CN112356642B

CN112356642B - Electrical heating laminated glass

Info

Publication number: CN112356642B
Application number: CN202011229376.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈志新; 关金亮; 高连祥; 屠乐乐
Original assignee: Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-06
Filing date: 2020-11-06
Publication date: 2022-05-10
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-06
Also published as: CN112356642A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of glass products, in particular to laminated glass installed on an automobile, and particularly provides electric heating laminated glass. The second surface of the electric heating laminated glass is provided with a dark color shielding layer and a transparent conducting layer, the dark color shielding layer comprises an upper dark color shielding layer and a lower dark color shielding layer, the transparent conducting layer at least partially covers the upper dark color shielding layer and the lower dark color shielding layer, the first bus bar is in direct electrical contact with the transparent conducting layer on the upper dark color shielding layer, and the second bus bar is in direct electrical contact with the transparent conducting layer on the lower dark color shielding layer. The invention can ensure that the main visual area is uniformly heated, can also ensure good appearance and provide a shielding function, and meets the requirement of higher profile quality; and more heating power density is distributed in the main visual area; the abnormal energy accumulation can be effectively reduced, the energy distribution is adjusted, the heating uniformity is further improved, and the integral more uniform and more effective heating is realized.

Description

Electrical heating laminated glass

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the field of glass products, in particular to laminated glass installed on an automobile, and particularly provides electric heating laminated glass.

Background art:

it is known to electrically heat automobile glass by using a transparent conductive layer, for example, the technical solutions disclosed in patents US3313920, US5434384, US5824994 and DE102008029986a1, etc., the transparent conductive layer can meet the requirement of the automobile glass on visible light transmittance of 70% or more, and can generate heat under the action of current to rapidly remove water vapor, snow, ice, etc. on the automobile glass. In order to realize electric heating, at least two bus bars are required to be arranged on the automobile glass so as to input the current of the power supply into the transparent conductive layer, and the transparent conductive layer generates heat under the action of the current and generates heat, so that the temperature of the automobile glass is increased.

For the front windshield, at least two bus bars are usually arranged along the upper edge and the lower edge of the front windshield respectively, and since the front windshield of the automobile is roughly trapezoidal and the lower edge is longer than the upper edge, in order to ensure that most of the area of the front windshield is heated, the length of the at least two bus bars corresponds to the length of the upper edge or the lower edge close to the bus bars, a roughly trapezoidal heating zone is formed between the at least two bus bars, one side of the heating zone in the current direction is longer than the other side of the heating zone, so that a current intensive area is formed in the heating zone near the shorter side in the current direction, local hot spots are easy to generate, and the integral heating uniformity of the front windshield is damaged. Meanwhile, the front windshield is usually printed with ceramic ink as a shielding layer, and if the ceramic ink and the transparent conductive layer are located on the same surface of the glass plate, the transparent conductive layer deposited on the ceramic ink can weaken the electrical conductivity and increase the local resistance due to the roughness, the electrical insulation and the heat absorption effect of the ceramic ink, so that the overall heating nonuniformity is further deepened or local hot spots are generated.

With more and more electronic devices, such as ETC antennas, RFID antennas, rain sensors, cameras, laser radars and the like, mounted on the front windshield, the transparent conductive layer strongly shields electromagnetic radiation signals, which seriously affects wireless data transmission inside and outside the vehicle, and thus affects the operation of the electronic devices. In order to enable good penetration of the electromagnetic radiation signal of the electronic device through the front windshield of the automobile, it is necessary to remove the partially transparent conductive layer between at least two bus bars and close to the shorter side thereof to form a plurality of film removing windows (i.e. regions without transparent conductive layer), for example, patent EP1274597B1 discloses that at least two spaced film removing windows are provided in the transparent conductive layer, which further change the local current flow, thereby causing uneven heating power distribution, for example, partial regions are prone to generate local hot spots due to excessive current density, which is disadvantageous for the front windshield itself and for accessories mounted on the surface thereof.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention aims to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, the automobile glass electrically heated by using a transparent conducting layer is easy to generate local hot spots so that the whole heating is not uniform, and the like, and provides the electrically heated laminated glass.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an electric heating laminated glass comprises an outer glass plate, an intermediate bonding layer and an inner glass plate, wherein the outer glass plate is provided with a first surface facing the outside of a vehicle and a second surface facing the inside of the vehicle, the inner glass plate is provided with a third surface facing the outside of the vehicle and a fourth surface facing the inside of the vehicle, the intermediate bonding layer bonds the second surface and the third surface together, a dark color shielding layer and a transparent conducting layer are arranged on the second surface, the dark color shielding layer comprises an upper dark color shielding layer and a lower dark color shielding layer, the transparent conducting layer at least partially covers the upper dark color shielding layer and the lower dark color shielding layer, a first bus bar and a second bus bar are further arranged between the second surface and the third surface, the first bus bar is in direct electrical contact with a transparent conducting layer on the upper dark color shielding layer, and the second bus bar is in direct electrical contact with a transparent conducting layer on the lower dark color shielding layer, the method is characterized in that:

the upper dark shielding layer has a lower boundary close to the central area of the second surface, the lower dark shielding layer has an upper boundary close to the central area of the second surface, the ratio of the length L1 of the first bus bar to the length L2 of the second bus bar is 0.5-L1/L2-1, and the distance d1 between the bottom edge of the first bus bar and the lower boundary is less than or equal to the distance d2 between the top edge of the second bus bar and the upper boundary.

Preferably, the dark shielding layer has a visible light transmittance of less than or equal to 1.5% and an ultraviolet light transmittance of less than or equal to 0.05%.

