CN112352494A - Method for improving aeolian sandy soil by utilizing biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for improving aeolian sandy soil by utilizing biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving aeolian sandy soil by utilizing biochar, bentonite and an organic fertilizer, which researches the influence of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer carbon applied to aeolian sandy soil for two years on physical indexes such as the water content of the aeolian sandy soil, the pH of the soil, the porosity of the soil and the like, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for analyzing the effect of improving the soil by combining the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving aeolian sandy soil by utilizing biochar, bentonite and an organic fertilizer.
Background
Land desertification is one of the most important research subjects in global ecological problems, and is a serious disaster which submerges mysterized silkworms to eat our land. Data show that the desertification land in China is expanded at 1560 square kilometers per year in average since the middle of 50 years, and the area of the aeolian sandy soil in China expanded per year in average reaches 2103 square kilometers per year in 80 years. The land desertification reduces the nutrients of the cultivable land in China, greatly reduces the cultivable area, reduces the crop yield, and greatly impacts the agricultural production and the environmental protection in China. The prevention of land desertification and the improvement of aeolian sandy soil are the problems which are urgently needed to be solved by people of this generation.
The method takes the change of the soil microbial biomass as an entry point, researches the influence of applying the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer to the soil microbial biomass in two consecutive years, reveals the influence of applying the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer to a sandy wind soil ecological system, obtains the optimal application combination method for improving the sandy wind soil, and provides scientific basis for improving the sandy wind soil and preventing and controlling the sand.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving aeolian sandy soil by utilizing biochar, bentonite and an organic fertilizer.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for improving aeolian sandy soil by utilizing biochar, bentonite and an organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a sandy wind test base to be improved, and establishing a test base with the length of 20m, the width of 20m and the total area of 400m2Each sample area 4m × 4m is 16m2One test field block of (1);
step 2: the test design adopts orthogonal design, and takes biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer as test factors, and each factor is set to 5 levels;
and step 3: sampling, wherein the sampling method is a five-point sampling method, soil samples with the soil depth of 5cm are taken, impurities on the soil surface are removed, the soil samples collected in each sample are uniformly mixed, and the soil samples are sealed by a sealing bag and brought back; naturally air-drying and sieving one part of soil sample for measuring physical properties of the soil, sieving the other part of fresh soil sample by using a 2mm sieve, adjusting the water content of the soil to 50% of the saturated water holding capacity, placing the soil sample into a wide-mouth bottle, sealing the wide-mouth bottle by using a preservative film, and measuring the contents of microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass phosphorus after pre-culturing the soil sample for 7 days at the temperature of 25 ℃;
and 4, step 4: measuring, namely measuring the volume weight of the soil by adopting a cutting ring method, measuring the water content of the soil by adopting a drying method, and measuring the quick-acting potassium of the soil on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer by adopting an ammonium acetate leaching method; the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen adopts an alkaline hydrolysis-diffusion method, the soil available phosphorus adopts a sodium bicarbonate-molybdenum antimony colorimetric-resistance method, and an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer is used for determination; measuring the pH value of the soil by adopting a potential method; the carbon content of the soil microorganism is measured by a chloroform fumigation extraction-volumetric analysis method; the nitrogen content of the soil microorganism is measured by a colorimetric method of ninhydrin fumigation extraction with chloroform; the content of phosphorus in soil microorganisms is determined by chloroform fumigation extraction-inorganic phosphorus colorimetry;
and 5: obtaining a conclusion, performing variance analysis among different variables by using SPSS230, and performing multiple comparisons by using Duncan analysis; and P (005) is taken as a significance test level, and less than 005 has significant difference and statistical significance, so that the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer can improve the aeolian sandy soil.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving aeolian sandy soil by utilizing biochar, bentonite and an organic fertilizer, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the embodiment of the invention researches the influence of applying the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer carbon to the aeolian sandy soil for two years on physical indexes such as the water content of the aeolian sandy soil, the pH value of the soil, the porosity of the soil and the like, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for analyzing the effect of improving the soil by combining the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer.
