CN112566223A - WLAN access point selection method based on multi-attribute weighting - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a WLAN access point selection method based on multi-attribute weighting, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: giving an initial access point selection policy; step two: in the current access strategy, each WS selects the optimal AP according to the selection of other WS; step three: recording the change condition of the multi-attribute weighting index of the WLAN before and after each WS changes the AP, so that the WS with the maximum increase of the multi-attribute weighting index of the network wins the opportunity of updating the currently associated AP, and the current access strategy is changed; step four: repeating the second step and the third step until the current access strategy is not changed; step five: and outputting the access strategy at the moment, and scheduling the WS according to the access strategy by the AC.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a WLAN access point selection method based on multi-attribute weighting, which is an access point selection method based on multi-attribute weighting and oriented to an IEEE802.11 wireless local area network.
Background
IEEE802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) has become a popular networking method due to its features of convenient deployment, low cost and flexibility. Due to the limited coverage of a single Access Point (AP), a plurality of APs are usually deployed in a large site to meet the coverage requirement of the WLAN. In such AP-dense WLANs, how a Wireless device (WS) selects a suitable AP for data transmission becomes a research hotspot.
Existing access point selection strategies can generally be divided into distributed strategies and centralized strategies.
In the distributed strategy, the WS collects some indicators of surrounding APs, such as the number of WS on the AP, signal strength or delay, and then selects a suitable AP according to the indicators. The distributed strategy has the advantage that WS can independently and quickly select an AP according to local information collected by WS, and the cost and structure of networking are relatively cheap and simple. The disadvantage is that after multiple WS selections, the resulting selection policy may cause network performance degradation. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 60, volume 3, Standard and failure of AP selection gaps in IEEE802.11 access networks IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology proposes a distributed strategy to maximize the total throughput of the network without concern for the specific throughput requirements of WS. A distributed strategy for improving experience quality is provided in 'AP Selection with Adaptive CCAT for sense Wireless Networks' on 2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and network Conference, but the load balance degree of the WLAN is not concerned.
The traditional access point selection strategy is that WS selects an AP with the maximum received signal strength based on the received signal strength index of the AP, and belongs to a distributed strategy. This simple selection is not suitable for AP-dense WLANs because it results in overall performance degradation of the network and unbalanced loading on the APs.
In a distributed strategy, it is local information that is collected by WS. In the centralized policy, an Access Point Controller (AC) centrally schedules the WS to select an appropriate AP. The AC has the authority to monitor the whole network and schedule the WS, and can collect global information. A centralized policy for a software defined network as an AC is proposed in Computers & Electrical Engineering, volume 66, A novel AP selection scheme in software defined network enabled WLAN. The centralized policy has the advantage that the AC can obtain global information to centrally control the access of the WS, which is beneficial to improving the performance level of the whole network. Chinese patent CN201910950925.5 discloses an access point adaptive adjustment method based on load balancing and adopting a centralized policy, but does not consider the throughput requirement of WS.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a WLAN access point selection method based on multi-attribute weighting, which is suitable for an IEEE802.11WLAN with dense AP, utilizes AC to carry out centralized scheduling on the AP and the WS, comprehensively considers the actual throughput demand of the WS, the service quality of the WS to the actual associated AP and the load balance degree of the AP, and provides a new multi-attribute weighting index. The overall performance of the network is ensured by maximizing the proposed multi-attribute weighting index through a two-layer cooperative game theory method, and a final access point selection overall strategy is obtained. Compared with the traditional method based on the signal receiving strength, the method can effectively improve the service quality of the WS and effectively balance the load on the AP.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a multi-attribute weighted WLAN access point selection method, the WLAN includes an AC, M randomly distributed APs and N randomly distributed Ws (N)>M). By using
Respectively representing a set of APs and a set of WS. Adjacent APs use non-overlapping frequency bands and therefore there is no adjacent AP interference. The WLAN is based on the IEEE802.11 protocol cluster (e.g., IEEE802.11 b, supporting WS physical layer transmission rates of 11,5.5,2,1 Mbps).The transmission rate is determined according to the channel conditions. The medium access layer protocol (MAC) employs a Distributed Coordination Function (DCF). Consider that WS in the network is in saturation mode, i.e. WS is always transmitting data to AP.
