CN112936121B - Working layer of superhard abrasive grinding wheel, preparation method of working layer and superhard abrasive grinding wheel - Google Patents
Working layer of superhard abrasive grinding wheel, preparation method of working layer and superhard abrasive grinding wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112936121B CN112936121B CN202110410474.3A CN202110410474A CN112936121B CN 112936121 B CN112936121 B CN 112936121B CN 202110410474 A CN202110410474 A CN 202110410474A CN 112936121 B CN112936121 B CN 112936121B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0072—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using adhesives for bonding abrasive particles or grinding elements to a support, e.g. by gluing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
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Abstract
The invention discloses a superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer, a preparation method thereof and a superhard abrasive grinding wheel. The superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer comprises N mutually superposed abrasive layers, N is more than or equal to 2, any one of the abrasive layers comprises a bonding agent and a plurality of abrasive particles distributed in the bonding agent in an array manner, a plurality of pores are distributed on the bonding agent of any one of the abrasive layers in an array manner, and the plurality of abrasive particles and the plurality of pores are distributed in a staggered manner; the method comprises the following steps: determining the number of hydrolysis layers, performing distribution design of first holes and second holes on the hydrolysis layers by laser, arranging superhard abrasive grains and pore-forming agents in a layered mode, and performing cold press molding and grinding wheel sintering on the grinding wheel working layer. According to the invention, through design and realization of the spatial ordered distribution of the abrasive particles and the pores, the prepared grinding wheel working layer has the characteristics of high open porosity, high abrasive particle sharpness and the like, and has excellent grinding performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of superhard abrasive tools, in particular to a superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer, a preparation method thereof and a superhard abrasive grinding wheel.
Background
Advanced metal materials such as nickel-based high-temperature alloy, titanium alloy and the like are widely applied in the fields of aerospace, nuclear industry and the like by virtue of excellent high-temperature comprehensive performance. However, these advanced materials present significant difficulties in machining. At present, the super-abrasive grinding wheel (such as CBN, diamond grinding wheel and the like) becomes an important tool for efficient and precise processing of advanced metal materials due to the excellent grinding performance.
The working layer of the super-hard abrasive grinding wheel generally comprises abrasive particles, pores, a bonding agent and other components. Research shows that compared with the abrasive particles and the pores which are arranged in disorder, the abrasive particles and the pores which are arranged according to a certain rule are beneficial to improving the chip containing space of the working layer of the grinding wheel, the sharpness of the grinding wheel and the like, so that the integral grinding capacity of the grinding wheel is improved, and the abrasion of the grinding wheel is reduced. Through query, the documents [ Ding et al, grinding ability and surface integration of cast-based super alloy in machining fed grinding with brazed CBN abrasive grinding wheels, Chinese Journal of Aero-benefits, 23(2010)501-510 ] adopt single-layer brazed CBN grinding wheels with orderly arranged abrasive particles, thereby effectively reducing the energy consumption and grinding temperature in the grinding process, but because the grinding wheels only have single-layer abrasive particles, when the abrasive particles are fallen off due to abrasion, the subsequent abrasive particles cannot be supplemented, so that the service life of the grinding wheels is short; the invention relates to a molybdenum disulfide and open pore based metal bond diamond grinding wheel and a preparation method thereof, and the patent publication number is as follows: CN111251200A proposes that urea is used as a pore-forming agent to realize the high porosity manufacture of a multilayer metal bond diamond grinding wheel, but because the diamond abrasive particles and the urea are arranged in disorder, the grinding effect of the high porosity diamond grinding wheel is limited; the invention discloses a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel with three-dimensional and ordered distribution of abrasive particles and a preparation method thereof, and the patent discloses: CN102729157A reports that a plurality of CBN grinding particles are bonded together in advance to make CBN fiber grinding particles, so as to realize ordered arrangement of the grinding particles in a local space of the grinding wheel, which is helpful for improving grinding efficiency, but the spatial arrangement form of the grinding particles is single, and regular arrangement of grinding wheel pores is not found in the patent.
