CN112831623A - Method for preventing blast furnace hearth from burning through - Google Patents
Method for preventing blast furnace hearth from burning through Download PDFInfo
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- CN112831623A CN112831623A CN201911061442.6A CN201911061442A CN112831623A CN 112831623 A CN112831623 A CN 112831623A CN 201911061442 A CN201911061442 A CN 201911061442A CN 112831623 A CN112831623 A CN 112831623A
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- hearth
- temperature
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- blast furnace
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/24—Test rods or other checking devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing a blast furnace hearth from being burnt through, which comprises the following steps: s1, closely attaching and fixing the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor on the surface of the hearth furnace skin of the blast furnace, and calibrating the position on the sensor and the position of the hearth furnace skin; s2, obtaining temperature information of the corresponding hearth shell position according to the temperature of the sensor at the terminal of the correspondingly arranged control system in real time; s3, when the detected temperature exceeds the standard value of the hearth shell management, the system can automatically warn that a hearth burnthrough accident possibly occurs. The invention utilizes the temperature effect of the back Raman scattering of the distributed optical fiber sensor to continuously measure the temperature of the blast furnace hearth furnace skin and utilizes the optical time domain reflection principle to calibrate the position, thereby realizing the acquisition of the temperature and the position information of the blast furnace hearth furnace skin along the optical fiber sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preventing a blast furnace hearth from being burnt through.
Background
The capacity of the blast furnace is from hundreds of cubes to 5800 cubes, the number of large blast furnaces is increased year by year in recent years, the huge blast furnace with the capacity of more than 4000 cubic meters reaches 25, the large blast furnace bears huge pressure under the environment of high temperature, high pressure and high static pressure during smelting, a hearth of the large blast furnace bears huge pressure, the working condition environment of the hearth is very severe, the large blast furnace not only bears 1500 ℃ molten iron flow, but also bears the huge static pressure of upper material columns and blast pressure, refractory materials of the hearth of the large blast furnace are easily burnt through due to the erosion of the molten iron, and the burning-through accidents of the hearth of the blast furnace can occur in the global range including China every year, so that huge economic loss and potential safety hazards are caused. The huge blast furnace with the size of more than 4000 cubic meters also has the serious accident of burning through of the furnace hearth, thereby causing huge economic loss. Although couples are buried in the refractory material of the blast furnace hearth, the depth and the density of the buried couples are influenced by the severe working environment of the hearth, the density of the couples is low, and all the positions of the hearth cannot be monitored, so that a blind area for monitoring the temperature is caused. Generally, the burnthrough of the blast furnace hearth can occur in an area without thermocouple monitoring.
The distributed optical fiber temperature sensor is adopted, and the temperature and position monitoring can be pertinently increased in the monitoring blind area of the thermocouple by combining the burying characteristics of the blast furnace hearth thermocouple. The continuous monitoring of the temperature is realized, and when a certain temperature management value is reached or the rising speed is too high, measures are immediately taken to prevent the occurrence of the fire-through accident of the furnace hearth.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for preventing a blast furnace hearth from being burnt through.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for preventing a blast furnace hearth from being burnt through, which comprises the following steps:
s1, closely attaching and fixing the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor on the surface of the hearth furnace skin of the blast furnace, and calibrating the position on the sensor and the position of the hearth furnace skin;
s2, obtaining temperature information of the corresponding hearth shell position according to the temperature of the sensor at the terminal of the correspondingly arranged control system in real time;
s3, when the detected temperature exceeds the standard value of the hearth shell management, the system can automatically warn that a hearth burnthrough accident possibly occurs.
Further, in step S2, the control system functions include temperature alarm value setting, temperature rise rate alarm value setting, temperature-distance trend graph, alarm information display, and deriving temperature trend data.
Further, step S1 is specifically:
s11, planning an arrangement route of the distributed optical fiber sensor on a hearth shell by combining a cooling mode of a blast furnace hearth, an arrangement condition of a hearth thermocouple and a design drawing of the blast furnace hearth;
s12, calibrating the position on the distributed optical fiber sensor, determining the position on a hearth furnace shell of the blast furnace, and matching the optical fiber position with the furnace shell position;
s13, fixedly mounting the distributed optical fiber sensor on a hearth furnace skin;
and S14, the distributed optical fiber sensor is connected with the communication optical fiber and is connected with the laser source and the signal processing module.
Further, step S2 is specifically: after the laser source emits pulse incident light, the pulse incident light is transmitted along the communication optical fiber and the distributed optical fiber sensor, the pulse incident light is scattered in the optical fiber transmission process, and a part of scattered light is scattered towards the reverse direction; in the scattered light, Raman reflected signals are stripped through a signal processing module, and temperature values are calculated according to the Raman reflected signals and the temperature; and calculating a position point corresponding to the temperature value according to the light speed, the refractive index of the optical fiber and the calibrated optical fiber position.