The multi-attribute weighted WLAN access point selection method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: given an initial access point selection policy. Each WS in the WS set selects and associates the nearest AP, and the selection sets of all the WS are recorded as an initial access strategy;
step two: in the current access strategy, each WS selects the best AP according to the selection of other WS, and the best AP can maximize the multi-attribute weighting index of the WLAN. Marking the Multi-Attribute weighting Index of the WLAN as WMAI (Weighted Multi-Attribute Index), wherein the calculation method of the WMAI comprises the following steps:
(1) in the formula ofi，jDenotes the association of WS i with AP j, λi，j1 denotes WS i selects association AP j, λ i，j0 means WS i does not select association AP j, Qi,jRepresents the service quality of WS i to AP J, J represents a load balancing index, alpha represents the weight of the attribute, and alpha belongs to [0,1]]。
Qi,jCan be expressed as:
(2) in the formula Thri,jRepresents the actual throughput, r, obtained after WS i selects the associated AP jiRepresenting the throughput requirement of WS i.
Thr in IEEE802.11 bi,jCan be expressed as:
(3) in the formula of Ui,jRepresents the time fraction s occupied by WS i after accessing AP jdIndicating the length of the data frame and having a value of 12272 bits, Ti,jRepresents the total transmission time required for Wsi to transmit a frame, bi,jRepresenting the physical layer transmission rate between WS i and AP j.
Ti,jCan be expressed as:
Ti,j(K)＝ttr+tov+tcont(K) (4)
(4) in the formula ttrRepresenting the transmission time, tovRepresents a fixed overhead, tcont(K) Represents the contention time of WS i with other WS on AP j, and K represents the total number of WS on AP j. t is ttrCan be expressed as:
tovdepending on the transmission rate used by WS. If transmitted at a rate of 1,2, 5.5, or 11Mbps, t is then at this timeov541, 305, 271, 262 μ s (these parameters apply to 802.11 b).
tcont(K) Can be expressed as:
(6) where SLOT is 20 μ s, CW denotes the contention window size, range CWmin31 to CWmax＝1023，Pc(K) Indicating the probability of successful acknowledgement at the MAC layer.
Pc(K) Can be expressed as:
Ui,jcan be expressed as:
(8) in the formula
Represents the set of all WS on AP j, tjamRepresenting the average length of time spent in a collision.
tjamRelated to the transmission rate of the participating WS in the collision, it can be expressed as:
tjam＝P1T1,j+P2T2,j+P3T3,j+P4T4,j (9)
(9) in the formula T1，j，T2，j，T3，jAnd T4，jRespectively, the total transmission time, P, required for WS with transmission rate of 1,2, 5.5, 11Mbps to transmit a frame1，P2，P3And P4This indicates the probability that the lower transmission rate at the time of collision is 1,2, 5.5, or 11 Mbps.
(10) Formula (1) - (13) wherein, K1To represent
WS number, K, with a medium transmission rate of 1Mbps2To represent
WS number, K, with a medium transmission rate of 2Mbps3To represent
WS number, K, with a medium transmission rate of 5.5Mbps4To represent
The number of WS with a medium transmission rate of 11 Mbps.
The load balancing index J can reflect the load condition of the network, J belongs to [0,1], and the more J approaches to 1, the more balanced the network load is.