Preferably, the dark shielding layer further comprises a left dark shielding layer and a right dark shielding layer, and the transparent conductive layer at least partially covers the left dark shielding layer and the right dark shielding layer.

Preferably, a distance d1 between the bottom edge and the lower boundary of the first bus bar, a distance d between the bottom edge of the first bus bar and the top edge of the second bus bar, a length L1 of the first bus bar, and a length L2 of the second bus bar satisfy 0.005 ≦ d1 ≦ (L1+ L2)/(d ≦ L1) ≦ 0.05.

Preferably, a flower point transition area is arranged on the second surface from the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer and the upper boundary of the lower dark shielding layer to the central area of the second surface, the flower point transition area comprises a plurality of solid point objects distributed at intervals, and the transparent conducting layer covers the flower point transition area.

More preferably, the dotted transition region has an upper transition edge adjacent to the upper dark-colored masking layer and a lower transition edge adjacent to the lower dark-colored masking layer, the ratio of the distance H1 between the upper transition edge of the dotted transition region and the lower boundary of the upper dark-colored masking layer to the distance d1 between the bottom edge of the first bus bar and the lower boundary is H1/d1 ≦ 1.2, and the distance H2 between the lower transition edge of the dotted transition region and the upper boundary of the lower dark-colored masking layer is greater than or equal to the distance H1 between the upper transition edge of the dotted transition region and the lower boundary of the upper dark-colored masking layer.

More preferably, the visible light transmittance of the flower point transition region is greater than the visible light transmittance of the dark shielding layer and less than 70%, and the visible light transmittance of the flower point transition region gradually increases from the dark shielding layer to the central region of the electrically heated laminated glass.

More preferably, the dot transition region comprises at least one row of solid dots in the width direction, the size of the solid dots close to the dark shield layer being larger than or equal to the size of the solid dots far from the dark shield layer.

Further, the size of any two solid dots in each row is equal to each other, and the ratio of the size of the solid dots close to the dark shielding layer to the size of the solid dots far away from the dark shielding layer in two adjacent rows is greater than or equal to 0.5.

Further, the ratio of the size of the solid point objects close to the dark color shielding layer to the size of the solid point objects far away from the dark color shielding layer in two adjacent rows is 0.7-1.

Further, the solid dots are made of the same material as the dark shielding layer, or conductive ink with the same color as the dark shielding layer.

More preferably, at least one row of hollow dots is arranged in the upper dark shielding layer and/or the lower dark shielding layer, and the hollow dots are not covered with the dark shielding layer.

Further, the hollow dots are located between the first bus bar and the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer and/or between the second bus bar and the upper boundary of the lower dark shielding layer, and the size of the hollow dots close to the lower boundary or the upper boundary is larger than or equal to the size of the hollow dots far away from the lower boundary or the upper boundary;

further, the sizes of any two hollow dots in each row are equal to each other, and the ratio of the size of the hollow dot close to the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer or the upper boundary of the lower dark shielding layer in two adjacent rows to the size of the hollow dot far away from the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer or the upper boundary of the lower dark shielding layer is 1-1.5.

Further, the width of the plurality of hollow flower dots in the upper dark shielding layer in the current direction is less than or equal to the distance H1 between the upper transition edge of the flower dot transition region and the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer, and the width of the plurality of hollow flower dots in the lower dark shielding layer in the current direction is less than or equal to the distance H2 between the lower transition edge of the flower dot transition region and the upper boundary of the lower dark shielding layer.

Further, the flower point transition region comprises at least one type of solid dot, and at least one type of hollow flower point is arranged in the upper dark shielding layer and/or the lower dark shielding layer.

Preferably, at least one uncoated area is arranged in the transparent conductive layer in an area close to the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer, the distance between one side of the uncoated area closest to the lower boundary and the lower boundary is not more than 20mm, and the interval distance between two adjacent uncoated areas in the direction perpendicular to the current flowing direction is more than or equal to 10 mm.

Preferably, the transparent conductive layer can withstand high-temperature heat treatment at least 560 ℃, and the transparent conductive layer comprises a metal layer, a metal alloy layer or a metal oxide layer, wherein the metal layer is selected from gold, silver, copper, aluminum or molybdenum, the metal alloy layer is a silver alloy, and the metal oxide layer is selected from indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped zinc dioxide or antimony-doped tin oxide.

Preferably, an additional dark shielding layer and/or an additional flower point transition area are/is arranged on the third surface and/or the fourth surface, the inner glass plate is formed by performing high-temperature heat treatment and bending forming on a flat glass plate at least 560 ℃, or is a chemically tempered glass plate with the thickness less than or equal to 1.1mm, and the thickness of the chemically tempered glass plate is less than that of the outer glass plate by at least 0.7 mm.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the electric heating laminated glass can ensure that the main visual area is uniformly heated, can also ensure good appearance and provide a shielding function, and meets the requirement of higher profile quality; the current-dense area, the non-current-dense area and the heating power density distribution between the current-dense area and the non-current-dense area can be balanced, so that more heating power densities are distributed in the main visual area; the excessive concentration of heat generated by easier heat absorption of a dark shielding layer relative to a transparent area can be relieved, the abnormal energy accumulation is effectively reduced, the energy distribution is adjusted, the heating uniformity is further improved, and the overall more uniform and more effective heating is realized.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrically heated laminated glass according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an electrically heated laminated glass according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial schematic view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a flower dot transition region according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial schematic view of the hollow dots of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a solid dot according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of an electrically heated laminated glass having uncoated regions in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a heating temperature distribution of a comparative example according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a heating temperature profile of an embodiment of the present invention.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the electrically heated laminated glass of the present invention comprises an outer glass plate 1, an intermediate adhesive layer 2 and an inner glass plate 3, wherein the outer glass plate 1 has a first surface 11 facing the outside of a vehicle and a second surface 12 facing the inside of the vehicle, the inner glass plate 3 has a third surface 31 facing the outside of the vehicle and a fourth surface 32 facing the inside of the vehicle, and the intermediate adhesive layer 2 bonds the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 together, thereby forming the laminated glass. The electrically heated laminated glass can be mounted to a body opening of a vehicle for use as a front windshield, a side window, a sunroof, a rear windshield, etc., the outer glass panel 1 is located outside the vehicle, and the inner glass panel 3 is located inside the vehicle.

