CN113591029B - Stator winding temperature online calculation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an online calculation method for the temperature of a stator winding, which belongs to the technical field of generators and is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. identifying coefficient vectors required by the on-line calculation of the temperature of the stator winding, and setting a threshold value K; b. calculating the operation prediction value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t' t The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the c. If the deviation is within the threshold value K, θ' t+1 Determined by calculation of formula 2; d. if the deviation exceeds the threshold value K, θ' t+1 Determined by calculation of formula 3; e. and (c) moving backwards for a moment, jumping to the step b, and repeating the steps. The method and the device avoid the risk of safe operation of the generator without injecting high-frequency signals, are suitable for different load working conditions, have high suitability for each temperature measuring point of the stator winding, can meet the personalized operation characteristics of each measuring point, calculate the local temperature of the stator winding on line in real time, have high calculation precision, and greatly improve the effect of health assessment of the generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of generators, in particular to an online stator winding temperature calculating method.
Background
The stator winding of the large-sized generator is placed in the slot of the stator core, and the linear part is positioned in the rotating main magnetic field to induce high voltage and large current and transmit the high voltage and large current to a power grid. The stator winding is used as a key component for energy conversion and electric energy output of the generator, and the operation state of the stator winding directly influences whether the whole unit can safely and stably operate. Because the stator winding current of the large-sized generator is large, the stator currents of the steam turbine generators with power of 300MW and 600MW respectively exceed 10000A and 20000A, and therefore the stator winding is one of the parts with the largest loss and heating of the generator.
The statistical data shows that the stator thermal fault is a common fault of the generator, and because the temperature of the stator winding is a key sign of the fault, each power plant gives extra attention to the temperature of the stator winding, and taking a large-sized steam turbine generator cooled in water as an example, the water inlet and outlet ends of the stator winding are all provided with temperature detectors, and meanwhile, the in-slot temperature detectors are buried between the upper layer wire rod and the lower layer wire rod of each slot. At present, a fixed limit value alarm mechanism is generally adopted in a power plant, namely, a temperature limit value is set, an alarm signal is sent once temperature measurement point data arranged on a stator winding exceeds the value, power plant monitoring personnel are reminded to confirm and process, the temperature limit alarm value is generally set according to design or related standards, for a large-scale water internal cooling steam turbine generator, the temperature alarm value of the outlet end of the stator winding is 85 ℃, and the alarm value in a tank is 90 ℃. The alarm mechanism alarms when the stator winding of the generator has obvious faults and reaches the limit, however, in order to meet the power grid requirement, the operation mode of the large generator set is more flexible than the prior art, the large generator set is operated with deep peak shaving frequently, the stator current is far lower than the rated current, correspondingly, the temperature of the water outlet end of the stator winding is far lower than the normal rated working condition compared with the temperature in the tank, under the condition, when the early heat fault occurs but the limit value is not exceeded, the monitoring effect of the fixed limit alarm is greatly weakened, and the early symptoms of the heat fault of the stator can not be effectively and timely found.
The Chinese patent document with publication number CN 108847799A and publication date 2018, 11 month and 20 days discloses a method for detecting the temperature of a PMSM stator winding on line based on signal injection, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, a real-time temperature observation method of a stator winding of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is established;
and step two, adding an optimal injection signal strategy into the temperature observation method in the step one.
The PMSM stator winding temperature on-line detection method based on signal injection disclosed in the patent document can monitor the health condition of the motor by estimating the temperature of the stator winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor on line, prevent over-temperature, can be used in the optimization control of the active heat management motor, and is beneficial to improving the performance of an electric drive system. However, the injection of a high frequency signal is required, and the stator temperature is indirectly estimated by recognizing the change of the stator resistance, and there are problems in the case of a large generator: firstly, high-frequency signals are injected online in real time, so that potential safety hazards exist for the stator winding in high-current high-voltage operation, and power system faults can be possibly caused; secondly, the temperature of the stator winding is estimated through the change of the stator resistance, the temperature value is the average temperature of the stator winding in operation, for a large-scale generator, the stator winding is generally 4-8 m long, and because of the difference of local heating and ventilation conditions, obvious temperature gradient exists, the outlet temperature of cooling water of the stator winding can be higher than the inlet temperature by more than 20 ℃, so that the average temperature has poorer practical utility for the estimation of the running health state of the stator winding.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the stator winding temperature online calculation method, and the normal running value of the temperature at the previous moment is introduced, so that high-frequency signals are not required to be injected, the safety running risk of the generator is avoided, the method is suitable for different load working conditions, the suitability of each temperature measuring point of the stator winding is high, the personalized running characteristics of each measuring point can be met, the local temperature of the stator winding is obtained by real-time online calculation, the calculation precision is high, and the effect of health evaluation of the generator is greatly improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the stator winding temperature online calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. setting an identification convergence error value and a duty ratio, identifying coefficient vectors required by online calculation of the temperature of the stator winding, and setting a threshold value K;
b. extracting n stator winding temperature continuous operation values, and calculating operation prediction of temperature measuring points of the stator winding at time t according to coefficient vector through a model 1Value of θ' t ；
In the formula, θ' t The operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t is theta t-1 ,θ t-2 …θ t-n For the actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding before the time t, alpha 1 ,α 2 …α n For the vector of the weighting coefficients,
is the disturbance quantity;
c. if the operation prediction value theta 'of the temperature measurement point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t When the deviation of (2) is within the threshold value K, the operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1' t+1 Determined by calculation of formula 2;
in the formula, θ' t+1 For the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1, alpha i For the weighting coefficient vector, θ t+1-i The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t+1-i,
is the disturbance quantity;
d. if the operation prediction value theta 'of the temperature measurement point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t When the deviation of (1) exceeds the threshold value K, the operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t+1' t+1 Determined by calculation of formula 3;
in the formula, θ' t+1 For the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1, alpha i For the weighting coefficient vector, θ t-i The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t-i,
is the disturbance quantity;
e. and (c) moving backwards for a moment, jumping to the step b, and repeating the steps.
