CN113578045A - Dust removal and denitration treatment process for cement kiln tail flue gas - Google Patents
Dust removal and denitration treatment process for cement kiln tail flue gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN113578045A CN113578045A CN202110947677.6A CN202110947677A CN113578045A CN 113578045 A CN113578045 A CN 113578045A CN 202110947677 A CN202110947677 A CN 202110947677A CN 113578045 A CN113578045 A CN 113578045A
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
- B01D46/04—Cleaning filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a dust removal and denitration treatment process for tail gas of a cement kiln, which is particularly suitable for treating the tail gas of the cement kiln. The treatment process comprises the following steps: high-temperature flue gas from the tail of a cement kiln firstly enters a preheater to preheat materials, part of flue gas introduced from the front end of an SP (SP) furnace is mixed with waste flue gas ground from raw materials at a wind gathering box, and the optimal reaction temperature of 200-240 ℃ for denitration can be achieved by adjusting an automatic adjusting valve; the mixed flue gas enters a dust removal denitration reactor for dust removal and denitration; the purified flue gas is sent into a chimney under the action of a kiln tail fan. The process provided by the invention achieves good dedusting and denitration effects by simplifying the complex flow of firstly cooling, dedusting and then heating denitration in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a kiln tail gas treatment process, in particular to a treatment method and a treatment system for dust removal and denitration of cement kiln tail gas.
Background
Cement is an important basic raw material for national economic construction. The main pollutants in cement production are particulate matters and nitrogen oxides. The total emission amount of nitrogen oxides in the cement industry is increased year by year, and is the third largest nitrogen oxide emission household after the emission of tail gas of the thermal power industry and automobiles. Meanwhile, the smoke of the cement kiln also comprises particulate matters, and the emission of the particulate matters accounts for about 40 percent of the total emission of the particulate matters in the national industrial industry according to statistics. Therefore, the comprehensive treatment of denitration and dust removal of the cement kiln flue gas is imperative for controlling the main emission index of the cement kiln waste gas to implement ultra-low emission on the basis of the current standard.
The following table sets forth two sets of figures for discussion and target values for ultra-low emissions from cement kilns, where the objective is the direction of our efforts.
The method realizes the ultralow emission of nitrogen oxides in the cement kiln exhaust gas, and adopts SCR technology, namely selective catalytic reduction technology. SCR denitration process schemes are generally considered to be classified into high dust arrangement schemes, half dust arrangement schemes, and low dust arrangement schemes. However, for kiln tail waste gas of a cement clinker production system, firstly, the cement raw material components are complex, even a plurality of cement production lines are used for cooperatively disposing garbage, sludge and dangerous waste or used as auxiliary and alternative fuels, and secondly, the dust concentration of gas in a temperature range suitable for the activity of a catalyst before waste gas waste heat utilization is generally 60-80g/m3, so that the SCR denitration process for directly transplanting electric boiler waste gas is not feasible.
FIG. 1 is a process diagram of a conventional cement kiln tail low-dust SCR arrangement. By adopting the traditional cement sintering process, the SCR system is arranged behind the kiln tail bag dust remover, so that the dust content of the waste gas entering the SCR reactor is extremely low, and various influences of particulate matters on the denitration catalyst are small. However, the energy-saving waste heat utilization of the traditional cement production is in place, and the temperature is generally low, about 90-180 ℃ after the kiln tail is dedusted due to the power generation of a waste gas waste heat boiler, the grinding and drying of raw materials and the like. In order to adapt to the optimum catalytic reduction reaction temperature of nitrogen oxides, the flue gas needs to be reheated, which undoubtedly makes the process complicated and wastes energy. In addition, the traditional cement kiln tail high dust/semi dust SCR process scheme is not ideal.
Therefore, a new treatment scheme for dust removal and denitration of cement kiln tail gas needs to be explored aiming at the characteristics of a cement production process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dust removal and denitration treatment process for tail flue gas of a cement kiln. Compared with the traditional dedusting and denitration process, the process is simplified, the catalytic efficiency can be improved, and the lasting catalytic activity is kept.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dust removal and denitration treatment process for cement kiln tail flue gas comprises the following steps:
high-temperature flue gas discharged from the tail of the cement kiln firstly enters a preheater to preheat materials,
mixing part of flue gas introduced from the front end of the SP furnace with waste flue gas ground from raw materials at a wind gathering box, and adjusting an automatic adjusting valve to enable the optimum reaction temperature of denitration to be 200-240 ℃;
the mixed flue gas enters a dust removal denitration reactor for dust removal and denitration;
the purified flue gas is sent into a chimney under the action of a kiln tail fan.
Furthermore, part of the flue gas introduced from the front end of the SP waste heat furnace is mixed with the waste flue gas ground from the raw materials.
Further, the preheater 3 comprises five stages of preheaters of C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5.
