CN112666651B - Panda type polarization maintaining optical fiber and optical fiber ring - Google Patents
Panda type polarization maintaining optical fiber and optical fiber ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN112666651B CN112666651B CN202011560616.6A CN202011560616A CN112666651B CN 112666651 B CN112666651 B CN 112666651B CN 202011560616 A CN202011560616 A CN 202011560616A CN 112666651 B CN112666651 B CN 112666651B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a panda type polarization maintaining optical fiber, which sequentially comprises the following components from inside to outside: a core layer, an annular cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer; the outer cladding layer is provided with two stress regions which are centrosymmetric along the core layer; the viscosity design of the annular cladding is improved, the refractive index and the geometric parameter are matched, better protection is provided for the core layer, the reduction of the protection capability of the annular cladding on the core layer caused by the reduction of the overall diameter of the optical fiber is counteracted, the crosstalk is reduced, and better crosstalk stability is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sensing optical fibers, and particularly relates to a panda type polarization maintaining optical fiber.
Background
The optical fiber gyroscope is a sensing device widely applied to measuring and controlling physical quantities such as force, heat, magnetism and the like, and has the advantages of low cost, high precision, quick start, miniaturization, strong environment adaptability and the like. The performance of the fiber optic gyroscope is mainly determined by the optical performance of the polarization maintaining fiber used for surrounding. In the market of fiber optic gyroscopes, miniaturization and high precision are the trend. The geometric specification of the polarization maintaining optical fiber used by the existing optical fiber gyroscope is basically 125/250, 80/165 type, and the polarization maintaining optical fiber of 60/100 type is reported, but the polarization maintaining optical fiber is not a mature product used in a large scale.
When the diameter of the cladding of the polarization maintaining fiber is reduced to 60 micrometers, the diameter of the glass cladding is reduced, so that the constraint capacity of the cladding on the optical waveguide is reduced; compared with the 125-micron cladding diameter of the conventional optical fiber, the stress region of the polarization maintaining optical fiber for the miniaturized device with the specification of 60 microns is correspondingly reduced in distance from the optical fiber core layer, and under the influence of external conditions such as bending, torsion, lateral pressure, temperature change and the like, the boundary defects of the stress region are increased, so that the optical waveguide of the fiber core is easy to be unstable, and the disturbance to the crosstalk performance is caused. While polarization maintaining fiber devices are being miniaturized, the devices are also required to have sufficiently high precision, good crosstalk performance and crosstalk stability.
The prior art can not solve the problems of unqualified crosstalk and instability of the 60-micron polarization maintaining optical fiber. To solve this problem, the present invention provides a polarization maintaining optical fiber product with improved crosstalk parameters and stability and a method for manufacturing the same.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a panda type polarization maintaining fiber, aiming at realizing viscosity transition between layers at high temperature by improving annular cladding components of the small-diameter panda type polarization maintaining fiber, and reducing crosstalk of a fiber ring prepared by the polarization maintaining fiber by matching with a geometric structure design, thereby solving the technical problem that the existing small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber is unqualified or unstable in crosstalk.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a panda-type polarization maintaining fiber comprising, in order from the inside to the outside: a core layer, an annular cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer; the outer cladding layer is provided with two stress regions which are centrosymmetric along the core layer; said annular cladding contains 0 to 6% by mole of fluorine, preferably 0.4 to 2.7% by mole of fluorine; and 0 to 6.5 mol% germanium, preferably 1.0 to 4.5 mol% germanium.
Preferably, said panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber has a viscosity lg η at 1900 ℃4Between 5.51 and 5.82, preferably between 5.54 and 5.78.
Preferably, the panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber has a thermal expansion coefficient of 3 x 10 in the range of-100 ℃ to 200 ℃ in the annular cladding-7/℃～5×10-7/℃。
Preferably, the panda type polarization maintaining fiber has a core layer diameter of 5-10 μm and a viscosity lg η at 1900 ℃1Between 4.26 and 5.35.
Preferably, the panda type polarization maintaining fiber has the core layer containing 2 to 15 mol% of germanium, preferably 3 to 8 mol% of germanium.
