CN112789047A - 抗螺杆菌药剂及其使用方法 - Google Patents
抗螺杆菌药剂及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112789047A CN112789047A CN201980064353.9A CN201980064353A CN112789047A CN 112789047 A CN112789047 A CN 112789047A CN 201980064353 A CN201980064353 A CN 201980064353A CN 112789047 A CN112789047 A CN 112789047A
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Abstract
本组发明涉及医学领域,并且可以在患有由幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)引起的胃炎以及胃和十二指肠溃疡疾病的患者中用作药物。该组发明的技术结果是消除了用于实现高抗螺杆菌活性的治疗剂对身体的毒性作用。该抗螺杆菌药剂的技术结果是这样实现的,即所述抗螺杆菌药剂是有效治疗剂量的组合物,所述组合物由以低聚果糖和菊糖形式的益生元组分以及以乳酸钙形式的代谢组分组成,所述有效治疗剂量确保胃粘膜的定植抗力和幽门螺杆菌的根除。该方法的技术效果是这样实现的,即抗螺杆菌药剂的使用方法包括以有效治疗剂量口服给药根据权利要求1‑5所述的抗螺杆菌药剂。
Description
本组发明涉及医学领域,并且可以在患有由幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)引起的胃炎以及胃和十二指肠溃疡疾病的患者中用作药物。
幽门螺杆菌感染(Helicobacteriosis)是一种由幽门螺杆菌(其对胃粘膜上皮具有很强的亲和力)引起的通过粪-口传播途径传播的传染病。幽门螺杆菌为中等大小、能动的革兰氏阴性短螺旋形S形细菌,带有4-5个鞭毛(丛鞭毛),是氧化酶和过氧化氢酶阳性的,表现出明显的脲酶活性,具有磷酸酶,形成硫化氢,并且不凝乳。幽门螺杆菌脲酶(尿素酰胺水解酶)限定了幽门螺杆菌发病机理的主要步骤,从粘附和胃粘膜定植直至癌前胃状态的形成[1-5]。
早在1985年,诺贝尔奖获得者B.J.Marshall教授(其为最早发现幽门螺杆菌的人之一)在观察治疗胃和十二指肠溃疡后获得的积极效果的同时,建议使用含铋的三联疗法来根除幽门螺杆菌。同时,他指出,由于资源有限,并非所有的带有幽门螺杆菌的患者均能接受适当的治疗。不能有效根除幽门螺杆菌感染及其复发的关键因素是抗生素耐药性。
甲硝哒唑和阿莫西林(在抗螺杆菌方案治疗中用作抑制剂的抗微生物药物)是引起不良副作用的强效药物。此外,合成药物对肝脏有毒性作用。因此,提出了没有毒性作用的药物。
例如,从专利第RU2367458号已知针叶树叶绿素(coniferous chlorophyll)-胡萝卜素糊剂作为药物组合物的活性成分用于抑制幽门螺杆菌型细菌的用途。这种处理的缺点是上述糊剂仅在培养皿中进行体外测试,只有在300mg/ml(30%)的高糊剂浓度下获得积极的效果。尚未进行动物(体内)或人体研究。
从专利号RU2315596(2006)中已知一种用于治疗胃溃疡的药物组合物,该药物组合物包含有效量的含铝抗酸剂和益生元,其中所述含铝抗酸剂为0.25-1.0g单次剂量的硫糖铝(sucralfate)或3.8-16.0g单次剂量的磷酸铝,并且所述益生元为2.5-16.0g单次剂量的低聚果糖(FOS);其中所述组合物每天服用1-3次。根据研究结果,所述药物组合物在治疗胃和十二指肠溃疡中显示出高功效。然而,在该专利中没有关于所提出的组合物的直接抗螺杆菌作用的数据。
专利第RU2416414号中提出的技术方案在本领域中是已知的,其中抗螺杆菌药剂为果胶酸钙(一种具有低酯化度的非淀粉多糖);所述多糖表现出以下物理和化学性质:酯化度为1.2%,分子量为39.3kDa,无水半乳糖醛酸含量为67.3%,钙为38mg/g/样品。所述药剂以前被称为益生元,其可以预防因摄取非甾体类抗炎药而引起的胃溃疡。在体外显示了果胶酸钙对幽门螺杆菌培养物的显著作用。
然而,所引用专利的发明人未在临床条件下进行任何抗螺杆菌活性的研究。各种实际的实验室和临床应用以及研究结果表明,在体外与体内条件下,抗菌制剂对多种感染因子的功效是不同的。
