CN113188676B - Temperature sensing system and measuring method based on optical fiber self-phase modulation effect - Google Patents
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
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- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XHGGEBRKUWZHEK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tellurate Chemical compound [O-][Te]([O-])(=O)=O XHGGEBRKUWZHEK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention provides a temperature sensing system and a measuring method based on an optical fiber self-phase modulation effect, wherein the system comprises a light source module, an optical fiber sensing module, a temperature adjusting module and a detecting module; the optical fiber sensing module is connected with the detection module; when measuring the temperature, firstly determining the thermo-optic coefficient and the thermal expansion coefficient of the sensing optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing module; then obtaining the nonlinear coefficient and the group velocity dispersion of the sensing optical fiber at different temperatures to be measured; determining broadening factors of self-phase modulation effect induced spectrums at different temperatures to be measured; and measuring the temperature according to the difference of the self-phase modulation effect sensing frequency spectrum bandwidth of the sensing optical fiber at different temperatures to be measured, and calculating to obtain the temperature sensing sensitivity. The temperature measuring method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple system structure, high mechanical strength, full optical fiber, high measuring sensitivity and strong real-time property, and is an effective means for realizing temperature detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical sensing, and particularly relates to a temperature sensing system and a temperature measuring method based on an optical fiber self-phase modulation effect.
Background
With the rapid development in the fields of military affairs, aerospace, biomedicine, building construction and the like, the optical fiber sensor is favored in the detection field due to the advantages of small volume, corrosion resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, the working principle of the optical fiber sensor is that light beams incident from a light source are sent into a modulator through an optical fiber and interact with external measured parameters in the modulator, so that the optical properties of the light, such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, polarization state and the like, are changed, and modulated light signals are sent into a photoelectric device through the optical fiber and then are demodulated to obtain the measured parameters. The optical fiber temperature sensor is the first developed and most widely applied sensor, and the most important optical fiber temperature sensor comprises: distributed temperature sensors, interferometric temperature sensors, fluorescent temperature sensors. In recent years, the development of optical fiber temperature sensors is heading for high sensitivity, high mechanical strength, high detection accuracy, large dynamic range and intellectualization.
Self-phase modulation is a nonlinear phenomenon of an optical fiber, when an optical pulse is transmitted in the optical fiber, because the refractive index of the optical fiber has nonlinear characteristics, when the refractive index of the optical fiber is changed due to the change of the electric field intensity in the optical fiber, the phase of a signal transmitted in the optical fiber is also changed, and the change of the self-phase of the signal caused by the change of the self-electric field intensity of the signal is called self-phase modulation. Generally, the self-phase modulation effect gradually broadens the signal spectrum, which broadening is related to the pulse shape of the signal and the dispersion of the fiber. In the normal dispersion region of the fiber, the self-phase modulation causes the optical signal to undergo a temporarily large broadening due to the dispersion effect; in the anomalous dispersion region, the dispersion effect and the self-phase modulation effect of the optical fiber may compensate each other, thereby causing less broadening of the signal. The self-phase modulation effect is widely applied to the fields of all-optical regeneration, optical fiber communication, optical switches and the like. The self-phase modulation effect is easy to generate and observe in the optical fiber, and has low requirements on the optical fiber structure, so that the self-phase modulation effect provides a new effective way for developing an optical fiber temperature sensor with low cost, high sensitivity, high mechanical strength and compact structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing optical fiber temperature sensor, the invention aims to provide a temperature sensing system and a temperature measuring method based on an optical fiber self-phase modulation effect, which apply optical fiber nonlinearity to optical fiber sensing detection and realize the aims of low cost, high sensitivity, high mechanical strength and compact structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the temperature sensing system based on the optical fiber self-phase modulation effect comprises a light source module, an optical fiber sensing module, a temperature adjusting module and a detection module, wherein the light source module is connected with the optical fiber sensing module; the optical fiber sensing module consists of a microstructure sensing optical fiber and a common optical fiber, two ends of the microstructure sensing optical fiber are respectively welded with a section of the common optical fiber to form a three-section type integral structure, and the microstructure sensing optical fiber comprises a cladding, air holes in the cladding and a hexagonal fiber core formed by surrounding inner-layer air holes;
the light source module is used for providing a light pulse signal;
the temperature adjusting module is used for changing the temperature to be measured;
the optical fiber sensing module is used for detecting the temperature of the temperature adjusting module;
the detection module is used for displaying the change of the spectrum generated by the self-phase modulation effect.