Furthermore, when the SP waste heat furnace breaks down, the flue gas can directly enter the humidifying tower 5 for cooling.
Furthermore, a dust removal and denitration integrated catalytic filter bag is arranged in the denitration and dust removal reactor.
Furthermore, pulse ash removal is adopted in the denitration dust removal reactor, and the catalytic filter bag is periodically swept.
Further, the catalytic filter bag comprises an inner layer and an outer layer.
Furthermore, the outer layer of the catalytic filter bag is an outer layer cloth bag with a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) coated film.
Further, the inner layer of the catalytic filter bag is a catalytic layer impregnated with a granular catalyst.
Compared with the traditional cement kiln tail low-dust SCR process scheme, the cement kiln tail gas denitration dust removal process has the advantages that part of high-temperature flue gas introduced from the inlet end of the SP waste heat furnace is mixed with waste gas from a coal mill and a raw material mill at the air collecting box, the flue gas is not required to be heated, the optimum catalytic reduction reaction temperature of nitrogen oxides can be met, the process is simplified undoubtedly, and energy is saved.
In addition, dust removal and denitration are synchronously performed in one device, so that the rotary kiln tail gas treatment process is simplified, corresponding flue gas treatment equipment is simplified, and the dust removal and denitration efficiency is higher. And because the process of filtering and dedusting firstly and then removing nitrogen oxides is adopted, the influence of particles on the catalyst is effectively avoided, and the anti-poisoning capability of the catalyst is improved, so that the efficiency of catalytic reaction is improved, and the service life of the catalytic filter bag is effectively prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a conventional low-dust SCR arrangement process for a cement kiln.
FIG. 2 is a device for dust removal, denitration and treatment of tail gas of a cement kiln.
FIG. 3 is a new treatment process diagram for dust removal and denitration of tail gas of a cement kiln according to the invention.
Wherein, 1-a cement kiln; 2-DD decomposition furnace; 3-a preheater; 4-SP waste heat furnace; 5-a humidifying tower; 6-high temperature fan; 7-grinding raw materials; 8-air gathering box; 9-a dust removal denitration reactor; 10-kiln tail fan; 11-chimney.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a dust removal and denitration treatment process for cement kiln tail flue gas.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the system for utilizing the waste heat of the cement kiln tail gas and removing dust and denitration treatment sequentially comprises a preheater 3, an SP waste heat furnace 4, a humidifying tower 5, a high-temperature fan 6, a raw material mill 7, a wind gathering box 8, a dust and denitration reactor 9 and a kiln tail fan 10.
In this embodiment, the preheater 3 includes five stages, i.e., C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5, which can heat the material on one hand and cool the high-temperature flue gas from the kiln tail on the other hand. Generally, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas from the tail end of the cement kiln 1 is about 900 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas from the outlet of the preheater 3 after preheating the materials is about 400-450 ℃.
Referring to fig. 3, according to the cement kiln tail gas denitration and dust removal treatment process, on one hand, flue gas from the preheater 3 can enter an SP waste heat furnace for power generation, and then enter a raw material mill 7 for drying fuel and raw materials under the action of a high-temperature fan 6, wherein the temperature of the flue gas is about 90-120 ℃; as shown in fig. 1, in an emergency situation, for example, when the SP waste heat furnace fails, the flue gas may directly enter the humidifying tower 5 for cooling; on the other hand, a flue gas pipeline is connected at the inlet end of the preheater 3, and a part of flue gas can be controlled to directly enter the air collecting box 8 without passing through the SP furnace by adjusting a valve, wherein the temperature of the flue gas is about 400-450 ℃; at the air collecting box, part of flue gas introduced from the front end of the SP furnace and waste flue gas ground from raw materials are mixed, and the optimal reaction temperature of 200-240 ℃ for denitration can be achieved by adjusting an automatic adjusting valve.
Preferably, part of the flue gas introduced from the front end of the SP waste heat furnace is mixed with the waste flue gas milled from the raw materials at the air collecting box.
A dust removal and denitration integrated catalytic filter bag is arranged in the dust removal and denitration reactor 9; the flue gas passes through the catalytic filter bag to realize two processes of dust removal and denitration in turn. Pulse ash removal is adopted in the reactor, and the filter bag is periodically purged; NO in flue gas after dust removal and filtrationxReacts with a reducing agent (ammonia water) sprayed by the cloth bag denitration spraying device under the action of the catalytic filter bag to be reduced into N2And H2And O. The purified flue gas is sent into a chimney under the action of a kiln tail fan.
Compared with the traditional cement kiln tail low-dust SCR process scheme, the cement kiln tail gas denitration and dust removal process provided by the invention has the advantages that part of high-temperature flue gas is introduced from the inlet end of the SP waste heat furnace to be mixed with waste gas from a coal mill and a raw material mill at the air collecting box, the flue gas is not required to be heated again, the optimal catalytic reduction reaction temperature of nitrogen oxides can be met, the process is simplified undoubtedly, and the energy is saved.