Preferably, the panda-type polarization maintaining fiber has a refractive index of the core layer of n1Having a refractive index of n for the annular cladding4Relative refractive index difference Delta between core layer and annular cladding layer14The value range of (A) is 0.3% -1.5%, preferably the value of delta 14 is 0.65% -0.96%, wherein,
preferably, the panda-type polarization maintaining fiber has an outer cladding layer with a diameter of 58 μm to 62 μm, preferably 59 μm to 61 μm; preferably, the outer cladding material is pure quartz or a quartz glass material close to the pure quartz, and is synthesized quartz by a gas phase method or a sol-gel method, or high-purity quartz sand fused quartz; preferably the outer cladding has two stress regions which are centrosymmetric along the core layer; the stress region does not intersect the annular cladding, i.e., the stress region is located between the outer cladding outer boundary and the annular cladding outer boundary.
Preferably, the diameter of the stress region of the panda-type polarization maintaining fiber is between 10 and 20 microns, preferably between 12 and 17 microns; preferably, the distance between the center of the stress area and the center of the cross section of the optical fiber is between 10 and 25 micrometers, preferably between 11 and 16 micrometers; preferably, the stress region contains 1 to 33 mole percent of B2O3Preferably containing 11 to 23 mol% of B2O3。
According to another aspect of the invention, an optical fiber ring is provided, which is made by using the polarization maintaining optical fiber provided by the invention.
Preferably, the optical fiber ring has a framework diameter of 80mm, and 300m of optical fiber is wound by 15g of tension.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the small-diameter (60 micron) polarization maintaining fiber provided by the invention is additionally provided with the annular cladding, and better protection is provided for the core layer by improving the viscosity design of the annular cladding and matching with the refractive index and geometric parameters, so that the reduction of the protection capability of the annular cladding on the core layer caused by the reduction of the overall diameter of the fiber is counteracted, the crosstalk is optimized, and better crosstalk stability is obtained.
The preferable scheme maintains the complete peripheral arc surface of the annular cladding, and provides better capability of resisting the influence of the stress area in the wire drawing process, thereby reducing the influence of the stress area on the core layer.
In general, the annular cladding layer provided by the invention can provide better protection capability, so that the core layer is less influenced by machining, and has lower attenuation, better crosstalk performance and better full-temperature crosstalk stability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic cross-sectional views of polarization maintaining fibers.
Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to designate the same elements or structures, wherein 1 is the core layer of the optical fiber, 2 is the outer cladding layer, 3 is the stress region, and 4 is the annular cladding layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The viscosity is temperature dependent, and the invention characterizes the viscosity by taking the logarithmic value of the viscosity of each layer at 1900 ℃. The viscosity eta is an important physical parameter of glass, and is defined as the internal friction force f to be overcome when two parallel liquid layers with the area S move at a certain velocity gradient dv/dx, and is expressed in Pa & S (the test methods include a glass fiber bending method, an elongation method and the like; for the sake of simplicity, the unit of lg eta (1900 ℃) is omitted, and only the value obtained by taking the logarithm of the viscosity expressed in Pa & S is shown):
the panda type polarization maintaining optical fiber provided by the invention comprises a core layer, an annular cladding and an outer cladding in sequence from inside to outside as shown in figure 1 or 2;
the core layer has a diameter of 5-10 μm and a refractive index of n1(ii) a The core layer contains 2 to 15 percent of germanium by mol content, preferably 3 to 8 percent of germanium; viscosity lg eta at 1900 DEG C1BetweenBetween 4.26 and 5.35.
The thickness of the annular cladding is 3-12 mu m (the thickness refers to the maximum value of the length of a line segment generated by the intersection of the radius and the annular cladding on the cross section of the optical fiber). The annular cladding layer may intersect or be separated from the stress region. The annular cladding is an annular layer that closely surrounds the core layer, preferably having a complete peripheral arc.
The annular cladding has a refractive index n4Relative refractive index difference Delta between core layer and annular cladding layer14The value range of (A) is 0.3% -1.5%, preferably delta14Is between 0.65% and 0.96%, wherein,
the annular cladding contains 0 to 6 mole percent fluorine, preferably 0.4 to 2.7 mole percent fluorine, and 0 to 6.5 mole percent germanium, preferably 1.0 to 4.5 mole percent germanium.