2. And applying the same amount of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer to the same sample prescription for two years, and exploring the improvement trend of the aeolian sandy soil by analyzing the change of the physical properties of the aeolian sandy soil.
3. By orthogonal design, different amounts of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer are applied to aeolian sandy soil, and the influence of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer which are jointly applied to the aeolian sandy soil and have different amounts on the microbial biomass is researched.
4. The soil microbial biomass is researched through analysis of variance, and the optimal proportion of the biochar, the organic fertilizer and the bentonite which has less application amount and better effect and can be sustainable is obtained.
5. In the embodiment of the invention, the improvement effect of the biochar on the aeolian sandy soil is researched by taking the ancient typhoon sand of Fuxin province as a research sample area. The research on various indexes of the aeolian sandy soil improved by the biochar and the bentonite organic fertilizer in China is less, and the improvement of the aeolian sandy soil by matching the biochar with the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is a great innovation point of the embodiment of the invention.
6. The embodiment of the invention selects the orthogonal design, can analyze the experimental result by using an analysis of variance method, and leads out a plurality of valuable conclusions.
7. The research sample plot is planted in succession for two years, the research period is long, and the research result is more accurate.
8. Compared with soil organic matters, the soil microorganisms have higher sensitivity to soil changes, so that the improvement effect of the aeolian sandy soil can be accurately and quickly reflected by analyzing the changes of the soil microorganism amount.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a soil pH value in the 2019 harvest period in a method for improving aeolian sandy soil by utilizing biochar, bentonite and an organic fertilizer, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change in pH of soil for two years in a series of examples of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the soil moisture content during the harvest period of 2019 in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the change of the water content of the soil in two years after planting in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 shows the soil volume weight of the harvest period of 2019 in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the change in bulk density of soil for two years in a series of examples of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the harvest period of 2019 in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a two-year soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen change in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows the soil rapid-acting potassium in the harvest period of 2019 in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a plot of two-year soil rapid potassium changes in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 11 shows soil available phosphorus in the harvest period of 2019 in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of two years old soil available phosphorus change in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 13 shows the soil microbial biomass carbon in the harvest stage of 2019 in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 14 shows the soil microbial biomass nitrogen during the harvest period of 2019 in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 15 shows the soil microbial biomass phosphorus during the harvest period of 2019 in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving aeolian sandy soil by utilizing biochar, bentonite and an organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a sandlot test base, starting the test in 2018, laying the research site at a gurney platform test base of the institute for improved utilization of the sandlot in Liaoning province, and establishing a total area of 20m (length) 20m (width) 400m in the test site2Each sample area 4m × 4m is 16m2One test field block of (1);
the location of the embodiment of the invention is located in ancient Taizhen (42 degrees 39'-42 degrees 43' N, 122 degrees 23'-122 degrees 33' E) of Zhangwu county, Fuxin City, Liaoning province. In the southeast direction of the Korling Shadi, four cities and towns are connected in east and Zhangwu, the left wing of the Korling in the west neighbor is connected with the Von town and the Dahan Mongolian county, and the southeast is connected with the Dadecounty and the Arar county; the area of the embodiment of the invention is positioned at the southeast edge of the Korqin sand area, the altitude of the area is 3131 meters at the highest position, and the altitude of the area is 593 meters at the lowest position. The research area is mostly sand, 412% of the research area is flowing semi-flowing sand dunes, and due to the wind erosion effect, dynamic alternation exists between fixed sand dunes and flowing sand dunes and between high lands and low lands, so that the landform of the sand land is changed. The landform is also characterized in that sand dunes are overlapped, wind erosion low land is distributed among the dunes, and the semi-fixed sand dunes are mostly elliptical and are in a single sand land without layers; the wind sand soil in the ancient terrace area is divided into flowing sand land, semi-flowing sand land and fixed sand land, wherein the flowing and semi-flowing sand land accounts for about 19%, the fixed sand land accounts for about 69%, and the wind eroded depression land accounts for 12%. The flowing sand is dominant in the sand, the sand accounts for 9474%, the physical sticky particles account for 526%, the organic matter content of the flowing sand is 039-. The soil profile structural feature: 0-50cm is yellow sand layer, 50-100cm is yellow-white transition layer, and below 100cm is white quartz sand layer; the terranean region has gentle topography, and the main soil is aeolian sandy soil, so the water permeability is good, surface runoff is not easy to form, and only one stream flowing from the Populus household bleb to the southeast direction enters the ground river. And due to the influence caused by drought, the water storage capacity of the area is poor, and the stream is cut off. Due to factors such as precipitation, landform, lithology and burial depth, the groundwater in the county is unevenly distributed, and tends to be more in the southwest and less in the northeast. The ancient terrace region belongs to a sub-humid arid region, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the annual average temperature is 62 ℃, and the lowest energy of the region reaches-334 ℃. The precipitation is mainly concentrated in 6-8 months per year, the average precipitation per year is 450mm, and the evaporation per year is 1300-1800 mm. The strong wind exists in spring and winter, the duration is long, and the average frost-free period is 150 days.
