CN113509949B - Preparation of porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst and application of photocatalyst in synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose - Google Patents
Preparation of porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst and application of photocatalyst in synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose Download PDFInfo
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- CN113509949B CN113509949B CN202110314023.XA CN202110314023A CN113509949B CN 113509949 B CN113509949 B CN 113509949B CN 202110314023 A CN202110314023 A CN 202110314023A CN 113509949 B CN113509949 B CN 113509949B
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 21
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 20
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- -1 nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 36
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 35
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=NC=NC=N1 JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst and application of the photocatalyst in synthesizing lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose, and belongs to the technical field of catalysis. The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: and uniformly stirring the nitrogen-containing compound precursor and a hydrochloric acid solution, and then performing hydrothermal treatment to obtain a solid which is calcined to obtain the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube material. The application process of the catalyst in synthesizing lactic acid by photo-catalytic oxidation of xylose comprises the following steps: mixing a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst, xylose and an alkali solution, and carrying out photocatalytic reaction; filtering to remove catalyst, and measuring lactic acid content of filtrate by high performance liquid chromatograph. The method for preparing the catalyst has better universality, and the catalyst has the advantages of high catalytic activity, good stability, recycling and the like, is simple and efficient for catalyzing xylose to synthesize lactic acid, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst and application of the photocatalyst in synthesizing lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose, belonging to the technical field of catalysis.
Background
With the increasing exhaustion of non-renewable resources such as petroleum, the production of chemical products from renewable biomass as a raw material has become a trend of realizing sustainable development of the chemical industry. The problems of global environmental pollution and excessive consumption of energy are increasingly serious. To solve these problems, an eco-friendly and sustainable method was developed. The graphite carbon nitride as the organic semiconductor photocatalyst has the advantages of attractive thermal and chemical stability, no toxicity to the environment, easy synthesis and proper energy band structure, and has great potential in photocatalytic hydrogen production and selective oxidation. Lactic acid is an important high-value chemical produced by biomass refining and is mainly used in the fields of food, pharmaceutical industry, manufacturing of biodegradable plastics (such as polylactic acid) and the like. In a sustainable society, the market demand for lactic acid is growing. Currently, the main production process of lactic acid is obtained by fermenting starch hydrolysis xylose with transgenic enzymes. However, the biological process has the defects of low yield, harsh reaction conditions (temperature and pH value), complex microbial population control and the like. Therefore, the development of an efficient and environment-friendly method for synthesizing lactic acid has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalytic material and application of the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalytic material in synthesizing lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose, aiming at the defects of the existing lactic acid synthesis. The invention prepares the porous hollow carbon nitride nano tube photocatalyst by a simple hydrothermal method, and then uses the porous hollow carbon nitride nano tube as the photocatalyst to oxidize the xylose which is the first large saccharide in nature into lactic acid by a photocatalytic reaction. The method for preparing the catalyst has universality and can be produced in large scale. The catalyst used in the invention has the advantages of good stability, high catalytic activity, recycling and the like. The synthesis method of the invention is simple and easy to control, low in cost and pollution-free.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst for synthesizing lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing a nitrogen-containing compound precursor with a hydrochloric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution, carrying out hydrothermal treatment on the mixed solution for 8-12 hours at the temperature of 130-200 ℃, and calcining at the temperature of 500.0-600.0 ℃ for 3.0-6.0 hours; wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the mixed solution is 0.1 mol/L-2 mol/L; the ratio of the nitrogen-containing compound precursor to the hydrochloric acid solution is 2.0g: 5-20.0 mL;
(2) Calcining the product obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 500.0-600.0 ℃ for 3.0-6.0 h, wherein the calcining is performed again on the basis of the calcining in the step (1), and the porous hollow carbon nitride nano tube photocatalytic material is prepared.
According to the above technical solution, in the preferred case, in the step (1), the nitrogen-containing compound precursor is urea, thiourea, dicyandiamide, melamine, or the like.
According to the above technical solution, in the step (1), the calcination temperature is preferably 500.0 ℃ and the calcination time is preferably 2.0h.
According to the above technical solution, in the step (1) and the step (2), the calcination is preferably followed by grinding.
According to the above technical solution, in the step (2), the calcination temperature is preferably 600.0 ℃ and the calcination time is preferably 2.0h.
