CN112589052A - Process for manufacturing precision casting silica sol shell - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing precision casting silica sol shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN112589052A CN112589052A CN202011400771.1A CN202011400771A CN112589052A CN 112589052 A CN112589052 A CN 112589052A CN 202011400771 A CN202011400771 A CN 202011400771A CN 112589052 A CN112589052 A CN 112589052A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/043—Removing the consumable pattern
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
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Abstract
The invention relates to a process for manufacturing a precision casting silica sol shell, which comprises three semi-preparation processes of a surface layer, a transition layer, a back layer and a sealing layer, can reduce the number of coating layers and obviously shorten the shell manufacturing period, wherein the surface layer slurry adopts silica sol and zircon powder and is sprinkled with 80-120 meshes of mullite sand, the transition layer slurry is prepared from the silica sol and the mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.4-3.6, the shell manufactured by combining the mullite sand mesh number, the slurry viscosity, the temperature and humidity control and the like has excellent high-temperature strength and does not influence the air permeability, and the process can be used for manufacturing shells of various products and has low cost. Wherein: the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, a wetting agent and a defoaming agent, wherein the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1: 2.8-3.0, and the viscosity is 35-45 seconds; the transition layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.4-3.6, and the viscosity is 28-35 seconds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of investment casting, and particularly relates to a process for manufacturing a precision casting silica sol shell.
Background
Investment casting, also known as lost wax casting, refers to the process of forming a pattern from wax, coating a plurality of layers of refractory materials, binders, etc. on the surface of the pattern, heating to melt and flow out the wax, thereby obtaining a hollow shell formed by the refractory materials, then melting the metal, filling the molten metal into the hollow shell, and cooling to obtain a casting. Silica sol is used as a high-quality water machine binder and is widely applied to preparation of investment precision casting shells, and the prepared shells have good high-temperature strength, strong high-temperature deformation resistance and stable performance, but the precision casting silica sol shell technology has the defects of high cost and long shell making period.
The method for manufacturing the mould shell by locking key investment casting of Chinese published patent literature (CN 111761028A) comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a coating master batch: weighing silica sol, zirconium powder, a wetting agent and a defoaming agent according to the mass ratio of 5: 16 to 20: 8 to 10: 8 to 12, and stirring for 8.5 to 9 hours to obtain a coating master batch; s2, preparing a paint diluent: diluting the coating master batch prepared in the step S1 into a coating A, a coating B, a coating C and a coating D by adding silica sol, and measuring the viscosity of the coating A to be 22-26S, the viscosity of the coating B to be 10-12S, the viscosity of the coating C to be 9-11S and the viscosity of the coating D to be 8-10S by adopting a coating-4 viscosity cup for later use; s3, upper layer: putting the wax mold into a barrel filled with the coating A prepared in the step S2, coating slurry, spraying mixed sand with the granularity of 85-95 meshes, hardening and drying; s4, upper second layer: putting the wax mould processed in the last step into a barrel filled with the coating B prepared in the step S2, coating slurry, spraying mixed sand with the granularity of 40-50 meshes, hardening and drying; s5, upper third layer: putting the wax mold treated in the last step into a barrel filled with the coating C prepared in the step S2, coating slurry, scattering mixed sand with the granularity of 25-30 meshes, hardening and drying; s6, fourth layer above: putting the wax mold treated in the last step into a barrel filled with the coating C prepared in the step S2, coating slurry, scattering mixed sand with the granularity of 25-30 meshes, hardening and drying; s7, and the fifth layer: putting the wax mold treated in the last step into a barrel filled with the coating C prepared in the step S2, coating slurry, scattering mixed sand with the granularity of 25-30 meshes, hardening and drying; s8, upper sixth layer: putting the wax mold treated in the last step into a barrel filled with the coating C prepared in the step S2, coating slurry, scattering mixed sand with the granularity of 25-30 meshes, hardening and drying; s9, upper seventh layer: putting the wax mold treated in the last step into a barrel filled with the coating C prepared in the step S2, coating slurry, scattering mixed sand with the granularity of 25-30 meshes, hardening and drying; s10, sizing: and (5) putting the wax mould processed in the last step into a barrel filled with the coating D prepared in the step S2, and carrying out slurry coating and drying to finish the manufacture of the mould shell for latch investment casting. The mixed sand is a mixture of zircon sand and mullite sand with corresponding granularity, and the mass ratio of the zircon sand to the mullite sand is 3: 7.