Further, step S3 is specifically: the control terminal software displays the temperature value and the position information in real time according to the calibrated laying position condition of the distributed optical fiber sensor on the hearth furnace skin, and when the temperature value of the hearth furnace skin exceeds a managed standard value or rises rapidly, the system automatically alarms to prompt a user to pay attention to the change of the temperature value, so that the occurrence of hearth burnthrough accidents is prevented.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the temperature effect of the back Raman scattering of the distributed optical fiber sensor to continuously measure the temperature of the blast furnace hearth furnace skin and utilizes the optical time domain reflection principle to calibrate the position, thereby realizing the acquisition of the temperature and the position information of the blast furnace hearth furnace skin along the optical fiber sensor. If the refractory inside the blast furnace hearth is seriously corroded and about 1500 ℃ molten iron possibly permeates into the cooler, the temperature of cooling equipment and a furnace shell is abnormally increased, and the possible hearth burn-through accident can be judged very quickly, so that the accident can be treated as early as possible and prevented. As the galvanic couple layout in the refractory material of the blast furnace hearth is relatively less, blind areas exist in partial areas, and the damage and the effect reduction of the refractory material of the hearth can be caused by more pre-buried galvanic couple layouts, the temperature condition of hearth equipment, high-density and all-weather tracking hearth furnace skin can be prevented from being damaged, the special personnel attendance is not needed, the abnormal automatic alarm prompt is realized, and the trend analysis of the system is carried out.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of preventing burnthrough of a blast furnace hearth;
FIG. 2 is a method of laser light scattering spectroscopy;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fiber backscatter calibration position principle;
FIGS. 4a and 4b are schematic diagrams of a demodulator and an optical fiber, respectively, arranged in a blast furnace hearth;
FIG. 5 is a view of the actual installation in the field;
FIG. 6 is an interface and function of system software;
fig. 7a and 7b are operation actual effect diagrams.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
A method for preventing a blast furnace hearth from being burnt through comprises the following steps:
s1, closely attaching and fixing the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor on the surface of the hearth furnace skin of the blast furnace, and calibrating the position on the sensor and the position of the hearth furnace skin; the method comprises the following steps:
s11, planning an arrangement route of the distributed optical fiber sensor on a hearth shell by combining a cooling mode of a blast furnace hearth, an arrangement condition of a hearth thermocouple and a design drawing of the blast furnace hearth;
s12, calibrating the position on the distributed optical fiber sensor, determining the position on a hearth furnace shell of the blast furnace, and matching the optical fiber position with the furnace shell position;
s13, fixedly mounting the distributed optical fiber sensor on a hearth furnace skin;
and S14, the distributed optical fiber sensor is connected with the communication optical fiber and is connected with the laser source and the signal processing module.
S2, after the laser source emits pulse incident light, the pulse incident light is transmitted along the communication optical fiber and the distributed optical fiber sensor, the pulse incident light is scattered in the optical fiber transmission process, and a part of scattered light is scattered in the opposite direction; in the scattered light, Raman reflected signals are stripped through a signal processing module, and temperature values are calculated according to the Raman reflected signals and the temperature; calculating a position point corresponding to the temperature value according to the light speed, the refractive index of the optical fiber and the calibrated optical fiber position;
s3, the control terminal software displays the temperature value and the position information in real time according to the calibrated laying position condition of the distributed optical fiber sensor on the hearth furnace skin, when the temperature value of the hearth furnace skin exceeds a managed standard value or rises rapidly, the system automatically alarms to prompt a user to pay attention to the change of the temperature value, and the occurrence of hearth burnthrough accidents is prevented.
The method and the device for preventing the blast furnace hearth from being burnt through utilize the temperature effect of the back Raman scattering of the distributed optical fiber sensor to continuously measure the temperature of the hearth shell of the blast furnace hearth. The distributed optical fiber temperature sensor is based on Anti-Stokes light (Anti-Stokes) which is generated by a back Raman (Raman) scattering effect and is shorter than the wavelength of a light source, the intensity of the Anti-Stokes light is related to the temperature, and therefore the temperature value of any point along the inner part of the optical fiber is obtained according to the Anti-Stokes light signal of the point. And then, by utilizing an Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) technology, positioning the temperature points through the transmission speed of light waves in the optical fiber and the time of a back light echo, and realizing distributed measurement of the temperature field along the optical fiber.