In order to ensure the consistent color of the periphery of the electric heating laminated glass, improve the appearance of the periphery, block solar radiation, protect parts in a vehicle, avoid the aging of the parts in the vehicle, improve the stability of a product and prolong the service life, a dark shielding layer 4 is arranged at the periphery of the second surface 12; as shown in fig. 2, the electrically heated laminated glass has an upper edge 100, a lower edge 101, a left side edge 102 and a right side edge 103, the upper edge 100 corresponding to a side of the electrically heated laminated glass near the roof of the vehicle after being mounted to the vehicle, the lower edge 101 corresponding to a side of the electrically heated laminated glass near the bottom of the vehicle after being mounted to the vehicle, and the left side edge 102 and the right side edge 103 corresponding to both sides of the electrically heated laminated glass in the traveling direction after being mounted to the vehicle; the dark masking layer 4 extends along the upper 100, lower 101, left 102 and right 103 edges and has an upper dark masking layer 41, a lower dark masking layer 42, a left dark masking layer 43, and a right dark masking layer 44 that together form a substantially annular opaque masking zone that wraps around the perimeter of the second surface 12. Preferably, the visible light transmittance of the dark shielding layer 4 is less than or equal to 1.5%, the ultraviolet transmittance is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the material of the dark shielding layer 4 can be ceramic ink or ultraviolet drying ink (also called UV ink); the ceramic ink can be formed on the surface of a flat glass plate by means of plane printing and the like, then the ceramic ink and the flat glass plate are subjected to high-temperature heat treatment at least 560 ℃ and bending forming, and finally the ceramic ink is sintered and formed on the surface of the bent glass plate to obtain the dark shielding layer 4; the ultraviolet ray drying ink may be formed on the surface of a bent glass plate subjected to high temperature heat treatment of at least 560 ℃ and bending molding by means of flexographic printing or the like, and then dried and fixed on the surface of the bent glass plate by means of ultraviolet rays of 200 ℃ or lower to obtain the dark color masking layer 4. In order to make the dark shielding layer 4 more beautiful and easier to match, the dark shielding layer 4 is preferably black or brown.

In fig. 1 and 2, a transparent conductive layer 5 is further deposited on the second surface 12, the transparent conductive layer 5 at least partially covering the upper dark shield layer 41 and the lower dark shield layer 42, i.e. at least partially covering the dark shield layer arranged close to the upper edge 100 and the dark shield layer arranged close to the lower edge 101; a first bus bar 6 and a second bus bar 7 are further disposed between the second surface 12 and the third surface 31, the first bus bar 6 is in direct electrical contact with the transparent conductive layer 5 on the upper dark color shielding layer 41, the second bus bar 7 is in direct electrical contact with the transparent conductive layer 5 on the lower dark color shielding layer 42, a power supply (not shown) can input current into the transparent conductive layer 5 through the first bus bar 6 and the second bus bar 7, and the transparent conductive layer 5 generates heat and generates heat under the action of the current, so that the temperature of the electrically heated laminated glass is increased, and functions of defrosting and defogging are achieved. The power supply can provide 12-60V power supply voltage to meet the use requirements of fuel automobiles, electric automobiles and the like. In particular, the first busbar 6 is arranged along the upper edge 100, the second busbar 7 is arranged close to the lower edge 101, the first busbar 6 and the second busbar 7 are substantially parallel to each other to provide a better heating effect.

In order to hide the boundaries of the two sides of the transparent conductive layer 5, it is also preferable that the transparent conductive layer 5 at least partially covers the left dark color shielding layer 43 and the right dark color shielding layer 44, that is, at least partially covers the dark color shielding layer disposed near the left side 102 and the dark color shielding layer disposed near the right side 103, so that the transparent conductive layer 5 can also cover most of the area of the electrically heated laminated glass, that is, at least covers the main viewing area of the electrically heated laminated glass, and meets the entire heating requirement; the transparent conductive layer 5 also has a peripheral border that is set back a distance, e.g., 1.5mm to 20mm, inward from the upper edge 100, the lower edge 101, the left side 102 and the right side 103 to protect the transparent conductive layer 5 from corrosion.

