CN112629059B - Method for evaluating refrigerating capacity of room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material and heat exchange device - Google Patents
Method for evaluating refrigerating capacity of room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material and heat exchange device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112629059B CN112629059B CN202011633056.2A CN202011633056A CN112629059B CN 112629059 B CN112629059 B CN 112629059B CN 202011633056 A CN202011633056 A CN 202011633056A CN 112629059 B CN112629059 B CN 112629059B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 sensor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat exchange device, comprising: an insulated housing, circulating fluid, sensor, sample; the heat insulation shell is a closed container, circulating liquid, a sensor and a sample are placed in the heat insulation shell, the sensor is connected with a signal wire, the signal wire penetrates through the heat insulation shell to be led out, and the sample is made of a magnetic material with magnetic refrigeration capacity. The invention also discloses a method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of the room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material. The heat exchange device provided by the invention is used for expressing and evaluating the refrigerating capacity of the room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material in the form of heat, so that the problem of judging the refrigerating capacity of the magnetic refrigerating material in the existing magnetic refrigerating technology is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of room temperature magnetic refrigeration, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the refrigeration capacity of a room temperature magnetic refrigeration material and a heat exchange device.
Background
Generally, researchers evaluate the refrigerating capacity of room-temperature magnetic refrigerating materials by adiabatic temperature change Δtad and isothermal magnetic entropy change Δsm, and the comparison is applicable to the same series of materials or similar series of materials with less great composition change. In order to compare the refrigerating capacity between materials of different compositions, some scholars have proposed various semi-quantitative rating methods, such as using the product of adiabatic temperature change Δtad and isothermal magnetic entropy change Δsm as an evaluation index, etc.
None of these methods provides a clear indication of refrigeration capacity in terms of heat to a room temperature magnetic refrigerator designer. The existing various evaluation standards cannot tell a refrigerator designer that the heat which can be exchanged by a single cycle of certain magnetic refrigeration materials is insufficient to guide refrigeration and the designer to obtain the theoretical refrigeration capacity of the refrigerator according to a cycle model, and the refrigerator cannot be improved according to experimental data better.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of a room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material and a heat exchange device, which are used for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of the room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material in a way of expressing heat, thereby solving the judging problem of the refrigerating capacity of the magnetic refrigerating material in the existing magnetic refrigerating technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
a heat exchange device comprising: an insulated housing, circulating fluid, sensor, sample; the heat insulation shell is a closed container, circulating liquid, a sensor and a sample are placed in the heat insulation shell, the sensor is connected with a signal wire, the signal wire penetrates through the heat insulation shell to be led out, and the sample is made of a magnetic material with magnetic refrigeration capacity.
Further, the circulating liquid adopts H as the component 2 O, an anticoagulant is added; the sensor adopts a film platinum resistor, the measuring range is 233K-673K, and the precision is +/-0.15K; the signal wire adopts the copper line, and the signal wire is connected with display and memory.
Further, the heat insulating housing includes: the heat-insulating shell comprises a heat-insulating shell body and an upper cover, wherein the upper cover is connected with the heat-insulating shell body through a screw, and the upper cover is provided with a liquid filling opening.
Further, a sealant is provided at the contact position between the signal line and the heat insulating housing.
Further, a heat preservation pad is arranged on the outer side of the heat insulation shell.
A method of evaluating the refrigeration capacity of a room temperature magnetic refrigeration material comprising:
the sensor measures the temperature of the current circulating liquid, sends a first temperature value to an external memory and a display, and records the mass of the circulating liquid and the sample in the heat exchange device;
changing the magnetic field environment of the heat exchange device, changing the temperature of a sample in the heat insulation shell under the magneto-thermal effect, changing the temperature of circulating liquid by the sample, measuring the temperature of the circulating liquid after changing the temperature by the sensor, and sending a second temperature value to an external memory and a display;
according to the relation between the adiabatic temperature change and the temperature of the sample, the mass of the sample and the specific heat capacity of the circulating liquid, the heat quantity q transferred between the unit mass sample and the unit mass circulating liquid at the maximum equilibrium temperature is obtained, and the refrigerating capacity of the sample in room temperature magnetic refrigeration is determined according to q.
Preferably, the heat exchange device is placed in an environment where a magnetic field is applied, the temperature of the sample in the insulated housing is increased under the magnetocaloric effect, the sample heats the circulating liquid, and the temperature of the circulating liquid is increased.