实际上,由于胃的酸性环境或其无法穿透细菌持续存在的粘膜下膜,因此发现大多数针对幽门螺杆菌的抗菌药物在体外都很有效,而在体内却无效(L.V.Kudryavtseva,P.L.Shcherbakov,I.O.Ivanikov,V.M.Govorun,Helicobacter pylori-infection:Aspects of Modern Diagnostics and Therapy(Physicians’Guide)。RF卫生部物理化学医学研究所,研究与生产公司“Litekh”,儿童健康科学中心,中央医院和诊所:诊所行政医疗中心(Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Medicine,Ministry ofHealthRF,Research and Production Company"Litekh",Scientific Center for Children’sHealth,Central Hospital and Clinic:Clinic Administrative Healthcare Center)。
与所要求保护的药剂最接近的类似物(原型)及其给药方法是专利第22538697号中公开的技术方案。所述专利描述了一种用于治疗胃和/或十二指肠溃疡的药物组合物,其表现出抗螺杆菌活性,并且含有选自下组的重组干扰素:重组干扰素-α、重组干扰素-β、重组干扰素-γ;防腐剂;选自下组的氨基酸:精氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、谷氨酸;以及选自下组的抗氧化剂:β-胡萝卜素、维生素C、维生素E,每1克混合物中的组分比(以g为单位)如下:
根据权利要求,该组合物含有防腐剂,其可以是以下化合物之一:溶菌酶、双氯麝酚(biclotymol)、夫沙芬近(fusafungine)、安巴腙(ambazone)、苄基二甲基肉豆蔻基氨基丙基铵(benzyldimethyl myristoylamino propylammonium)、复方新诺明、戊间甲酚、二氯苄醇、氯化十六烷基吡啶和苯佐氯铵。该组合物的缺点是其中所含的防腐剂是引起不良副作用的有效药物。此外,这些制剂对肝脏有毒性作用。
本发明的背景是我们在胃肠道疾病治疗中的工作,这些工作受到RF专利第2593584和22614730号的保护。我们已证明乳酸钙在微生态失调期间恢复肠道微胞饮,并且在肠道感染期间通过增加肠道粘膜的定植抗力,在有效日剂量下还表现出抗炎活性。
因此,其可以被推荐用于治疗动物和人类的感染性肠道疾病。然而,考虑到幽门螺杆菌在胃粘膜中的持久性和胃内容物的侵袭性,不能确定乳酸钙是否能有效治疗幽门螺杆菌引起的炎性胃病。
该组发明(无论是药物还是方法)的技术结果是在实现高抗螺杆菌活性的同时消除所给药药物对身体的毒性作用。
所述药物的技术结果是通过将抗螺杆菌药剂制备为有效治疗剂量的组合物来实现的,所述组合物包含以低聚果糖和菊糖形式的益生元组分以及与乳酸钙形式的代谢组分,所述有效治疗剂量确保胃粘膜的定植抗力和幽门螺杆菌的根除。
所述抗螺杆菌药剂可包含40-60%的低聚果糖、20-30%的菊糖和15-30%的乳酸钙。
所述抗螺杆菌药剂可包含55.1%的低聚果糖、23.7%的菊糖和21.2%的乳酸钙。
所述抗螺杆菌药剂可为0.5-1.0g的片剂形式。
所述抗螺杆菌药剂可为粉末形式。
所述抗螺杆菌药剂可为溶液形式。
所述抗螺杆菌药剂对成人和14岁及以上儿童的有效治疗剂量为3.0-4.5g/天。
所述抗螺杆菌药剂对0-3岁儿童的有效治疗剂量为1.0-1.5g/天,对3-14岁儿童的有效治疗剂量为1.5-3.0g/天。
所述抗螺杆菌药剂对动物(实验小鼠)的有效治疗剂量可为10-20mg/天。
所述方法的技术结果是通过每天1-3次以有效治疗剂量口服给药抗螺杆菌药剂来治疗由幽门螺杆菌引起的疾病而实现的。
可给药所述抗螺杆菌药剂以治疗和预防由幽门螺杆菌引起的胃和十二指肠溃疡。
可给药所述抗螺杆菌药剂以治疗和预防由幽门螺杆菌引起的胃炎。
可给药所述抗螺杆菌药剂以治疗和预防由幽门螺杆菌引起的实验性疾病(experimental disease)。
我们研究了包含所要求保护的药剂的成分的各种剂量。基于所获得的结果,我们得出以下结论:抗螺杆菌效果是由优选包含40-60g低聚果糖、20-30g菊糖和15-30g乳酸钙的组合物引起的。然而,在我们看来,最佳治疗剂量/反应比是在100g混合物中包含55.1g低聚果糖、23.7g菊糖和21.2g乳酸钙的组合物。