The arrangement of the abrasive particles and the pores of the grinding wheel related to the documents is implemented separately, and the cooperative and ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles and the pores of the multi-layer super-hard abrasive grinding wheel is not considered. In fact, only by simultaneously realizing the spatial distribution design and control of the abrasive particles and pores of the multilayer superhard abrasive grinding wheel, the multilayer superhard abrasive grinding wheel can be promoted to exert the greatest potential in the efficient grinding of difficult-to-process materials such as nickel-based high-temperature alloy, titanium alloy and the like by means of the optimal grinding wheel working layer component arrangement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer, a preparation method thereof and a superhard abrasive grinding wheel, and aims to improve the characteristics of the multilayer superhard abrasive grinding wheel, such as open porosity, abrasive particle sharpness and the like, and further improve the grinding performance by designing and controlling the abrasive particles and pore space distribution state of the multilayer superhard abrasive grinding wheel, so that the obtained grinding wheel can realize the efficient precision processing of nickel-based high-temperature alloy and other difficult-to-process materials.
The embodiment of the application discloses: a superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer comprises N mutually superposed abrasive layers, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, any abrasive layer comprises a bonding agent and a plurality of abrasive particles distributed in the bonding agent in an array mode, a plurality of pores are distributed on the bonding agent of any abrasive layer in an array mode, and the abrasive particles and the pores are distributed in a staggered mode.
The embodiment of the application also discloses: a preparation method of a working layer of a multilayer super-hard abrasive grinding wheel comprises the following steps:
step 1: providing N hydrolysis layers for fixing particulate matters, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, a plurality of first holes for placing abrasive particles and a plurality of second holes for placing pore-forming agents are arranged on the hydrolysis layers, and the first holes and the second holes are respectively distributed in an array manner;
step 2: placing a first hydrolysis layer in a mould, placing abrasive particles into a plurality of first holes of the first hydrolysis layer one by one, placing pore-forming agents into a plurality of second holes of the first hydrolysis layer one by one, and then placing a bonding agent on the first hydrolysis layer to form a bonding agent layer; to this end, the arrangement of an abrasive layer blank is completed;
and step 3: repeating step 2 after placing a second said hydrolysis layer on said binder layer;
and 4, step 4: repeating the step 3 until the Nth hydrolysis layer is arranged;
and 5: performing unidirectional extrusion on the plurality of hydrolysis layers, the plurality of abrasive particles, the plurality of pore-forming agents and the plurality of bonding agent layers in the die by using an extruder to obtain a superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer blank;
step 6: putting the superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer blank into water to dissolve a hydrolysis layer and a pore-forming agent, and then putting the superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer blank into a constant temperature device for drying;
and 7: and (4) putting the blank of the working layer of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel obtained in the step (6) into a vacuum brazing furnace for sintering to obtain the working layer of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel.
Specifically, the abrasive grains may be CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride), diamond, or the like super-hard abrasive grains.
Specifically, the hydrolysis layer is made of a material capable of being dissolved by water, and the hydrolysis layer comprises an ice layer with the thickness of 200-300 microns. When the ice layer is used as the hydrolysis layer, the steps 1 to 6 are carried out in an environment with the temperature less than 0 ℃ and the temperature kept stable, so that the ice layer is prevented from melting and being incapable of controlling the shape.
Specifically, the pore-forming agent comprises one or more of sucrose particles or urea particles, and the particle size of the pore-forming agent is 450-550 μm.
Specifically, the bonding agent layer comprises Cu-Sn-Ti alloy, and the grain size of the Cu-Sn-Ti alloy is 15-30 micrometers.
