CN112003115B - Tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser and control method thereof - Google Patents
Tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 152
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0085—Modulating the output, i.e. the laser beam is modulated outside the laser cavity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
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Abstract
The invention provides a tunable multi-wavelength optical fiber laser and a control method thereof, wherein the tunable multi-wavelength optical fiber laser comprises a pumping light source, a first wavelength division multiplexer, a gain medium, a first optical isolator, an optical circulator and an optical coupler, a second optical isolator and a tunable multi-wavelength optical wave filter which are sequentially connected in series; the pumping light source is connected with a first input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer, an output end of the first optical isolator is connected with a first port of the optical circulator, an input end of the optical coupler is connected with a third port of the optical circulator, and a first output end of the optical coupler outputs laser; the input end of the second optical isolator is connected with the second output end of the optical coupler, and the output end of the second optical isolator is connected with the second input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer to form a closed optical path; the tunable multi-wavelength optical wave filter comprises a period adjusting device, a first fiber Bragg grating and a second fiber Bragg grating which are connected in series; the first fiber Bragg grating input end is connected with the second port of the optical circulator; the period adjusting device adjusts the period of the fiber Bragg grating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a tunable multi-wavelength optical fiber laser and a control method thereof.
Background
The fiber laser has the advantages of high output power, good beam quality, high conversion efficiency, low threshold value, narrow line width, multiple output wavelengths, good compatibility, simple structure and the like, and has wide application prospect in the fields of fiber communication, fiber sensing, military, industrial processing, optical information processing, full color display and the like. In addition, with the development of optical fiber communication technology, optical fiber communication systems have high requirements on transmission capacity, and optical wavelength division multiplexing systems are also an indispensable part of communication systems.
There are two ways of realizing multi-wavelength laser by using a conventional multi-wavelength fiber laser: one is to utilize a separate gain medium on a per wavelength basis; another is to suppress the mode competition of the gain medium by designing a certain special structure. For the first mode, the more wavelengths the fiber laser outputs, the more redundant the system structure, and the amount of light with multiple wavelengths output in a fixed system is constant, and the output wavelength is not adjustable. In the second mode, the gain of the erbium-doped fiber at room temperature has the characteristic of uniform broadening, which causes mode competition in the laser and cannot stably establish multi-wavelength laser output, and in the traditional method, liquid nitrogen is adopted to cool the erbium-doped fiber to inhibit competition, but the requirement on temperature is too severe, so that the method is not suitable for practical application. Also, mode competition in the laser cavity is suppressed based on nonlinear effects, which are added by single-mode optical fibers of several kilometers or expensive highly nonlinear optical fibers, resulting in a very complex system structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, a tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser is provided, which has a simple system structure and can automatically adjust the multi-wavelength laser to a set value.
In addition, a control method of the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser is also provided.
The tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser comprises a pumping light source, a first wavelength division multiplexer, a gain medium, a first optical isolator, an optical circulator and an optical coupler which are sequentially connected in series by adopting optical fibers, wherein the pumping light source is in optical fiber connection with a first input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer, an output end of the first optical isolator is in optical fiber connection with a first port of the optical circulator, an input end of the optical coupler is in optical fiber connection with a third port of the optical circulator, and a first output end of the optical coupler is used for outputting laser; the tunable multi-wavelength optical filter also comprises a second optical isolator and a tunable multi-wavelength optical filter; the input end of the second optical isolator is connected with the second output end of the optical coupler through optical fibers, and the output end of the second optical isolator is connected with the second input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer through optical fibers to form a closed optical path; the tunable multi-wavelength optical wave filter comprises a first fiber Bragg grating, a second fiber Bragg grating and a period adjusting device; the input end of the first fiber Bragg grating is connected with the second port optical fiber of the optical circulator, and the output end of the first fiber Bragg grating is connected with the input end optical fiber of the second fiber Bragg grating; the period adjusting device is used for steplessly adjusting the period of the first fiber Bragg grating and/or the second fiber Bragg grating; the first port, the second port and the third port of the optical circulator are sequentially arranged according to a fixed direction. The arrangement realizes stable output of purer laser by using a simpler fiber laser system, and meanwhile, the design is simple and easy to realize, and the manufacturing cost is lower.