In the step a, identifying coefficient vectors required by the on-line calculation of the temperature of the stator winding specifically refers to selecting the total number n of the coefficient vectors, selecting continuous operation data of temperature measuring points of the stator winding for a period of time, setting coefficient vector iteration initial values, identifying the coefficient vectors through a least square method or a neural network, judging whether the ratio value of the number of the error smaller than the convergence error value to the total number reaches the standard after calculating errors are stable in the statistical identification process, and if not, reselecting the total number n of the coefficient vectors, and continuously identifying adjustment parameters; if yes, output coefficient vector [ alpha ] 1 ,α 2 …α n ]。
The operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t The deviation of (2) adopts an absolute deviation sigma, and the absolute deviation sigma is calculated by a formula 4;
σ＝|θ t -θ' t i type 4
Wherein sigma is the absolute deviation, θ t The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t is theta t ' is the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t.
The operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t The deviation of (1) adopts a relative deviation lambda, and the relative deviation lambda is calculated by a formula 5;
λ＝|θ t -θ' t |/θ t 5. The method is to
Wherein lambda is the relative deviation, theta t Actual operation of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time tRow value, theta t ' is the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows:
the heat capacity of the large-scale generator is large, the change rate of the unit power is in a certain range, so that the change of the component temperature is relatively slow, the temperature sampling period of a common large-scale power plant is short and is about 1s, the temperature data are uploaded to a management information area of the power plant, the time interval is also within 10s, therefore, under normal conditions, the operating value of a temperature measuring point of a stator winding is greatly related to the operating temperature data of the measuring point in the previous period, and the shorter the adjacent time is, the larger the related is, and the related is verified after long-term monitoring is carried out on the operating data of a plurality of large-scale thermal power plants.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly shown in the following aspects:
1. according to the invention, through introducing the normal operation value of the temperature at the previous moment, high-frequency signals are not required to be injected, so that the safety operation risk of the generator is avoided, the method is suitable for different load working conditions, the suitability of each temperature measuring point of the stator winding is high, the personalized operation characteristic of each measuring point can be met, the local temperature of the stator winding is calculated on line in real time, the calculation precision is high, and the effect of health evaluation of the generator is greatly improved.
2. According to the invention, according to the running temperature characteristics of the stator winding, the normal running characteristics of the part where the temperature measuring point of the stator winding is located can be described by only introducing the recent temperature running value and a group of coefficient vectors, and the local temperature of the stator winding is calculated on line in real time instead of the average temperature of the stator winding, so that the effectiveness of health evaluation of the generator is better.
3. The method is suitable for different load working conditions of flexible operation of the generator, can respectively model each temperature measuring point of the stator winding, extract coefficient vectors conforming to respective operation characteristics, construct a high-precision calculation model, control relative calculation errors within 1% and ensure calculation precision.
