CN112133905B - High-nickel ternary precursor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-nickel ternary precursor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-nickel ternary precursor and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps of 1) mixing soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt according to Nix+aCoyMnzDissolving and mixing according to a molar ratio; 2) under the conditions of nitrogen protection and stirring starting, adding a nickel-cobalt-manganese mixed salt solution, a precipitator and a complexing agent into a reaction kettle for coprecipitation reaction, and regulating the ammonia concentration and the pH value in the reaction process by controlling the flow of the complexing agent and the precipitator; detecting the granularity of the slurry in real time, and stirring and aging after the granularity reaches a target; 3) transferring to a washing machine, filtering the slurry, washing with pure water, and adding acid for soaking; controlling the concentration of acid and the acid leaching time to control the Ni at the outer layer of the leaching2+The content of (A); then carrying out alkali washing, water washing and drying to obtain the catalyst. The invention can rapidly process the ternary precursor into the core-shell structure, has simple and convenient operation, can be suitable for continuous production, improves the efficiency and has good consistency of the core-shell effect of the particles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery anode materials, in particular to a high-nickel ternary precursor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the lithium ion battery anode material, the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material has the advantages of high energy density, high discharge specific capacity, no memory effect, low cost and the like due to the synergistic effect of three elements, namely Ni, Co and Mn, and is considered as the anode material with the greatest development prospect. The high-nickel ternary precursor material is an important raw material of a high-nickel ternary cathode material and has a crucial influence on the performance of the cathode material. At present, due to the pursuit of new energy automobiles for high endurance mileage, the requirement of higher capacity is also put forward for power batteries. At present, the high-nickel ternary material is developed to meet the requirement of high capacity mainly by improving the content of nickel element in the anode material of the lithium ion power battery. However, the higher the nickel content, the more unstable, and the more likely cation-mixed, resulting in lower material cyclability and poor stability.
In order to solve the problems of low cyclicity and poor stability of the high-nickel ternary material, the prior art mainly adopts a core-shell structure design for a precursor, and synthesizes the precursor material with an inner core and a nickel-rich shell and low nickel step by step, so that the content of nickel element on the outer layer of the anode material is reduced, and the stability is improved.
For example, the Chinese patent application with application number 201911128216.5 discloses a high-nickel-concentration gradient lithium battery ternary precursor, a preparation method and application thereof, and mainly two different kinds of Ni are prepared2+Sulfate mixed solution of molar concentration, using Ni successively2+The high and low molar concentrations of the sulfate salt mix solutions to produce the core and shell of the precursor material, respectively.
Although the technical scheme can achieve a certain core-shell effect, two different kinds of Ni need to be prepared, replaced and used in the synthesis process2+The mixed salt solution with the molar concentration increases the equipment cost, the process switching is complex, the continuous production is not available, and the mixed solution of the two sulfates is used for stepwise synthesis, so that the condition that all the particles are difficult to ensure is difficultThe particles are all of core-shell structures, the consistency of precursor particles is poor, the content of the nickel element in the whole material is reduced, and the adverse effect on the capacity is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a high-nickel ternary precursor and a preparation method thereof, and the technical scheme of the present invention can rapidly process the ternary precursor into a core-shell structure, is simple and convenient to operate, is applicable to continuous production, improves efficiency, has good consistency of particle core-shell effect, and can significantly improve cycle performance and stability of a high-nickel ternary precursor material.
The adopted technical scheme is as follows:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a high-nickel ternary precursor, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt with Nix+aCoyMnzDissolving and mixing in a molar ratio of x being more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 0.95, a being more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, and x + y + z + a being 1, wherein the molar concentration of total metals is controlled to be 1.5-2.0 mol/L;
(2) under the conditions of nitrogen protection and stirring start, adding a nickel-cobalt-manganese mixed salt solution, a precipitator solution and a complexing agent solution into a reaction kettle for coprecipitation reaction, controlling the temperature in the reaction kettle to be 40-70 ℃, and regulating the ammonia concentration to be 5-15g/L and the pH value to be 10-13 in the reaction process by controlling the flow of the complexing agent solution and the precipitator solution; detecting the granularity of the slurry in the reaction kettle in real time, and stirring and aging when the median granularity is stabilized at 5-15 mu m;
(3) after the aging is finished, transferring the slurry into a washing machine, filtering the slurry, washing the slurry by pure water, adding 0.5-6.0mol/L acid, soaking for 0.5-5h, and stirring properly in the process; controlling the concentration of acid and the acid leaching time to control the Ni at the outer layer of the leaching2+The content of (A); and after soaking, performing alkali washing, water washing and drying to obtain the high-nickel ternary precursor material with nickel-rich inner core and low-nickel and high-manganese outer shell.
Preferably, in the step (2), the precipitant solution is sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 6-10 mol/L.
Preferably, in the step (2), the complexing agent solution is ammonia water, and the concentration is 15-25 g/L.
Preferably, in the step (3), the acid is one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and the concentration is 0.5-6.0 mol/L.
Preferably, in the step (3), the Ni at the outer layer of the leaching is controlled by controlling the concentration of the acid and the acid leaching time2+The contents of (a) are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
The high-nickel ternary precursor is prepared by the preparation method in any scheme.