According to the above technical solution, in the preferred case, in the step (1) and the step (2), the calcining atmosphere is nitrogen.
The porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalytic material is characterized by means of infrared spectrum and the like, and is used as a good photocatalyst for synthesizing lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose.
The application of the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst prepared by the method in the photocatalytic oxidation of xylose to lactic acid comprises the following reaction processes: uniformly mixing the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst, xylose and alkali solution, and carrying out photocatalytic reaction for 30.0-180.0 min at 20.0-90.0 ℃; filtering to remove catalyst, and measuring lactic acid content of filtrate by high performance liquid chromatograph.
According to the above-described technical scheme, preferably, the alkali solution such as potassium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide solution, barium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, etc., is preferably potassium hydroxide solution.
According to the above-mentioned technical scheme, the concentration of the alkali solution is preferably 0.1-2.0 mol/L, and preferably 1.0mol/L.
According to the technical scheme, preferably, the ratio of the xylose to the alkali solution to the catalyst is 0.05-0.2 g:10.0mL:5.0 to 70.0mg, preferably 0.1g:10.0mL:40.0mg.
According to the above technical scheme, preferably, the reaction temperature is 70.0 ℃.
According to the above technical scheme, preferably, the reaction time is 60min.
The application of the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst in synthesizing lactic acid by photocatalysis xylose optimizes experimental conditions from the conditions of reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst dosage, potassium hydroxide concentration and the like; and the recycling property of the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst is explored under the optimal reaction condition.
The porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst can be used as an energy source and a high-value chemical for synthesizing lactic acid by catalyzing and oxidizing xylose.
The porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst prepared by the method has universality and can be produced in a large scale, and the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst is used in the reaction of generating lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose; the catalyst has the advantages of good stability, high catalytic activity, good recyclability and the like, and is simple and efficient for catalyzing xylose to synthesize lactic acid, thereby having good application prospect; the process for synthesizing lactic acid by photo-catalytic oxidation of xylose by using the porous hollow carbon nitride nano tube has the advantages of safety, no toxicity, quick response, low energy consumption and the like, solves a series of problems existing in the prior microorganism method for synthesizing lactic acid, and provides a brand-new way for synthesizing lactic acid. The reaction condition for synthesizing lactic acid by photo-catalytic oxidation of xylose by the porous hollow carbon nitride nano tube is mild. The invention has simple process and easily controlled reaction conditions, and the obtained lactic acid is widely applied to the manufacture of foods, pharmaceutical engineering and biodegradable plastics (such as polylactic acid).
The synthesis method of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The lactic acid synthesized by the invention is a chemical product with high value, and is an important chemical intermediate;
(2) The preparation method of the catalyst has universality and can be used for large-scale production;
(3) The preparation raw materials of the catalyst are relatively cheap and easy to obtain, and the preparation method is simple and suitable for industrial production;
(4) The porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube prepared by the invention is used as a catalyst and has the advantages of good thermal stability, high catalytic activity, recycling and the like;
(5) The method for synthesizing lactic acid has the advantages of safety, no toxicity, quick response, low energy consumption and the like;
(6) The process for preparing lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of the porous hollow carbon nitride nano tube can be amplified, and the experimental result of 1000 times amplification shows that the process for synthesizing lactic acid has potential for industrial production;
(7) The product of the invention provides an effective way for solving the energy crisis problem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a transmission electron microscope spectrum of a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube catalyst prepared from melamine and hydrochloric acid as the nitrogen-containing compound in example 1.
Fig. 2 is an FT-IR spectrum of a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst, wherein ox@cnb is a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube catalyst prepared from melamine and hydrochloric acid as the nitrogen-containing compound in example 1, and BCN is a bulk carbon nitride photocatalyst prepared from melamine as the nitrogen-containing compound in comparative example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different KOH concentrations on the synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose by a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst in example 3.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of different reaction temperatures on the synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose by a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst in example 4 and example 3.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of different amounts of catalyst on the synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose with a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst in example 5 and example 4.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of different reaction times in example 6 and example 5 on the synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose by a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of the photocatalytic oxidation of xylose to lactic acid by the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst in example 7.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples for better understanding of technical features of the invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) Accurately measuring 1.0mL,3.0mL,5.0mL,8.0mL,10.0mL and 15.0mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (12 mol/L), adding deionized water, preparing 200.0mL of hydrochloric acid solutions with different concentrations, and preparing the hydrochloric acid solutions with different concentrations for later use;
(2) Accurately weighing 2.0g of melamine and 10.0mL of hydrochloric acid solution prepared in the step (1), adding the solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene lining reaction kettle, and stirring the solution uniformly at room temperature;
(3) And (3) carrying out hydro-thermal treatment on the product obtained in the step (2) at 180 ℃ for 10 hours, carrying out suction filtration to obtain a neutral system solution, placing the neutral system solution into a vacuum drying oven, and carrying out vacuum pumping at 60 ℃ for 6 hours.
