CN113035820A - 具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝及其制造方法 - Google Patents
具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113035820A CN113035820A CN202110290824.7A CN202110290824A CN113035820A CN 113035820 A CN113035820 A CN 113035820A CN 202110290824 A CN202110290824 A CN 202110290824A CN 113035820 A CN113035820 A CN 113035820A
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- Prior art keywords
- silver alloy
- core wire
- wire
- annealing
- alloy core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 115
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000682 scanning probe acoustic microscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013545 self-assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- QJAOYSPHSNGHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS QJAOYSPHSNGHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 20
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 10
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 7
- NRTDAKURTMLAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;gold(3+);tetracyanide Chemical compound [K+].[Au+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] NRTDAKURTMLAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 sulfur ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 2
- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L24/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/14—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of noble metals or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/48—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of gold
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/50—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of platinum group metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0607—Wires
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- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
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- H01L24/43—Manufacturing methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/62—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. lead-frames, wire-bonds or solder balls
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
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- H01L2224/432—Mechanical processes
- H01L2224/4321—Pulling
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- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/43—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/438—Post-treatment of the connector
- H01L2224/4382—Applying permanent coating, e.g. in-situ coating
- H01L2224/43825—Plating, e.g. electroplating, electroless plating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/43—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/438—Post-treatment of the connector