Specifically, the first holes and the second holes are distributed in a staggered manner. The first holes on the hydrolysis layers of the odd-numbered layers correspond to the second holes on the hydrolysis layers of the even-numbered layers, and the second holes on the hydrolysis layers of the odd-numbered layers correspond to the first holes on the hydrolysis layers of the even-numbered layers. More specifically, the plurality of first holes on any hydrolysis layer may be distributed in a matrix, and the plurality of second holes may also be distributed in a matrix, that is, the plurality of first holes on any hydrolysis layer may be divided into a plurality of rows, the plurality of second holes may be divided into a plurality of rows, and each row of first holes and each row of second holes may be arranged in parallel, perpendicularly or at any angle. When each row of the first holes and each row of the second holes are arranged in parallel, preferably, a row of the second holes can be arranged between two adjacent rows of the first holes, in other words, the rows of the first holes and the rows of the second holes can be alternately arranged, the first holes on the hydrolysis layer of the odd number layer are substantially aligned with the second holes on the even number layer, and the second holes on the hydrolysis layer of the odd number layer are substantially aligned with the first holes on the even number layer, so that the stability of the structure of the working layer of the superabrasive grinding wheel is improved, and the spatial arrangement of abrasive grains and pores in the working layer of the superabrasive grinding wheel is realized.
Specifically, the first and second holes on the hydrolysis layer are prepared by a laser marking machine. More specifically, a position is preset on the surface of the hydrolysis layer, a laser marking machine is used for punching, the diameter of a first hole for placing abrasive particles can be slightly larger than the particle diameter of the abrasive particles, and the diameter of a second hole for placing a pore-forming agent is slightly larger than the particle diameter of the pore-forming agent. Preferably, the first hole and the second hole are both through holes.
Specifically, the number of hydrolysis layers is calculated by the following mathematical expression:
in the formula I w The unit of the thickness of the working layer of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel is mm; d g The unit is the grain size of the abrasive grains, which is μm.
The embodiment of the application also discloses: a superabrasive grinding wheel comprising a superabrasive grinding wheel working layer as described in the present example.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the pore-forming agents such as sucrose particles are added to the working layer of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel, the distribution of the abrasive particles and pores is designed in advance by adopting the thin ice layer, the spatial collaborative layout regulation and control of the abrasive particles and the pores in the multilayer superhard abrasive grinding wheel are realized, the condition that the pores in the grinding wheel are not communicated is improved, the water permeability of the grinding wheel is enhanced, the sharpness and the chip containing space of the grinding wheel are also improved, and a high-performance grinding tool can be provided for the efficient processing of difficult-to-process materials such as nickel-based high-temperature alloy, titanium alloy and the like.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the construction of a superabrasive grinding wheel working layer blank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the preparation of a working layer of a superabrasive grinding wheel in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3-1 is a schematic view showing the distribution of first holes and second holes in the hydrolysis layer of the odd-numbered layers in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3-2 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the first holes and the second holes in the hydrolysis layer of the even-numbered layers in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of a CBN grinding wheel in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5-1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the abrasive layer of a CBN grinding wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5-2 is an optical microscope image of the abrasive layer of the CBN grinding wheel in the example of the present invention.
Reference numbers to the above figures: 1. a pore-forming agent; 2. abrasive particles; 3. a binder layer; 4. a hydrolysis layer; 41. a first hole; 42. a second aperture.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3-1 and 3-2, the method for preparing the working layer of the superabrasive grinding wheel according to the present embodiment generally includes: the method comprises the steps of determining the number of hydrolysis layers 4, designing the distribution of first holes 41 and second holes 42 on the hydrolysis layers 4, prefabricating holes by a laser marking machine, arranging abrasive particles 2 and a pore-forming agent 1 in a layered mode, and performing cold press molding and sintering on the superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer. Wherein, the hydrolysis layer 4 adopts an ice layer, the abrasive particles 2 adopt CBN abrasive particles, the pore-forming agent 1 adopts sucrose particles, and the bonding agent layer 3 is prepared from Cu-Sn-Ti alloy. The superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer blank comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15% of sucrose particles with the particle size of 450-550 mu m, 25% of CBN abrasive particles with the particle size of 350-415 mu m, 50% of Cu-Sn-Ti alloy with the particle size of 15-30 mu m and 10% of ice layers with the thickness of 200-300 mu m, wherein in the Cu-Sn-Ti alloy, the Ti content is 10%, the Cu content is 70% and the Sn content is 20% in percentage by mass.
With continuing reference to fig. 1, 2, 3-1, and 3-2, the method for preparing the working layer of the superabrasive grinding wheel according to the present embodiment specifically includes:
step 1: the abrasive particles 2 are cleaned. And ultrasonically cleaning CBN abrasive particles for 5min by using acetone.