The diameter range of an inscribed circle of a hexagonal fiber core of the microstructure sensing fiber is 5-20 microns, the diameter range of a cladding is 125-200 microns, the diameter range of air holes in the cladding is 2-20 microns, and the interval range of the air holes is 10-50 microns; the length range of the microstructure sensing optical fiber is 20-50cm.
The microstructure sensing optical fiber material comprises a quartz optical fiber, a tellurate optical fiber, a sulfide optical fiber and a fluoride optical fiber, and the common optical fiber comprises a multimode optical fiber and a single mode optical fiber.
The light source module is an all-fiber mode-locked laser, the working wavelength of output laser is 1560nm, and the pulse width is 200fs.
The temperature adjusting module comprises a water bath heating pot, a constant temperature and humidity box and a heating electric coil.
The detection module comprises a spectrometer and an oscilloscope.
A temperature measurement method adopting a temperature sensing system based on an optical fiber self-phase modulation effect comprises the following steps:
step 1: drawing a microstructure sensing optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing module, and measuring a thermo-optic coefficient and a thermal expansion coefficient of the microstructure sensing optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing module;
step 2: calculating the effective mode area of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber;
and step 3: changing the temperature to be measured through a temperature adjusting module, and calculating the nonlinear coefficient and the group velocity dispersion of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber at different temperatures;
and 4, step 4: measuring the broadening size sigma of the spectrum of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber under the self-phase modulation effect at different temperatures by using a detection module;
and 5: calculating the broadening factor sigma/sigma of the self-phase modulation effect induced spectrum of the drawn microstructure sensing fiber at different temperatures 0 ：
In the formula, σ 0 Represents the initial spectral width, phi max The maximum nonlinear displacement of the self-phase modulation sensing frequency spectrum of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature is represented, L represents the length of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature, and L represents the length of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature D The dispersion length of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature is represented;
wherein,
in the formula, L eff Represents the effective length L of the microstructure sensing fiber at a certain temperature NL The nonlinear length of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature is shown, alpha is the loss of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature, gamma is the nonlinear coefficient of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature, and P is 0 Representing the peak power of the optical pulse;
step 6: calculating the difference delta sigma of the bandwidth of the self-phase modulation effect induced spectrum of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber at different temperatures, and expressing the difference delta sigma as follows:
and 7: calculating the temperature C of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber at different temperatures 1 、C 2 The temperature sensing sensitivity S of the following self-phase modulation effect is expressed as:
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a temperature sensing system and a measuring method based on an optical fiber self-phase modulation effect, based on optical signal spectrum broadening caused by the optical fiber self-phase modulation effect, when the temperature to be measured changes, the optical fiber group velocity dispersion and the nonlinear coefficient of an optical fiber sensing module change, the optical signal spectral bandwidth output by the optical fiber self-phase modulation effect changes, the temperature sensing is realized by detecting the change of the optical signal spectrum 3dB bandwidth, and the temperature sensing system and the measuring method are applied to the optical fiber sensing field, and compared with the traditional optical fiber temperature sensor, the temperature sensing system has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity, high mechanical strength and compact full optical fiber structure; and the requirements on the optical fiber structure and the material are low, and the realization and the detection are easy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a temperature sensing system based on an optical fiber self-phase modulation effect according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a microstructured optical fiber according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a group velocity dispersion change scattergram of the microstructured optical fiber of the present invention at different temperatures to be measured.
FIG. 4 is a non-linear coefficient variation scattergram of the microstructured optical fiber of the present invention at different temperatures to be measured.
Fig. 5 is a graph of a spectrum measured by the temperature sensing system of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of temperature measurement sensitivity for the temperature sensing system of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a temperature measurement method using a temperature sensing system based on the fiber optic self-phase modulation effect according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a temperature sensing system based on an optical fiber self-phase modulation effect comprises a light source module, an optical fiber sensing module, a temperature adjusting module and a detection module, wherein the light source module is connected with the optical fiber sensing module, and the optical fiber sensing module is connected with the detection module; the optical fiber sensing module consists of a microstructure sensing optical fiber and a common optical fiber, two ends of the microstructure sensing optical fiber are respectively welded with a section of the common optical fiber to form a three-section type integral structure, and the microstructure sensing optical fiber comprises a cladding, air holes in the cladding and a hexagonal fiber core formed by surrounding inner-layer air holes;
the light source module is used for providing a light pulse signal;
the temperature adjusting module is used for changing the temperature to be measured;
the optical fiber sensing module is used for detecting the temperature of the temperature adjusting module;
the detection module is used for displaying the change of the spectrum generated by the phase modulation effect.