The above patent technology uses the wax mould as the basic object, forms 7 layers of strengthening layers on the wax mould base through the modes of slurry hanging, mixed sand scattering, hardening and drying, and finally seals slurry again, so that the shell making period is long, and each layer adopts mixed sand containing zircon sand, and the cost is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a process for manufacturing a precision-cast silica sol shell, which can shorten the shell manufacturing period, reduce the cost and realize good high-temperature strength and air permeability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the process for manufacturing the precision casting silica sol shell comprises the following steps:
s1, surface layer shell making: immersing the wax mould after tree group cleaning into the prepared surface layer slurry for uniform coating, taking out, uniformly blowing by using an air gun, putting 80-120 meshes mullite sand, uniformly overturning, and drying; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, a wetting agent and a defoaming agent, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1: 2.8-3.0, 5-8 ml of wetting agent and 3-5 ml of defoaming agent are mixed in each kilogram of silica sol, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 35-45 seconds;
s2, preparing a transition layer shell: the wax mould dried in the step S1 is firstly put into silica sol and then is immersed into the prepared slurry of the transition layer for uniform coating, and then the wax mould is taken out and turned for 1min to 3min, then put into 16 to 30 meshes of mullite sand, turned uniformly and dried; the transition layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.4-3.6, and the viscosity of the transition layer slurry is 28-35 seconds;
s3, preparing a shell by using a back layer: immersing the wax mould dried in the step S2 into the prepared back layer slurry to be coated uniformly, taking out and turning for 1-3 min, putting 16-30 meshes of mullite sand into the wax mould to be turned uniformly, and drying; the back layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.5-2.7, and the viscosity of the back layer slurry is 18-22 seconds;
s4, preparing a shell by using a sealing slurry layer: immersing the wax mould dried in the step S3 into the prepared slurry of the sealing layer for uniform coating, taking out and turning for 1-3 min, and then drying; the sealing slurry layer is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.8-2.0, and the viscosity of the back layer slurry is 9-12 seconds;
s5, dewaxing and roasting: and (5) dewaxing, roasting and cooling the shell obtained in the step (S4) to obtain the precision casting silica sol shell.
Preferably, the mesh number of the silica sol in the step S1 is 800-850 meshes, and the mesh number of the zircon powder is 280-320 meshes.
Preferably, the stirring time for preparing the facing slurry in step S1 is 26 hours.
Preferably, the drying time in the step S1 is 14 hours, the temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the humidity is 50-70%.
Preferably, the silica sol mesh numbers in the steps S2, S3 and S4 are all 1400-1450 mesh, and the mullite powder mesh numbers in the steps S2, S3 and S4 are all 200-250 mesh.
Preferably, the stirring time for preparing the transition layer slurry in the step S2 is 2 hours.
Preferably, the stirring time for the back layer slurry preparation in the step S3 is 1 hour.
Preferably, the stirring time for preparing the slurry seal slurry in the step S4 is 0.5 hour.
Preferably, the drying process control in the steps S2, S3, and S4: the temperature is 22-24 ℃, the humidity is 35-50%, the drying time of the step S2 is 18 hours, the drying time of the step S3 is 12 hours, and the drying time of the step S4 is 8 hours.
