CN113322406A - Medium-entropy damping alloy and control forming method thereof - Google Patents
Medium-entropy damping alloy and control forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The medium-entropy damping alloy consists of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni in a molar ratio of 1:1:2: 2.0-2.2. The method for controlling the forming of the alloy comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of raw materials: polishing oxide skins on the surfaces of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni raw materials, weighing the raw materials after calculating the weight according to the molar ratio, putting the raw materials into absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning, and drying; (2) and (3) smelting: before smelting: putting into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, starting a mechanical pump, starting a molecular pump after the vacuum degree is lower than 5Pa, and continuously vacuumizing to 5 multiplied by 10‑3Closing valves of the molecular pump and the mechanical pump below Pa; filling high-purity argon; smelting: smelting the medium-entropy alloy, and turning an alloy ingot up and down each time so as to ensure that the components are uniform; taking out the button ingot obtained by smelting, cutting, and then putting into a spray casting crucible for spray casting; (3) processing treatment: and cutting the spray casting sample to be flat, and polishing after grinding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new metal materials, and relates to an Al-Cr-Fe-Ni series medium-entropy high-performance damping alloy and a control forming method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of society, the problems of noise and vibration gradually become the focus of attention of people, and the problems not only influence the daily life of people, but also seriously restrict the further development of the fields of navigation and aerospace. Therefore, the use of damping alloys to manufacture components to reduce vibration and noise has become an important area of research. The iron-chromium-based damping alloy has stronger radiation resistance, excellent mechanical property and processability, better corrosion resistance and damping capacity, and becomes the best choice for reducing vibration and noise. The damping mechanism of ferrochromium is the irreversible movement of the domain wall. When subjected to external alternating current vibration, the magnetic domain wall in the alloy moves in the opposite direction, forming magnetomechanical hysteresis, resulting in a hysteresis curve in the stress and strain relationship, resulting in energy dissipation.
However, the influence factors based on ferromagnetic damping are complex, the alloy treatment cost is high, and the damping performance is unstable. The method develops Fe through component design and gradual optimization treatment based on the adjustable characteristics of a Body Centered Cubic (BCC) phase and a Face Centered Cubic (FCC) phase in the medium-entropy alloy2CrAl NixThe medium-entropy damping alloy has excellent damping performance, good strength and plasticity, and is a good choice for damping alloys in the fields of high strength and corrosion resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the Invention
The invention provides components and a preparation method of an Al-Cr-Fe-Ni series intermediate entropy alloy, and aims to develop the Al-Cr-Fe-Ni series intermediate entropy alloy with non-equal molar ratio by using several kinds of commonly used low-price metals in the industry, reduce the production cost while having high damping performance, and lay a foundation for industrial production and application.
Technical scheme
The medium-entropy damping alloy consists of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni, wherein the molar ratio of the Al to Cr to Fe to Ni is 1:1:2: 2.0-2.3.
The controlled forming method of the alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: respectively polishing oxide skins on the surfaces of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni raw materials with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9% by using a grinding wheel machine and a file, weighing the raw materials by using a balance with the precision of 0.001g after calculating the weight according to the molar ratio of the Al, Cr, Fe and Ni elements, putting the raw materials into a beaker filled with absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 9-11 minutes, and then drying;
(2) and (3) smelting:
before smelting: placing the dried raw materials into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, closing a furnace door, starting a mechanical pump, starting a molecular pump when the vacuum degree is lower than 5Pa, and continuously vacuumizing to 5 multiplied by 10-3Closing valves of the mechanical pump and the molecular pump below Pa; filling high-purity argon;
smelting: smelting the medium-entropy alloy for 4-6 times, and turning an alloy ingot up and down for 180 degrees each time so as to ensure that the components are uniform;
taking out and cutting the obtained button ingot, placing the button ingot into a crucible for spray casting, cooling the button ingot in a steel mold or a copper mold, wherein the size of a cooling cavity is 2-6 mm multiplied by 14-18 mm multiplied by 35-60 mm, and ensuring to form a body-centered cubic BCC and a face-centered cubic FCC dual-phase structure after cooling, wherein a phase with a large volume fraction is a matrix phase, a phase with a small volume fraction is a second phase which is mainly distributed on the matrix, the volume fraction of the second phase is more than 8% and less than 50%, and the atmosphere of a spray casting furnace is controlled to be the same as that of an electric arc furnace;
(3) processing treatment: cutting the spray casting sample to be flat by using a linear cutting mode, and polishing after polishing by using sand paper.