In the present invention, the length L2 of the second bus bar 7 is set to be greater than or equal to the length L1 of the first bus bar 6, so that the lengths L1 and L2 thereof approximately correspond to the lengths of the upper edge 100 and the lower edge 101 which are close to the first bus bar, so that an approximately trapezoidal or rectangular heating zone which can cover most of the area of the electrically heated laminated glass is formed between the first bus bar 6 and the second bus bar 7, and at least the main viewing area of the electrically heated laminated glass is ensured to be heated; meanwhile, the dark color shielding layer 4 and the transparent conductive layer 5 are arranged on the second surface 12 at the same time, so that a better defrosting and snow removing effect can be realized on the first surface 11, a good appearance is ensured, a shielding function is provided, printing of the third surface 31 and/or the fourth surface 32 can be realized in a low-cost mode, the glass bending forming process is more extensive, and the requirement of the electrical heating laminated glass on higher profile quality is met; however, since the length L2 of the second bus bar 7 is not equal to the length L1 of the first bus bar 6, and the transparent conductive layer 5 covering the dark shielding layer 4 is weakened in electrical conductivity and increased in local resistance due to the roughness, electrical insulation and heat absorption effects of the dark shielding layer 4, a current-dense region and a local hot spot are easily generated in a heating region near the upper dark shielding layer 41, and in order to ensure uniform heating and elimination of the local hot spot in the heating region formed between the first bus bar 6 and the second bus bar 7, the present invention designs the layout of the first bus bar 6 and the second bus bar 7, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the upper dark shielding layer 41 has a lower boundary 411 near the central region of the second surface 12, the lower dark shielding layer 42 has an upper boundary 421 near the central region of the second surface 12, the ratio of the length L1 of the first bus bar 6 to the length L2 of the second bus bar 7 is 0.5 ≤ L1/L2 ≤ 1, and preferably, the distance d1 between the bottom edge of the first bus bar 6 and the lower boundary 411 is less than or equal to the distance d2 between the top edge of the second bus bar 7 and the upper boundary 421, i.e., d1 ≤ d2, so that the width of the transparent conductive layer 5 between the top edge of the second bus bar 7 and the upper boundary 421 in the current direction is greater than or equal to the width of the transparent conductive layer 5 between the bottom edge of the first bus bar 6 and the lower boundary 411 in the current direction, thereby making the resistance of the transparent conductive layer 5 for electrical heating on the lower dark-color shielding layer 42 greater than the resistance of the transparent conductive layer 5 for electrical heating on the upper dark-color shielding layer 41, and further making the heating power of the transparent conductive layer 5 on the lower dark-color shielding layer 42 greater than the transparent conductive layer 5 on the upper dark-color shielding layer 41 The heating power of the layer 5 can balance the current-dense area near the first bus bar 6, the non-current-dense area near the second bus bar 7 and the heating power density distribution therebetween, so that the heating value close to one end of the first bus bar 6 is approximately the same as the heating value close to one end of the second bus bar 7, and the whole heating is uniform; even the wiper blade staying area close to the lower edge 101 can be heated in an auxiliary mode; on the other hand, the excessive concentration of heat generated by easier heat absorption of the dark shielding layer 4 in a relative transparent area can be relieved, the energy distribution is adjusted, and the heating uniformity is further improved.

More preferably, the distance d1 between the bottom side of the first bus bar 6 and the lower boundary 411, the distance d between the bottom side of the first bus bar 6 and the top side of the second bus bar 7, the length L1 of the first bus bar 6, and the length L2 of the second bus bar 7 satisfy 0.005 ≦ d1 ≦ L1+ L2)/(d ≦ L1 ≦ 0.05, so as to reduce the voltage loss of the transparent conductive layer 5 in the local coverage area of the upper dark shielding layer 41, achieve an upper limit of the loss of the heating voltage in the local coverage area of 1/40 heating voltage according to the current distribution characteristics of the current dense area in which the first bus bar 6 is located, avoid excessive heating of an excessive voltage drop in the overlapping area, prevent failure to achieve effective and uniform heating due to too low heating voltage in the main viewing area, and effectively reduce abnormal aggregation of energy due to the heat-prone characteristics of the dark shielding layer 4 (dark color ink is more easily heat-absorbed, the temperature of the overlapped area of the transparent conductive layer 5 and the dark shielding layer 4 is relatively higher, and a local high temperature zone occurs); on the premise of meeting the requirements of the processing technology, the voltage loss of the transparent conductive layer 5 in the local coverage area of the upper dark shielding layer 41 is preferably reduced to the minimum, and the lower limit of the loss of the heating voltage in the local coverage area is 1/400 according to the current distribution characteristics of the current dense area where the first bus bar 6 is located. The bottom side of the first bus bar 6 is a side thereof close to the lower boundary 411, and the top side of the second bus bar 7 is a side thereof close to the upper boundary 421.

In fig. 2 and 3, the lower boundary 411 is substantially parallel to the first bus bar 6, and the upper boundary 421 is substantially parallel to the second bus bar 7; optionally, the lower border 411 is also substantially parallel to the upper edge 100, the upper border 421 is also substantially parallel to the lower edge 101, and the lower border 411 and the upper border 421 constitute a part of the inner border of the dark color shielding layer 4, which is a boundary between the opaque shielding region formed by the dark color shielding layer 4 and the central transparent region (visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 70%) of the electrically heated laminated glass; of course, the side of the upper dark shielding layer 41 near the upper edge 100 and the side of the lower dark shielding layer 42 near the lower edge 101 form part of the outer boundary of the dark shielding layer 4, and preferably the side of the upper dark shielding layer 41 near the upper edge 100 is flush with the upper edge 100 and the side of the lower dark shielding layer 42 near the lower edge 101 is flush with the upper edge 100.