Preferably, the baking process in step S5 is: the temperature is 1120-1150 ℃ and the time is 30-40 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the shell making process comprises three semi-preparation processes of a surface layer, a transition layer, a back layer and a sealing slurry layer, can reduce the number of coating layers and obviously shorten the shell making period, meanwhile, the surface layer slurry adopts silica sol and zircon powder and is sprinkled with 80-120 meshes of mullite sand, meanwhile, the transition layer slurry is prepared by the silica sol and the mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.4-3.6, and the shell made by combining the mullite sand mesh number, the slurry viscosity, the temperature and humidity control and the like has excellent high-temperature strength and does not influence the air permeability, can be used for making shells of various products, and has low cost.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment provides a process for manufacturing a precision casting silica sol shell, which comprises the following steps:
s1, surface layer shell making: immersing the wax mould after tree group cleaning into the prepared surface layer slurry for uniform coating, taking out, uniformly blowing by using an air gun, putting 80-120 meshes mullite sand, uniformly overturning, and drying for 14 hours at the temperature of 22-24 ℃ and the humidity of 50-60%; the surface layer slurry is prepared from 830-mesh silica sol, 320-mesh zircon powder, a wetting agent and a fatty acid glyceride defoaming agent, the stirring time is 26 hours, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1: 2.8, 5ml of the wetting agent and 3ml of the defoaming agent are prepared for each kilogram of silica sol, the wetting agent is prepared by compounding heptadecyl imidazoline, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether and propylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 10: 6: 4, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 40 seconds.
S2, preparing a transition layer shell: the wax mould dried in the step S1 is firstly put into silica sol and then is immersed into the prepared slurry of the transition layer for uniform coating, the wax mould is taken out and turned for 1min, then the wax mould is put into mullite sand with 16-30 meshes for uniform turning, and the wax mould is dried for 18 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 22-24 ℃ and the humidity is 35-45%; the transition layer slurry is prepared from 1430 meshes of silica sol and 200 meshes of mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.5, the stirring time is 2 hours, and the viscosity of the transition layer slurry is 35 seconds.
S3, preparing a shell by using a back layer: immersing the wax mould dried in the step S2 into the prepared back layer slurry, coating the wax mould evenly, taking out the wax mould, turning the wax mould for 1min, putting the wax mould into 16-30-mesh mullite sand, turning the wax mould evenly, and drying the wax mould for 12 hours at the temperature of 22-24 ℃ and the humidity of 35-45%; the back layer slurry is prepared from 1430 meshes of silica sol and 200 meshes of moly powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.6, the stirring time is 1 hour, and the viscosity of the back layer slurry is 18 seconds.
S4, preparing a shell by using a sealing slurry layer: immersing the wax mould dried in the step S3 into the prepared slurry of the sealing layer, uniformly coating, taking out, turning for 2min, and drying for 8 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 22-24 ℃ and the humidity is 35-45%; the slurry of the sealing slurry layer is prepared from 1400-1430-mesh silica sol and 200-mesh mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.0, the stirring time is 0.5 hour, and the viscosity of the slurry of the back layer is 10 seconds.
S5, dewaxing and roasting: and (5) dewaxing the shell obtained in the step (S4), roasting at the roasting temperature of 1150 ℃ for 35min, and cooling to obtain the precision casting silica sol shell.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a process for manufacturing a precision casting silica sol shell, which comprises the following steps:
s1, surface layer shell making: immersing the wax mould after tree group cleaning into the prepared surface layer slurry for uniform coating, taking out, uniformly blowing by using an air gun, putting 80-120 meshes mullite sand, uniformly overturning, and drying for 14 hours at the temperature of 22-24 ℃ and the humidity of 60-70%; the surface layer slurry is prepared from 800-mesh silica sol, 320-mesh zircon powder, a wetting agent and a polydimethylsiloxane defoaming agent, the stirring time is 26 hours, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1: 3.0, 6ml of wetting agent and 5ml of defoaming agent are prepared for each kilogram of silica sol, the wetting agent is prepared by compounding heptadecyl imidazoline, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether and propylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 10: 7: 3, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 45 seconds.
S2, preparing a transition layer shell: the wax mould dried in the step S1 is firstly put into silica sol and then is immersed into the prepared slurry of the transition layer for uniform coating, the wax mould is taken out and turned over for 3min, then the wax mould is put into mullite sand with 16-30 meshes for uniform turning, and the wax mould is dried for 18 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 22-24 ℃ and the humidity is 40-50%; the transition layer slurry is prepared from 1400-mesh silica sol and 250-mesh mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.4, the stirring time is 2 hours, and the viscosity of the transition layer slurry is 30 seconds.