The diameter range of an inscribed circle of a hexagonal fiber core of the microstructure sensing fiber is 5-20 mu m, the diameter range of a cladding is 125-200 mu m, the diameter range of a hollow air hole in the cladding is 2-20 mu m, and the interval range of the air hole is 10-50 mu m; the length range of the microstructure sensing optical fiber is 20-50cm.
The microstructure sensing optical fiber material comprises a quartz optical fiber, a tellurate optical fiber, a sulfide optical fiber and a fluoride optical fiber, and common optical fibers are divided into a multimode optical fiber and a single mode optical fiber according to the number of transmission modes.
The light source module is an all-fiber mode-locked laser, and the working wavelength of output laser is 1560nm.
The temperature regulation module comprises a water bath heating pot, a constant temperature and humidity box and a heating electric coil.
The detection module comprises a spectrometer and an oscilloscope.
The principle of the temperature sensing system for realizing temperature sensing is described as follows: when the optical pulse pumped by the light source module is transmitted to the optical fiber sensing module, the optical pulse is coupled in the optical fiber sensing module, so that the fiber core generates a self-phase modulation effect and is transmitted to the detection module, and when the temperature adjusting module arranged near the optical fiber sensing module changes the temperature to be detected, the detection module displays the change of the optical signal spectrum.
The realization demonstration process of the principle is as follows:
when an optical pulse is transmitted in the optical fiber, a nonlinear schrodinger equation can be used to describe the optical pulse in the transmission situation:
wherein i represents an imaginary unit and a represents the slowly varying envelope amplitude of the optical pulse; t = T-z/v g T is in v g Is a time measurement in a reference frame of motion speed; z represents an optical pulse transmission distance; t represents the optical pulse transmission time; v. of g Represents group velocity; beta is a 2 Group velocity dispersion, also known as second-order dispersion; alpha is the attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber and represents the energy attenuation of the optical pulse during transmission in the optical fiber; gamma is a nonlinear coefficient. The optical pulse spectrum is broadened by the self-phase modulation effect of the optical fiber, and meanwhile, the dispersion effect of the optical fiber has a certain influence on the broadening of the optical pulse spectrum, so that the broadening factor sigma/sigma of the optical pulse spectrum 0 Can be expressed as:
where σ is the magnitude of the spectral broadening induced by self-phase modulation, σ 0 Is the initial spectral width, phi max ＝L eff /L NL ＝γP 0 L eff ，L eff ＝[1-exp(-αL)]/α，L D ＝T 0 2 /|β 2 |，L NL ＝1/γP 0 The maximum nonlinear phase shift, the effective length of the optical fiber, the dispersion length of the optical fiber and the nonlinear length of the optical fiber, which are generated by the optical pulse caused by self-phase modulation, are respectively referred to; t is 0 A time domain pulse width representing the optical pulse; p is 0 Represents the peak power of the optical pulse; l represents the actual fiber length. It can be seen from the above formula that the optical pulse spectrum broadening is closely related to the group velocity dispersion and the nonlinear coefficient, and when the temperature to be measured is adjusted, the values of the group velocity dispersion and the nonlinear coefficient will change due to the thermo-optic effect and the thermal expansion effect of the micro-structured fiber in the fiber sensor, so that the optical signal spectrum undergoes different degrees of broadening, and the difference of the spectrum broadening at different temperatures to be measuredSquare of variance Δ σ 2 Expressed as:
wherein Δ σ represents a difference in spectral broadening, φ' m ' ax 、φ' max Represents the maximum nonlinear phase shift at two different temperatures; l' D And L' D Representing the dispersion length of the fiber at two different temperatures.
Therefore, the principle of temperature sensing can be realized by observing the difference of optical signal spectrum broadening caused by the self-phase modulation effect at different temperatures to be measured.