Step 2: and (5) treating the binding agent. Adding a proper amount of a butyral colloidal solution into a Cu-Sn-Ti alloy binding agent by using a rubber head dropper, fully stirring, putting into a constant temperature box, keeping for 60min at the temperature of 50 ℃, fully drying, ball-milling and crushing in a mixer, and sieving.
And step 3: and determining the number of the ice layers. Setting the working layer thickness l of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel of the grinding wheel w 20mm, CBN abrasive grain diameter d g The average was 370 μm, and the total number of ice layers N was determined to be about 33 according to the following formula (1).
And 4, step 4: the distribution design and laser prefabrication of the ice layer micro holes (the first holes 41 and the second holes 42). Firstly, presetting a position on the surface of an ice layer, and adopting a laser marking machine to carry out punching operation. The second holes 42 for placing the sucrose particles are about 600 μm in diameter; the first hole 41 for placing CBN grains has a diameter of about 400 μm; the first holes 41 and the second holes 42 are respectively distributed in a matrix, the distribution paths of the first holes 41 are parallel to the distribution paths of the second holes 42, and a row of the second holes 42 is distributed between two adjacent rows of the first holes 41. The first holes 41 of any row of the odd-numbered layers are substantially aligned with the second holes 42 of a corresponding row of the even-numbered layers, and the second holes 42 of any row of the odd-numbered layers are substantially aligned with the first holes 41 of a corresponding row of the even-numbered layers.
And 5: arrangement of sucrose particles and abrasive particles 2. Firstly, adjusting a laboratory constant temperature device to enable the temperature of an operating environment to be less than 0 ℃, and keeping the temperature stable; secondly, pre-laying a bonding agent layer below the cold-pressing die, and then lightly placing the ice layer into the cold-pressing die by using a sucker; again, sucrose particles were placed in the second hole 42, CBN abrasive particles were placed in the first hole 41, one per hole; then, uniformly scattering the Cu-Sn-Ti alloy into a mould to form a bonding agent layer 3, and finishing two-dimensional ordered arrangement of the first layer of CBN abrasive particles and sucrose particles; and then, finishing the arrangement of other layers by adopting the same method, and mutually overlapping and arranging a plurality of ice layers until the arrangement of all the ice layers in the step 3 is finished, thereby realizing the three-dimensional space collaborative and ordered arrangement of the CBN abrasive particles and the sucrose particles.
Step 6: cold press molding and sintering. Firstly, the cold pressing die is placed into the extruder for unidirectional extrusion, and the extrusion parameters are set as follows: keeping the pressure at 120MPa for 5min, and demoulding to prepare a blank of the working layer of the super-hard abrasive grinding wheel; secondly, put into aquatic fully to dissolve cane sugar and ice sheet with superabrasive material emery wheel working layer blank, put into the oven afterwards and dry, the stoving parameter sets up to: maintaining at 50 deg.C for 120 min; then, putting the dried superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer blank into a vacuum brazing furnace for sintering, wherein the sintering parameters are as follows: the temperature is 850 ℃, the temperature rising and falling speed is 10 ℃/min, and the sintering retention time is 12 min; and finally, cooling the blank to 50 ℃ along with the furnace, opening the furnace, taking out the blank of the working layer of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel, thus preparing a multilayer superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer with the orderly arranged abrasive particles and pores, and further preparing a multilayer CBN grinding wheel with the orderly arranged abrasive particles and pores.
With reference to fig. 4, 5-1, and 5-2, in the working layer of the superabrasive grinding wheel prepared by the method of the present embodiment, the pores formed by the sucrose particles are open interconnected pores, and the porosity reaches 55%; the sintered CBN abrasive particles are not completely embedded in the sintered bonding agent, the abrasive particles are in a good exposure state, the abrasive particles are arranged orderly, and the sharpness of the grinding wheel can be greatly improved.