In the whole system, the optical fiber is a transmission medium and a sensing medium. The temperature information and the position information are extracted from the noise in real time and displayed. The position information of the distributed optical fiber sensor and the position of the hearth furnace shell are calibrated, the temperature of the position of the hearth furnace shell can be detected in real time, and the goal of predicting the hearth furnace shell burn-through is realized. The method for preventing the blast furnace hearth from burning through is detailed in a flow chart shown in figure 1, and the specific method is as follows:
1. acquisition of temperature information of optical fiber sensor
Laser light pulses are incident into an optical fiber for sensing, and during the forward propagation of the light pulse, scattering occurs due to the stress, density, material composition, temperature, bending deformation, etc. of the optical fiber, a part of the scattered light propagates in the opposite direction of the incident light and is called as backscattered light, and the returned backscattered light includes RayLeigh (RayLeigh) scattering, Raman (Raman) scattering, and Brillouin (Brillouin) scattering. The Rayleigh scattering frequency is consistent with the incident light pulse, the difference between the Raman scattering frequency and the incident light pulse is dozens of terahertz, and the difference between the Brillouin scattering frequency and the incident light pulse is dozens of gigahertz.
Aiming at the temperature detection requirement, the Rayleigh scattering signal is insensitive to the temperature change, the change of the Brillouin scattering signal is related to the temperature and the stress, but the signal stripping difficulty is high, the change of the Raman scattering signal is related to the temperature, and the Raman scattering signal is relatively easy to obtain and analyze, and fig. 2 is a method for laser scattering spectrum analysis, so that the method is mainly used for collecting the Raman scattering signal for temperature analysis in industrial application.
The Raman scattering can generate two signals with different frequencies, namely Stokes light (light with a wavelength longer than that of a light source) and Anti-Stokes light (light with a wavelength shorter than that of the light source), the optical fiber is modulated by external temperature to change the Anti-Stokes light intensity in the optical fiber, the ratio of the Anti-Stokes to the Stokes provides an absolute indication of the temperature, and the distributed measurement of the temperature field along the optical fiber can be realized by utilizing the principle.
The measured temperature T of a typical demodulation anti-Stokes Ra scattering OTDR using Stokes Raman scattering OTDR curves is expressed as:
wherein k is Boltzmann constant, h is Planckian constant, c is speed of light in vacuum, k is Boltzmann constant, V0 is incident light frequency, and T is absolute temperature.
From the above formula, it can be seen that to know the real-time temperature T of the environment where the optical fiber is located, T0 must be known, so a section of calibration optical fiber is introduced into the system to detect the temperature T0.
2. Position calibration by using optical time domain reflection principle
The optical time domain reflectometry technology is a theoretical basis for realizing spatial measurement on spatially distributed temperature. When light passes through the measuring physical field, the light energy is distributed in three ways, namely, part of the energy continues to propagate along the optical fiber transmission channel, part of the energy is absorbed, lost or scattered to the outside of the critical point in the transmission process, and part of the energy is coupled to the receiving channel and detected by the optical detector.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of calibrating a position of a backscattering of an optical fiber, when a laser pulse is transmitted in the optical fiber, in a time domain, a time required for an incident light to return to an incident end of the optical fiber through backscattering is t, and a path traveled by the laser pulse in the optical fiber is 2L, including:
2L=V·t
v is the transmission speed in the photon ray; c is the speed of light in vacuum; n is the refractive index of the fiber.
The length between the position point of the measured object and the light source is as follows:
therefore, the positioning information of each temperature acquisition point in the optical fiber temperature field can be determined by utilizing the optical time domain reflection technology.
3. Realization of distributed optical fiber temperature detection of blast furnace hearth
Under the trigger of the synchronous control unit, the laser generates a high-power optical pulse, the high-power optical pulse enters a section of optical fiber (used for system calibration) placed in the thermostatic bath after passing through the optical path coupler and then enters the sensing optical fiber, backward components in spontaneous Raman scattering light carrying temperature information generated by the sensing optical fiber return along the original path, the backward components pass through the optical splitter and are divided into two beams of light, two filters with different central wavelengths are connected below the optical splitter, Stokes light and anti-Stokes light are correspondingly filtered out, and the two beams of light are converted into electric signals through the photoelectric detector and then are sent to the data acquisition and processing unit. In the data acquisition and processing unit, electric signal amplification, denoising and algorithm are included, and finally, a temperature value is output.