Viscosity lg η of the annular cladding4(1900 deg.C) is between 5.51 and 5.82, preferably between 5.54 and 5.78.
The annular cladding has a CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) of 3 x 10 in the range of-100 ℃ to 200 ℃-7/℃～5×10-7/℃。
Compared with the pure fluorine-doped annular cladding in the prior art, the fluorine-germanium co-doping is adopted to realize viscosity transition of the core layer, the annular cladding and the outer cladding during fiber drawing, and the final formed small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is better protected by matching with the thickness design of the annular cladding, so that the reduction of the protection capability of the annular cladding on the core layer caused by the reduction of the overall diameter of the fiber is counteracted, the crosstalk is reduced, and the better crosstalk stability is provided.
Particularly, the annular cladding has a relatively proper thermal expansion coefficient, and stress change caused by the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the temperature change core packages is reduced, so that the sensitivity of crosstalk to temperature change is reduced, and the crosstalk stability is improved.
In addition, the annular cladding provided by the invention not only has more proper viscosity and more proper thermal expansion coefficient, but also has lower refractive index, and has good constraint capability on the core layer optical waveguide.
The outer cladding layer has a diameter of 58-62 μm, preferably 59-61 μm; the outer coating is made of pure quartz or quartz glass material close to the pure quartz, and is made of quartz synthesized by a gas phase method or a sol-gel method, or fused quartz of high-purity quartz sand. The outer cladding layer is provided with two stress regions which are centrosymmetric along the core layer; the stress region preferably does not intersect the annular cladding, i.e., the stress region is located between the outer cladding outer boundary and the annular cladding outer boundary.
The stress area is circular or approximately circular, the diameter is between 10 mu m and 20 mu m, preferably between 12 mu m and 17 mu m, and the distance between the center of the stress area and the center of the cross section of the optical fiber is between 10 mu m and 25 mu m, preferably between 11 mu m and 16 mu m; the stress region contains 1 to 33 mole percent of B2O3Preferably containing 11 to 23 mol% of B2O3。
The optical fiber preferably further comprises a coating structure composed of a polymer, which is a double coating or a single coating. Preferably a single coating structure, the diameter d of the coating satisfies: d is less than or equal to 90.0 mu m and less than or equal to 120.0 mu m, preferably less than or equal to 90.0 mu m and less than or equal to 105.0 mu m; the coating material is polyacrylate which is used as an optical fiber coating, and the cured Young modulus is 80-350 Mpa, more preferably 90-210 Mpa.
According to the panda type polarization maintaining fiber provided by the invention, the maximum value of the absolute value of the compressive stress of the annular cladding of the fiber in the fast axis direction is more than 15MPa, and preferably more than 25 MPa.
The panda type polarization maintaining fiber provided by the invention has tensile stress in the slow axis direction, and the maximum value of the absolute value of the tensile stress is more than 10MPa, preferably more than 15 MPa. The maximum value of the absolute value of the tensile stress of the optical fiber core layer region in the slow axis direction is greater than 12 MPa; the stress in the direction of the fast axis is compressive stress, and the maximum value of the absolute value of the compressive stress is more than 17 MPa. The stress of each layer of the optical fiber at normal temperature consists of two parts of material stress and residual stress in the optical fiber drawing process.
The fiber operating wavelength (cut-off wavelength) is less than 1530 nm. The fiber cutoff wavelength is determined by the core diameter and the core cladding refractive index difference. The birefringence coefficient of the small-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber provided by the invention is 6.05-9.82 multiplied by 10-4；
When the working wavelength is 850nm, the attenuation of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is less than 3.0dB/km, the extinction ratio is higher than 20dB/km, and the cut-off wavelength of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is less than 830 nm;
when the working wavelength is 1310nm, the attenuation of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is less than 0.4dB/km, the extinction ratio is higher than 26dB/km, and the cut-off wavelength of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is less than 1295 nm;
when the working wavelength is 1550nm, the attenuation of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is less than 0.3dB/km, the extinction ratio is higher than 24dB/km, and the cut-off wavelength of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is less than 1530 nm;
under the temperature of minus 55 ℃ to 85 ℃, the variation of the total temperature attenuation of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 1550nm per kilometer is less than 0.2dB, and the variation of the total temperature extinction ratio is less than 3 dB.