Preferably, the heat exchange device is removed from the magnetic field environment, the temperature of the sample in the insulated housing is reduced under the magnetocaloric effect, the sample is cooled down to the circulating liquid, and the temperature of the circulating liquid is reduced.
Preferably:
the temperature of the current circulating liquid is the ambient temperature T, the mass of the sample serving as a room temperature magnetic refrigeration material is X, the mass of the circulating liquid is L, and the specific heat capacity of the circulating liquid is C L The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Sample from magnetic field strength H 1 Adiabatic demagnetization to 0, when the ambient temperature is T, the adiabatic temperature of the sample becomes delta T, temperature T e The method comprises the following steps: t (T) e ＝T-ΔT；
Heat exchange between the sample and the circulating liquid, and settingEquilibrium temperature T B From the temperature value T e To a temperature value T B Is C a Then
C a ·X·(T B -T e )＝C L ·L·(T-T B )，
From this, the heat quantity Q transferred from the sample to the circulating fluid at the temperature T is determined as:
Q＝C L ·L·(T-T B )
the amount of heat q transferred between the sample of unit mass and the circulating liquid of unit mass is,
obtaining T under the condition of given heat capacity of sample and circulating liquid B Maximum mass ratio.
Preferably:
room temperature T, sample mass x, adiabatic temperature delta T, thermocycling liquid mass l, heat capacity C l Equilibrium temperature T B The average heat capacity of the sample is Ca, and the heat which can be exported per unit mass during phase change can be expressed as:
the technical effects of the invention include:
the invention is proposed aiming at the traditional compressed gas refrigerating system, and can calculate the maximum refrigerating temperature difference and maximum refrigerating power which can be achieved theoretically by using a room temperature magnetic refrigerator when a certain magnetic refrigerating material is used as a refrigerating working medium.
The invention can semi-quantitatively determine the refrigerating capacity of the room temperature magnetic refrigerating material, and can calculate the refrigerating capacity of the magnetic refrigerator which can be realized after the magnetic refrigerator circulates for a limited time, thereby providing effective quantization indexes for improving the refrigerating and designing for room temperature magnetic refrigerator designers and greatly improving the judgment of the refrigerating capacity of the magnetic refrigerating material.
The adiabatic process of the magnetic phase change with the material as the object, namely adiabatic demagnetization or adiabatic magnetization of the material, and the characteristic parameter is the relationship between adiabatic temperature change and temperature; the heat exchange is an adiabatic process in which a material and a certain amount of heat exchange medium are targeted, and the two are balanced by heat exchange. And at different temperatures, heat transferred to the heat exchange liquid in unit volume or mass can be transferred when the magnetic phase of the unit mass or volume magnetic refrigerating material changes. In the invention, the maximum refrigerating temperature difference and maximum refrigerating power which can be achieved theoretically by using a room temperature magnetic refrigerator when a certain magnetic refrigerating material is used as a refrigerating working medium are obtained by taking the limit of the mass of the exchange liquid which participates in heat exchange to obtain the heat transferred to the circulating liquid when the unit mass or volume of the magnetic refrigerating material is subjected to magnetic phase change.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a heat exchange apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description fully illustrates the specific embodiments of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to practice and reproduce it.
As shown in fig. 1, the heat exchange device of the present invention is schematically constructed.
The heat exchange device includes: a heat-insulating housing 1, a circulating liquid 2, a sensor 3, and a sample 4; the heat-insulating shell 1 is a closed container, the circulating liquid 2, the sensor 3 and the sample 4 are placed in the heat-insulating shell 1, the sensor 3 is connected with a signal wire 31, and the signal wire 31 passes through the heat-insulating shell 1 to be led out to the outside so as to be connected with external devices such as a display, a memory and the like.
The heat insulating housing 1 includes: the upper cover is connected with the heat insulation shell body through screws, and the upper cover can be provided with a liquid filling opening. After the circulating liquid 2 and the sample 4 are put into the heat insulation shell body, the heat insulation shell body is connected with the upper cover by using screws; the contact position between the signal line 31 and the heat insulating housing 1 is provided with a sealant. A heat insulating pad may be provided outside the heat insulating casing 1 to isolate the influence of the external environment on the temperature of the circulating liquid 2.