- H01L2224/43848—Thermal treatments, e.g. annealing, controlled cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
- H01L2224/45099—Material
- H01L2224/451—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45138—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
- H01L2224/45139—Silver (Ag) as principal constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
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- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
- H01L2224/45099—Material
- H01L2224/45198—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a combination of two or more materials in the form of a matrix with a filler, i.e. being a hybrid material, e.g. segmented structures, foams
- H01L2224/45298—Fillers
- H01L2224/45399—Coating material
- H01L2224/454—Coating material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45438—Coating material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
- H01L2224/45099—Material
- H01L2224/45198—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a combination of two or more materials in the form of a matrix with a filler, i.e. being a hybrid material, e.g. segmented structures, foams
- H01L2224/45298—Fillers
- H01L2224/45399—Coating material
- H01L2224/454—Coating material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45463—Coating material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than 1550°C
- H01L2224/45464—Palladium (Pd) as principal constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2933/00—Details relating to devices covered by the group H01L33/00 but not provided for in its subgroups
- H01L2933/0008—Processes
- H01L2933/0033—Processes relating to semiconductor body packages
- H01L2933/0066—Processes relating to semiconductor body packages relating to arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
Abstract
一种具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝,其特征在于包括银合金芯线、包覆在银合金芯线外面的闪镀层;所述闪镀层的材质为Au或Pd,闪镀层的厚度为1‑10nm。本发明还提供上述具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝的一种制造方法。本发明的银合金键合丝具有以下有益效果:(1)抗硫化性能和抗氧化性能优异;(2)一焊滑球比例极低,球形、作业性均符合要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及IC、LED封装用的键合丝,具体涉及一种具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝,以及这种银合金键合丝的制造方法。
背景技术
键合丝(bonding wire,又称键合线)是连接芯片与外部封装基板(substrate)和/或多层线路板(PCB)的主要连接方式。键合丝的发展趋势,从产品方向上,主要是线径细微化、高车间寿命(floor life)以及高线轴长度;从化学成分上,主要有铜线(包括裸铜线、镀钯铜线、闪金镀钯铜线)在半导体领域大幅度取代金线,而银线和银合金线在LED以及部分IC封装应用上取代金线。由于电子产品小型化和细薄化的发展要求,半导体行业通过芯片厚度减薄(Wafer thinning)、封装采用芯片堆栈(Die stacking)、倒装芯片(flip chip)、晶圆级封装(wafer level packaging)、2.5D和3D封装等方法来应对,然而传统的键合封装(wire bonding)仍然是主流封装形式。