The temperature sensing sensitivity S based on the self-phase modulation effect can be expressed as:
wherein C represents temperature;
as shown in fig. 7, a temperature measurement method using a temperature sensing system based on an optical fiber self-phase modulation effect utilizes a microstructure sensing optical fiber to induce spectrum broadening under different temperatures to be measured, calculates a variation of a spectrum bandwidth under different temperatures to be measured, and reversely deduces the temperature, and specifically includes the following steps:
step 1: drawing a microstructure sensing optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing module, and measuring a thermo-optic coefficient and a thermal expansion coefficient of the microstructure sensing optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing module; the microstructure sensing optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing module is drawn by using an optical fiber drawing tower, the thermo-optic coefficient is measured by using a prism coupler SPA-4000, and the thermal expansion coefficient is measured by using a PCY-G high-precision thermal expansion instrument;
step 2: calculating the effective Mode area of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber, and calculating the effective Mode area A by importing the parameters of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber into commercial software Mode solutions eff ；
And step 3: changing the temperature to be measured through a temperature adjusting module, and calculating the nonlinear coefficient and the group velocity dispersion of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber at different temperatures;
and 4, step 4: measuring the broadening size sigma of the spectrum of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber under the self-phase modulation effect at different temperatures by using a detection module;
and 5: calculating the broadening factor sigma/sigma of the self-phase modulation effect induced spectrum of the drawn microstructure sensing fiber at different temperatures 0 ：
In the formula, σ 0 Represents the initial spectral width, phi max The maximum nonlinear displacement of the self-phase modulation induction spectrum of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature is represented, L represents the length of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature, and L represents the length of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature D The dispersion length of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature is represented;
wherein,
in the formula, L eff Represents the effective length L of the microstructure sensing fiber at a certain temperature NL The nonlinear length of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature is shown, alpha is the loss of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature, gamma is the nonlinear coefficient of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature, and P is 0 Representing the peak power of the optical pulse;
step 6: calculating the difference delta sigma of the bandwidth of the self-phase modulation effect induced spectrum of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber at different temperatures, and expressing the difference delta sigma as follows:
and 7: calculating the temperature C of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber at different temperatures 1 、C 2 Temperature transmission of lower self-phase modulation effectThe sensitivity S is expressed as:
the preferred specific structure of a temperature sensing system of the invention is as follows: the light source module (1) adopts an all-fiber mode-locked laser, the output light pulse working wavelength is 1560nm (nanometer), the microstructure fiber in the fiber sensing module (2) adopts a quartz fiber, the diameter of the fiber is 125 mu m, the length of the fiber is 50cm, the transverse cross-sectional view of the fiber is shown in figure 2, the diameter of the fiber core (5) is 8 mu m (micrometer), the diameter of the air hole (6) is 3.8 mu m, the interval of the air hole (7) is 10 mu m, and the common fiber adopts a multimode fiber;
the temperature adjusting module (3) is a water bath heating pot, the optical fiber sensing module (2) is fixed right above the water bath heating pot, and the optical fiber sensing module is positioned in different temperature environments by changing the heating temperature;
the detection module (4) is a YOKOGAWA AQ6375B spectrometer;
as shown in fig. 1, one end of the optical fiber sensing module (2) is welded with the light source module (1), and the other end of the optical fiber sensing module (2) is welded with the detection module (4);
an optical pulse signal with the working wavelength of 1560nm and the average pumping power of 200mW is output by the all-fiber mode-locked laser and transmitted to the microstructure quartz optical fiber sensor; the optical pulse is coupled into the fiber core of the microstructure quartz optical fiber sensor, generates optical signal spectrum broadening through self-phase modulation effect and is transmitted to the spectrometer; in the experimental process, the temperature to be measured is changed by a water bath heating pot, the temperature is respectively 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃ and 75 ℃, the corresponding fiber sensor group velocity dispersion change scatter diagram is shown in figure 3, and the corresponding fiber sensor nonlinear coefficient change scatter diagram is shown in figure 4;
an output spectrum of the self-phase modulation effect at the temperature to be measured of 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃ and 75 ℃ is displayed through a spectrometer, as shown in fig. 5, the change of the 3dB bandwidth of the output spectrum of the self-phase modulation effect is calculated, temperature sensing is realized, and the calculated fit line formula is y =0.381 x +97.331, so that the temperature sensitivity is 0.381 nm/DEG C, as shown in fig. 6.