Step 2: the test adopts orthogonal design, takes biochar (A), bentonite (B) and organic fertilizer (C) as test factors, each factor is set to 5 levels, and the test is carried out according to L25(53) Orthogonal tabulation, as shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 orthogonal experimental design
Table 2 sample number
And step 3: sampling, wherein the sampling time is 2018, 9 months and 2019, 9 months, and the crop harvesting period is the crop harvesting period, the crop growth condition can be visually observed, and the improvement condition of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer on the aeolian sandy soil is explored. The sampling method is a five-point sampling method, soil samples with the soil depth of 5cm are taken, impurities on the soil surface are carefully removed, the soil samples collected in each sample are uniformly mixed, and the soil samples are sealed by a sealing bag and brought back. Naturally air-drying and sieving one part of soil sample for measuring physical properties of the soil, sieving the other part of fresh soil sample by using a 2mm sieve, adjusting the water content of the soil to 50% of the saturated water holding capacity, placing the soil sample into a wide-mouth bottle, sealing the wide-mouth bottle by using a preservative film, and measuring the contents of microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass phosphorus after pre-culturing the soil sample for 7 days at the temperature of 25 ℃;
and 4, step 4: measuring, in the test, the volume weight of the soil is measured by adopting a cutting ring method, the water content of the soil is measured by adopting a drying method, and the quick-acting potassium of the soil is measured on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer by adopting an ammonium acetate extraction method; the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen adopts an alkaline hydrolysis-diffusion method, the soil available phosphorus adopts a sodium bicarbonate-molybdenum antimony colorimetric-resistance method, and an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer is used for determination; measuring the pH value of the soil by adopting a potential method; the carbon content of the soil microorganism is measured by a chloroform fumigation extraction-volumetric analysis method; the nitrogen content of the soil microorganism is measured by a colorimetric method of ninhydrin fumigation extraction with chloroform; the content of phosphorus in soil microorganisms is determined by chloroform fumigation extraction-inorganic phosphorus colorimetry;
and 5: to conclude, in the embodiment of the present invention, Excel2010 is used for data sorting, SPSS230 is used for variance analysis among different variables, and duncan analysis is used for multiple comparisons. And (3) taking P (005) as a significance test level, wherein less than 005 has significant difference and statistical significance, and finally obtaining the influence of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer on soil microorganisms, thereby deducing the improvement effect of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer on the aeolian sandy soil.
And (3) test results:
influence on soil pH
The pH value of the soil is one of important basic properties of the soil, is an index of a soil forming process, is reflected by the pH value of the soil, and has great influence on the physicochemical properties of the soil, the activity of microorganisms in the soil and the growth of soil crops, so that the monitoring of the pH value of the soil is beneficial to knowing the physical condition of the soil in time, and provides an important theoretical basis for improving the soil.