(4) Calcining the product obtained in the step (3) for 2.0h in a nitrogen-introducing atmosphere at 500.0 ℃, and then grinding the obtained solid;
(5) Calcining the product obtained by grinding in the step (4) for 2.0h in a nitrogen-introducing atmosphere at the temperature of 600.0 ℃, and grinding the obtained product into powder to obtain the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalytic material, which is denoted as ox@CNB.
Example 2
(1) Accurately measuring concentrated hydrochloric acid (12 mol/L) with the volume of 10.0mL, adding deionized water, preparing 200.0mL hydrochloric acid solutions with different concentrations, and preparing the hydrochloric acid solutions with different concentrations for later use;
(2) Accurately weighing 2.0g of melamine and 10.0mL of hydrochloric acid solution prepared in the step (1), adding the solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene lining reaction kettle, and stirring the solution uniformly at room temperature;
(3) And (3) carrying out hydro-thermal treatment on the product obtained in the step (2) at the temperature of 130 ℃, 150 ℃ and 200 ℃ for 10 hours respectively, carrying out suction filtration to obtain a neutral system solution, placing the neutral system solution in a vacuum drying oven, and carrying out vacuum pumping and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 6 hours.
(4) Calcining the product obtained in the step (3) for 2.0h in a nitrogen-introducing atmosphere at 500.0 ℃, and then grinding the obtained solid;
(5) Calcining the product obtained by grinding in the step (4) for 2.0h in a nitrogen-introducing atmosphere at the temperature of 600.0 ℃, and grinding the obtained product into powder to obtain the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalytic material, which is denoted as ox@CNB.
Comparative example 1
(1) Accurately weighing 2g of melamine, calcining for 2.0 hours in a nitrogen-introducing atmosphere at 500.0 ℃, and then grinding the obtained solid;
(2) Calcining the product obtained by grinding in the step (1) for 2.0h in a nitrogen-introducing atmosphere at the temperature of 600.0 ℃, and grinding the obtained product into powder to obtain a blocky carbon nitride photocatalytic material, which is denoted as BCN.
Example 3
(1) Adding 0.1g of xylose and 10.0mL of KOH solution with different concentrations (the concentrations are respectively 0.1, 0.5, 1.0mol/L, 1.5mol/L and 2.0 mol/L) and 10mL of porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst prepared from the solution prepared by 10.0mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in example 1 into a pressure-resistant bottle;
(2) Adding a magneton into the system in the step (1), and stirring for 30min;
(3) Sealing the system in the step (2), performing illumination reaction for 30min at 50.0 ℃ by using a 300W xenon lamp, and filtering to remove the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst;
(4) And (3) measuring the synthesis amount of lactic acid from the filtrate obtained in the step (3) by using a high performance liquid chromatograph.
Example 4
(1) Adding a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst prepared from 0.1g of xylose, 10.0mL of a KOH solution with the concentration of 1.0mol/L and 10.0mg of a hydrochloric acid solution prepared from 10.0mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in example 1 into a pressure-resistant bottle;
(2) Adding a magneton into the system in the step (1), and stirring for 30min;
(3) Sealing the system in the step (2), respectively carrying out illumination reaction for 30min at 10.0 ℃, 20.0 ℃, 30.0 ℃, 40.0 ℃, 60.0 ℃, 70.0 ℃, 80.0 ℃ and 90.0 ℃ by using a xenon lamp with the power of 300W, and filtering to remove the porous hollow carbon nitride nano tube photocatalyst;
(4) And (3) measuring the synthesis amount of lactic acid from the filtrate obtained in the step (3) by using a high performance liquid chromatograph.