Claims (5)
1. A temperature sensing system based on an optical fiber self-phase modulation effect is characterized by comprising a light source module, an optical fiber sensing module, a temperature adjusting module and a detection module, wherein the light source module is connected with the optical fiber sensing module; the optical fiber sensing module consists of a microstructure sensing optical fiber and a common optical fiber, two ends of the microstructure sensing optical fiber are respectively welded with a section of the common optical fiber to form a three-section type integral structure, and the microstructure sensing optical fiber comprises a cladding, air holes in the cladding and a hexagonal fiber core formed by surrounding inner-layer air holes;
the light source module is used for providing a light pulse signal;
the temperature adjusting module is used for changing the temperature to be measured;
the optical fiber sensing module is used for detecting the temperature of the temperature adjusting module;
the detection module is used for displaying the change of the spectrum generated by the self-phase modulation effect;
the diameter range of an inscribed circle of a hexagonal fiber core of the microstructure sensing fiber is 5-20 microns, the diameter range of a cladding is 125-200 microns, the diameter range of air holes in the cladding is 2-20 microns, and the interval range of the air holes is 10-50 microns; the length range of the microstructure sensing optical fiber is 20-50cm;
the light source module is an all-fiber mode-locked laser, the working wavelength of output laser is 1560nm, and the pulse width is 200fs.
2. The temperature sensing system based on the optical fiber self-phase modulation effect according to claim 1, wherein the microstructure sensing optical fiber material comprises a quartz optical fiber, a tellurate optical fiber, a sulfide optical fiber and a fluoride optical fiber, and the common optical fiber comprises a multimode optical fiber and a single mode optical fiber.
3. The temperature sensing system based on the optical fiber self-phase modulation effect according to claim 1, wherein the temperature adjusting module comprises a water bath heating pot, a constant temperature and humidity chamber and a heating electric coil.
4. The temperature sensing system based on the fiber self-phase modulation effect according to claim 1, wherein the detection module comprises a spectrometer and an oscilloscope.
5. A temperature measurement method using the temperature sensing system based on the fiber self-phase modulation effect according to claim 1, comprising:
step 1: drawing a microstructure sensing optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing module, and measuring a thermo-optic coefficient and a thermal expansion coefficient of the microstructure sensing optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing module;
step 2: calculating the effective mode area of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber;
and 3, step 3: changing the temperature to be measured through a temperature adjusting module, and calculating the nonlinear coefficient and the group velocity dispersion of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber at different temperatures;
and 4, step 4: measuring the broadening size sigma of a spectrum of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber under the self-phase modulation effect at different temperatures by using a detection module;
and 5: calculating the broadening factor sigma/sigma of the self-phase modulation effect induced spectrum of the drawn microstructure sensing fiber at different temperatures 0 ：
In the formula, σ 0 Represents the initial spectral width, phi max The maximum nonlinear displacement of the self-phase modulation sensing frequency spectrum of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature is represented, L represents the length of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature, and L represents the length of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature D The dispersion length of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature is represented;
wherein,
in the formula, L eff Represents the effective length L of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature NL The nonlinear length of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature is shown, alpha is the loss of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature, gamma is the nonlinear coefficient of the microstructure sensing optical fiber at a certain temperature, and P is 0 Representing the peak power of the optical pulse;
step 6: calculating the difference delta sigma of the bandwidth of the self-phase modulation effect induced spectrum of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber at different temperatures, and expressing the difference delta sigma as follows:
and 7: calculating the temperature C of the drawn microstructure sensing optical fiber at different temperatures 1 、C 2 The temperature sensing sensitivity S of the lower self-phase modulation effect is expressed as:
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| CN101118301A (en) * | 2007-07-19 | 2008-02-06 | 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 | High non-linearity photon crystal optical fiber with color dispersion plainness characteristic in long wavelength |
| JP2008203094A (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-09-04 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Optical fiber temperature sensor, and method of measuring temperature using the same |
| CN106568466A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-04-19 | 暨南大学 | Fine core microstructure optical fiber interferometer sensor and temperature and strain detection method therefor |
| CN111277328A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-12 | 电子科技大学 | System and method for measuring group velocity dispersion in optical waveguide |
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| JP2008203094A (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-09-04 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Optical fiber temperature sensor, and method of measuring temperature using the same |
| CN101118301A (en) * | 2007-07-19 | 2008-02-06 | 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 | High non-linearity photon crystal optical fiber with color dispersion plainness characteristic in long wavelength |
| CN106568466A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-04-19 | 暨南大学 | Fine core microstructure optical fiber interferometer sensor and temperature and strain detection method therefor |
| CN112368554A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2021-02-12 | 维多利亚联结有限公司 | Fiber optic sensing systems and methods |
| CN111277328A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-12 | 电子科技大学 | System and method for measuring group velocity dispersion in optical waveguide |
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