As shown in fig. 1, in the sample plot with zero added amounts of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer, A1B1C1, the pH of the soil was the lowest, the pH of the sample plot with the lowest pH, A1B1C1, was 5.72, the pH of the sample plots with the rest of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer added was more or less higher than the sample plot with zero added amounts, and the pH of the sample plot with the highest pH, A5B2C5, was 8.10(P < 0.05).
The data show that the soil pH value of the sample plot added with the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is higher than that of the sample plot added with the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer with zero additive amount, and the soil pH value is improved to different degrees along with the addition of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 2, in the harvest period of 2018, the soil pH value of the A1B5C5 sample is the lowest, the lowest pH is 5.43, which is lower than that of the A1B1C1 sample with zero addition of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer; the maximum pH is still A5B2C5, and the maximum pH of the soil is 7.88(P < 0.05). Compared with the soil pH value in the harvest period of 2018, the soil pH value in 2019 is increased, but the increase is not large, and the maximum increase of the pH value is 1.24.
The data show that the effect of adjusting the pH of the soil is obvious when biochar bentonite and organic fertilizer are continuously applied to the aeolian sandy soil for two years, which is similar to the research result of Schulz et al.
Influence on soil moisture content
The four major elements of soil fertility are water, heat, nutrition and gas, the four elements are all indispensable, the most important factor in the four elements is water, the water content of the soil is the first factor of the soil suitable for planting crops in the agricultural production process, and the water content of the soil plays a great role in agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry and the like.
As shown in fig. 3, in the harvest period of 2019, in the sample plot with zero addition amounts of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer, which is A1B1C1, the water content of the soil was the lowest, the water content of the sample plot with the lowest water content, A1B1C1, was 31.64%, the water content of the sample plots with the rest added biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer, was more or less higher than that of the sample plot with zero addition amount, and the water content of the sample plot with the highest water content, A3B5C4, was 47.86% (P < 0.05).
The data show that the water content of the soil in the sample plot added with the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is higher than that in the sample plot with the addition of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer being zero, and the water content of the soil is proved to be increased to different degrees along with the addition of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 4, in the harvest period of 2018, the sample prescription with the lowest water content is A1B1C1 with zero addition of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer, and the lowest water content is 31.37%; the highest water content is A3B5C4, and the highest water content reaches 46.36% (P < 0.05). Compared with the soil water content in the harvest period of 2018, the soil water content in the harvest period of 2019 is greatly increased, and it can be seen that in a sample formula with zero addition, the water content in the harvest period of 2018 is not greatly different from that in the harvest period of 2019, and after the biochar bentonite and the organic fertilizer are added, the water content is increased by 5.59% at most than that in 2018 (P is less than 0.05).
According to the results, the moisture content of the soil is obviously improved by applying the biochar bentonite and the organic fertilizer to the aeolian sandy soil for two years continuously, the research result of improving the Songnen plain sandy soil by the biochar and the organic fertilizer is similar to that of the paper, and the research result shows that the influence of the biochar applied alone on the moisture content of the soil is not obvious due to the hydrophobicity of the biochar, the water retention capacity of the aeolian sandy soil is obviously improved after the biochar and the bentonite are applied to the soil, and the research result is similar to the result of the embodiment of the invention, probably because the bentonite has the water retention property, the hydrophobicity of the biochar is reduced after the application of the combination of the biochar, the organic fertilizer and the biochar, and the utilization and the maintenance of the soil moisture are facilitated. Thus proving that the addition of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer into the soil has an improvement effect on the aeolian sandy soil.
Influence on soil volume weight
The soil volume weight is one embodiment of soil compactness, is one of soil curing degree indexes, is higher in soil curing degree when the soil volume weight is smaller, is lower in soil curing degree when the soil volume weight is larger, and has an indicative function in the aspect of soil property evaluation.