Example 5
(1) Adding a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst prepared from 0.1g of xylose, 10.0mL of a 1.0mol/L KOH solution and different dosages of a solution prepared from 10.0mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in example 1 into a pressure-resistant bottle; wherein the dosage of the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst is respectively 5.0mg, 20.0mg, 30.0mg, 40.0mg, 50mg and 70.0mg;
(2) Adding a magneton into the system in the step (1), and stirring for 30min;
(3) Sealing the system in the step (2), performing illumination reaction for 30min at 70.0 ℃ by using a 300W xenon lamp, and filtering to remove the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst;
(4) And (3) measuring the synthesis amount of lactic acid from the filtrate obtained in the step (3) by using a high performance liquid chromatograph.
Example 6
(1) A porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst prepared by taking 0.1g of xylose, 10.0mL of a 1.0mol/L KOH solution and 40.0mg of a solution prepared by 10.0mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in example 1 is added into a pressure-resistant bottle;
(2) Adding a magneton into the system in the step (1), and stirring for 30min;
(3) Sealing the system in the step (2), respectively reacting for 45min, 60min, 75min, 90.0min, 120.0min, 150.0min and 180.0min by using a xenon lamp with the power of 300W at the temperature of 70.0 ℃, and filtering to remove the porous hollow carbon nitride nano tube photocatalyst;
(4) And (3) measuring the synthesis amount of lactic acid from the filtrate obtained in the step (3) by using a high performance liquid chromatograph.
Example 7
(1) 1g of xylose, 100mL of a KOH solution of 1.0mol/L and 0.4g of a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst prepared from a solution prepared by 10.0mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in example 1 are taken and added into a pressure-resistant bottle;
(2) Adding a magneton into the system in the step (1), and stirring for 30min;
(3) Sealing the system in the step (2), performing illumination reaction for 60min at 70.0 ℃ by using a 300W xenon lamp, and filtering to remove the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst;
(4) Measuring the synthesis amount of lactic acid of the filtrate obtained in the step (3) by a high performance liquid chromatograph;
(5) Filtering the solution after the reaction in the step (3) to obtain a catalyst after the reaction, and placing the catalyst into a culture dish and drying the catalyst in an oven;
(6) Carrying out the 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th, 5 th, 6 th, 7 th, 8 th, 9 th and 10 th cycle experiments on the catalyst recovered in the step (5) according to the steps (1) to (5);
(7) And (3) measuring the synthesis amount of lactic acid from the filtrate obtained in each cycle of the step (6) by using a high performance liquid chromatograph.
Example 8
(1) A porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst prepared by taking 100g of xylose, 10000.0mL of a KOH solution with the concentration of 1.0mol/L and 40.0g of a solution prepared by 10.0mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in example 1 is added into a flat-bottomed flask;
(2) Stirring the system in the step (1) in a magnetic stirrer for 30min;
(3) Reacting the system in the step (2) for 60min at room temperature under sunlight irradiation while stirring, and filtering to remove the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst;
(4) And (3) measuring the synthesis amount of lactic acid from the filtrate obtained in the step (3) by using a high performance liquid chromatograph.
Fig. 1 is a transmission electron microscope spectrum of a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube catalyst ox@cnb prepared by using melamine as a nitrogen-containing compound and 10mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in example 1. As can be seen from the figure, the material is in a mesoporous tubular shape, and the surface is rich in mesopores, namely the material is a hollow porous nano material.