S3, preparing a shell by using a back layer: immersing the wax mould dried in the step S2 into the prepared back layer slurry, uniformly coating, taking out, turning for 1.5min, putting 16-30 mesh mullite sand, turning uniformly, and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 22-24 ℃ and the humidity of 40-50%; the back layer slurry is prepared from 1400-mesh silica sol and 250-mesh mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.5, the stirring time is 1 hour, and the viscosity of the back layer slurry is 20 seconds.
S4, preparing a shell by using a sealing slurry layer: immersing the wax mould dried in the step S3 into the prepared slurry of the sealing layer for uniform coating, taking out and turning over for 3min, and drying for 8 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 22-24 ℃ and the humidity is 40-50%; the slurry of the sealing slurry layer is prepared from 1400-mesh silica sol and 250-mesh mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.8, the stirring time is 0.5 hour, and the viscosity of the slurry of the back layer is 9 seconds.
S5, dewaxing and roasting: and (4) dewaxing the shell obtained in the step (S4), roasting for 40min at the roasting temperature of 1120 ℃, and cooling to obtain the precision casting silica sol shell.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a process for manufacturing a precision casting silica sol shell, which comprises the following steps:
s1, surface layer shell making: immersing the wax mould after tree group cleaning into the prepared surface layer slurry for uniform coating, taking out, uniformly blowing by using an air gun, putting 80-120 meshes mullite sand, uniformly overturning, and drying for 14 hours at the temperature of 22-24 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%; the surface layer slurry is prepared from 850-mesh silica sol, 280-mesh zircon powder, a wetting agent and a fatty acid glyceride defoaming agent, the stirring time is 26 hours, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1: 2.8, 8ml of wetting agent and 4ml of defoaming agent are prepared for each kilogram of silica sol, the wetting agent is prepared by compounding polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether and propylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 8: 2, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 35 seconds.
S2, preparing a transition layer shell: the wax mould dried in the step S1 is firstly put into silica sol and then is immersed into the prepared slurry of the transition layer for uniform coating, the wax mould is taken out and turned for 2min, then is put into mullite sand with 16-30 meshes for uniform turning, and is dried for 18 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 22-24 ℃ and the humidity is 35-45%; the transition layer slurry is prepared from 1450-mesh silica sol and 200-mesh mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.6, the stirring time is 2 hours, and the viscosity of the transition layer slurry is 28 seconds.
S3, preparing a shell by using a back layer: immersing the wax mould dried in the step S2 into the prepared back layer slurry, coating the wax mould evenly, taking out the wax mould, turning the wax mould for 3min, putting the wax mould into 16-30-mesh mullite sand, turning the wax mould evenly, and drying the wax mould for 12 hours at the temperature of 22-24 ℃ and the humidity of 35-45%; the back layer slurry is prepared from 1450-mesh silica sol and 200-mesh mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.7, the stirring time is 1 hour, and the viscosity of the back layer slurry is 22 seconds.
S4, preparing a shell by using a sealing slurry layer: immersing the wax mould dried in the step S3 into the prepared slurry of the sealing layer for uniform coating, taking out and turning for 1min, and drying for 8 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 22-24 ℃ and the humidity is 35-45%; the slurry of the sealing slurry layer is prepared from 1450-mesh silica sol and 200-mesh mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.0, the stirring time is 0.5 hour, and the viscosity of the slurry of the back layer is 12 seconds.
S5, dewaxing and roasting: and (4) dewaxing the shell obtained in the step (S4), roasting at the roasting temperature of 1150 ℃ for 30min, and cooling to obtain the precision casting silica sol shell.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example 1 provides a process for manufacturing a precision cast silica sol shell, which is different from the above example 1 only in that 80-120 mesh zircon sand is used for the sanding in step S1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example 2 provides a process for making a precision cast silica sol shell, which differs from the above example 1 only in that: the mass ratio of the silica sol to the mullite powder in the step S2 is 1: 1.5, and the wax mould dried in the step S1 is directly immersed into the prepared transition layer slurry to be coated uniformly.
The shells from examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were tested for performance, wherein the high temperature strength was determined according to HB5352.1-2004, investment casting Shell Performance test method part 1: determination of bending strength ", test temperature 1300 ℃; the air permeability is tested according to JB4153-85 'test method for high temperature air permeability of shell', and the test temperature is 950 ℃.