As shown in FIG. 5, in the harvest period of 2019, in the sample plot with zero addition of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer, A1B1C1, the volume weight of the soil is the highest, the highest volume weight is 1.65g/cm3, after the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are applied to the soil, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, the volume weight of the sample plot of A3B5C4 is the lowest, and the volume weight is 1.42g/cm3。
The data show that the volume weight of the soil of the sample plot added with the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is lower than that of the sample plot added with the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer with zero, and the volume weight of the soil is reduced to different degrees along with the addition of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 6, in the harvest period of 2018, the bulk density of the A1B1C1 soil is the largest, that is, the bulk density of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer is zero, the largest bulk density is 1.65g/cm3, the bulk density of the lowest bulk density is A3B1C5, the bulk density reaches as low as 1.46g/cm3(P <0.05), and compared with the bulk density of the soil in the harvest period of 2018, the bulk density of the soil in the harvest period of 2019 is reduced, and it can be seen that, in the bulk density of zero, the bulk density of the soil in the harvest period of 2018 is not too large as compared with the bulk density of the harvest period of 2019, and after the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are added, the bulk density of the soil is reduced by 0.078g/cm3(P <0.05) at most as compared with the bulk density of the soil in the harvest period of 2018.
From the above results, it is known that the volume weight of the soil is remarkably reduced by applying the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer to the aeolian sandy soil for two years, and the volume weight of the aeolian sandy soil is continuously reduced along with the continuous cultivation of the soil for two years. After the study of the charcoal in the Shanxi area, such as Qian Li and the like, on the improvement of soil, the application of the charcoal can reduce the soil volume weight, and as the time increases, the effect of the charcoal with high application amount on the soil volume weight is gradually enhanced, which is the main reason for obviously reducing the soil volume weight. This conclusion is different from the examples of the present invention, in that the decrease of the volume weight of the soil has a non-negligible relationship with the water absorption and adhesion of bentonite and the interconversion between organic and inorganic substances of the soil promoted by the organic fertilizer. The addition of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer into the soil is proved to be beneficial to reducing the unit weight of the aeolian sandy soil.
Differential analysis of pH, water content and volume weight under different treatment conditions
As can be seen from table 3, different treatments significantly affected the PH of the aeolian sandy soil (F: 17.240, P: 0.000), wherein the PH of the A5B2C5 treatment was 8.1 at the maximum PH, and 5.72 at the minimum PH of the A1B1C1 format with zero added biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer, respectively, at 24.0kg, 32.0kg and 16.0kg, and the difference between the A5B2C5 treatment and the other treatments was very significant by multiple comparative analysis. The water content of A3B5C4 of samples with the addition amounts of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer of 14.4kg, 80.0kg and 12.8kg respectively is maximally 47.86%, the water content of A1B1C1 samples with the minimum addition amounts of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer of zero is minimally 31.64%, and the difference between the treatment A3B5C4 and other treatments is extremely obvious through multiple comparison analysis; different treatments have no significant influence on the unit weight of the aeolian sandy soil (F is 1.432, P is 0.141), wherein the unit weight of A3B5C4 in a sample plot with the addition amounts of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer of 14.4kg, 80.0kg and 12.8kg respectively is the lowest, the unit weight is 1.42g/cm3, in a sample plot with the addition amounts of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer of zero, the unit weight of the soil is the highest, the unit weight is 1.65g/cm3, and the difference between the treatment A1B1C1 and other treatments is very significant through multiple comparison analysis,
TABLE 3 analysis of pH, water content, volume weight difference and anisotropy under different treatment conditions
Influence on alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of soil
The content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil depends on the content of organic matters in the soil, the content of the organic matters in the soil is rich, which means that the soil is high in curing degree, and the content of the organic matters in the soil is rich; the content of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil as the plant nitrogen nutrition has better correlation than that of inorganic nitrogen, so that the content of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil can be used as an effective index for reflecting the excellent soil property.
As shown in FIG. 7, in the harvest period of 2019, in the sample plot with zero addition of A1B1C1, namely biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer, the alkaline nitrogen content of the soil is the lowest and is 24mg/kg, the alkaline nitrogen content of the sample plots with the rest biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is more or less higher than that of the sample plot with the zero addition, and the alkaline nitrogen content of the sample plot with the highest alkaline nitrogen content A5B4C2 is 108mg/kg (P < 0.05).