The circulating liquid 2 adopts H as the component 2 O, anticoagulant component can be added, and the circulating liquid 2 needs to remove bubbles formed during filling so as not to influence heat exchange.
The sensor 3 adopts a film platinum resistor, the measuring range is 233K-673K, and the precision is +/-0.15K. The signal line 31 is made of a highly conductive copper wire, the contact position between the signal line 31 and the heat insulating housing 1 is sealed, and the signal line 31 is connected to the display.
Sample 4 is a magnetic material with magnetic refrigeration capability.
The method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of the room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: the sensor 3 measures the temperature of the current circulating liquid 2, sends a first temperature value to an external memory and a display, and records the mass of the circulating liquid 2 and the sample 4 in the heat exchange device;
the current temperature of the circulating liquid 2 is the ambient temperature T (K), the mass of the sample 4 (used as a room temperature magnetic refrigeration material) is X (g), the mass of the circulating liquid 2 is L (g), and the specific heat capacity of the circulating liquid 2 is C L (J/kg·K)。
Step 2: changing the magnetic field environment of the heat exchange device, changing the temperature of the sample 4 in the heat insulation shell 1 under the magneto-thermal effect, changing the temperature of the circulating liquid 2 by the sample 4, measuring the temperature of the circulating liquid 2 after changing the temperature by the sensor 3, and sending a second temperature value to an external memory and a display;
(1) The heat exchange device is placed in an environment where a magnetic field is applied (adiabatic magnetization), the temperature of the sample 4 is increased in the adiabatic case 1 by the magnetocaloric effect, the sample 4 heats the circulating liquid 2, and the temperature of the circulating liquid 2 is increased.
(2) The heat exchanger is taken out of the magnetic field environment (adiabatic demagnetization), the temperature of the sample 4 in the adiabatic housing 1 is reduced under the magnetocaloric effect, the sample 4 is cooled down to the circulating liquid 2, and the temperature of the circulating liquid 2 is reduced.
Step 3: and obtaining the relationship between the adiabatic temperature change and the temperature of the sample 4 according to the first temperature value and the second temperature value, obtaining the heat quantity q transferred between the sample 4 with unit mass and the circulating liquid 2 with unit mass at the maximum equilibrium temperature by the mass of the sample 4 and the specific heat capacity of the circulating liquid 2, and determining the refrigerating capacity of the sample 4 in room temperature magnetic refrigeration according to q.
The heat exchange is an adiabatic process targeting sample 4 and a certain amount of circulating liquid 2 (heat exchange medium), both of which are balanced by the heat exchange. At different temperatures, heat can be transferred to the unit volume or mass of circulating liquid 2 when the unit mass or volume of sample 4 (magnetic refrigeration material) is magnetically transformed. The heat which can be transferred to the circulating liquid 2 during the magnetic phase change of the unit mass or volume magnetic refrigerating material is obtained by taking the limit on the mass of the circulating liquid 2 which participates in heat exchange.
Sample 4 from magnetic field strength H 1 (T) adiabatic demagnetization to 0 (T), at an ambient temperature of T, sample 4 becomes ΔT (T) at an adiabatic temperature of final temperature T e The method comprises the following steps:
T e ＝T-ΔT (1)
sample 4 exchanges heat with circulating liquid 2, assuming an equilibrium temperature T B Sample 4 from the temperature value T e To a temperature value T B Is C a There are, for example,
C a ·X·(T B -T e )＝C L ·L·(T-T B ) (2)
from the equation (1) and the equation (2), it can be found that:
from this, it can be found that, at the temperature T, the heat quantity Q transferred from the sample 4 to the circulating liquid 2 is,
Q＝C L ·L·(T-T B ) (4)
the amount of heat q transferred between the unit mass of the sample 4 and the unit mass of the circulating liquid 2 is,
given the heat capacities of sample 4 and circulating fluid 2, one can determine the T B Maximum mass ratio.
Due toHere, the limiting refrigerating capacity of sample 4 is determined, so that the maximum value T Bmax Q is determined max Can be used as a parameter for comparison between different materials.