In fig. 1, 2 and 3, a patterned point transition region 8 is disposed on the second surface 12 from a lower boundary 411 of the upper dark shielding layer 41 and an upper boundary 421 of the lower dark shielding layer 42 to a central region of the second surface 12, respectively, the patterned point transition region 8 includes a plurality of solid points distributed at intervals, the transparent conductive layer 5 covers the patterned point transition region 8, the patterned point transition region 8 has an upper transition edge 81 close to the upper dark shielding layer 41 and a lower transition edge 82 close to the lower dark shielding layer 42, the length direction of the patterned point transition region 8 is along the lower boundary 411 and the upper boundary 421, the width direction of the patterned point transition region 8 is from the lower boundary 411 and the upper boundary 421 to the central region of the second surface 12, and the upper transition edge 81 and the lower transition edge 82 are as the patterned point transition region 8 and the central transparent region of the electrically heated laminated glass (visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the central transparent region of the electrically heated laminated glass) At 70%) of the boundary line. Fig. 2 and 3 show that the upper transition edge 81 is substantially parallel to the lower border 411 of the upper dark masking layer 41 and the lower transition edge 82 is substantially parallel to the upper border 421 of the lower dark masking layer 42. Preferably, the ratio of the distance H1 between the upper transition edge 81 of the dotted transition region 8 and the lower boundary 411 of the upper dark-colored masking layer 41 to the distance d1 between the bottom edge of the first busbar 6 and the lower boundary 411 is H1/d1 ≤ 1.2, more preferably H1/d1 ≤ 0.8, and the distance H2 between the lower transition edge 82 of the dotted transition region 8 and the upper boundary 421 of the lower dark-colored masking layer 42 is greater than or equal to the distance H1 between the upper transition edge 81 of the dotted transition region 8 and the lower boundary 411 of the upper dark-colored masking layer 41, i.e. H2 ≥ H1, so that in the direction of current flow the resistance of the transparent conductive layer between the lower transition edge 82 and the upper boundary 421 is greater than the resistance of the transparent conductive layer between the upper transition edge 81 and the lower boundary 411, i.e. the heating power between the lower transition edge 82 and the upper boundary 421 is greater than the heating power between the upper transition edge 81 and the lower boundary 411, the heating power density between the lower transition edge 82 and the upper boundary 421 and the heating power density between the upper transition edge 81 and the lower boundary 411 are relatively balanced, so that more heating power densities are distributed in a main view area, more uniform and more effective heating is realized, and abnormal energy accumulation caused by the characteristic of easy heat absorption of the dark shielding layer 4 is effectively reduced (the dark ink absorbs heat more easily, the temperature of the overlapping area of the transparent conductive layer 5 and the dark shielding layer 4 is relatively higher, and a local high temperature zone appears).

Preferably, a flower point transition region 8 is arranged on the second surface 12 from one side of the left dark shielding layer 43 close to the central region and one side of the right dark shielding layer 44 close to the central region of the second surface 12 respectively, thereby forming a substantially annular flower point transition region 8 located inside the substantially annular opaque masking region, the visible light transmittance of the flower point transition region 8 is between the dark shielding layer 4 and the transparent region (the visible light transmittance is more than or equal to 70%) of the electric heating laminated glass, namely, the visible light transmittance of the flower point transition region 8 is greater than the visible light transmittance of the dark shielding layer 4 and less than 70%, meanwhile, the visible light transmittance of the patterned point transition region 8 is gradually increased from the dark color shielding layer 4 to the transparent region of the electric heating laminated glass, so that a good optical transition effect is realized. From the technical realization, the transparent conducting layer 5 preferably covers the flower point transition region 8 which is arranged from one side of the left dark shielding layer 43 close to the central region and one side of the right dark shielding layer 44 close to the central region of the second surface 12; alternatively, the transparent conductive layer 5 may not cover the flower point transition region 8 from one side of the left dark color shielding layer 43 close to the central region and one side of the right dark color shielding layer 44 close to the central region of the second surface 12, that is, only cover the flower point transition region 8 from the lower boundary 411 of the upper dark color shielding layer 41 and the upper boundary 421 of the lower dark color shielding layer 42 to the central region of the second surface 12.

As shown in fig. 4, the dot transition region 8 includes at least one row of solid dots 80 in the width direction, and the size of the solid dots 80 near the dark shield layer 4 is greater than or equal to the size of the solid dots 80 far from the dark shield layer 4; preferably, the size of any two solid dots 80 of each row is equal to each other to form a uniform appearance, and the ratio of the size of the solid dots 80 close to the dark shield layer 4 to the size of the solid dots 80 far from the dark shield layer 4 in two adjacent rows is greater than or equal to 0.5 to form a gradual appearance; specifically, as shown in fig. 4, three solid dots 80 are arranged in three rows, a plurality of solid dots 80 in two adjacent rows are staggered, the solid dot 80 in the row closest to the dark shielding layer 4 has a first radius R1, the solid dot 80 in the middle row has a second radius R2, and the solid dot 80 in the row farthest from the dark shielding layer 4 has a third radius R3, 0.7 ≦ R2/R1 ≦ 1, 0.7 ≦ R3/R2 ≦ 1, preferably, R1 > R2 > R3, so as to restrict the density and size of the solid dots 80 in the dot transition region 8, achieve the best optical transition effect and balance the conductivity and uniformity. The solid dot-shaped objects 80 can be made of the same material as the dark color shielding layer 4, so that the dark color shielding layer 4 and the dot transition region 8 can be simultaneously realized through one printing process; of course, a conductive ink having a color consistent with that of the dark shielding layer 4 may be selected, so as to better improve the conductive connectivity and balance the conductive uniformity.