如下制备所述组合物:
1.实施例1.粉末形式的所要求保护的药剂的制备。优选地,取用所要求保护的组合物的成分以在100g组合物中包含55.1g低聚果糖、23.7g菊糖和21.2g乳酸钙,并混合在一起。
2.实施例2.片剂形式的所要求保护的药剂的制备。优选地,取用所要求保护的组合物的成分以在100g组合物中包含55.1g低聚果糖、23.7g菊糖和21.2g乳酸钙,并通过已知方法压片,得到重量为0.5-1.0g的片剂。
3.实施例3.溶液形式的所要求保护的药剂的制备。优选地,取用所要求保护的组合物的成分以在100g组合物中包含55.1g低聚果糖、23.7g菊糖和21.2g乳酸钙,混合在一起,并在使用前溶解于开水或蒸馏水中,以制备上述对于0-3岁儿童的有效治疗日剂量——包含在15ml液体中(5ml,每天3次),对于3-14岁的儿童的有效治疗日剂量——包含在60ml液体中(20ml,每天3次),以及对于成人和14岁及以上的儿童的有效治疗日剂量——包含在90ml液体中(30ml,每天3次)。
该方法如下进行:
由于要求保护的药物含有益生元:
低聚果糖+多聚果糖(fructopolysaccharide)以及乳酸钙(代谢益生元(metabiotic)),发明人将所要求保护的药剂归类为代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)。
通过所述方法以上述三种形式中的任一种制备的药剂经口服给药。
对于成人和14岁及以上的儿童,有效治疗剂量可以是3.0-4.5g/天,对于0-3岁的儿童,有效治疗剂量可以是1.0-1.5g/天,对于3-14岁的儿童,有效治疗剂量可以是1.5-3.0g/天。
当将所要求保护的抗螺杆菌药剂给药于实验动物(诸如小鼠)时,有效治疗剂量可以是10-20mg/天。该制剂优选通过G管以溶液形式给药到胃中。
幽门螺杆菌细菌对所要求保护的药剂(低聚果糖+多聚果糖复合物(FOS+FPS),乳酸钙)的敏感性研究
将幽门螺杆菌培养物接种到固体生长培养基上并在微需氧条件下在37℃下孵育。用浸渍了头孢噻肟和培氟沙星抗生素的圆盘和浸渍了所要求保护的药剂溶液(100g组合物含有55.1g低聚果糖、23.7g菊糖和21.2g乳酸钙)、乳酸钙(浓度:在1ml蒸馏水中2mg)的粗棉布测试片覆盖培养皿。
照片显示了生长的幽门螺杆菌培养物以及在圆盘和测试片周围形成的生长抑制区。
抗菌剂在培养皿中固体生长培养基表面上的位置:左上-代谢益生元(metaprebiotic),作为所要求保护的药剂(100克组合物中含有55.1g低聚果糖、23.7g菊糖和21.2g乳酸钙),右上-FOS+FPS复合物,右下-乳酸钙,左下-培氟沙星,中间–头孢噻肟。
所提出的代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)同时表现出抑菌和杀菌活性(幽门螺杆菌的生长抑制区直径至多为12mm);对于FOS-FPS复合物,其生长抑制区直径较小,至多为10mm,抑菌活性区稍小;在体外实验中,乳酸钙仅表现出抑菌作用。
所要求保护的药剂的抗螺杆菌活性的实验验证
为了研究幽门螺杆菌11细菌菌株与小白鼠机体之间相互作用的各个方面,通过手册[6,7]中所述的自发诱变制备标记为对利福平具有抗性的幽门螺杆菌КM-11(Rif11)菌株(其可用于与其他类型的微生物区分开来)。
通过对动物(其已通过以40mcg/天/动物的日剂量肌内给药地塞米松(KRKA生产,Slovenia),以诱导免疫抑制作用)口服给药幽门螺杆菌КM-11(Rif11)细菌悬液5天,在小白鼠中诱发幽门螺杆菌感染。用于模拟所述病理的所述方法的发明申请第2018117831号于2018年5月14日提交,另见I.Yu.Chicherin,I.P.Pogorelsky,I.A.Lundovskikh,A.S.Gorshkov,M.R.Shabalina,D.N.Smirnova,N.V.Bogacheva ExperimentalHelicobacteriosis in Laboratory White Mice Infected with Helicobacter pyloriPathogen.Infectious diseases.2008;16(2):77-85。
