CN112103515A - Fuel cell gas diffusion layer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Fuel cell gas diffusion layer and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112103515A
CN112103515A CN202010951022.1A CN202010951022A CN112103515A CN 112103515 A CN112103515 A CN 112103515A CN 202010951022 A CN202010951022 A CN 202010951022A CN 112103515 A CN112103515 A CN 112103515A
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China
Prior art keywords
metal
gas diffusion
fuel cell
layer
diffusion layer
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CN202010951022.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
钟发平
倪江鹏
杨涵
贺凤
邓宇飞
尹涛
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NATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH OF ADVANCED ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials Shenzhen Co Ltd
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NATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH OF ADVANCED ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
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Priority to CN202010951022.1A priority Critical patent/CN112103515A/en
Publication of CN112103515A publication Critical patent/CN112103515A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0241—Composites
    • H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a gas diffusion layer of a fuel cell, wherein a metal microporous layer is coated on one surface of a base material, and the metal loading capacity of the metal microporous layer is 1-4 mg/cm2. The preparation method of the fuel cell gas diffusion layer comprises the steps of firstly soaking metal powder in PTFE emulsion and uniformly dispersing to form mixed turbid liquid, then adding a certain amount of alcohol into the mixed turbid liquid under the stirring and dispersing state of the mixed turbid liquid and uniformly mixing to obtain jelly; coating the jelly on one surface of the hydrophobic base material, flattening the surface of the coating layer, and finally performing high-temperature treatment on the base material coated with the jellySo that the coating layer forms a metal microporous layer, and the metal loading capacity of the metal microporous layer is controlled to be 1-4 mg/cm2. The gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell has novel structure, can improve the electric conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the gas diffusion layer, and has simple and feasible preparation method.