J can be represented as:
step three: recording the change condition of the multi-attribute weighting index of the WLAN before and after each WS changes the AP, so that the WS with the maximum increase of the multi-attribute weighting index of the network wins the opportunity of updating the currently associated AP, and the current access strategy is changed;
step four: repeating the second step and the third step until the current access strategy is not changed
Step five: and outputting the access strategy at the moment, and scheduling the WS according to the access strategy by the AC.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the method utilizes the AC to collect global information and carry out comprehensive decision; comprehensively considering the actual throughput demand of the WS, the service quality of the WS to the actual associated AP and the load balancing degree of the AP, and providing a new multi-attribute weighting index; the overall performance of the network is ensured by maximizing the proposed multi-attribute weighting index through a game theory method, and a final access point selection overall strategy is obtained; compared with the traditional method based on the signal receiving strength, the method can effectively improve the service quality of the WS, effectively balance the load on the AP and improve the overall performance of the network.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system model diagram of a centralized AP-dense IEEE802.11WLAN of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a two-dimensional plane distribution diagram of WS and AP in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the multi-attribute weighted WLAN access point selection method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example (b): fig. 1 shows a system model diagram of a centralized AP-dense ieee802.11wlan according to the present invention.
Method for selecting a multi-attribute weighted WLAN access point, the WLAN comprising an AC, M randomly distributed APs and N randomly distributed Ws (N)>M). By using
and
Respectively representing a set of APs and a set of WS. Adjacent APs use non-overlapping frequency bands and therefore there is no adjacent AP interference. The WLAN is based on the IEEE802.11 protocol cluster (e.g., IEEE802.11 b, supporting WS physical layer transmission rates of 11,5.5,2,1 Mbps). The transmission rate is determined according to the channel conditions. The medium access layer protocol (MAC) employs a Distributed Coordination Function (DCF). Consider that WS in the network is in saturation mode, i.e. WS is always transmitting data to AP.
In the method for selecting a WLAN access point with multiple attribute weights of the present invention, the distribution of APs and WS of a network is shown in fig. 2, the number N of APs is 4, the number M of WS is 20, the network is based on IEEE802.11 b, and the flow chart of the method is shown in fig. 3:
the method comprises the following steps: given an initial access point selection policy. Each WS in the WS set selects and associates the nearest AP, and the selection sets of all the WS are recorded as an initial access strategy;
the values of the parameters are as follows:
(1)4 APs are sequentially coordinated:
(131,150)，(47,147)，(195,174)，(17,73)；
(2)20 WS coordinates in order:
(74,137)，(120,158)，(73,41)，(17,155)，(41,78)，(110,46)，(129,97)，(30,157)，(20,59)，(47,106)，(18,81)，(21,22)，(157,58)，(121,193)，(86,139)，(152,86)，(131,22)，(187,37)，(53,160)，(98,154)；
(3) the throughput demand vector for 20 WS is:
[7.16805396174300,6.18351035298953,4.29787707256262,9.38635931286922,7.43651567401482,7.61391387923788,8.87885735432173,4.47522637486622,6.52649150671093,10.1817770469035,9.57146391204876,5.00265744887344,5.04121160311539,4.73881870975361,4.06256234855468,7.38487508131333,9.24458539950332,9.78338019753620,8.24967434865951,4.87054350618436 ]; the vector contains 20 elements, each representing the throughput requirement of the corresponding WS in Mbps.
(4) The physical layer transmission rate matrix corresponding to 20 WS and 4 APs is:
[5.5,11,1,2；11,5.5,5.5,1；1,2,0,5.5；2,11,0,2；2,5.5,0,11；2,2,0,2；5.5,2,2,2；2,11,0,2；1,2,0,11；2,11,0,11；1,5.5,0,11；0,1,0,5.5；2,1,1,1；11,2,5.5,0；11,11,2,2；5.5,1,2,1；1,0,0,1；1,0,1,0；5.5,11,1,2；11,5.5,2,2](ii) a The matrix is a 20-by-4 matrix with elements bi,jAnd represents the physical layer transmission rate between WS i and AP j in Mbps.
(5) The initial policy vector is:
[2,1,4,2,4,4,1,2,4,2,4,4,1,3,2,1,4,1,2,1](ii) a The vector contains 20 elements, and the elements in the vector are AiAnd indicates the access point number selected by WS i.