现有的银合金键合丝含有银(Ag)、金(Au)和钯(Pd),Pd(钯)能改善线材的抗老化性能,金(Au)可以抗硫,从而使银合金键合丝具有一定的抗硫化能力和抗老化能力,但其抗硫化性能和抗老化性能仍不够理想,影响封装后产品的使用寿命。申请人公告号CN108183075A的在先专利申请“一种银合金键合丝及其制造方法”中,在Ag、Au和Pd的基础上,通过添加适量的Ca、Be、Cu、In、Ge与Si等元素组合,可进一步提升了银合金键合丝的抗硫化性能和抗老化性能,同时使银合金键合丝的作业性与可靠性也得以改善,但随着市场需求的变化,仍需进一步提高银合金键合丝的抗硫化性能和抗老化性能等性能,以更好地满足市场需求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝及其制造方法,这种具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝具有更加优异的抗硫化性能和抗氧化性能。采用的技术方案如下:
一种具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝,其特征在于包括银合金芯线、包覆在银合金芯线外面的闪镀层;所述闪镀层的材质为Au或Pd,闪镀层的厚度为1-10nm。
本发明的银合金键合丝中,在银合金芯线的表面闪镀一层均匀致密的Au层或者Pd层,能够阻止空气中硫离子和氧离子的侵蚀,进而达到更好的抗硫化、抗氧化的效果。经实验验证,闪镀层的厚度超过10nm时,虽然能够起到抗氧化硫化作用,但是在绑定焊线烧球(FAB球)的时候,容易烧球不良,造成焊线滑球比例较高,影响连续作业性。闪镀层的厚度在1-10nm的范围内时,能够起到抗氧化硫化作用,且球形更加稳定,作业性更优。
优选方案中,上述银合金芯线按重量计含有Au 0.1-2 %,Pd 0.1-3%,微量添加元素 10-7000ppm,余量为Ag;所述微量添加元素是Ca、Cu、Sn、In和Pt中的一种或其中多种的组合。银合金芯线在Ag、Au和Pd的基础上,通过添加适量的Ca、Cu、Sn、In和Pt等元素或其组合,能够提升银合金键合丝的抗硫化性能和抗老化性能(在-40℃~100℃的老化条件下,能够经受300-400回合的热冲击),同时使银合金键合丝的作业性与可靠性也得以改善,其中:Ca(钙)有助于银合金键合丝的再结晶温度的提高,增加银合金键合丝的结构稳定性和强度;Cu(铜)有助提升银合金键合丝的抗老化能力,并增大银合金键合丝的打线作业窗口;In(铟)有湿润性效果,可增大粘结力,改善一焊二焊粘结力; Sn(锡)有助于提升线材的抗氧化能力;Pt(铂)有助于改善FAB形貌,提高FAB球的稳定性,从而提升作业性能,同时也能提升抗氧化性能。
一种更优选方案中,所述银合金芯线按重量计含有Au 0.5-1.5%,Pd 2.5-3%,微量元素1000-3000ppm,余量为Ag;微量添加元素是Cu、In和Pt的组合。更进一步优选微量添加元素是1000-2500ppm的Cu、50-250ppm 的In和50-250ppm的Pt的组合。该微量添加元素组合能够细化晶粒(主要由Cu起作用),提升线材强度和抗老化性能,提升球形作业性和抗氧化性能(主要由In和Pt起作用)。
另一种更优选方案中,所述银合金芯线按重量计含有Au 0.1-0.9%,Pd 0.1-0.9%,微量添加元素4000-7000ppm,余量为Ag;微量添加元素是Cu、Ca和Sn的组合。进一步优选微量添加元素是4000-6000ppm 的Cu、20-200ppm的Ca和50-250ppm的Sn的组合。该微量添加元素组合能够强化线材强度(主要由Cu和Ca起作用),改善力学性能,提升抗老化性能、抗硫化性能和抗氧化氧化(主要由Sn起作用)。
优选方案中,上述银合金芯线的线径为18-40μm。
优选方案中,上述银合金键合丝还包括形成在银合金芯线的表面上并且填补闪镀层表面的晶界及微裂纹的SAMs膜。SAMs会跟银合金芯线的银结合,但与闪镀层的金、钯不会形成化学键(闪镀层的金、钯不会被覆盖),所以在银合金芯线表面裸露的地方会形成膜保护。SAMs膜的作用是填补闪镀层表面可能存在的晶界及微裂纹,可有效防止大气中水分子、氧分子、其他环境污染和电子向银合金芯线表面迁移侵蚀,进一步提升银合金键合丝的抗硫化、抗氧化能力。
在完成闪镀金/钯后(完成闪镀金/钯后通常还进行热处理),采用抗氧化剂溶液对线材进行浸泡,干燥后形成SAMs膜。对线材进行浸泡时抗氧化剂溶液的温度为40-70℃。
更优选方案中,上述抗氧化剂溶液是十八烷硫醇和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的水溶液;每升抗氧化剂溶液含有:十八烷硫醇1-3mol,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB) 10-50g,余量为去离子水。按比例将十八烷硫醇和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)加入到去离子水中后,混合均匀,即可得到抗氧化剂溶液。上述十八烷硫醇(C18SH)中的硫醇基在闪镀层缝隙中的Ag表面进行化学吸附和化学反应,在银合金芯线表面裸露的地方形成紧密排列的二维有序单分子或多分子层SAMs膜。SAMs膜的厚度通常为1-2nm。
本发明还提供上述具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝的一种制造方法,其特征在于包括下述步骤:
(1)制作银合金芯线;
(2)采用闪镀工艺在步骤(1)获得的银合金芯线表面上形成厚度为1-10 nm的闪镀层;
(3)最后退火:对步骤(2)得到的具有闪镀层的银合金芯线进行最后退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为600-1000mm,退火温度为400-600℃,退火速率为50-100m/min;
(4)冷却:最后退火结束后,将具有闪镀层的银合金芯线冷却至20-30℃,得到所需的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝。
