight line, and both ends of the straight line extend to both sides in the width direction of the stress relaxation layer.
5. The composite filler metal for brazing a cemented carbide as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the flow inhibitor layers are symmetrically arranged on both side surfaces of the strip-shaped stress relaxation layer.
6. The composite filler metal for brazing a cemented carbide according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the width of the flow inhibitor layer is 0.05 to 1 mm.
7. The composite filler metal for brazing a cemented carbide according to claim 1, wherein the number of the through holes is plural and the through holes are arranged in an array in the region.
8. The composite filler metal for brazing a cemented carbide according to claim 7, wherein the diameter of the through hole is 0.5 to 1 mm.
9. The composite filler metal for brazing cemented carbide as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 7, wherein the stress buffering layer is one selected from copper, copper alloy, carbon steel, stainless steel and nickel alloy.
10. A method for preparing the composite brazing filler metal for brazing hard alloys according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which comprises the following steps: and arranging a flow resisting agent layer and a through hole on the stress buffer layer, and then carrying out hot dip plating in the brazing alloy melt.
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