As shown in fig. 5, in the present invention, it is further preferable that a plurality of hollow dots 9 are disposed in the upper dark color shielding layer 41 and/or the lower dark color shielding layer 42, and the hollow dots 9 are not covered with the dark color shielding layer, and may be formed directly when the dark color shielding layer is printed, or may be formed by a mechanical friction, a laser removal, or other techniques after the dark color shielding layer is printed; the hollow flower dots 9 are located between the first bus bar 6 and the lower boundary 411 of the upper dark shielding layer 41 and/or between the second bus bar 7 and the upper boundary 421 of the lower dark shielding layer 42, and the size of the hollow flower dots 9 close to the lower boundary 411 or the upper boundary 421 is larger than or equal to the size of the hollow flower dots 9 far away from the lower boundary 411 or the upper boundary 421; preferably, the sizes of any two hollow dots 9 in each row are equal to each other to form a uniform appearance, and the ratio of the size of the hollow dots 9 close to the lower boundary 411 of the upper dark shielding layer 41 or the upper boundary 421 of the lower dark shielding layer 42 in the adjacent two rows to the size of the hollow dots 9 far from the lower boundary 411 of the upper dark shielding layer 41 or the upper boundary 421 of the lower dark shielding layer 42 is 1-1.5 to form a gradual appearance; as shown in fig. 5, the size of the row of hollow dots 9 closest to the lower border 411 or the upper border 421 is larger than the size of the middle row of hollow dots 9, and the size of the middle row of hollow dots 9 is larger than the size of the row of hollow dots 9 farthest from the lower border 411 or the upper border 421; optionally, the size of the row of hollow dots 9 closest to the lower boundary 411 or the upper boundary 421 is equal to the size of the row of solid dots 80 closest to the lower boundary 411 or the upper boundary 421, the size of the middle row of hollow dots 9 is equal to the size of the middle row of solid dots 80, and the size of the row of hollow dots 9 farthest from the lower boundary 411 or the upper boundary 421 is equal to the size of the row of solid dots 80 farthest from the lower boundary 411 or the upper boundary 421. Preferably, the width of the hollow dots 9 in the upper dark shielding layer 41 in the current flowing direction is less than or equal to the distance H1 between the upper transition edge 81 of the dot transition region 8 and the lower boundary 411 of the upper dark shielding layer 41, and the width of the hollow dots 9 in the lower dark shielding layer 42 in the current flowing direction is less than or equal to the distance H2 between the lower transition edge 82 of the dot transition region 8 and the upper boundary 421 of the lower dark shielding layer 42.

As shown in fig. 6, the shape of the solid dots 80 can be exemplified by rectangle, circle, diamond, etc., and the flower dot transition region 8 can contain the solid dots 80 of one shape, can also contain the solid dots 80 of two or three shapes, and can even contain the solid dots 80 of more shapes; the shape of the solid dots 80 is not limited to the shape shown in fig. 6, and may be exemplified by a trapezoid, an ellipse, a triangle, and the like. Accordingly, the shape of the hollow dots 9 is not limited to the circular shape shown in fig. 5, and may be, for example, a rectangle, a diamond, a trapezoid, an ellipse, a triangle, etc., and one shape of the hollow dots 9 may be disposed in the upper dark shielding layer 41 and/or the lower dark shielding layer 42, or two, three, or even more shapes of the hollow dots 9 may be disposed.

As shown in fig. 7, one, two or even more uncoated regions 104 are provided in the transparent conductive layer 5 in the region close to the lower border 411 of the upper dark masking layer 41, and the distance between the edge of the uncoated region 104 closest to the lower border 411 and the lower border 411 is not more than 20mm, preferably not more than 5mm, even coinciding with the lower border 411 or located in the upper dark masking layer 41; when the side of the uncoated region 104 closest to the lower border 411 is located in the upper dark masking layer 41, a portion of the uncoated region 104 is located on the upper dark masking layer 41 and another portion is located on the second surface 12; when at least two uncoated regions 104 are provided, it is preferable that the distance between two adjacent uncoated regions 104 in the direction perpendicular to the current flow is greater than or equal to 10mm, so as to eliminate the phenomenon of excessive current convergence generated on two sides of the uncoated regions 104 in the direction parallel to the current flow due to the change of local current flow by the uncoated regions 104, and avoid generating excessively high hot spots on the sides of the uncoated regions 104. These uncoated areas 104 may serve as transmission windows for wireless data of electronic devices, such as rain sensors, video cameras, laser radars, ETC antennas, RFID antennas, etc., enabling unobstructed passage of communication data, image data, sensor data, etc., through the electrically heated laminated glass. In the present invention, the uncoated region 104 is located in the transparent conductive layer 5, with its four perimeter boundaries defined by the transparent conductive layer 5; preferably, the transparent conductive layer 6 in the uncoated region 104 is completely removed, but it is also possible to remove only part of the transparent conductive layer 5 in the uncoated region 104 as required, which can be achieved by masking or chemical etching in advance, laser film removal, mechanical friction film removal, and the like.

The intermediate adhesive layer 2 of the present invention is used to bond and fix the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3 together, and for example, Polycarbonate (PC), ionic interlayer (SGP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), Polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Polyurethane (PUR), or the like may be used. Of course, the intermediate adhesive layer 2 may also have other functions such as providing at least one colored region for a shadow band to reduce interference of sunlight with human eyes or adding an infrared ray absorber to have a sun-screening or heat-insulating function, and for example, the intermediate adhesive layer 2 may further include at least two layers, one of which has a higher plasticizer content to have a sound-insulating function, or one of which has a wedge shape to have a head-up display (HUD) function, or the like.

In the present invention, the transparent conductive layer 5 may be deposited directly on the second surface 12 by a Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (CVD) method, for example, by a magnetron sputtering deposition process; also, it is preferable that the transparent conductive layer 5 can withstand a high temperature heat treatment of at least 560 ℃, for example, a heat treatment process of a bending process such as bake bending or tempering. Specifically, the transparent conductive layer 5 may include a metal layer, a metal alloy layer, or a metal oxide layer, and the metal layer may be gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), or molybdenum (Mo); the metal alloy layer can be silver alloy, such as silver-copper alloy, silver-indium alloy and the like; the metal oxide layer can be selected from Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc dioxide (AZO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) and the like; for example, when the transparent conductive layer 5 includes a silver layer or a silver alloy layer, the silver layer or the silver alloy layer is located between at least two dielectric layers containing at least one of zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, or a titanium metal layer.