Fig. 2 is an FT-IR spectrum of a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst, where ox@cnb is a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube catalyst prepared by using melamine as a nitrogen-containing compound in example 1 and 10mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and BCN is a bulk carbon nitride photocatalyst prepared by using melamine as a nitrogen-containing compound in comparative example 1. As a result of investigation, ox@CNB was found to be 807cm -1 The peak at 3100 to 3600cm represents a typical s-triazine subunit -1 The peak in between corresponds to N-H stretching vibration, is lower than 2000cm -1 The peak of (2) is slightly shifted in the low frequency direction. 1650-1240cm -1 Stretching vibration of the corresponding c=n and c—n heterocycles.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different potassium hydroxide concentrations on the synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose by a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst in example 3. The concentration of base is an important parameter for carbohydrate conversion. It was found that as the reaction concentration increased, the conversion of xylose increased gradually, and the lactic acid yield increased gradually, the lactic acid yield reached a maximum when the concentration increased to 1.0mol/L, and the lactic acid yield decreased when the concentration increased again, probably due to the conversion of some of the lactic acid to other byproducts during the reaction.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of different reaction temperatures in example 4 and example 3 on the synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose by a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst, wherein the reaction temperatures in example 4 are 10.0 ℃, 20.0 ℃, 30.0 ℃, 40.0 ℃, 60.0 ℃, 70.0 ℃, 80.0 ℃ and 90.0 ℃ respectively, and the KOH solution concentration in example 3 is 1.0mol/L and the reaction temperature is 50 ℃. The reaction temperature is an important parameter for carbohydrate conversion. It was found that as the reaction temperature increased, the conversion of xylose increased gradually, the lactic acid yield increased gradually, and the lactic acid yield reached a maximum when the temperature increased to 70.0 ℃, and the lactic acid yield decreased when the temperature increased again, probably due to the conversion of some of the lactic acid to other byproducts during the reaction.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the different amounts of the catalyst in example 5 and example 4 on the synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose by the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst, wherein the amounts of the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst in example 5 are respectively 5.0mg, 20.0mg, 30.0mg, 40.0mg, 50.0mg and 70.0mg, the concentration of KOH solution in example 4 is 1.0mol/L, and the amount of the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst is 10.0mg. The amount of catalyst used is also an important parameter affecting xylose conversion. The effect of the amount of porous hollow carbon nitride nanotubes on the conversion of xylose to lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation was studied. It was found that as the amount of catalyst increased, the lactic acid yield increased. When the catalyst amount is more than 40.0mg, the yield of lactic acid is reduced to some extent. This may be due to the formation of intermediates on the catalyst surface by the reactants, which reduces the activation energy of the reaction. Therefore, the amount of the catalyst used is preferably 40.0mg as an optimal condition for further investigation of the catalytic process.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of different reaction times in examples 6 and 5 on the synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of xylose by using a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst, wherein the time of the photoreaction in example 6 is 45min, 60min, 75min, 90.0min, 120.0min, 150.0min and 180.0min, respectively, and the dosage of the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst in example 5 is 40.0mg, and the time of the photoreaction is 30min. The influence of different reaction time on the synthesis of lactic acid by the photocatalytic oxidation of xylose by the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube is explored. It was found that the yield of lactic acid tended to rise and then decrease. At a reaction time of 60.0min, the lactic acid yield reached a maximum. This is probably due to the fact that under the same conditions, the lactic acid produced is further reacted to produce other by-products as the reaction time is prolonged.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of the photocatalytic oxidation of xylose to lactic acid by the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst of example 7. The yield of the lactic acid of the catalyst can still reach 99.90% of the yield of the lactic acid of the first reaction after ten recovery cycle experimental reactions, which proves that the catalyst has better stability.
The foregoing examples are illustrative of part of the practice of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments, and any other changes, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that depart from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be equivalent thereto and are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The application of the porous hollow carbon nitride nano tube photocatalyst in the photocatalytic oxidation of xylose to lactic acid is characterized in that the preparation method of the porous hollow carbon nitride nano tube photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing a nitrogen-containing compound precursor with a hydrochloric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution, performing hydrothermal treatment for 8-12 h at the temperature of 130-200 ℃, performing suction filtration on the obtained system, drying the obtained solid, and calcining for 3.0-6.0 h at the temperature of 500.0-600.0 ℃;
wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the mixed solution is 0.1-2 mol/L; the ratio of the nitrogen-containing compound precursor to the hydrochloric acid solution is 2.0g: 5-20.0 mL; the nitrogen-containing compound precursor is urea, thiourea, dicyandiamide or melamine;
(2) Calcining the product obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 500.0-600.0 ℃ for 3.0-6.0 h to obtain a porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalytic material;
in the step (1) and the step (2), the calcining atmosphere is nitrogen.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein in step (1) the calcination temperature is 500.0 ℃ and the calcination time is 3.0h.
3. The use according to claim 1, wherein in step (2) the calcination temperature is 600.0 ℃ and the calcination time is 3.0h.
4. The use according to claim 1, wherein the porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst, xylose and alkali solution are uniformly mixed and subjected to photocatalytic reaction at 10.0-90.0 ℃ for 30.0-180.0 min.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.1 to 2.0mol/L.
6. The use according to claim 4, wherein the ratio of xylose to alkali solution to porous hollow carbon nitride nanotube photocatalyst is 0.05-0.2 g:10.0mL: 5.0-70.0 mg.
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