The optical fiber ring made of the panda type polarization maintaining optical fiber provided by the invention has a framework diameter of 80mm, a 300m optical fiber is wound by 15g of tension, the normal temperature crosstalk typical value is-26 dB to-23 dB, and the crosstalk change at the full temperature (minus 55 ℃ to 85 ℃) is less than 3 dB.
The invention provides a preparation method of a panda type polarization maintaining optical fiber, which comprises the following steps:
heating the optical fiber preform with the quartz glass substrate to a viscoelastic state or even a molten state, and drawing, cooling and shaping to obtain an optical fiber; the wire drawing speed is more than 80 m/min; the optical fiber is forcedly cooled from the drawing furnace to the take-up device at a cooling rate of 1490-4700 ℃/s, preferably 1575-3800 ℃/s, and the uncoated bare optical fiber is subjected to a tension of 13-37 MPa in the viscoelastic state along the moving direction of the optical fiber during drawing.
In the drawing and cooling process, the stress area and the cladding of the optical fiber are converted from a viscoelastic state to a solid state, and the residual stress of the cladding in the fast axis direction caused by the drawing tension is more than 5 MPa. These residual stresses increase the birefringence of the fiber, which is beneficial for increasing the birefringence of polarization maintaining fibers. The method for testing the residual stress comprises the steps of sampling the optical fibers of the same batch for heat treatment, wherein one heat treatment procedure comprises the steps of slowly heating the optical fibers from normal temperature to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of less than 10 ℃ per minute, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, and then slowly cooling the optical fibers to the normal temperature at a cooling rate of less than 10 ℃ per minute, preferably less than 10 ℃ per minute. The difference in residual stress can be determined by measuring and comparing the stress of the heat-treated and non-heat-treated fibers using an FSA-100 thermal stress analyzer.
The following are examples:
the cross section structure of the panda type polarization maintaining optical fiber provided by the invention is shown in figure 1 or 2, and the geometrical parameters are as follows:
wherein d is1Is the core diameter, T is the thickness of the annular cladding, d2Is the diameter of the outer cladding, dsDiameter of stress region, D is the distance between the center of the stress region and the center of the cross section of the optical fiber, and D0Is the coating diameter.
The refractive index profile of the panda-type polarization maintaining fiber provided by the invention is shown in figure 1, and the refractive index and stress values are as follows:
wherein n is1Is the refractive index of the core layer, Δ14Is the relative refractive index difference between the core layer and the annular cladding layer, n2Is the refractive index of the outer cladding, Sr，qMaximum absolute value of compressive stress in fast axis direction of optical fiber annular cladding, SsThe annular cladding has the maximum absolute value of tensile stress in the slow axis direction;
S1，smaximum absolute value of tensile stress in slow axis direction of optical fiber core layer regionValue, S1，qThe maximum value of the absolute value of the compressive stress in the fast axis direction of the optical fiber core layer region.
The physical and chemical parameters of the panda type polarization maintaining optical fiber provided by the invention are shown in the following table:
wherein, Ge1% of chemical composition of core layer Ger% of the chemical composition of the annular cladding is the molar percentage of germanium content, Fr% of the chemical composition of the annular cladding, fluorine content in mol percent, B2O3% of stress region component B2O3Content, Ec is the Young's modulus of the coating, lg eta1Core layer viscosity lg eta at 1900 DEG C4Viscosity of the annular cladding at 1900 ℃ and CTE (unit 10) of coefficient of thermal expansion of the annular cladding-7/℃)，lgη0Is the envelope viscosity parameter.