The first bus bar 6 and the second bus bar 7 are preferably conductive silver paste, and can be directly printed on the transparent conductive layer 5 by screen printing or the like; the width of the conductive silver paste is preferably 5-20 mm, the silver content of the conductive silver paste is greater than or equal to 65%, preferably greater than or equal to 80%, and the sheet resistance of the conductive silver paste is4～10mΩ/m²More preferably 4 to 7 m.OMEGA/m². Of course, the first bus bar 6 and the first bus bar 7 may also be metal foils, the metal foils may be specifically gold foils, silver foils, copper foils, aluminum foils, or the like, and the width of the metal foils is preferably 6 to 12 mm; first busbar 6 with second busbar 7 can also choose for use simultaneously conductive silver thick liquid and metal foil, first conductive silver thick liquid directly prints on transparent conducting layer 5, then fixes the metal foil through modes such as pasting on the conductive silver thick liquid, preferentially the width of conductive silver thick liquid is greater than or equal to the width of metal foil.

In the present invention, the outer glass plate 1 is preferably formed by subjecting a flat glass plate to a high-temperature heat treatment of at least 560 ℃ and bending molding, the 560 ℃ high-temperature heat treatment and bending molding being a production process of automotive glass, such as a bending process of bending by baking or tempering; the inner glass plate 3 can be formed by performing high-temperature heat treatment and bending forming on a flat glass plate at least 560 ℃, and also can be a chemically-tempered glass plate with the thickness of less than or equal to 1.1mm, and the thickness of the chemically-tempered glass plate is at least 0.7mm smaller than that of the outer glass plate 1. Meanwhile, an additional dark-colored shielding layer (not shown) and/or an additional flower point transition region (not shown) are/is arranged on the third surface 31 and/or the fourth surface 32, and the additional dark-colored shielding layer and the additional flower point transition region are/is substantially consistent with the dark-colored shielding layer 4 and the flower point transition region 8 on the second surface 12, so that a shielding region and parts in a vehicle are protected on the inner side of the vehicle, and the additional dark-colored shielding layer and the additional flower point transition region can be used for promoting local adhesion.

Examples

Comparative example: a distance d1 between the bottom side of the first bus bar 6 and the lower boundary 411, a distance d between the bottom side of the first bus bar 6 and the top side of the second bus bar 7, a length L1 of the first bus bar 6, and a length L2 of the second bus bar 7 satisfy d1 (L1+ L2)/(d 1) 0.058;

fig. 8 shows the heating temperature distribution of this comparative example:

1. a top high-temperature zone appears in a heating zone close to the first bus bar 6, namely the heating temperature of the transparent conducting layer between the bottom edge of the first bus bar 6 and the lower boundary 411 is abnormally increased compared with the highest heating temperature of the main visual zone, and a high-temperature hot spot of 56.9 ℃ locally appears;

2. a bottom high-temperature zone appears in the heating zone close to the second bus bar 7, namely, the average heating temperature of the transparent conductive layer between the top edge of the second bus bar 7 and the upper boundary 421 is abnormally increased than the lowest heating temperature of the main visual zone, and particularly, the lowest heating temperature of the transparent conductive layer between the top edge of the second bus bar 7 and the upper boundary 421 is 33.9 ℃ higher than the lowest heating temperature of the main visual zone, namely 32.1 ℃ higher than 1.8 ℃;

3. the highest heating temperature of the main visual area is 38.2 ℃ higher than the lowest heating temperature of 32.1 ℃ by 6.1 ℃, and is higher than the heating temperature difference distribution requirement of the highest temperature of 5 ℃;

example (b): a distance d1 between the bottom side of the first bus bar 6 and the lower boundary 411, a distance d between the bottom side of the first bus bar 6 and the top side of the second bus bar 7, a length L1 of the first bus bar 6, and a length L2 of the second bus bar 7 satisfy d1 (L1+ L2)/(d 1) 0.046;

fig. 9 shows the heating temperature distribution of this embodiment:

1. the abnormal rise of the heating temperature of the top high-temperature area is greatly relieved, the maximum heating temperature is reduced by at least 10 ℃, and the heating uniformity of the top high-temperature area is improved;

2. the abnormal rise of the heating temperature of the bottom high-temperature area is greatly relieved, the lowest heating temperature of the transparent conducting layer between the top edge of the second bus bar 7 and the upper boundary 421 is 33.0 ℃ higher than the lowest heating temperature of the main visual area, namely 32.1 ℃, by 0.9 ℃, the temperature is less than 1.0 ℃, and the requirement of less than 1.5 ℃ is met;

3. the highest heating temperature of the main visual area is 37.0 ℃ higher than the lowest heating temperature of the main visual area by 4.9 ℃ and is lower than the heating temperature difference distribution requirement of the highest heating temperature of the main visual area by 5 ℃, and the integral heating uniformity of the main visual area is realized.