Tests show that the high-temperature strength of the shells prepared in examples 1-3 of the invention is equivalent to that of the shell prepared in comparative example 1, and is 4.6MPa-4.9MPa, while the high-temperature strength of the shell prepared in comparative example 2 is only about 3.5 MPa; the air permeability of the molded shells obtained in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention was equivalent to that of the molded shell obtained in comparative example 1, and was 5.8 to 6.0cm4G min, slightly lower than comparative example 2. Meanwhile, the surface quality of the castings prepared by the examples 1-3 of the present invention was better than that of the comparative example 2.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The manufacturing process of the precision casting silica sol shell is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, surface layer shell making: immersing the wax mould after tree group cleaning into the prepared surface layer slurry for uniform coating, taking out, uniformly blowing by using an air gun, putting 80-120 meshes mullite sand, uniformly overturning, and drying; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, a wetting agent and a defoaming agent, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1: 2.8-3.0, 5-8 ml of wetting agent and 3-5 ml of defoaming agent are mixed in each kilogram of silica sol, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 35-45 seconds;
s2, preparing a transition layer shell: the wax mould dried in the step S1 is firstly put into silica sol and then is immersed into the prepared slurry of the transition layer for uniform coating, and then the wax mould is taken out and turned for 1min to 3min, then put into 16 to 30 meshes of mullite sand, turned uniformly and dried; the transition layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.4-3.6, and the viscosity of the transition layer slurry is 28-35 seconds;
s3, preparing a shell by using a back layer: immersing the wax mould dried in the step S2 into the prepared back layer slurry to be coated uniformly, taking out and turning for 1-3 min, putting 16-30 meshes of mullite sand into the wax mould to be turned uniformly, and drying; the back layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.5-2.7, and the viscosity of the back layer slurry is 18-22 seconds;
s4, preparing a shell by using a sealing slurry layer: immersing the wax mould dried in the step S3 into the prepared slurry of the sealing layer for uniform coating, taking out and turning for 1-3 min, and then drying; the sealing slurry layer is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.8-2.0, and the viscosity of the back layer slurry is 9-12 seconds;
s5, dewaxing and roasting: and (5) dewaxing, roasting and cooling the shell obtained in the step (S4) to obtain the precision casting silica sol shell.
2. The process for manufacturing a precision cast silica sol mold shell according to claim 1, wherein: the mesh number of the silica sol in the step S1 is 800-850 meshes, and the mesh number of the zircon powder is 280-320 meshes.
3. The process for manufacturing a precision cast silica sol mold shell according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring time for preparing the surface layer slurry in the step S1 is 26 hours.
4. The process for manufacturing a precision cast silica sol mold shell according to claim 1, wherein: the drying time in the step S1 is 14 hours, the temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the humidity is 50-70%.
5. The process for manufacturing a precision cast silica sol mold shell according to claim 1, wherein: the silica sol mesh number in the steps S2, S3 and S4 is 1400-1450 mesh, and the Moire powder mesh number in the steps S2, S3 and S4 is 200-250 mesh.
6. The process for manufacturing a precision cast silica sol mold shell according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring time for preparing the transition layer slurry in the step S2 is 2 hours.
7. The process for manufacturing a precision cast silica sol mold shell according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring time for the back layer slurry preparation in the step S3 was 1 hour.
8. The process for manufacturing a precision cast silica sol mold shell according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring time for preparing the slurry of the sealing layer in the step S4 is 0.5 hour.
9. The process for manufacturing a precision cast silica sol mold shell according to claim 1, wherein: the drying process control in the steps S2, S3, and S4: the temperature is 22-24 ℃, the humidity is 35-50%, the drying time of the step S2 is 18 hours, the drying time of the step S3 is 12 hours, and the drying time of the step S4 is 8 hours.
10. The process for manufacturing a precision cast silica sol mold shell according to claim 1, wherein: the roasting process in the step S5 is as follows: the temperature is 1120-1150 ℃ and the time is 30-40 min.
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