上述步骤(2)的闪镀工艺可采用常规工艺。例如,将银合金芯线进行电镀钯或者金,电镀液的pH值控制在7-8(电镀钯时采用的电镀液是硫酸钯、氯化铵和硫酸铵的混合溶液,其中硫酸钯的浓度为1-3g/L,氯化铵的浓度为1-3g/L,硫酸铵的浓度为1-3g/L;电镀金时采用的电镀液是氰化金钾溶液,氰化金钾的浓度为1-2g/L),温度30-60℃,电流密度为0.1-0.3A/dm2。通过控制电镀时间(时间通常为0.5-1.5秒),确保镀层厚度在1-10nm之间。
优选方案中,上述步骤(3)中完成最后退火后,采用抗氧化剂溶液对具有闪镀层的银合金芯线进行浸泡,干燥后在银合金芯线的表面上形成能够填补闪镀层表面的晶界及微裂纹的SAMs膜,再冷却至20-30℃。对线材进行浸泡时抗氧化剂溶液的温度通常为40-70℃。
更优选方案中,上述抗氧化剂溶液是十八烷硫醇和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的水溶液;每升抗氧化剂溶液含有:十八烷硫醇1-3mol,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB) 10-50g,余量为去离子水。上述十八烷硫醇(C18SH)中的硫醇基在闪镀层缝隙中的Ag表面进行化学吸附和化学反应,在银合金芯线表面裸露的地方形成紧密排列的二维有序单分子或多分子层SAMs膜。SAMs膜的厚度通常为1-2nm。
优选方案中,上述步骤(1)中按下述步骤制作银合金芯线:
(1-1)熔铸:按比例将Au、Pd和微量添加元素加入到银原料中,经过真空熔炼和定向连续引铸工艺,获得直径为6-8毫米的芯线线材;
(1-2)拉丝:对步骤(1-1)得到的线材进行拉丝,获得直径为50-1000μm的银合金芯线;
(1-3)中间退火:步骤(1-2)拉丝完成后,对银合金芯线进行中间退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为600-1000mm,退火温度为400-600℃,退火速率为60-100m/min;
(1-4)对经步骤(1-3)中间退火处理的银合金芯线继续进行拉丝,获得直径为18-40μm的银合金芯线。
本发明的银合金键合丝具有以下有益效果:(1)抗硫化性能和抗氧化性能优异;(2)一焊滑球比例极低,球形、作业性均符合要求。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝包括银合金芯线、包覆在银合金芯线外面的闪镀层;所述闪镀层的材质为Au,闪镀层的厚度为2-10nm。银合金芯线按重量计含有Au1.5 %,Pd 3%,微量添加元素Cu 1500ppm、 In 100ppm、Pt 200ppm,余量为Ag。
本实施例中,具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝的制造方法包括下述步骤:
(1)制作银合金芯线;
(1-1)熔铸:按比例将Au、Pd和微量添加元素加入到银原料中,经过真空熔炼和定向连续引铸工艺,获得直径为6毫米的芯线线材;
(1-2)拉丝:对步骤(1-1)得到的线材进行拉丝,获得直径为200μm的银合金芯线;
(1-3)中间退火:步骤(1-2)拉丝完成后,对银合金芯线进行中间退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为600,退火温度为600℃,退火速率为60m/min;
(1-4)对经步骤(1-3)中间退火处理的银合金芯线继续进行拉丝,获得直径为18-40μm(如20μm)的银合金芯线;
(2)采用闪镀工艺在步骤(1)获得的银合金芯线表面上形成厚度为2-10 nm的闪镀层;
(3)最后退火:对步骤(2)得到的具有闪镀层的银合金芯线进行最后退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为1000mm,退火温度为400℃,退火速率为60m/min;
(4)冷却:最后退火结束后,将具有闪镀层的银合金芯线冷却至25℃,得到所需的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝。
上述步骤(2)的闪镀工艺可采用常规工艺。采用的电镀液是氰化金钾溶液,氰化金钾的浓度为2g/L。
实施例2
本实施例的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝包括银合金芯线、包覆在银合金芯线外面的闪镀层;所述闪镀层的材质为Pd,闪镀层的厚度为2-10nm。银合金芯线按重量计含有Au0.5 %,Pd 1%,微量添加元素Cu 2500ppm、In 200ppm、 Pt 50ppm,余量为Ag。
本实施例中,具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝的制造方法包括下述步骤:
(1)制作银合金芯线;
(1-1)熔铸:按比例将Au、Pd和微量添加元素加入到银原料中,经过真空熔炼和定向连续引铸工艺,获得直径为8毫米的芯线线材;
(1-2)拉丝:对步骤(1-1)得到的线材进行拉丝,获得直径为500μm的银合金芯线;
(1-3)中间退火:步骤(1-2)拉丝完成后,对银合金芯线进行中间退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为1000mm,退火温度为500℃,退火速率为100m/min;
(1-4)对经步骤(1-3)中间退火处理的银合金芯线继续进行拉丝,获得直径为18-40μm(如20μm)的银合金芯线;
(2)采用闪镀工艺在步骤(1)获得的银合金芯线表面上形成厚度为2-10 nm的闪镀层;
(3)最后退火:对步骤(2)得到的具有闪镀层的银合金芯线进行最后退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为600mm,退火温度为600℃,退火速率为100m/min;
(4)最后退火结束后,采用抗氧化剂溶液对具有闪镀层的银合金芯线进行浸泡(进行浸泡时抗氧化剂溶液的温度为60℃),干燥后在银合金芯线的表面上形成能够填补闪镀层表面的晶界及微裂纹的SAMs膜(SAMs膜的厚度为1-2nm);