The data show that the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the soil is higher than that of the sample plot with zero addition amount of the biochar bentonite and the organic fertilizer in the sample plot with the biochar bentonite and the organic fertilizer, and the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the soil is increased to different degrees along with the addition of the biochar bentonite and the organic fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 8, in the harvest period of 2018, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the A1B1C1 soil is the least, namely the addition amount of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer is zero, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil is the least 28.5mg/kg, and after the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are added into the soil, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil is up to 86 mg/kg. Compared with the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the 2018 harvest period, the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content in the 2019 harvest period is integrally increased, and it can be seen that in the sample formula with zero addition, the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content in the 2018 harvest period is higher than that in the 2019 harvest period, but after the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are added, the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is increased by 26mg/kg (P is less than 0.05) at most than that in the 2018 harvest period.
From the results, the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are continuously applied to the aeolian sandy soil for two years, so that the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the soil is obviously improved, but the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content in some sample plots is not increased or inversely reduced compared with the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the soil in 2018, and the Li Jie research shows that the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the soil is stably increased along with the addition of the mixed modifier of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic substance into the pickled soil. The results of the study are different from those of the study on Lijie, and the reason for the difference is probably that the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is reduced, the addition amount of the biochar in the sample plot is reduced, the organic fertilizer is more than that in other sample plots, the porosity of the soil is increased, the number of soil microorganisms is increased, and the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen tends to be reduced in the short term of the sample plot.
Influence on soil quick-acting potassium
The potassium element is one of the necessary elements in the growth and development process of crops, and the determination of the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil has important research significance for judging the soil fertility, guiding farmers to reasonably fertilize, meeting the nutritional requirements of high yield of the crops and the like.
As shown in figure 9, in the harvest period of 2019, in the sample plot with zero addition amount of A1B1C1, namely biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer, the soil quick-acting potassium content is the lowest and is 42.63mg/kg, the soil quick-acting potassium content of the sample plots with the other biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is more or less higher than that of the sample plot with the zero addition amount, and the quick-acting potassium content of the highest quick-acting potassium sample plot A4B1C2 is 79.66mg/kg (P < 0.05).
The data show that the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil is higher than that in the sample plot with zero addition amount of the biochar bentonite and the organic fertilizer in the sample plot with the biochar bentonite and the organic fertilizer, and the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil is proved to be increased to different degrees along with the addition of the biochar bentonite and the organic fertilizer.
As shown in FIG. 10, in the harvest period of 2018, the content of the soil quick-acting potassium in the A1B1C1 sample plot is the minimum, namely the sample formulation with zero addition of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, and the content of the soil quick-acting potassium is the minimum of 40.32mg/kg, and after the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are added into the soil, the content of the soil quick-acting potassium is up to 79.38 mg/kg. Compared with the soil quick-acting potassium in the harvest period of 2018, the soil quick-acting potassium content in the harvest period of 2019 is integrally increased, and after the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are added, the soil quick-acting potassium content in the harvest period of 2019 is increased by 11.89mg/kg (P is less than 0.05) at most compared with the soil quick-acting potassium content in the harvest period of 2018.
From the results, the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are continuously applied to the aeolian sandy soil for two years, so that the content of the soil quick-acting potassium is obviously improved, and the Wangui Jun researches show that the improvement effect of the simultaneous addition of the biochar and the organic fertilizer on the soil quick-acting potassium is better than that of the single application of the organic fertilizer. The research result is consistent with the research result of Wangguijun, and the result is probably because biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer are added into the soil, the interconversion of inorganic matters and organic matters in the soil is promoted, and the loss of quick-acting potassium in the soil is effectively inhibited.
Influence on available phosphorus in soil
Phosphorus is one of the essential elements for plant growth, the phosphorus supply condition of the soil to the plants is generally expressed by the content of available phosphorus in the soil, the content of the available phosphorus is an index for evaluating the phosphorus supply capacity of the soil, and the content of the available phosphorus can be used as a directive index for reflecting the excellence of the soil.