Description

Fuel cell gas diffusion layer and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell gas diffusion layer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Gas diffusion layers are an important component of membrane electrodes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The main roles of the gas diffusion layer in the fuel cell are to diffuse reaction gas, to discharge reaction water, to conduct heat and electric current. The gas diffusion layer is composed of two parts, namely a substrate layer and a microporous layer, wherein the substrate layer is made of carbon fiber paper generally, and the microporous layer is composed of nano carbon powder and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The microporous layer made of nano carbon powder has the following defects: firstly, the internal resistance of carbon powder is larger, and the internal resistance of a membrane electrode of the fuel cell is increased due to a microporous layer consisting of the carbon powder; secondly, the heat conductivity of the carbon powder is low, which is not beneficial to the heat dissipation of the membrane electrode component; in addition, the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell during operation is generally between 0.9 and 1.0V, the discharge voltage is generally between 0.6 and 0.7V, and the electrochemical corrosion potential of carbon is only 0.21V, so that in the long-term operation process of the fuel cell, carbon powder in the microporous layer can be oxidized, agglomerated and lost due to electrochemical corrosion, so that the internal resistance of the microporous layer is increased, the porosity is reduced, and the performance of the fuel cell is greatly attenuated. In view of the problems associated with microporous layers prepared from carbon powder, there is a need for improved microporous layers for gas diffusion layers to improve the performance associated with fuel cells.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell gas diffusion layer which has a novel structure and can improve the electrical conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the electrochemical corrosion resistance. The invention also provides a preparation method of the gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell, which has simple and feasible steps.
The invention is realized by the following scheme:
a gas diffusion layer of a fuel cell is characterized in that one surface of a base material is coated with a metal microporous layer, and the metal loading capacity of the metal microporous layer is 1-4 mg/cm2. The substrate is generally a prior art intermediate flameThe conventional carbon fiber paper subjected to hydrophobic treatment is used for the gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell, and the mass of PTFE in the carbon fiber paper subjected to hydrophobic treatment is 10-20% of the weight of the carbon fiber paper.
Furthermore, the metal powder adopted by the metal microporous layer is one or a mixture of nickel powder, nickel-tungsten alloy powder and titanium powder, and the particle size of the metal powder is 10-100 nm.
Firstly, soaking metal powder in PTFE emulsion and uniformly dispersing to form mixed turbid liquid, generally adopting magnetic stirring to disperse, wherein the dispersion time is generally more than 2h, then adding a certain amount of alcohol into the mixed turbid liquid under the stirring and dispersing state of the mixed turbid liquid and uniformly mixing to prepare jelly, generally adopting magnetic stirring to mix, and the mixing time is 20 min-1 h; coating the jelly on one surface of the base material subjected to hydrophobic treatment, flattening the surface of the coating layer, and finally performing high-temperature treatment on the base material coated with the jelly to form a metal microporous layer, wherein the metal loading capacity of the metal microporous layer is controlled to be 1-4 mg/cm2。
Further, the mass of PTFE in the PTFE emulsion is 10-30% of the mass of the metal powder, the mass of the alcohol is 10-50% of the mass of the PTFE emulsion, and the mass concentration of the PTFE emulsion is 5-20%.
Further, the alcohol is one or two of ethanol and isopropanol. If the alcohol is ethanol and isopropanol, the ethanol and the isopropanol can be mixed according to any proportion.
Further, the temperature of the high-temperature treatment is 300-400 ℃, and the time of the high-temperature treatment is 1-10 hours.
The gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell is novel in structure, the metal microporous layer is prepared from high-oxidation-resistance metal powder, the characteristics of the metal powder are utilized, the electric conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the gas diffusion layer are improved, and the preparation method is simple and feasible.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the description of the examples.
Example 1
Firstly, soaking nickel powder with the particle size of 30nm into PTFE emulsion with the mass concentration of 5%, magnetically stirring for 2h, and uniformly dispersing to form mixed turbid liquid, wherein the mass of PTFE in the PTFE emulsion is 30% of that of the nickel powder, then adding ethanol with the mass of 20% of that of the PTFE emulsion into the mixed turbid liquid in a state of stirring and dispersing the mixed turbid liquid, and magnetically stirring for 30min to uniformly mix to obtain jelly; then coating jelly on one surface of hydrophobic carbon fiber paper (the mass of PTFE in the hydrophobic carbon fiber paper is 10% of the weight of the carbon fiber paper) with the size of 10cm multiplied by 10cm, flattening the surface of the coating layer by a silica gel flat plate, and finally placing the carbon fiber paper coated with the jelly in a muffle furnace at 300 ℃ for high-temperature treatment for 10 hours to form a metal microporous layer on the coating layer, wherein the nickel loading capacity of the metal microporous layer is controlled to be 1mg/cm2。
Detecting the fuel cell gas diffusion layer prepared by the method, and measuring the nickel loading capacity of the metal microporous layer to be 1mg/cm2。
Example 2
A preparation method of a gas diffusion layer of a fuel cell comprises the steps of firstly soaking nickel-tungsten alloy powder (the mass percentage of nickel is 12.5 percent and the mass percentage of tungsten is 87.5 percent) with the particle size of 80nm into PTFE emulsion with the mass concentration of 10 percent, magnetically stirring for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the powder to form mixed turbid liquid, adding isopropanol with the mass being 35 percent of the mass of the PTFE emulsion into the PTFE emulsion in the state of stirring and dispersing the mixed turbid liquid, magnetically stirring for 60 minutes to uniformly mix the solution to obtain jelly; coating the jelly on one surface of hydrophobic carbon fiber paper (the mass of PTFE in the hydrophobic carbon fiber paper is 20% of the weight of the carbon fiber paper) with the size of 5cm multiplied by 5cm, flattening the surface of the coating layer by a silica gel flat plate, and finally placing the carbon fiber paper coated with the jelly in a 400 ℃ muffle furnace for high-temperature treatment for 2h to form a metal micropore layer on the coating layer, wherein the metal micropore layer is formed by the metal microporeThe nickel-tungsten loading of the layer was controlled to be 4mg/cm2。
Detecting the fuel cell gas diffusion layer prepared by the method, and measuring the nickel-tungsten loading capacity of the metal microporous layer to be 4mg/cm2。
Example 3
A preparation method of a gas diffusion layer of a fuel cell comprises the steps of firstly soaking titanium powder with the particle size of 10nm in PTFE emulsion with the mass concentration of 15%, magnetically stirring for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the titanium powder to form mixed turbid liquid, wherein the mass of PTFE in the PTFE emulsion is 20% of that of the titanium powder, then adding isopropanol with the mass being 45% of that of the PTFE emulsion into the mixed turbid liquid in a stirring and dispersing state, magnetically stirring for 45 minutes, and uniformly mixing to obtain jelly; then coating jelly on one surface of hydrophobic carbon fiber paper (the mass of PTFE in the hydrophobic carbon fiber paper is 15 percent of the weight of the carbon fiber paper) with the size of 10cm multiplied by 10cm, flattening the surface of the coating layer by a silica gel flat plate, and finally placing the carbon fiber paper coated with the jelly in a muffle furnace at 350 ℃ for high-temperature treatment for 7 hours to form a metal microporous layer on the coating layer, wherein the titanium capacity of the metal microporous layer is controlled to be 2mg/cm2。
Detecting the gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell prepared by the method, and measuring the titanium carrying capacity of the metal microporous layer to be 2mg/cm2。