In addition, because the cement kiln tail gas denitration dust removal process adopts the dust removal denitration catalytic filter bag, the dust content of the waste gas entering the inner-layer catalytic filter bag can be ensured to be extremely low, and the influence of particles on the denitration catalyst is small. Compared with a high-dust/semi-dust SCR process scheme at the tail of a driven cement kiln, the method can avoid the problem of catalyst poisoning, so that the catalyst can keep lasting catalytic activity.
Preferably, the integrated technology of dust removal and denitration by the catalytic cloth bag is a technology combining surface filtration and catalytic reaction, and the synchronous removal of dust and nitrogen oxides is realized in one device. The catalytic filter bag usually comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the outer layer is a high-precision filter layer, and the inner layer is a catalytic layer carrying a granular catalyst. The flue gas flows through the catalytic filter bag from outside to inside, and the particulate matters in the flue gas andharmful alkaline metal is intercepted and filtered by filter cakes on the surface of the filter bag, clean flue gas containing nitrogen oxide and a reducing agent are subjected to chemical reaction under the action of a catalyst in a catalytic layer, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is decomposed into N2And H2And O. Because the process of filtering and dedusting firstly and then removing nitrogen oxide is adopted, the influence of particles on the catalyst is effectively avoided, and the anti-poisoning capability of the catalyst is improved, so that the efficiency of catalytic reaction is improved, and the service life of a catalytic filter bag is effectively prolonged.
The reaction mechanism is as follows: firstly, a reducing agent spraying and mixing section (injecting 10 wt% of ammonia water); the injection amount can change NOx, CO and VOCs into N according to the actual gas composition2、CO2And H2The O case is specifically designed. ② the dust in the gas is removed from the surface layer of the filter. ③ conversion of NOx, CO and VOCs into N by catalytic reaction2、CO2And H2O。
The chemical reaction that takes place in the zone is:
4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O
NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O
preferably, the catalytic filter cloth bag comprises an outer cloth bag with a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) coating, and an inner catalytic cloth bag impregnated with a catalyst is filled in the outer cloth bag. When the flue gas enters the inner-layer catalytic filter bag, the particulate matters are filtered and removed by the outer-layer cloth bag, so that the moderate risk and abrasion of the inner-bag catalyst are reduced.
By adopting the cement kiln tail gas denitration and dust removal treatment process, the outlet flue gas can reach the ultralow emission standard target value, namely the emission density of particulate matters is less than 5mg/m3, and the emission density of nitrogen oxides is less than 50mg/m3, so that the cement kiln tail gas denitration and dust removal treatment process is one of the best schemes for solving the ultralow emission of the nitrogen oxides in cement production.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A dust removal and denitration treatment process for cement kiln tail flue gas comprises the following steps:
high-temperature flue gas discharged from the tail of the cement kiln firstly enters a preheater to preheat materials,
mixing a part of flue gas introduced from the front end of the SP furnace at the temperature of 400-450 ℃ with waste flue gas ground from raw materials at the temperature of 90-120 ℃ at a wind collecting box, and adjusting an automatic adjusting valve to enable the optimum reaction temperature of denitration to be 200-240 ℃;
the mixed flue gas enters a dust removal denitration reactor for dust removal and denitration;
the purified flue gas is sent into a chimney under the action of a kiln tail fan.
2. The cement kiln tail gas dedusting and denitration treatment process as set forth in claim 1, wherein a part of flue gas introduced from the front end of the SP waste heat furnace is mixed with waste flue gas from raw material grinding.
3. The cement kiln tail gas dedusting denitration treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheater 3 comprises five-stage preheaters of C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5.
4. The rotary kiln tail gas dedusting and denitration treatment process as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the SP waste heat furnace has a fault, the flue gas can directly enter the humidifying tower 5 for cooling.
5. The rotary kiln tail gas dedusting and denitration treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a dedusting and denitration integrated catalytic filter bag is arranged in the denitration and dedusting reactor.
6. The rotary kiln tail gas dedusting and denitration treatment process as claimed in claim 4, wherein pulse ash removal is adopted in the denitration and dedusting reactor, and the catalytic filter bag is periodically purged.
7. The rotary kiln tail gas dedusting and denitration treatment process as claimed in claim 4, wherein the catalytic filter bag comprises an inner layer and an outer layer.
8. The rotary kiln tail gas dedusting and denitration treatment process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the outer layer of the catalytic filter bag is an outer layer cloth bag with a PTFE membrane.
9. The rotary kiln tail gas dedusting and denitration treatment process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inner layer of the catalytic filter bag is a catalytic layer impregnated with a granular catalyst.
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Title |
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