地塞米松通过使淋巴组织恢复原状(involuting)、抑制淋巴细胞(特别是T细胞)的增殖、抑制B细胞迁移以及T细胞与B细胞的相互作用、抑制淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞中的细胞因子迁移(白介素1、白介素2、干扰素γ)、并减少抗体形成,来诱导免疫抑制作用。
从动物粪便中分离出的幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌是螺杆菌在胃中繁殖并随后渗透到肠道的指示物。
将幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌在微需氧条件下于37℃下培养24小时。然后在等渗氯化钠溶液中以每0.2ml 2.10个微生物细胞的剂量制备细菌悬液。
给药地塞米松后(开始给药后第二天),向动物口服给药等渗氯化钠溶液中的0.2ml幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌悬液,每天一次,持续4天,每天收集动物粪便以确定从动物体内排出的螺杆菌的量。
在幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌悬液给药完成后,将动物分为四个治疗组:第1组:用要求保护的药剂(100g组合物含有55.1g低聚果糖、23.7g菊糖和21.2g乳酸钙)治疗,第2组:用FOS-FPS治疗;第3组:用乳酸钙治疗;第4组:不进行治疗(动物对照组)。从治疗开始,收集动物胃中的内容物用于匀浆并测定螺杆菌含量。
在含利福平的选择培养基上培养小白鼠的肠道匀浆悬液和粪便悬液,根据平板计数对结果进行处理,之后确定幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌在肠壁的定植率,幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌与动物粪便一起排泄的开始,幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌排泄的强度和持续时间。
根据所述实验结果,可以得出以下结论:在肌内给药地塞米松后的第三天以及在口服给药幽门螺杆菌后(也在地塞米松肌内给药后)的第二天,实验动物的粪便中出现幽门螺杆菌(375KOE/1g),并且之后甚至从未处理的动物的粪便中分离直至实验结束,在实验(观察期)结束时,数量逐渐减少至13KOE/1g。
因此,在2018年1月30日至2018年2月12日粪便中螺杆菌细菌排泄的持续时间为14天(根据在未给药具有代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)作用的药剂的动物组中的结果)。用该制剂处理动物将粪便排泄的细菌量减少至2-6KOE/1g。在对动物给药具有代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)作用的制剂后,粪便中的幽门螺杆菌的量继续下降5天以上。
从2018年2月5日至2018年2月12日粪便中螺杆菌细菌排泄的持续时间为8天(根据在未给药具有代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)作用的药剂的动物组中的结果)。
在肌内给药地塞米松的第5天(以及对动物口服给药幽门螺杆菌的第4天),在胃匀浆中每1g器官组织检测到260万细菌,这表明它们在胃粘膜上的粘附和定植。
当给药具有代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)作用的药物4天时,到第13天,即2018年1月31日至2018年2月13日,幽门螺杆菌从人体内完全清除。
在临床条件下验证要求保护的药剂的抗螺杆菌活性
本研究对27-69岁的男性志愿者进行。将幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌培养物在微需氧条件下于37℃下在含利福平的固体生长培养基上铺板24小时;然后以100亿个微生物细胞/30ml体积,将细菌悬浮在等渗氯化钠溶液中。
从志愿者的粪便中分离出幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR),这是螺杆菌在胃中繁殖以及进一步渗透到肠道的一项重要指标。