As shown in FIG. 11, in the harvest period of 2019, the soil available phosphorus content of the sample A1B1C1, namely the sample plot with zero addition of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, is the lowest and is 8.99mg/kg, the soil available phosphorus content of the sample plots with the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is more or less higher than that of the sample plot with zero addition, and the available phosphorus content of the sample plot A3B1C5 with the highest soil available phosphorus content is 79.66mg/kg (P < 0.05).
The data show that the effective phosphorus content of the soil is higher than that of the sample plot with zero addition amount of the biochar bentonite and the organic fertilizer in the sample plot with the biochar bentonite and the organic fertilizer, and the effective phosphorus content of the soil is increased to different degrees along with the addition of the biochar bentonite and the organic fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 12, in the harvest period of 2018, the content of available phosphorus in the soil in the A1B1C1 sample plot is the minimum, namely the sample formulation with zero addition of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer, and the content of available phosphorus in the soil is the minimum of 8.62mg/kg, and after the biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer are added into the soil, the content of available phosphorus in the soil is up to 11.98 mg/kg. Compared with the soil available phosphorus in the harvest period of 2018, the soil available phosphorus content in the harvest period of 2019 is integrally increased, and after the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are added, the soil available phosphorus content in the harvest period of 2019 is increased by 2.05mg/kg (P is less than 0.05) at most compared with the soil available phosphorus content in the harvest period of 2018.
From the results, the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are continuously applied to the aeolian sandy soil for two years, so that the effective phosphorus content of the soil is obviously improved, and the Wangui Jun researches show that the application of the organic fertilizer has an obvious effect on the quick-acting phosphorus in the soil compared with the biochar, and particularly the combined effect of the organic fertilizer and the biochar is stronger. The research result is consistent with the research result of Wanggui Jun, the embodiment of the invention is added with bentonite more, the improvement effect is better than the research improvement effect of Wanggui Jun, the result probably is that the addition of the bentonite increases organic matters in soil, so that the microbial biomass in the soil is increased, the three components show a synergistic effect on the release of available phosphorus, and the increase of the content of the available phosphorus in the aeolian sandy soil is facilitated.
Conclusion
The embodiment of the invention takes the ancient typhoon sand land as a test site, respectively applies biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer into the sand soil by field laying test fields and indoor test analysis, takes the soil of various lands as a research object, explores the improvement effect of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer on the sand soil by the change of soil physical property, soil chemical property and soil microbial biomass, and judges the influence of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer on each index by variance analysis, and the main conclusion is as follows:
(1) the physical and chemical properties of the aeolian sandy soil are improved to different degrees by adding the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer: the pH value reaches 8.10 at most; the pH value is increased by 1.24 to the maximum extent compared with the original soil; the water content reaches 47.86% to the maximum extent, and the water content is increased by 5.59% to the maximum extent compared with the original soil; the volume weight of the soil is reduced to 1.42g/cm3 at least, and is reduced by 0.078g/cm3 at most compared with the original soil; the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil is up to 108mg/kg, and is increased by 26mg/kg compared with the original soil; the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil reaches 79.66mg/kg at most, and is increased by 11.89mg/kg at most compared with the original soil; the content of available phosphorus in the soil reaches 79.66mg/kg at most, and is increased by 2.05mg/kg at most compared with the original soil. Therefore, the physical and chemical properties of the aeolian sandy soil can be improved by the combined action of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer.
(2) The addition of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer improves the soil microorganism biomass C, the soil microorganism biomass N and the soil microorganism biomass P of the aeolian sandy soil to different degrees, and the content of the soil microorganism biomass C is up to 493.89 mg/kg; the content of N in soil microorganisms reaches 87.652mg/kg at most; the content of P in soil microorganisms reaches up to 19.67 mg/kg. Therefore, the combined action of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer can increase the soil microbial biomass of the aeolian sandy soil, and further achieve the aim of improving the aeolian sandy soil.