The medium entropy damping alloy with the BCC matrix and the FCC second phase, which is formed by the method, has the double damping characteristics of multiphase interface damping and ferromagnetic damping, and has the damping performance Q at room temperature-10.066-0.070; the alloy has good comprehensive mechanical properties, the yield strength of the alloy in a compressed state is not lower than 1000MPa, and the fracture strength is not lowAt 2900MPa, the plastic strain is greater than 29%.
Advantages and effects
The Al-Cr-Fe-Ni system entropy alloy component in the invention does not contain precious metals and rare elements, so that the cost is obviously reduced, and the entropy alloy not only can form a simple and stable two-phase solid solution structure, but also has more excellent performance than other damping alloys; the product of the invention can implement industrial production after being converted, and is suitable for wide application.
The medium entropy alloy of the invention is BCC and FCC two-phase solid solution structure, AlCrFe2Nix(x ═ 2.0,2.1,2.3) the medium entropy alloy having a BCC matrix and a FCC second phase has a yield strength at room temperature compression of greater than 1000MPa, a fracture strength of not less than 2900MPa and a plastic strain of greater than 29%. Damping performance at room temperature Q-10.066-0.070.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows that the medium entropy alloy AlCrFe prepared by the invention2Nix(X ═ 2.0,2.1,2.3) X-ray diffraction pattern;
FIG. 2(a) is an AlCrFe alloy of the present invention2Nix(x ═ 2.0) electron backscatter diffraction patterns,
FIG. 2(b) is an AlCrFe alloy of the present invention2Nix(x ═ 2.1) electron backscatter diffraction analysis plot,
FIG. 2(c) is an AlCrFe alloy of the present invention2Nix(x ═ 2.3) electron backscatter diffraction patterns;
FIG. 3 shows three medium entropy alloys AlCrFe of the invention2Nix(x ═ 2.0,2.1,2.3) damping performance plot;
FIG. 4 shows three medium entropy alloys AlCrFe of the invention2Nix(x ═ 2.0,2.1,2.3) room temperature compressive stress strain curve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1
The medium-entropy damping alloy consists of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni, wherein the molar ratio of the Al to Cr to Fe to Ni is 1:1:2: 2.0.
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: respectively polishing oxide skins on the surfaces of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni raw materials with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9% by using a grinding wheel machine and a file, wherein the molar ratios of the Al, Cr, Fe and Ni elements are as follows in sequence: 1:1:2:2.0 calculating the weight, weighing the raw materials by using a balance with the precision of 0.001g, then putting the raw materials into a beaker filled with absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 10 minutes, and then drying;
(2) and (3) smelting:
before smelting: placing the dried raw materials into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, closing a furnace door, starting a mechanical pump, starting a molecular pump when the vacuum degree is lower than 5Pa, and continuously vacuumizing to 5 multiplied by 10-3Closing valves of the mechanical pump and the molecular pump below Pa; high-purity argon is filled.
Smelting: smelting the alloy for 5 times, and turning 180 degrees each time so as to ensure that the components are uniform;
taking out and cutting the obtained button ingot, placing the button ingot into a crucible for spray casting, cooling the button ingot in a steel mould or a copper mould, wherein the size of a cooling cavity is 2mm multiplied by 14mm multiplied by 35mm, and ensuring to form a body-centered cubic BCC matrix and a face-centered cubic FCC matrix dual-phase structure after cooling, wherein the face-centered cubic FCC phase is mainly distributed on the body-centered cubic BCC matrix as a second phase, the volume fraction of the face-centered cubic FCC phase is more than 8 percent and less than 50 percent, and the atmosphere control of a spray casting furnace is the same as that of an electric arc furnace;
(3) processing treatment: and cutting and flattening the test sample obtained by spray casting in a linear cutting mode, and polishing after polishing by using sand paper.
Example 2
The medium-entropy damping alloy consists of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni, wherein the molar ratio of the Al to Cr to Fe to Ni is 1:1:2: 2.1.