The grinding wheel prepared by the superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer and the CBN grinding wheel with ordinary abrasive particles and pores which are randomly distributed are subjected to grinding contrast experiment, wherein the experimental conditions and parameters are as follows: the grinding wheel is used for plane grinding, the workpiece material is nickel-based superalloy GH4169, the outer diameter of the grinding wheel is 400mm, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 80m/s, the cutting depth is 1mm, the feeding speed of the workpiece is 360mm/min, and the experimental results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of CBN grinding wheel, abrasive particles and CBN grinding wheel with disordered pore distribution in the embodiment
As can be seen from the data in table 1 above, although the multilayer CBN grinding wheel of the present embodiment performs equivalently to the CBN grinding wheel with the randomly arranged abrasive particles and voids in the grinding temperature, a smaller grinding force ratio indicates that the multilayer CBN grinding wheel of the present embodiment has a better grinding wheel sharpness, and therefore the effect of reducing the grinding force of the multilayer CBN grinding wheel of the present embodiment is significant. The effectiveness of the design of the cooperative distribution of the abrasive particles and the pore space of the multilayer superhard abrasive grinding wheel and the realization method is proved.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the working layer of the super-hard abrasive grinding wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: providing N hydrolysis layers for fixing particulate matters, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, a plurality of first holes for placing abrasive particles and a plurality of second holes for placing pore-forming agents are arranged on the hydrolysis layers, and the first holes and the second holes are respectively distributed in an array manner;
step 2: placing a first of the hydrolyzed layers in a mold, placing abrasive particles into a first plurality of pores of the first hydrolyzed layer, placing a pore former into a second plurality of pores of the first hydrolyzed layer, and then placing a binder on the first hydrolyzed layer to form a binder layer;
and step 3: repeating step 2 after placing a second said hydrolyzed layer on said binder layer;
and 4, step 4: repeating the step 3 until the Nth hydrolysis layer is arranged;
and 5: performing unidirectional extrusion on the plurality of hydrolysis layers, the plurality of abrasive particles, the plurality of pore-forming agents and the plurality of bonding agent layers in the die by using an extruder to obtain a superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer blank;
step 6: putting the superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer blank into water to dissolve a hydrolysis layer and a pore-forming agent, and then putting the superhard abrasive grinding wheel working layer blank into a constant temperature device for drying;
and 7: and (4) putting the blank of the working layer of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel obtained in the step (6) into a vacuum brazing furnace for sintering to obtain the working layer of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel.
2. The method for preparing the working layer of the super-abrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the hydrolysis layer comprises an ice layer with a thickness of 200-300 μm.
3. The method for preparing the working layer of the super-hard abrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the pore-forming agent comprises one or more of sucrose particles or urea particles, and the particle size of the pore-forming agent is 450-550 μm.
4. The method for preparing the working layer of the super-abrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the bonding agent layer comprises Cu-Sn-Ti alloy, and the grain size of the Cu-Sn-Ti alloy is 15-30 μm.
5. The method of making a working layer of a superabrasive grinding wheel of claim 1, wherein the first and second apertures are staggered.
6. The method of making a working layer of a superabrasive grinding wheel according to claim 5, wherein first holes in an odd numbered hydrolytic layer correspond to second holes in an even numbered hydrolytic layer, and wherein second holes in an odd numbered hydrolytic layer correspond to first holes in an even numbered hydrolytic layer.
7. The method of making a working layer of a superabrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the first and second holes in the water-splitting layer are made by a laser marking machine.
8. The method for preparing the working layer of the super-abrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the number of the hydrolysis layers is calculated by the following mathematical expression:
in the formula I w The thickness of the working layer of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel is in mm; d is a radical of g The unit is the grain size of the abrasive grains, and is μm.
9. A super abrasive grinding wheel working layer, which comprises N mutually superposed grinding layers, wherein any grinding layer comprises a bonding agent and a plurality of abrasive particles distributed in the bonding agent in an array manner, a plurality of pores are distributed on the bonding agent of any grinding layer in an array manner, a plurality of abrasive particles and a plurality of pores are distributed in a staggered manner, and the super abrasive grinding wheel working layer is prepared by the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A superabrasive grinding wheel comprising a superabrasive grinding wheel working layer according to claim 9.
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