The optical fiber ring manufactured by the panda type polarization maintaining optical fiber provided by the invention has a framework diameter of 80mm, 300m of optical fiber is wound by 15g of tension, and the performance of the optical fiber ring is tested as follows:
comparative example
This example has the same structure as examples 1-3, except that:
the annular cladding is pure fluorine-doped quartz glass, the doping amount is 0-2.7% of fluorine in mole content, the viscosity lg eta (1900 ℃) is 5.92-6.03, the diameter of a framework of an optical fiber ring made of the optical fiber is 80mm, a 300m optical fiber is wound by 15g of tension, and the performance of the optical fiber ring is tested as follows:
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (22)
1. A panda type polarization maintaining fiber is characterized by comprising from inside to outside in sequence: a core layer, an annular cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer; the viscosity lg eta of the core layer at 1900 DEG C1Between 4.26 and 5.35; the outer cladding layer is provided with two stress regions which are centrosymmetric along the core layer, and the stress regions are circular or approximately circular; the annular cladding contains 0 to 6 mole percent of fluorine and 0 to 6.5 mole percent of germanium, and the thickness of the annular cladding is 3-12 mu m; viscosity lg eta of the annular cladding at 1900 DEG C4Between 5.51 and 5.82.
2. The panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber of claim 1 wherein said annular cladding contains fluorine in a mole percent of 0.4 to 2.7%.
3. The panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber of claim 1 wherein said annular cladding contains 1.0 to 4.5 mole percent germanium.
4. The panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber of claim 1 wherein said annular cladding has a viscosity lg η at 1900 ℃4Between 5.54 and 5.78.
5. The panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber of claim 1, wherein said annular cladding has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 3 x 10 in the range of-100 ℃ to 200 ℃-7/℃~5×10-7/℃。
6. The panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber of claim 1, wherein the core layer has a diameter of 5 μm to 10 μm.
7. The panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber of claim 1 wherein the core layer contains from 2 to 15 mole percent germanium.
8. The panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber of claim 7 wherein the core layer contains germanium in a molar content of 3 to 8%.
9. The panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber of claim 1, wherein the core layer has a refractive index n1Having a refractive index n4Relative refractive index difference Delta between core layer and annular cladding layer14The value range of (A) is 0.3% -1.5%,
。
10. the panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber of claim 1, wherein the relative refractive index difference Δ between the core layer and the annular cladding layer14The value range of (A) is 0.65% -0.96%.
11. The panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber of claim 1, wherein the outer cladding has a diameter between 58 μm and 62 μm.
12. The panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber of claim 11, wherein the outer cladding has a diameter of 59 μm to 61 μm.
13. The panda-type polarization maintaining fiber according to claim 1, wherein the outer cladding material is pure silica or a silica glass material close to pure silica, synthetic silica by a vapor phase method or a sol-gel method, or high-purity silica sand fused silica.
14. The panda-type polarization maintaining fiber of claim 1 wherein the stress region does not intersect the annular cladding layer, i.e., the stress region is located between the outer cladding outer boundary and the annular cladding outer boundary.
15. The panda-type polarization maintaining fiber of claim 1, wherein the stress region has a diameter of between 10 μm and 20 μm.
16. The panda-type polarization maintaining fiber of claim 1, wherein the stress region has a diameter of between 12 μm and 17 μm.
17. The panda-type polarization maintaining fiber of claim 1, wherein the distance between the center of the stress region and the center of the cross-section of the fiber is between 10 μm and 25 μm.
18. The panda-type polarization maintaining fiber of claim 17, wherein the distance between the center of the stress region and the center of the cross-section of the fiber is between 11 μm and 16 μm.
19. The panda-type polarization maintaining optical fiber of claim 1, wherein said stress region contains B in a molar content percentage of 1 to 33%2O3。
20. The panda-type polarization maintaining fiber of claim 19, wherein said stress region contains 11 to 23 mole percent of B2O3。
21. A fiber optic ring, fabricated using the polarization maintaining fiber of any one of claims 1 to 20.
22. The fiber optic ring of claim 21, wherein the backbone has a diameter of 80mm and 300m of fiber is wound with 15g tension.
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| CN101825738B (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2012-09-26 | 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 | Panda type polarization maintaining optical fiber |
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