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: respectively polishing oxide skins on the surfaces of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni raw materials with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9% by using a grinding wheel machine and a file, wherein the molar ratios of the Al, Cr, Fe and Ni elements are as follows in sequence: 1:1:2:2.1 after calculating the weight, weighing the raw materials by using a balance with the precision of 0.001g, then putting the raw materials into a beaker filled with absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 10 minutes, and then drying;
(2) and (3) smelting:
before smelting: placing the dried raw materials into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, closing a furnace door, starting a mechanical pump, starting a molecular pump when the vacuum degree is lower than 5Pa, and continuously vacuumizing to 5 multiplied by 10-3Closing valves of the mechanical pump and the molecular pump below Pa; high-purity argon is filled.
Smelting: smelting the alloy for 5 times, and turning 180 degrees each time so as to ensure that the components are uniform;
taking out and cutting the obtained button ingot, placing the button ingot into a crucible for spray casting, cooling the button ingot in a steel mould or a copper mould, wherein the size of a cooling cavity is 2mm multiplied by 14mm multiplied by 35mm, and ensuring to form a body-centered cubic BCC matrix and a face-centered cubic FCC matrix dual-phase structure after cooling, wherein the face-centered cubic FCC is mainly distributed on a crystal boundary of the body-centered cubic BCC matrix as a second phase, the volume fraction of the face-centered cubic FCC is more than 8 percent and less than 50 percent, and the atmosphere of a spray casting furnace is controlled to be the same as that of an electric arc furnace;
(3) processing treatment: and cutting and flattening the test sample obtained by spray casting in a linear cutting mode, and polishing after polishing by using sand paper.
Example 3
The medium-entropy damping alloy consists of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni, wherein the molar ratio of the Al to Cr to Fe to Ni is 1:1:2: 2.3.
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: respectively polishing oxide skins on the surfaces of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni raw materials with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9% by using a grinding wheel machine and a file, wherein the molar ratios of the Al, Cr, Fe and Ni elements are as follows in sequence: 1:1:2:2.3 after calculating the weight, weighing the raw materials by using a balance with the precision of 0.001g, then putting the raw materials into a beaker filled with absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 10 minutes, and then drying;
(2) and (3) smelting:
before smelting: placing the dried raw materials into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, closing a furnace door, starting a mechanical pump, starting a molecular pump when the vacuum degree is lower than 5Pa, and continuously vacuumizing to 5 multiplied by 10-3Closing valves of the mechanical pump and the molecular pump below Pa; high-purity argon is filled.
Smelting: smelting the alloy for 5 times, and turning 180 degrees each time so as to ensure that the components are uniform;
taking out and cutting the obtained button ingot, placing the button ingot into a crucible for spray casting, cooling the button ingot in a steel mold or a copper mold, wherein the size of a cooling cavity is 2mm multiplied by 14mm multiplied by 35mm, a face-centered cubic FCC matrix and a body-centered cubic FCC matrix dual-phase structure are ensured to be formed after cooling, the body-centered cubic BCC is mainly distributed on the face-centered cubic FCC matrix as a second phase, the volume fraction of the body-centered cubic BCC is more than 8 percent and less than 50 percent, and the atmosphere control of a spray casting furnace is the same as that of an electric arc furnace;
(3) processing treatment: and cutting and flattening the test sample obtained by spray casting in a linear cutting mode, and polishing after polishing by using sand paper.
The medium entropy damping alloy with the BCC matrix and the FCC second phase, which is formed by the method, has the double damping characteristics of multiphase interface damping and ferromagnetic damping, and has the damping performance Q at room temperature-10.066-0.070; the alloy has good comprehensive mechanical properties, the yield strength of the alloy in a compression state is not lower than 1000MPa, the fracture strength is not lower than 2900MPa, and the plastic strain is greater than 29%.
Experiments show that:
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern: when x is 2.0,2.1, 23, the alloy is composed of a BCC and FCC two-phase structure, and the intensity of the diffraction peak of the BCC phase decreases and the intensity of the diffraction peak of the BCC phase increases as the value of x increases.
FIG. 2(a) is an AlCrFe alloy of the present invention2Nix(x ═ 2.0) electron back-scattered diffraction patterns, the alloy consisting of a BCC matrix and a FCC phase distributed over the matrix, with corresponding volume fractions of 91.5% and 8.5%, respectively.
FIG. 2(b) is an AlCrFe alloy of the present invention2Nix(x ═ 2.1) electron back-scattered diffraction analysis, the alloy consisting of a BCC matrix and a FCC phase distributed over the matrix, with corresponding volume fractions of 89.2% and 10.8%, respectively.