Although the electrically heated laminated glass of the present invention has been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and therefore, any improvements, equivalent modifications, substitutions and the like made in accordance with the technical gist of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric heating laminated glass comprises an outer glass plate, an intermediate bonding layer and an inner glass plate, wherein the outer glass plate is provided with a first surface facing the outside of a vehicle and a second surface facing the inside of the vehicle, the inner glass plate is provided with a third surface facing the outside of the vehicle and a fourth surface facing the inside of the vehicle, the intermediate bonding layer bonds the second surface and the third surface together, a dark color shielding layer and a transparent conducting layer are arranged on the second surface, the dark color shielding layer comprises an upper dark color shielding layer and a lower dark color shielding layer, the transparent conducting layer at least partially covers the upper dark color shielding layer and the lower dark color shielding layer, a first bus bar and a second bus bar are further arranged between the second surface and the third surface, the first bus bar is in direct electrical contact with the transparent conducting layer on the upper dark color shielding layer, the second bus bar is in direct electrical contact with the transparent conducting layer on the lower dark color shielding layer, the method is characterized in that:

the upper dark shielding layer has a lower boundary close to the central area of the second surface, the lower dark shielding layer has an upper boundary close to the central area of the second surface, the ratio of the length L1 of the first bus bar to the length L2 of the second bus bar is 0.5-L1/L2-1, and the distance d1 between the bottom edge of the first bus bar and the lower boundary is less than or equal to the distance d2 between the top edge of the second bus bar and the upper boundary;

the distance d1 between the bottom edge and the lower boundary of the first busbar, the distance d between the bottom edge of the first busbar and the top edge of the second busbar, the length L1 of the first busbar and the length L2 of the second busbar satisfy 0.005 ≦ d1 ≦ (L1+ L2)/(d ≦ L1) ≦ 0.05.

2. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: the visible light transmittance of the dark shielding layer is less than or equal to 1.5%, and the ultraviolet light transmittance is less than or equal to 0.05%.

3. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: the dark color shielding layer further comprises a left dark color shielding layer and a right dark color shielding layer, and the transparent conducting layer at least partially covers the left dark color shielding layer and the right dark color shielding layer.

4. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: and arranging a flower point transition region from the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer and the upper boundary of the lower dark shielding layer to the central region of the second surface on the second surface respectively, wherein the flower point transition region comprises a plurality of solid point objects distributed at intervals, and the transparent conductive layer covers the flower point transition region.

5. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 4, wherein: the flower point transition region is provided with an upper transition edge close to the upper dark shielding layer and a lower transition edge close to the lower dark shielding layer, the ratio of the distance H1 between the upper transition edge of the flower point transition region and the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer to the distance d1 between the bottom edge of the first bus bar and the lower boundary is H1/d1 which is less than or equal to 1.2, and the distance H2 between the lower transition edge of the flower point transition region and the upper boundary of the lower dark shielding layer is greater than or equal to the distance H1 between the upper transition edge of the flower point transition region and the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer.

6. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 4, wherein: the visible light transmittance of the flower point transition region is larger than that of the dark shielding layer and smaller than 70%, and the visible light transmittance of the flower point transition region is gradually increased from the dark shielding layer to the central region of the electrically heated laminated glass.

7. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 4, wherein: the pattern point transition region comprises at least one row of solid points in the width direction, and the size of the solid points close to the dark shielding layer is larger than or equal to that of the solid points far away from the dark shielding layer.

8. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 7, wherein: the sizes of any two solid dots in each row are equal to each other, and the ratio of the size of the solid dots close to the dark shielding layer to the size of the solid dots far away from the dark shielding layer in two adjacent rows is greater than or equal to 0.5.

9. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 7, wherein: the ratio of the size of the solid point objects close to the dark color shielding layer in two adjacent rows to the size of the solid point objects far away from the dark color shielding layer is 0.7-1.

10. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 7, wherein: the solid point-shaped objects are made of the same material as the dark shielding layer or made of conductive ink with the same color as the dark shielding layer.

11. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 4, wherein: at least one row of hollow dots are arranged in the upper dark shielding layer and/or the lower dark shielding layer, and the dark shielding layer is not covered in the hollow dots.

12. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 11, wherein: the hollow flower dots are positioned between the first bus bar and the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer and/or between the second bus bar and the upper boundary of the lower dark shielding layer, and the size of the hollow flower dots close to the lower boundary or the upper boundary is larger than or equal to the size of the hollow flower dots far away from the lower boundary or the upper boundary.

13. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 11, wherein: the sizes of any two hollow dots in each row are equal to each other, and the ratio of the size of the hollow dots close to the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer or the upper boundary of the lower dark shielding layer in two adjacent rows to the size of the hollow dots far away from the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer or the upper boundary of the lower dark shielding layer is 1-1.5.

14. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 11, wherein: the width of the hollow flower points in the upper dark shielding layer in the current direction is less than or equal to the distance H1 between the upper transition edge of the flower point transition region and the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer, and the width of the hollow flower points in the lower dark shielding layer in the current direction is less than or equal to the distance H2 between the lower transition edge of the flower point transition region and the upper boundary of the lower dark shielding layer.

15. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 11, wherein: the pattern point transition region comprises at least one solid point-shaped object, and at least one hollow pattern point shaped object is arranged in the upper dark color shielding layer and/or the lower dark color shielding layer.

16. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: at least one uncoated area is arranged in the transparent conductive layer in an area close to the lower boundary of the upper dark shielding layer, the distance between one side of the uncoated area closest to the lower boundary and the lower boundary is not more than 20mm, and the interval distance between two adjacent uncoated areas in the direction vertical to the current flowing direction is more than or equal to 10 mm.

17. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: the transparent conducting layer can bear high-temperature heat treatment at least 560 ℃, and comprises a metal layer, a metal alloy layer or a metal oxide layer, wherein the metal layer is made of gold, silver, copper, aluminum or molybdenum, the metal alloy layer is made of silver alloy, and the metal oxide layer is made of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped zinc dioxide or antimony-doped tin oxide.

18. The electrically heated laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: and arranging an additional dark color shielding layer and/or an additional pattern point transition region on the third surface and/or the fourth surface, wherein the inner glass plate is formed by performing high-temperature heat treatment and bending forming at least 560 ℃ on a straight glass plate, or is a chemically tempered glass plate with the thickness less than or equal to 1.1mm, and the thickness of the chemically tempered glass plate is less than that of the outer glass plate by at least 0.7 mm.