4. Real-time detection of temperature of hearth and furnace skin of blast furnace
The diameter of a large blast furnace hearth of 2000-6000 cubic meters is between 10 and 18 meters, the area of the whole hearth is huge, a point-type temperature measurement mode is adopted, a large number of temperature measurement devices and complex connecting lines are needed, the cost is high, and the construction is difficult; and because more than 95 percent of blast furnace hearths adopt a cooling form of a cooling wall, the blast furnace is provided with a complex connecting water pipe at the periphery, the space of the hearths is narrow, and all furnace shell temperatures cannot be monitored by a planar array type temperature measuring device, so that a larger temperature measuring blind area can be caused. By adopting the distributed optical fiber temperature detection equipment, the optical fiber is continuous and can be bent, so that the optical fiber can be randomly distributed along the gap between the water pipes, and high-density and continuous detection is realized.
As shown in FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b, the optical fiber is arranged in the hearth of the blast furnace, the optical fiber is adhered to the furnace shell and passes through the inside of the water pipe, the temperature is continuously measured along the direction of the optical fiber, and the optical fiber can be arranged at certain intervals according to requirements. Fig. 5 is a view of actual installation on site.
5. Software function and interface display
FIG. 6 is the interface and function of the system software, the blast furnace hearth fiber temperature measurement system software mainly monitors the temperature of the hearth of the blast furnace, when the temperature of the hearth rises to a certain threshold abnormally, the system gives an alarm, and can mark the position information of the abnormal temperature point. The software of the system comprises: 1) setting a temperature alarm value, 2) setting a temperature rise speed alarm value, 3) setting a temperature-distance trend graph, and 4) displaying alarm information; 4) derive temperature trend data, and the like.
The accuracy of the novel distributed optical fiber sensor in measuring temperature and positioning is verified through experiments, firstly, a section of the 2500-meter-long distributed optical fiber sensor which is subjected to position calibration and temperature calibration is placed in a higher temperature environment (a mercury thermometer is adopted to measure the temperature value of the distributed optical fiber sensor), the environment temperature of indoor testing is about 32 ℃, the higher temperature environment of testing is 52 ℃, the position of the testing section is 414 meters, the indoor testing environment temperature, the higher environmental temperature to be tested and the position to be tested can be accurately measured through distributed optical fiber measurement, and fig. 7a and 7b show the actual operation effect of the invention. The effect can completely meet the requirements of measuring the temperature of the hearth and determining the position.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing a blast furnace hearth from being burnt through is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, closely attaching and fixing the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor on the surface of the hearth furnace skin of the blast furnace, and calibrating the position on the sensor and the position of the hearth furnace skin;
s2, obtaining temperature information of the corresponding hearth shell position according to the temperature of the sensor at the terminal of the correspondingly arranged control system in real time;
s3, when the detected temperature exceeds the standard value of the hearth shell management, the system can automatically warn that a hearth burnthrough accident possibly occurs.
2. The method for preventing the burnthrough of the blast furnace hearth according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the functions of the control system include temperature alarm value setting, temperature rising speed alarm value setting, temperature-distance trend graph, alarm information display and temperature trend data derivation.
3. The method for preventing the blast furnace hearth from being burnt through according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is specifically as follows:
s11, planning an arrangement route of the distributed optical fiber sensor on a hearth shell by combining a cooling mode of a blast furnace hearth, an arrangement condition of a hearth thermocouple and a design drawing of the blast furnace hearth;
s12, calibrating the position on the distributed optical fiber sensor, determining the position on a hearth furnace shell of the blast furnace, and matching the optical fiber position with the furnace shell position;
s13, fixedly mounting the distributed optical fiber sensor on a hearth furnace skin;
and S14, the distributed optical fiber sensor is connected with the communication optical fiber and is connected with the laser source and the signal processing module.
4. The method for preventing the blast furnace hearth from being burnt through according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 is specifically as follows: after the laser source emits pulse incident light, the pulse incident light is transmitted along the communication optical fiber and the distributed optical fiber sensor, the pulse incident light is scattered in the optical fiber transmission process, and a part of scattered light is scattered towards the reverse direction; in the scattered light, Raman reflected signals are stripped through a signal processing module, and temperature values are calculated according to the Raman reflected signals and the temperature; and calculating a position point corresponding to the temperature value according to the light speed, the refractive index of the optical fiber and the calibrated optical fiber position.
5. The method for preventing the blast furnace hearth from being burnt through according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 is specifically as follows: the control terminal software displays the temperature value and the position information in real time according to the calibrated laying position condition of the distributed optical fiber sensor on the hearth furnace skin, and when the temperature value of the hearth furnace skin exceeds a managed standard value or rises rapidly, the system automatically alarms to prompt a user to pay attention to the change of the temperature value, so that the occurrence of hearth burnthrough accidents is prevented.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113667784A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-11-19 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for judging erosion condition of blast furnace hearth |
| CN114018429A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-08 | 浙江中欣动力测控技术有限公司 | Wall temperature monitoring method and device for furnace wall of coal-to-liquid hydrogen gasification furnace |
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