FIG. 2(c) is an AlCrFe alloy of the present invention2Nix(x ═ 2.3) electron back-scattered diffraction pattern, the alloy consisting of an FCC matrix and a BCC phase distributed over the matrix, the corresponding volume fractionThe number is 83.8% and 16.2%, respectively;
FIG. 3 shows three medium entropy alloys AlCrFe of the invention2Nix(x is 2.0,2.1,2.3) damping performance graph, and when x is 2.0,2.1, damping performance Q of alloy-1The damping performance Q of the alloy is 0.066-0.070, and x is 2.3-1<0.066-0.070, wherein the alloy is composed of a BCC matrix and an FCC second phase when x is 2.0 and 2.1, so that the alloy has ferromagnetic damping caused by the BCC phase and interface damping between the BCC phase and the FCC phase;
FIG. 4 shows three medium entropy alloys AlCrFe of the invention2Nix(x ═ 2.0,2.1,2.3) room temperature compressive stress strain curve. When x is 2.0, and when 2.1, the alloy is composed of BCC and FCC two-phase structure, the yield strength of the alloy in compression state is not less than 1000MPa, the breaking strength is not less than 2900MPa, and the plastic strain is more than 29%. When x is 2.3, the alloy is made of FCC matrix, the alloy is not fractured under the compression state, and the yield strength of the alloy is high<1000MPa。
Claims (8)
1. The medium-entropy damping alloy is characterized by consisting of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni, wherein the molar ratio of the components of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni is 1:1:2: 2.0-2.3.
2. A controlled forming method of a medium entropy damping alloy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: polishing oxide skins on the surfaces of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni raw materials, weighing the raw materials after calculating the weight according to the molar ratio of the Al, Cr, Fe and Ni elements, putting the raw materials into a beaker filled with absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning and drying;
(2) and (3) smelting:
before smelting: placing the dried raw materials into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, closing a furnace door, starting a mechanical pump, starting a molecular pump when the vacuum degree is lower than 5Pa, and continuously vacuumizing to 5 multiplied by 10-3Closing valves of the molecular pump and the mechanical pump below Pa; filling high-purity argon;
smelting: smelting the medium-entropy alloy for 5 times, and turning an alloy ingot up and down for 180 degrees each time so as to ensure uniform components;
taking out the button ingot obtained by smelting, cutting, and then putting into a spray casting crucible for spray casting, wherein the atmosphere control of a spray casting furnace is the same as that of an electric arc furnace;
(3) processing treatment: cutting the spray casting sample to make the surface flat, and polishing after grinding.
3. A controlled forming method of a mid-entropy damping alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and (2) respectively polishing the oxide skin on the surface of the Al, Cr, Fe and Ni with a grinder and a file, wherein the purities of the Al, Cr, Fe and Ni are more than or equal to 99.9%.
4. A controlled forming method of a mid-entropy damping alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and (2) weighing the Al, the Cr, the Fe and the Ni in the step (1) by using a balance with the precision of 0.001 g.
5. A controlled forming method of a mid-entropy damping alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and (2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 10 minutes in the step (1), wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40 kHz.
6. A controlled forming method of a mid-entropy damping alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
and (3) the cooling die used in the spray casting in the step (2) is a steel die or a copper die, the size of the cooling cavity is 2-6 mm multiplied by 14-18 mm multiplied by 35-60 mm, and a body centered cubic BCC and face centered cubic FCC dual-phase structure is formed after cooling, wherein the phase with a large volume fraction is a matrix phase, the phase with a small volume fraction is a second phase, and the second phase is mainly distributed on the matrix, and the volume fraction of the second phase is more than 8% and less than 50%.
7. A controlled forming method of a mid-entropy damping alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
and (3) cutting and flattening the test sample obtained by spray casting in a linear cutting mode, wherein sand paper is used for grinding.
8. A controlled forming method of a mid-entropy damping alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the medium entropy damping alloy with the BCC matrix and the FCC second phase, which is formed by the method, has the double damping characteristics of multiphase interface damping and ferromagnetic damping, and has the damping performance Q at room temperature-10.066-0.070; the alloy has comprehensive mechanical properties, the yield strength of the alloy in a compression state is not lower than 1000MPa, the fracture strength is not lower than 2900MPa, and the plastic strain is more than 29 percent.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114058923A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-02-18 | 桂林理工大学 | Quaternary eutectic high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114774785A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-07-22 | 郑州大学 | Low-cost high-performance iron-based medium-entropy alloy |
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Application publication date: 20210831 |