Whereby equation (5) can be rewritten as,
further, let room temperature T, sample mass x, adiabatic temperature at a certain temperature change to DeltaT, thermocycling fluid mass l, heat capacity C l Let the equilibrium temperature be T B And T-T B To T B The average heat capacity of the sample is Ca, so that the heat which can be exported during phase change only per unit mass can be expressed as,
the invention can semi-quantitatively determine the refrigerating capacity of the room temperature magnetic refrigerating material, and can calculate the refrigerating capacity of the magnetic refrigerator which can be realized after the magnetic refrigerator circulates for a limited time, thereby providing effective quantization indexes for improving the refrigerating and designing for room temperature magnetic refrigerator designers and greatly improving the judgment of the refrigerating capacity of the magnetic refrigerating material.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and illustration only and is not intended to be limiting. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method of evaluating the refrigeration capacity of a room temperature magnetic refrigeration material, comprising:
the sensor measures the temperature of the current circulating liquid, sends a first temperature value to an external memory and a display, and records the mass of the circulating liquid and the sample in the heat exchange device;
changing the magnetic field environment of the heat exchange device, changing the temperature of a sample in the heat insulation shell under the magneto-thermal effect, changing the temperature of circulating liquid by the sample, measuring the temperature of the circulating liquid after changing the temperature by the sensor, and sending a second temperature value to an external memory and a display;
according to the relationship between the adiabatic temperature change and the temperature of the sample, the mass of the sample and the specific heat capacity of the circulating liquid, the heat quantity q transferred between the unit mass sample and the unit mass circulating liquid at the maximum equilibrium temperature is obtained, and the refrigerating capacity of the sample in room temperature magnetic refrigeration is determined according to q;
the heat exchange device includes: an insulated housing, circulating fluid, sensor, sample; the heat insulation shell is a closed container, circulating liquid, a sensor and a sample are placed in the heat insulation shell, the sensor is connected with a signal wire, the signal wire penetrates through the heat insulation shell to be led out, and the sample is made of a magnetic material with magnetic refrigeration capacity; the circulating liquid adopts H as the component 2 O, an anticoagulant is added; the sensor adopts a film platinum resistor, the measuring range is 233K-673K, and the precision is +/-0.15K; the signal wire adopts copper wires, and the signal wire is connected with the display and the memory;
the heat exchange device is placed in an environment where a magnetic field is applied, under the magneto-thermal effect, the temperature of a sample in the heat insulation shell is increased, the sample heats circulating liquid, and the temperature of the circulating liquid is increased; and taking the heat exchange device out of the magnetic field environment, and reducing the temperature of the sample in the heat insulation shell under the magnetocaloric effect, wherein the sample reduces the temperature of the circulating liquid.
2. The method of evaluating the refrigerating capacity of a room temperature magnetic refrigeration material as recited in claim 1 wherein said heat exchange device's heat insulating housing comprises: the heat-insulating shell comprises a heat-insulating shell body and an upper cover, wherein the upper cover is connected with the heat-insulating shell body through a screw, and the upper cover is provided with a liquid filling opening.
3. The method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of a room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material according to claim 1, wherein a sealant is provided at a contact position of a signal line and an insulating case of the heat exchange device.
4. The method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of a room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material as recited in claim 1, wherein a heat-insulating pad is provided outside an insulating case of said heat exchanging apparatus.
5. The method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of a room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the temperature of the current circulating liquid is the ambient temperature T, the mass of the sample serving as a room temperature magnetic refrigeration material is X, the mass of the circulating liquid is L, and the specific heat capacity of the circulating liquid is C L The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Sample from magnetic field strength H 1 Adiabatic demagnetization to 0, when the ambient temperature is T, the adiabatic temperature of the sample becomes delta T, temperature T e The method comprises the following steps: t (T) e ＝T-ΔT；
Heat exchange is carried out between the sample and the circulating liquid, and the equilibrium temperature is set to be T B From the temperature value T e To a temperature value T B Is C a Then
C a ·X·(T B -T e )＝C L ·L·(T-T B )，
When the temperature T is obtained according to the above method, the heat quantity Q transferred from the sample to the circulating liquid is as follows:
Q＝C L ·L·(T-T B )
the heat quantity q transferred between the unit mass sample and the unit mass circulating liquid is as follows:
obtaining T under the condition of given heat capacity of sample and circulating liquid B Maximum mass ratio.
6. The method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of a room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the room temperature T is the room temperature T, the sample mass is x, the adiabatic temperature is delta T, the mass of the thermocycling liquid is l, and the heat capacity is C l Equilibrium temperature T B The average heat capacity of the sample is Ca, and the heat which can be exported per unit mass during phase change is expressed as:
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