Drawings
The invention will be further specifically described with reference to the drawings and detailed description below:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a coefficient vector identification process according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the identification effect of the on-line calculation of the stator winding temperature and the comparison curve of the actual running value according to the application example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the identification effect of the on-line calculation of the temperature of the stator winding according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the on-line calculation of the stator winding temperature and the comparison between actual operating values for the application example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of on-line calculation of the temperature of the stator winding for the practical application of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an online stator winding temperature calculating method includes the following steps:
a. setting an identification convergence error value and a duty ratio, identifying coefficient vectors required by online calculation of the temperature of the stator winding, and setting a threshold value K;
b. n stator winding temperature continuous operation values are extracted, and a stator winding temperature measuring point operation predicted value theta 'at the time t is calculated according to coefficient vector through a model 1' t ；
In the formula, θ' t The operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t is theta t-1 ,θ t-2 …θ t-n For the actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding before the time t, alpha 1 ,α 2 …α n For the vector of the weighting coefficients,
is the disturbance quantity;
c. if the temperature of the stator winding at the moment t is measuredOperation prediction value θ' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t When the deviation of (2) is within the threshold value K, the operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1' t+1 Determined by calculation of formula 2;
in the formula, θ' t+1 For the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1, alpha i For the weighting coefficient vector, θ t+1-i The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t+1-i,
is the disturbance quantity;
d. if the operation prediction value theta 'of the temperature measurement point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t When the deviation of (1) exceeds the threshold value K, the operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t+1' t+1 Determined by calculation of formula 3;
in the formula, θ' t+1 For the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1, alpha i For the weighting coefficient vector, θ t-i The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t-i,
is the disturbance quantity;
e. and (c) moving backwards for a moment, jumping to the step b, and repeating the steps.
The embodiment is the most basic implementation mode, the normal operation value of temperature at the past moment is introduced, high-frequency signals are not required to be injected, the safety operation risk of the generator is avoided, the method is suitable for different load working conditions, the suitability of each temperature measuring point of the stator winding is high, the personalized operation characteristic of each measuring point can be met, the local temperature of the stator winding is calculated on line in real time, the calculation accuracy is high, and the effect of health evaluation of the generator is greatly improved.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an online stator winding temperature calculating method includes the following steps:
a. setting an identification convergence error value and a duty ratio, identifying coefficient vectors required by online calculation of the temperature of the stator winding, and setting a threshold value K;
b. n stator winding temperature continuous operation values are extracted, and a stator winding temperature measuring point operation predicted value theta 'at the time t is calculated according to coefficient vector through a model 1' t ；
In the formula, θ' t The operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t is theta t-1 ,θ t-2 ...θ t-n For the actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding before the time t, alpha 1 ,α 2 …α n For the vector of the weighting coefficients,
is the disturbance quantity;
c. if the operation prediction value theta 'of the temperature measurement point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t When the deviation of (2) is within the threshold value K, the operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1' t+1 Determined by calculation of formula 2;
in the formula, θ' t+1 For the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1, alpha i For the weighting coefficient vector, θ t+1-i The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t+1-i,
Is the disturbance quantity;
d. if the operation prediction value theta 'of the temperature measurement point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t When the deviation of (1) exceeds the threshold value K, the operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t+1' t+1 Determined by calculation of formula 3;
in the formula, θ' t+1 For the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1, alpha i For the weighting coefficient vector, θ t-i The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t-i,
is the disturbance quantity;
e. and (c) moving backwards for a moment, jumping to the step b, and repeating the steps.
In the step a, identifying coefficient vectors required by the on-line calculation of the temperature of the stator winding specifically refers to selecting the total number n of the coefficient vectors, selecting continuous operation data of temperature measuring points of the stator winding for a period of time, setting coefficient vector iteration initial values, identifying the coefficient vectors through a least square method or a neural network, judging whether the ratio value of the number of the error smaller than the convergence error value to the total number reaches the standard after calculating errors are stable in the statistical identification process, and if not, reselecting the total number n of the coefficient vectors, and continuously identifying adjustment parameters; if yes, output coefficient vector [ alpha ] 1 ,α 2 …α n ]。
According to the preferred embodiment, according to the running temperature characteristics of the stator winding, the normal running characteristics of the part where the temperature measuring point of the stator winding is located can be described by only introducing a recent temperature running value and a group of coefficient vectors, and the local temperature of the stator winding is calculated on line in real time instead of the average temperature of the stator winding, so that the effectiveness of health evaluation of the generator is better.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an online stator winding temperature calculating method includes the following steps:
a. setting an identification convergence error value and a duty ratio, identifying coefficient vectors required by online calculation of the temperature of the stator winding, and setting a threshold value K;
b. n stator winding temperature continuous operation values are extracted, and a stator winding temperature measuring point operation predicted value theta 'at the time t is calculated according to coefficient vector through a model 1' t ；
In the formula, θ' t The operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t is theta t-1 ,θ t-2 ...θ t-n For the actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding before the time t, alpha 1 ,α 2 …α n For the vector of the weighting coefficients,
is the disturbance quantity;
c. if the operation prediction value theta 'of the temperature measurement point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t When the deviation of (2) is within the threshold value K, the operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1' t+1 Determined by calculation of formula 2;
in the formula, θ' t+1 For the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1, alpha i For the weighting coefficient vector, θ t+1-i The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t+1-i,
is the disturbance quantity;
d. if the operation prediction value theta 'of the temperature measurement point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t When the deviation of (1) exceeds the threshold value K, the operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t+1' t+1 Determined by calculation of formula 3;
in the formula, θ' t+1 For the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1, alpha i For the weighting coefficient vector, θ t-i The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t-i,
is the disturbance quantity;
e. and (c) moving backwards for a moment, jumping to the step b, and repeating the steps.