在实验的第3天(即给药幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)悬液后的一天),所有志愿者的粪便均显示RifR标记的幽门螺杆菌(见表格)。表格中的数据表明,在实验的第5天,志愿者粪便中的幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌含量达到最高水平,并直到实验的第7天基本保持在同一水平,之后不再将幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌悬液给药于志愿者。
即使在第7天(接受要求保护的药剂(100g组合物中含有55.1g低聚果糖、23.7g菊糖和21.2g乳酸钙)形式的代谢益生元(metabiotic)的第一天),志愿者粪便中的幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌含量仍然很高,直到实验的第11天(给药代谢益生元(metabiotic)的第5天),粪便中的幽门螺杆菌的量急剧下降。表格“在整个观察期内测定志愿者粪便中幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌的量的结果”中列出了这些结果。
在实验的第12天,所有志愿者在进行细菌学研究的粪便样本中幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)细菌的量均显著增加。接受了所要求保护的药剂形式的代谢益生元(metabiotic)的志愿者粪便中幽门螺杆菌的量的增加可能归因于幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)微生物细胞向胃腔的“分泌”,这些微生物细胞由于胃粘膜的定植抗力增强和由代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)引发的固有微生物区系的活化而溢出。
这种假设是可行的,因为当志愿者继续接受要求保护的代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)时,粪便中的螺杆菌的量急剧减少,直到实验第17天(接受代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)的第11天)完全消除。实际上,已观察到由代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)治疗而导致的幽门螺杆菌感染病原体的完全根除。
在实验的第8天和第9天,三名志愿者报告了胃灼热,服用了代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)后一天就停止了。在实验的第12天,腹上区的不适感消失了。另外,在实验的第12至14天,四名志愿者报告了大便次数增加和粪便颜色改变;将粪便样品离心后,粪便呈红褐色,与上清液相同,被认为是急性胃炎的一种表现。在实验接下来几天,粪便颜色和大便频率的短期变化停止了,而志愿者继续接受要求保护的药剂形式的代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)。
在接受所述代谢益生元(metaprebiotic)的两周期间结束及之后(在2周和一个月内),志愿者粪便的细菌学研究未发现幽门螺杆菌КM-11(RifR)微生物细胞。此后未观察到志愿者的健康状态及其工作表现的变化。
所给出的积极效果为某些乐观情绪提供了基础。在给药具有益生元作用的药物(所要求保护的药剂,其为有效治疗剂量的组合物,所述组合物包含以低聚果糖和菊糖形式的益生元组分以及以乳酸钙形式的代谢组分,FOS+FPS,乳酸钙)期间,在实验动物被证明其胃部完全清除了螺杆菌病原体的情况下,以及在志愿者自感染的实验研究过程中,我们逐渐认识到可以实现临床医生的梦想。
在这两种情况下,在对实验室小白鼠的实验和自感染志愿者的实验中,都对所要求保护的药剂提供的胃粘膜定植抗力和根除幽门螺杆菌的治疗功效进行了测试。基于以下治疗效果,可以认为该制剂非常接近“理想的抗微生物剂”:
-不是经典的抗生素,也不会产生抗药性;
-窄谱药剂。抑制幽门螺杆菌的生长,同时刺激固有微生物区系的生长(实验支持的数据);