(3) Through variance analysis, the biochar is obtained to be the main influence factors of physicochemical properties of soil pH, water content, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting potassium, available phosphorus and the like, and microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N and microbial biomass P; the bentonite has obvious influence on pH, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, water content and microbial biomass P; the organic fertilizer has obvious influence on alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, water content and microbial biomass P, so the optimal scheme for improving the aeolian sandy soil is that the addition amount of the biochar is 1.5kg/m2, the addition amount of the bentonite is 4.0-5.0kg/m2 and the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 0.6-0.8kg/m 2.
The embodiment of the invention is used for improving and repairing aeolian sandy soil, and is a problem which is urgently needed to be solved by people. Limited by study conditions and time, the following aspects are insufficient, and improvement is needed in future continuous study.
The embodiment of the invention discovers that the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer have a synergistic effect in the improvement of desertification soil, and the organic fertilizer contains a large amount of nutrient elements to promote the interconversion of organic matters and inorganic matters in the soil; the porosity of the biochar can provide a habitat for microorganisms and promote the growth of soil microorganisms; the bentonite has water retention property and can retain soil moisture. Therefore, the combined action mechanism of different types of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer can be different. Due to the limitation of workload and time, the effects exerted by different types of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer are not compared. Future research can focus on longer-term experiments and explore the improvement of the organic modifier on the aeolian sandy soil and the effect of organic agriculture; further exploring the combined action mechanism of the three from depth and breadth, and simultaneously evaluating the economic feasibility and the ecological environment sustainability of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer after being applied to the soil.
It should be noted that, in this document, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A method for improving aeolian sandy soil by utilizing biochar, bentonite and an organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: selecting a sandy wind test base to be improved, and establishing a test base with the length of 20m, the width of 20m and the total area of 400m2Each sample area 4m × 4m is 16m2One test field block of (1);
step 2: the test design adopts orthogonal design, and takes biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer as test factors, and each factor is set to 5 levels;
and step 3: sampling, wherein the sampling method is a five-point sampling method, soil samples with the soil depth of 5cm are taken, impurities on the soil surface are removed, the soil samples collected in each sample are uniformly mixed, and the soil samples are sealed by a sealing bag and brought back; naturally air-drying and sieving one part of soil sample for measuring physical properties of the soil, sieving the other part of fresh soil sample by using a 2mm sieve, adjusting the water content of the soil to 50% of the saturated water holding capacity, placing the soil sample into a wide-mouth bottle, sealing the wide-mouth bottle by using a preservative film, and measuring the contents of microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass phosphorus after pre-culturing the soil sample for 7 days at the temperature of 25 ℃;
and 4, step 4: measuring, namely measuring the volume weight of the soil by adopting a cutting ring method, measuring the water content of the soil by adopting a drying method, and measuring the quick-acting potassium of the soil on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer by adopting an ammonium acetate leaching method; the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen adopts an alkaline hydrolysis-diffusion method, the soil available phosphorus adopts a sodium bicarbonate-molybdenum antimony colorimetric-resistance method, and an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer is used for determination; measuring the pH value of the soil by adopting a potential method; the carbon content of the soil microorganism is measured by a chloroform fumigation extraction-volumetric analysis method; the nitrogen content of the soil microorganism is measured by a colorimetric method of ninhydrin fumigation extraction with chloroform; the content of phosphorus in soil microorganisms is determined by chloroform fumigation extraction-inorganic phosphorus colorimetry;
and 5: obtaining a conclusion, performing variance analysis among different variables by using SPSS230, and performing multiple comparisons by using Duncan analysis; and P (005) is taken as a significance test level, and less than 005 has significant difference and statistical significance, so that the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer can improve the aeolian sandy soil.
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| CN113735658A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-12-03 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Green composite material for sandy soil ecological improvement and restoration and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114846944A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-05 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Soil conditioner optimization method for promoting growth and physiological characteristics of elymus palustris in sandy land |
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| CN113735658A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-12-03 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Green composite material for sandy soil ecological improvement and restoration and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114846944A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-05 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Soil conditioner optimization method for promoting growth and physiological characteristics of elymus palustris in sandy land |
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