In the step a, identifying coefficient vectors required by the on-line calculation of the temperature of the stator winding specifically refers to selecting the total number n of the coefficient vectors, selecting continuous operation data of temperature measuring points of the stator winding for a period of time, setting coefficient vector iteration initial values, identifying the coefficient vectors through a least square method or a neural network, judging whether the ratio value of the number of the error smaller than the convergence error value to the total number reaches the standard after calculating errors are stable in the statistical identification process, and if not, reselecting the total number n of the coefficient vectors, and continuously identifying adjustment parameters; if yes, output coefficient vector [ alpha ] 1 ,α 2 …α n ]。
The operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t The deviation of (2) adopts an absolute deviation sigma, and the absolute deviation sigma is calculated by a formula 4;
σ＝|θ t -θ' t i type 4
Wherein sigma is the absolute deviation, θ t The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t,θ t ' is the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t.
The operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t The deviation of (1) adopts a relative deviation lambda, and the relative deviation lambda is calculated by a formula 5;
λ＝|θ t -θ' t |/θ t 5. The method is to
Wherein lambda is the relative deviation, theta t The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t is theta t ' is the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t.
The embodiment is an optimal implementation mode, is suitable for different load working conditions of flexible operation of the generator, can respectively model each temperature measuring point of the stator winding, extracts coefficient vectors conforming to respective operation characteristics, constructs a high-precision calculation model, can control relative calculation errors within 1%, and ensures calculation precision.
The invention will be described with reference to specific examples of application:
in order to verify the calculation accuracy of the invention, the actual running data of the stator winding temperature of a certain power plant No. 2 1000MW generator for a period of time is selected for testing and verification.
The total number n of selected coefficient vector elements is 3, and the convergence relative error value is 1%. The coefficient vector obtained by the least square method is [0.5243,0.2246,0.2511], and the identification effect is shown in fig. 3 and 4. The relative error range is (-0.6%, 0.6%), meets the set requirements, and the coefficient vector is available.
The coefficient vector is applied to the calculation of the stator winding temperature for a subsequent period, and the practical application effect thereof is shown in fig. 5 and 6. For visual and convenient display, the test only uses actual data of the power plant for a small period of time, and for long-time real-time on-line stator winding temperature calculation, the calculation accuracy and effect of the method are good.
Claims (3)
1. The stator winding temperature online calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. setting an identification convergence error value and a duty ratio, identifying coefficient vectors required by online calculation of the temperature of the stator winding, and setting a threshold value K;
b. n stator winding temperature continuous operation values are extracted, and a stator winding temperature measuring point operation predicted value theta 'at the time t is calculated according to coefficient vector through a model 1' t ；
In the formula, θ' t The operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t is theta t-1 ,θ t-2 …θ t-n For the actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding before the time t, alpha 1 ,α 2 …α n For the vector of the weighting coefficients,
is the disturbance quantity;
c. if the operation prediction value theta 'of the temperature measurement point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t When the deviation of (2) is within the threshold value K, the operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1' t+1 Determined by calculation of formula 2;
in the formula, θ' t+1 For the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1, alpha i For the weighting coefficient vector, θ t+1-i The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t+1-i,
is the disturbance quantity;
d. if the operation prediction value theta 'of the temperature measurement point of the stator winding at the moment t' t At tActual operating value theta of carved stator winding temperature measuring point t When the deviation of (1) exceeds the threshold value K, the operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t+1' t+1 Determined by calculation of formula 3;
in the formula, θ' t+1 For the operation predicted value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t+1, alpha i For the weighting coefficient vector, θ t-i The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t-i,
is the disturbance quantity;
e. and (c) moving backwards for a moment, jumping to the step b, and repeating the steps.
2. The method for on-line calculation of stator winding temperature according to claim 1, wherein: the operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t The deviation of (2) adopts an absolute deviation sigma, and the absolute deviation sigma is calculated by a formula 4;
σ＝|θ t -θ′ t i type 4
Wherein sigma is the absolute deviation, θ t The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t is theta' t And the predicted value is the operation of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t.
3. The method for on-line calculation of stator winding temperature according to claim 1, wherein: the operation predicted value theta 'of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the moment t' t Actual running value theta of temperature measuring point of stator winding at t moment t The deviation of (1) adopts a relative deviation lambda, and the relative deviation lambda is calculated by a formula 5;
λ＝|θ t -θ′ t |/θ t 5. The method is to
Wherein lambda is the relative deviation, theta t The actual running value of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t is theta' t And the predicted value is the operation of the temperature measuring point of the stator winding at the time t.
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