本步骤中,抗氧化剂溶液是十八烷硫醇和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的水溶液;每升抗氧化剂溶液含有:十八烷硫醇2mol,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB) 30g,余量为去离子水;
(5)冷却:完成步骤(4)的处理后,将具有闪镀层的银合金芯线冷却至25℃,得到所需的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝。
上述步骤(2)的闪镀工艺可采用常规工艺。采用的电镀液是硫酸钯、氯化铵和硫酸铵的混合溶液,其中硫酸钯的浓度为2g/L,氯化铵的浓度为2g/L,硫酸铵的浓度为2g/L。
实施例3
本实施例的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝包括银合金芯线、包覆在银合金芯线外面的闪镀层;所述闪镀层的材质为Au,闪镀层的厚度为2-10nm。银合金芯线按重量计含有Au0.5%,Pd 0.5%,微量添加元素Cu 4000ppm、 Ca 200ppm 、Sn 200ppm,余量为Ag。
本实施例中,具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝的制造方法包括下述步骤:
(1)制作银合金芯线;
(1-1)熔铸:按比例将Au、Pd和微量添加元素加入到银原料中,经过真空熔炼和定向连续引铸工艺,获得直径为8毫米的芯线线材;
(1-2)拉丝:对步骤(1-1)得到的线材进行拉丝,获得直径为100μm的银合金芯线;
(1-3)中间退火:步骤(1-2)拉丝完成后,对银合金芯线进行中间退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为800mm,退火温度为500℃,退火速率为80m/min;
(1-4)对经步骤(1-3)中间退火处理的银合金芯线继续进行拉丝,获得直径为18-40μm(如20μm)的银合金芯线;
(2)采用闪镀工艺在步骤(1)获得的银合金芯线表面上形成厚度为2-10 nm的闪镀层;
(3)最后退火:对步骤(2)得到的具有闪镀层的银合金芯线进行最后退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为800mm,退火温度为500℃,退火速率为80m/min;
(4)冷却:最后退火结束后,将具有闪镀层的银合金芯线冷却至30℃,得到所需的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝。
上述步骤(2)的闪镀工艺可采用常规工艺。采用的电镀液是氰化金钾溶液,氰化金钾的浓度为2g/L。
实施例4
本实施例的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝包括银合金芯线、包覆在银合金芯线外面的闪镀层;所述闪镀层的材质为Pd,闪镀层的厚度为2-10nm。银合金芯线按重量计含有Au0.2 %,Pd 0.2%,微量添加元素Cu 6000ppm、 Ca 50ppm 、Sn 100ppm,余量为Ag。
本实施例中,具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝的制造方法包括下述步骤:
(1)制作银合金芯线;
(1-1)熔铸:按比例将Au、Pd和微量添加元素加入到银原料中,经过真空熔炼和定向连续引铸工艺,获得直径为8毫米的芯线线材;
(1-2)拉丝:对步骤(1-1)得到的线材进行拉丝,获得直径为800μm的银合金芯线;
(1-3)中间退火:步骤(1-2)拉丝完成后,对银合金芯线进行中间退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为1000mm,退火温度为450℃,退火速率为80m/min;
(1-4)对经步骤(1-3)中间退火处理的银合金芯线继续进行拉丝,获得直径为18-40μm(如20μm)的银合金芯线;
(2)采用闪镀工艺在步骤(1)获得的银合金芯线表面上形成厚度为2-10 nm的闪镀层;
(3)最后退火:对步骤(2)得到的具有闪镀层的银合金芯线进行最后退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为1000mm,退火温度为500℃,退火速率为80m/min;
(4)冷却:最后退火结束后,将具有闪镀层的银合金芯线冷却至20℃,得到所需的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝。
上述步骤(2)的闪镀工艺可采用常规工艺。采用的电镀液是硫酸钯、氯化铵和硫酸铵的混合溶液,其中硫酸钯的浓度为2g/L,氯化铵的浓度为2g/L,硫酸铵的浓度为2g/L。
实施例5
本实施例的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝包括银合金芯线、包覆在银合金芯线外面的闪镀层;所述闪镀层的材质为Pd,闪镀层的厚度为2-10nm。银合金芯线按重量计含有Au0.2 %,Pd 0.2%,微量添加元素Cu 6000ppm 、Ca 50ppm 、Sn 100ppm,余量为Ag。
本实施例中,具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝的制造方法包括下述步骤:
(1)制作银合金芯线;
(1-1)熔铸:按比例将Au、Pd和微量添加元素加入到银原料中,经过真空熔炼和定向连续引铸工艺,获得直径为8毫米的芯线线材;
(1-2)拉丝:对步骤(1-1)得到的线材进行拉丝,获得直径为800μm的银合金芯线;
(1-3)中间退火:步骤(1-2)拉丝完成后,对银合金芯线进行中间退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为1000mm,退火温度为450℃,退火速率为80m/min;
(1-4)对经步骤(1-3)中间退火处理的银合金芯线继续进行拉丝,获得直径为18-40μm(如20μm)的银合金芯线;
(2)采用闪镀工艺在步骤(1)获得的银合金芯线表面上形成厚度为2-10 nm的闪镀层;
(3)最后退火:对步骤(2)得到的具有闪镀层的银合金芯线进行最后退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为1000mm,退火温度为500℃,退火速率为80m/min;