Step two: in the current access strategy, each WS selects the best AP according to the selection of other WS, and the best AP can maximize the multi-attribute weighting index of the WLAN. Marking the Multi-Attribute weighting Index of the WLAN as WMAI (Weighted Multi-Attribute Index), wherein the calculation method of the WMAI comprises the following steps:
(1) in the formula ofi，jDenotes the association of WS i with AP j, λi，j1 denotes WS i selects association AP j, λ i，j0 means WS i does not select association AP j, Qi,jRepresents the service quality evaluation of WS i to AP J, J represents the load balance index, alpha represents the weight of the attribute, and alpha belongs to [0,1]]In this case, α is 0.5.
Qi,jCan be expressed as:
(2) in the formula Thri,jRepresents the actual throughput, r, obtained after WS i selects the associated AP jiRepresenting the throughput requirement of WS i.
Thr in IEEE802.11 bi,jCan be expressed as:
(3) in the formula of Ui,jRepresents the time fraction s occupied by WS i after accessing AP jdIndicating the length of the data frame and having a value of 12272 bits, Ti,jRepresents the total transmission time required for Wsi to transmit a frame, bi,jRepresenting the physical layer transmission rate between WS i and AP j.
Ti,jCan be expressed as:
Ti,j(K)＝ttr+tov+tcont(K) (4)
(4) in the formula ttrRepresenting the transmission time, tovRepresents a fixed overhead, tcont(K) Represents the contention time of WS i with other WS on AP j, and K represents the total number of WS on AP j. t is ttrCan be expressed as:
tovdepending on the transmission rate used by WS. If transmitted at a rate of 1,2, 5.5, or 11Mbps, t is then at this timeov541, 305, 271, 262 μ s (these parameters apply to 802.11 b).
tcont(K) Can be expressed as:
(6) where SLOT is 20 μ s, CW denotes the contention window size, range CWmin31 to CWmax＝1023，Pc(K) Indicating the probability of successful acknowledgement at the MAC layer.
Pc(K) Can be expressed as:
Ui,jcan be expressed as:
(8) in the formula
Represents the set of all WS on AP j, tjamRepresenting the average length of time spent in a collision.
tjamRelated to the transmission rate of the participating WS in the collision, it can be expressed as:
tjam＝P1T1,j+P2T2,j+P3T3,j+P4T4,j (9)
(9) in the formula T1，j，T2，j，T3，jAnd T4，jRespectively representing the transmission rate of WS with 1,2, 5.5 and 11Mbps required for transmitting one frameTotal transmission time, P1，P2，P3And P4This indicates the probability that the lower transmission rate at the time of collision is 1,2, 5.5, or 11 Mbps.
(10) Formula (1) - (13) wherein, K1To represent
WS number, K, with a medium transmission rate of 1Mbps2To represent
WS number, K, with a medium transmission rate of 2Mbps3To represent
WS number, K, with a medium transmission rate of 5.5Mbps4To represent
The number of WS with a medium transmission rate of 11 Mbps.
The load balancing index J can reflect the load condition of the network, J belongs to [0,1], and the more J approaches to 1, the more balanced the network load is.