Claims (6)

1. A fuel cell gas diffusion layer, characterized by: one side of the base material is coated with a metal microporous layer, and the metal loading capacity of the metal microporous layer is 1-4 mg/cm2。
2. The fuel cell gas diffusion layer of claim 1, wherein: the metal microporous layer is prepared by mixing one or more of nickel powder, nickel-tungsten alloy powder and titanium powder, and the particle size of the metal powder is 10-100 nm.
3. A method of producing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:firstly, soaking metal powder in PTFE emulsion and uniformly dispersing to form a mixed turbid solution, then adding a certain amount of alcohol into the mixed turbid solution under the stirring and dispersing state of the mixed turbid solution and uniformly mixing to obtain a jelly; coating the jelly on one surface of the base material subjected to hydrophobic treatment, flattening the surface of the coating layer, and finally performing high-temperature treatment on the base material coated with the jelly to form a metal microporous layer, wherein the metal loading capacity of the metal microporous layer is controlled to be 1-4 mg/cm2。
4. A method of preparing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein: the mass of PTFE in the PTFE emulsion is 10-30% of that of the metal powder, the mass of the alcohol is 10-50% of that of the PTFE emulsion, and the mass concentration of the PTFE emulsion is 5-20%.
5. The method of preparing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein: the alcohol is one or two of ethanol and isopropanol.
6. The method for producing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: the temperature of the high-temperature treatment is 300-400 ℃, and the time of the high-temperature treatment is 1-10 h.
CN202010951022.1A 2020-09-11 2020-09-11 Fuel cell gas diffusion layer and preparation method thereof Pending CN112103515A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113130951A (en) * 2021-04-02 2021-07-16 上海电气集团股份有限公司 Membrane electrode, preparation method thereof and fuel cell
CN113328112A (en) * 2021-05-13 2021-08-31 深圳先进储能材料国家工程研究中心有限公司 Base material for gas diffusion layer of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102856567A (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-02 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Gas diffusion layer for unitized regenerative fuel cell, and its preparation method
CN107851806A (en) * 2015-08-07 2018-03-27 住友电气工业株式会社 Metal porous body, fuel cell and the method for manufacturing metal porous body

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102856567A (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-02 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Gas diffusion layer for unitized regenerative fuel cell, and its preparation method
CN107851806A (en) * 2015-08-07 2018-03-27 住友电气工业株式会社 Metal porous body, fuel cell and the method for manufacturing metal porous body

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113130951A (en) * 2021-04-02 2021-07-16 上海电气集团股份有限公司 Membrane electrode, preparation method thereof and fuel cell
CN113328112A (en) * 2021-05-13 2021-08-31 深圳先进储能材料国家工程研究中心有限公司 Base material for gas diffusion layer of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

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