Further, the molar ratio of elements of the prepared high-nickel ternary precursor is NixCoy+mMnz+nWherein x is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 0.95, a is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, x + y + z + m + n is 1, and m + n is a.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, preparing Ni2+Synthesizing a high-nickel ternary precursor by using a mixed salt solution with the content higher than the target, and then selectively leaching Ni in the outer layer of the precursor material by using acid leaching in a post-treatment washing stage2+The effects of rich nickel in the kernel and low nickel in the shell are achieved, Ni2+The leaching amount is used for reducing the whole nickel element content of the material to a target value, so that the capacity of the material is not influenced, and the cycle performance and stability can be improved. The acid leaching step is alternated with the precursor washing stage, the operation is simple and convenient, the method is suitable for continuous production, the efficiency is improved, the consistency of the core-shell effect of the particles is good, and the cycle performance and the stability of the high-nickel ternary precursor material can be obviously improved.
Drawings
The following brief description of the drawings is provided:
fig. 1 is an electron microscope scan of the high nickel ternary precursor prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the use and purpose of these exemplary embodiments are merely to exemplify the present invention, and do not set forth any limitation on the actual scope of the present invention in any form, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-nickel ternary precursor comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the raw materials of Ni source, Co source and Mn source in Ni-Co-Mn precursor according to a fixed proportion0.84Co0.12Mn0.04Dissolving, wherein the total metal molar concentration of the solution is controlled to be 2 mol/L;
and S2, uniformly pumping the mixed salt solution, the sodium hydroxide solution and the ammonia water solution into a reaction kettle through a metering system for wet coprecipitation, controlling the temperature of the reaction kettle at 60 ℃, and continuously introducing nitrogen for protection in the process. Controlling the pH value of a reaction system to be 11.2 by adjusting the flow rates of sodium hydroxide and ammonia water in the reaction process, controlling the concentration of the ammonia water to be 10g/L, starting to collect materials when the median particle size of slurry in a reaction kettle is stabilized to be 9.5-10.5 mu m, aging, and transferring the slurry to a washing machine for washing;
s3, the slurry was transferred to a washer, and then filtered first, and then washed once with pure water. After washing, 2mol/L hydrochloric acid is added, the cake is not filtered, the stirring is properly carried out in the process, and the filter cake is broken up. After soaking for 1h, filtering. Then alkali washing and water washing are carried out, and finally drying and screening are carried out to obtain the high-nickel ternary precursor material with rich nickel in the core and low nickel and high manganese in the shell, wherein the element proportion is Ni0.82Co0.12Mn0.06. See electron microscope scan (5000x) of the high nickel ternary precursor shown in figure 1. After sintering into the positive electrode material, the electrochemical performance was tested, and the capacity retention rate after 50 cycles was 97%, see table 2.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a high-nickel ternary precursor comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the raw materials of Ni source, Co source and Mn source in Ni-Co-Mn precursor according to a fixed proportion0.82Co0.12Mn0.06Dissolving, wherein the total metal molar concentration of the solution is controlled to be 2 mol/L;
and S2, uniformly pumping the mixed salt solution, the sodium hydroxide solution and the ammonia water solution into a reaction kettle through a metering system for wet coprecipitation, controlling the temperature of the reaction kettle at 60 ℃, and continuously introducing nitrogen for protection in the process. Controlling the pH value of a reaction system to be 11.2 by adjusting the flow rates of sodium hydroxide and ammonia water in the reaction process, controlling the concentration of the ammonia water to be 10g/L, starting to collect materials when the median particle size of slurry in a reaction kettle is stabilized to be 9.5-10.5 mu m, aging, and transferring the slurry to a washing machine for washing;
s3, transferring the slurry to a washing machine, filtering, washing with alkali and water, drying, and sieving to obtain a ternary precursor material with the element proportion of Ni0.82Co0.12Mn0.06. After sintering into the positive electrode material, the electrochemical performance was tested, and the capacity retention rate after 50 cycles was 82%, see table 2:
TABLE 2
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a high-nickel ternary precursor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dissolving soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt andmanganese salt Nix+aCoyMnzDissolving and mixing in a molar ratio of x being more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 0.95, a being more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, and x + y + z + a being 1, wherein the molar concentration of total metals is controlled to be 1.5-2.0 mol/L;
(2) under the conditions of nitrogen protection and stirring start, adding a nickel-cobalt-manganese mixed salt solution, a precipitator solution and a complexing agent solution into a reaction kettle for coprecipitation reaction, controlling the temperature in the reaction kettle to be 40-70 ℃, and regulating the ammonia concentration to be 5-15g/L and the pH value to be 10-13 in the reaction process by controlling the flow of the complexing agent solution and the precipitator solution; detecting the granularity of the slurry in the reaction kettle in real time, and stirring and aging when the median granularity is stabilized at 5-15 mu m;
(3) after the aging is finished, transferring the slurry into a washing machine, filtering the slurry, washing the slurry by pure water, adding 0.5-6.0mol/L acid, soaking for 0.5-5h, and stirring properly in the process; controlling the concentration of acid and the acid leaching time to control the Ni at the outer layer of the leaching2+The content of (A); and after soaking, performing alkali washing, water washing and drying to obtain the high-nickel ternary precursor material with nickel-rich inner core and low-nickel and high-manganese outer shell.
2. The method for preparing the high-nickel ternary precursor according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the precipitant solution is a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 6-10 mol/L.
3. The method for preparing the high-nickel ternary precursor according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the complexing agent solution is ammonia water with a concentration of 15-25 g/L.
4. The method for preparing the high-nickel ternary precursor according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the acid is one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and the concentration is 0.5-6.0 mol/L.
6. a long high nickel ternary precursor, characterized in that it is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The high-nickel ternary precursor according to claim 6, wherein the molar ratio of elements of the prepared high-nickel ternary precursor is NixCoy+mMnz+nWherein x is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 0.95, a is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, x + y + z + m + n is 1, and m + n is a.
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