(4)最后退火结束后,采用抗氧化剂溶液对具有闪镀层的银合金芯线进行浸泡(进行浸泡时抗氧化剂溶液的温度为50℃),干燥后在银合金芯线的表面上形成能够填补闪镀层表面的晶界及微裂纹的SAMs膜(SAMs膜的厚度为1-2nm);
本步骤中,抗氧化剂溶液是十八烷硫醇和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的水溶液;每升抗氧化剂溶液含有:十八烷硫醇3mol,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB) 20g,余量为去离子水;
(5)冷却:完成步骤(4)的处理后,将具有闪镀层的银合金芯线冷却至20℃,得到所需的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝。
上述步骤(2)的闪镀工艺可采用常规工艺。采用的电镀液是硫酸钯、氯化铵和硫酸铵的混合溶液,其中硫酸钯的浓度为2g/L,氯化铵的浓度为2g/L,硫酸铵的浓度为2g/L。
对比例1
本对比例的银合金键合丝按重量计含有Au 0.2 %,Pd 0.2%,微量添加元素Cu6000ppm、 Ca 50ppm 、Sn 100ppm,余量为Ag。本对比例与实施例4的区别在于没有设置闪镀层。
本对比例中,银合金键合丝的制造方法包括下述步骤:
(1)熔铸:按比例将Au、Pd和微量添加元素加入到银原料中,经过真空熔炼和定向连续引铸工艺,获得直径为8毫米的线材;
(2)拉丝:对步骤(1)得到的线材进行拉丝,获得直径为800μm的银合金线;
(3)中间退火:步骤(2)拉丝完成后,对银合金线进行中间退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为1000mm,退火温度为450℃,退火速率为80m/min;
(4)对经步骤(3)中间退火处理的银合金线继续进行拉丝,获得直径为18-40μm(如20μm)的银合金线;
(5)最后退火:对步骤(4)得到的银合金线进行最后退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为1000mm,退火温度为500℃,退火速率为80m/min;
(6)冷却:最后退火结束后,将银合金线冷却至20℃,得到银合金键合丝。
对比例2
参照公开号CN108183075A的在先专利申请的实施例2制备的银合金键合丝。
以上实施例1-5、对比例1-2的线材的性能测试
一、裸线抗硫化性能测试
检测方法:
1.将各组线材样品焊线到LED2835 PPA空支架上,每个支架焊线20根线材。不做封胶处理,线材裸露。
2.将焊线好的各组样品支架贴在载玻片上,放置到一个密封的玻璃器皿中,距离玻璃器皿底部约5~10cm;玻璃器皿底部铺硫磺粉,硫磺粉重量为2.5g,玻璃器皿体积为2.5L,浓度按1g/L放置。
3.将整个玻璃器皿放入烘箱烘烤,烘箱温度设定60℃。
4.每隔15分钟取样品观察颜色,记录线材颜色变化。
检测结果如下表1所示。从表1可以看出,实施例1-5线材的抗硫化性能均明显改善,且优于对比例1~2银合金键合丝,其中实施例2、5线材的抗硫化性能最优。
表1
组别 | 0min | 15min | 30min | 45min | 60min | 75min |
实施例1 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 淡黄色 |
实施例2 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 |
实施例3 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 淡黄色 |
实施例4 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 淡黄色 |
实施例5 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 |
对比例1 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 淡黄色 | 黄色 | 深黄色 |
对比例2 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 淡黄色 | 黄色 |
二、裸线抗氧化性能测试
检测方法:
1.将各组线材样品焊线到LED2835 PPA空支架上,每个支架焊线20根线材。不做封胶处理,线材裸露。
2.将焊线好的各组样品支架贴在载玻片上,放置在室外空气中,室外温度18~30℃,湿度70~90%RH。
3.定时1/3/5/7/9天,定时观察线材颜色变化。
检测结果如下表2所示。从表2可以看出,实施例1-5线材的抗氧化性能均明显改善,且优于对比例1-2银合金键合丝,其中实施例2、5线材的抗氧化性能最优。
表2
组别 | 1天 | 3天 | 5天 | 7天 | 9天 | 11天 |
实施例1 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 淡黄色 | 淡黄色 |
实施例2 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 |
实施例3 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 淡黄色 | 淡黄色 |
实施例4 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 淡黄色 | 淡黄色 |
实施例5 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 |
对比例1 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 淡黄色 | 黄色 | 黄色 |
对比例2 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 银白色 | 淡黄色 | 淡黄色 | 黄色 |
三、焊线性能测试
测试方法:
1.球形确认,各组线材样品在ASM iHawk-Xtreme焊线机台各打1000个焊点,99.99%纯度氮气保护气体作业,观察统计一焊滑球比例。(比例≤0.5%判定合格)。
2.连续作业30min,采用BBOS、BSOB、Normal混打。统计断线次数(断线<2次判定合格)。
3.TS能力(热冲击能力):2835LED支架,4238S硅胶,-40℃(30min)~100℃(30min)循环冷热冲击。
检测结果如下表3所示。从表2可以看出,实施例1-5线材的TS能力相对于对比例2均明显改善。实施例1-5线材的球形、作业性与对比例1-2银合金键合丝相当。
表3
组别 | 滑球比例 | 30min连续作业断线次数 | 可承受冷热冲击回合数 |
实施例1 | 0/1000 | 0 | 300 |
实施例2 | 0/1000 | 0 | 300 |
实施例3 | 0/1000 | 0 | 350 |
实施例4 | 1/1000 | 0 | 400 |
实施例5 | 0/1000 | 0 | 400 |
对比例1 | 3/1000 | 0 | 400 |
对比例2 | 0/1000 | 0 | 250 |
Claims (10)
1.一种具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝,其特征在于包括银合金芯线、包覆在银合金芯线外面的闪镀层;所述闪镀层的材质为Au或Pd,闪镀层的厚度为1-10nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝,其特征是:所述银合金芯线按重量计含有Au 0.1-2 %,Pd 0.1-3%,微量添加元素 10-7000ppm,余量为Ag;所述微量添加元素是Ca、Cu、Sn、In和Pt中的一种或其中多种的组合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝,其特征是:所述银合金芯线按重量计含有Au 0.5-1.5%,Pd 2.5-3%,微量元素1000-3000ppm,余量为Ag;微量添加元素是Cu、In和Pt的组合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝,其特征是:所述微量添加元素是1000-2500ppm的Cu、50-250ppm 的In和50-250ppm的Pt的组合。
5.根据权利要求2所述的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝,其特征是:所述银合金芯线按重量计含有Au 0.1-0.9%,Pd 0.1-0.9%,微量添加元素4000-7000ppm,余量为Ag;微量添加元素是Cu、Ca和Sn的组合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝,其特征是:所述微量添加元素是4000-6000ppm 的Cu、20-200ppm的Ca和50-250ppm的Sn的组合。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝,其特征是:所述银合金键合丝还包括形成在银合金芯线的表面上并且填补闪镀层表面的晶界及微裂纹的SAMs膜。
8.权利要求1所述的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝的制造方法,其特征在于包括下述步骤:
(1)制作银合金芯线;
(2)采用闪镀工艺在步骤(1)获得的银合金芯线表面上形成厚度为1-10 nm的闪镀层;
(3)最后退火:对步骤(2)得到的具有闪镀层的银合金芯线进行最后退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为600-1000mm,退火温度为400-600℃,退火速率为50-100m/min;
(4)冷却:最后退火结束后,将具有闪镀层的银合金芯线冷却至20-30℃,得到所需的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝。
9.根据权利要求8所述的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝的制造方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中完成最后退火后,采用抗氧化剂溶液对具有闪镀层的银合金芯线进行浸泡,干燥后在银合金芯线的表面上形成能够填补闪镀层表面的晶界及微裂纹的SAMs膜,再冷却至20-30℃;
所述抗氧化剂溶液是十八烷硫醇和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的水溶液;每升抗氧化剂溶液含有:十八烷硫醇1-3mol,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵10-50g,余量为去离子水。
10.根据权利要求8所述的具有闪镀层的银合金键合丝的制造方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)中按下述步骤制作银合金芯线:
(1-1)熔铸:按比例将Au、Pd和微量添加元素加入到银原料中,经过真空熔炼和定向连续引铸工艺,获得直径为6-8毫米的芯线线材;
以上原料的重量比例为:Au 0.1-2 %,Pd 0.1-3%,微量添加元素 10-7000ppm,余量为Ag;所述微量添加元素是Ca、Cu、Sn、In和Pt中的一种或其中多种的组合;
(1-2)拉丝:对步骤(1-1)得到的线材进行拉丝,获得直径为50-1000μm的银合金芯线;
(1-3)中间退火:步骤(1-2)拉丝完成后,对银合金芯线进行中间退火,在退火过程中采用N2来做为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为600-1000mm,退火温度为400-600℃,退火速率为60-100m/min;
(1-4)对经步骤(1-3)中间退火处理的银合金芯线继续进行拉丝,获得直径为18-40μm的银合金芯线。
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