J can be represented as:
step three: recording the change condition of the multi-attribute weighting index of the WLAN before and after each WS changes the AP, so that the WS with the maximum increase of the multi-attribute weighting index of the network wins the opportunity of updating the currently associated AP, and the current access strategy is changed; through steps 2,3, WS for the first time13Win the update opportunity and the policy changes to [2,1,4,2,4,4,1,2,4,2,4,4,2,3,2,1,4,1,2,1]；
Step four: repeating the second step and the third step until the current access strategy is not changed;
second iteration, WS15Win the update opportunity and the policy changes to [2,1,4,2,4,4,1,2,4,2,4,4,2,3,3,1,4,1,2,1]；
In the third iteration, WS6 wins the update opportunity and the strategy changes to [2,1,4,2,4,2,1,2,4,2,4,4,2,3,3,1,4,1,2,1 ];
in the fourth iteration, the current access strategy is not changed and still is [2,1,4,2,4,2,1,2,4,2,4,4,2,3,3,1,4,1,2,1 ];
step five: and outputting the access strategy [2,1,4,2,4,2,1,2,4,2,4,4,2,3,3,1,4,1,2,1] at the moment, and scheduling the WS according to the access strategy by the AC.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A method for selecting a WLAN access point with multiple attribute weights, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: giving an initial access point selection policy;
step two: in the current access strategy, each WS selects the optimal AP according to the selection of other WS;
step three: recording the change condition of the multi-attribute weighting index of the WLAN before and after each WS changes the AP, so that the WS with the maximum increase of the multi-attribute weighting index of the network wins the opportunity of updating the currently associated AP, and the current access strategy is changed;
step four: repeating the second step and the third step until the current access strategy is not changed;
step five: and outputting the access strategy at the moment, and scheduling the WS according to the access strategy by the AC.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step two, the WLAN multi-attribute weighting index is denoted as WMAI, and the calculation method of WMAI comprises:
(1) in the formula ofi,jDenotes the association of WSi with APj, λi,j1 denotes WSi selection association APj, λi,j0 denotes WSi not selecting association APj, Qi,jRepresents the service quality of WSi to APj, J represents the load balance index, alpha represents the weight of the attribute, and alpha belongs to [0,1]]。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein Q is in the formula (1)i,jCan be expressed as:
(2) in the formula Thri,jRepresenting the actual throughput, r, obtained after the WSi selects the association APjiRepresenting the throughput requirements of WSi.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said equation (2) isMiddle Thri,jCan be expressed as:
(3) in the formula of Ui,jRepresents the time fraction s occupied by the WSi after accessing the APjdIndicating the length of the data frame and having a value of 12272 bits, Ti,jRepresenting the total transmission time required for a WSi to transmit a frame, bi,jRepresenting the physical layer transmission rate between WSi and APj.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein T is the formula (3)i,jCan be expressed as:
Ti,j(K)＝ttr+tov+tcont(K) (4)
(4) in the formula ttrRepresenting the transmission time, tovRepresents a fixed overhead, tcont(K) Indicating the competition time of WSi with other WS on APj and K indicating the total number of WS on APj.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein t is the equation (4)trCan be expressed as:
tovdepending on the transmission rate used by WS.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein t is the equation (4)cont(K) Can be expressed as:
(6) where SLOT is 20 μ s, CW denotes the contention window size, range CWmin31 to CWmax＝1023，Pc(K) Indicating the probability of successful acknowledgement at the MAC layer.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein P is the formula (6)c(K) Can be expressed as:
Ui,jcan be expressed as:
(8) in the formula
Represents the set of all WS on APj, tjamRepresents the average length of time spent in a collision;
tjamrelated to the transmission rate of the participating WS in the collision, it can be expressed as:
tjam＝P1T1,j+P2T2,j+P3T3,j+P4T4,j (9)
(9) in the formula T1，j，T2，j，T3，jAnd T4，jRespectively, the total transmission time, P, required for WS with transmission rate of 1,2, 5.5, 11Mbps to transmit a frame1，P2，P3And P4The probability that the lower transmission rate is 1,2, 5.5, 11Mbps in the event of a collision is shown, wherein,
(10) formula (1) - (13) wherein, K1To represent
WS number, K, with a medium transmission rate of 1Mbps2To represent
WS number, K, with a medium transmission rate of 2Mbps3To represent
WS number, K, with a medium transmission rate of 5.5Mbps4To represent
The number of WS with a medium transmission rate of 11 Mbps;
the load balancing index J may reflect the load condition of the network, J ∈ [0,1], and the closer J is to 1, which indicates that the network load is more balanced, J may be expressed as:
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| CN104780614A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-07-15 | 上海交通大学 | Channel distribution and user correlation strategy based on AMAB model |
| CN109526042A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-03-26 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of network access point selection method of the LWA system based on OWMAD |
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