-在实验动物和人类志愿者的胃的酸性环境中对幽门螺杆菌的特征性稳定的拮抗活性;
-穿透粘膜,到达幽门螺杆菌表面的目标而不会失去其抗微生物活性的能力,并且还改善了胃粘膜的定植抗力并促进其对幽门螺杆菌的净化作用。
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表
Claims (14)
1.抗螺杆菌药剂,其中所述药剂是有效治疗剂量的组合物,所述组合物包含以低聚果糖和菊糖形式的益生元组分以及以乳酸钙形式的代谢组分,所述有效治疗剂量提供胃粘膜的定植抗力和幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)的根除。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗螺杆菌药剂,其中所述药剂包含40-60%的低聚果糖、20-30%的菊糖和15-30%的乳酸钙。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗螺杆菌药剂,其中所述药剂包含55.1%的低聚果糖、23.7%的菊糖和21.2%的乳酸钙。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗螺杆菌药剂,其中所述药剂为每片0.5-1.0g的片剂形式。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗螺杆菌药剂,其中所述抗药剂为粉末形式。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗螺杆菌药剂,其中所述药剂为溶液形式。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗螺杆菌药剂,其中对成人和14岁及以上儿童的有效治疗剂量为3.0-4.5g/天。
8.根据权利要求1所述的抗螺杆菌药剂,其中对1-3岁儿童的有效治疗剂量为1.0-1.5g/天,并且对3-14岁儿童的有效治疗剂量为1.5-3.0g/天。
9.根据权利要求1所述的抗螺杆菌药剂,其中对动物的有效治疗剂量为10-20mg/天,所述动物为实验小鼠。
10.根据权利要求1-9所述的抗螺杆菌药剂的使用方法,其中每天1-3次以所述有效治疗剂量口服给药所述药剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的抗螺杆菌药剂的使用方法,其中给药所述药剂用于治疗由幽门螺杆菌引起的病症。
12.根据权利要求10所述的抗螺杆菌药剂的使用方法,其中给药所述抗螺杆菌药剂用于治疗和预防由幽门螺杆菌引起的胃和十二指肠溃疡。
13.根据权利要求10所述的抗螺杆菌药剂的使用方法,其中给药所述抗螺杆菌药剂用于治疗和预防由幽门螺杆菌引起的胃炎。
14.根据权利要求10所述的抗螺杆菌药剂的使用方法,其中给药所述抗螺杆菌药剂用于治疗和预防由幽门螺杆菌引起的实验性疾病(experimental disease)。
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- 2019-04-24 EP EP19868952.3A patent/EP3862001A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-04-24 CN CN201980064353.9A patent/CN112789047A/zh active Pending
- 2019-04-24 US US17/275,648 patent/US20220054538A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3862001A1 (en) | 2021-08-11 |
WO2020071953A1 (ru) | 2020-04-09 |
RU2713154C1 (ru) | 2020-02-04 |
US20220054538A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
EP3862001A4 (en) | 2022-06-15 |
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