In one embodiment, the period adjustment device comprises a second wavelength division multiplexer, a first light wave detection sensor, a second light wave detection sensor, a period adjustment mechanism and a control system; the input end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is in optical fiber connection with the output end of the second fiber Bragg grating; the first output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the first optical wave detection sensor through an optical fiber; the second output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the second optical wave detection sensor through an optical fiber; the set output frequency of the first output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is larger than the set output frequency of the second output end; the first light wave detection sensor and the second light wave detection sensor are used for detecting the change of the frequency, the wavelength or the power of the light wave output by the second wavelength division multiplexer; the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating are fixedly arranged on the period adjusting mechanism; the period adjusting mechanism is used for applying axial stress to the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating to change the grating pitch of the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating, namely, the period of the first fiber Bragg grating and the period of the second fiber Bragg grating. The control system is used for controlling the axial stress applied by the period adjusting mechanism to the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating, namely controlling the length and the grid distance of the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating. The control system is further configured to perform negative feedback adjustment on the period adjustment mechanism by acquiring detection result information of the first light wave detection sensor and/or the second light wave detection sensor, for example: when the temperature is increased, the power of the low frequency bandwidth in the light wave input by the second wavelength division multiplexer is reduced, the power in the high frequency bandwidth is increased, in order to restore the light wave input by the second wavelength division multiplexer to the current rated state, the grid distance between the first fiber bragg grating and the second fiber bragg grating can be reduced by adjusting the period adjusting mechanism, and when the temperature is reduced, the power of the low frequency bandwidth in the light wave input by the second wavelength division multiplexer is increased, the power in the high frequency bandwidth is reduced, and in order to restore the light wave input by the second wavelength division multiplexer to the current rated state, the grid distance between the first fiber bragg grating and the second fiber bragg grating can be increased by adjusting the period adjusting mechanism. By the arrangement, the multi-wavelength laser can realize automatic adjustment according to the set optical wave group value by utilizing the waste residual light in the tail fiber, and can realize the function equivalent to a temperature sensor by utilizing the waste residual light in the tail fiber.
In one embodiment, the period adjustment device comprises a third wavelength division multiplexer, a third light wave detection sensor, a fourth light wave detection sensor, a period adjustment mechanism and a control system; the optocoupler includes a third output; the input end of the third wavelength division multiplexer is connected with a third output end of the optical coupler through optical fibers; the first output end of the third wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the third optical wave detection sensor through an optical fiber; the second output end of the third wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the fourth optical wave detection sensor through an optical fiber; the third light wave detection sensor is used for detecting the change of the reflected light frequency, the wavelength or the power of the first fiber Bragg grating; the fourth light wave detection sensor is used for detecting the change of the reflected light frequency, the wavelength or the power of the second fiber Bragg grating; the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating are fixedly arranged on the period adjusting mechanism; the period adjusting mechanism is used for applying axial stress to the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating to change the grating pitch of the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating, namely, the period of the first fiber Bragg grating and the period of the second fiber Bragg grating. The control system is used for controlling the axial stress applied by the period adjusting mechanism to the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating, namely controlling the length and the grid distance of the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating. The control system is also used for carrying out negative feedback type adjustment on the period adjusting mechanism by acquiring the detection result information of the third light wave detection sensor and/or the fourth light wave detection sensor. For example: when the temperature rises, the bandwidth frequency of the laser output by the optical coupler shifts to a low frequency direction, the shift information is received by the third light wave detection sensor and the fourth light wave detection sensor after passing through the third wavelength division multiplexer, the light wave frequencies received by the third light wave detection sensor and the fourth light wave detection sensor are usually shifted to the low frequency, and after the control system acquires the information, the bandwidth frequency of the output laser is increased by reducing the grid distances of the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating through adjusting the period adjusting mechanism. Similarly, when the temperature decreases, the bandwidth frequency of the laser output by the optical coupler shifts to a high frequency direction, and the shift information is received by the third light wave detection sensor and the fourth light wave detection sensor after passing through the third wavelength division multiplexer, which generally indicates that the light wave frequencies received by the third light wave detection sensor and the fourth light wave detection sensor shift to the high frequency, and after the control system acquires the information, the control system increases the grid distances of the first fiber bragg grating and the second fiber bragg grating by adjusting the period adjusting mechanism to reduce the bandwidth frequency of the output laser. Therefore, the output bandwidth frequency of the multi-wavelength fiber laser is always maintained within the set numerical range through continuous feedback adjustment, so that stable output of laser in a normal temperature state is realized. By the arrangement, the multi-wavelength laser can realize automatic adjustment according to the set optical wave group value, and can realize the function equivalent to a temperature sensor.
In one embodiment, the period adjustment device comprises N fiber Bragg gratings and N light wave detection sensors; n optical fiber Bragg gratings are in one-to-one correspondence with N optical wave detection sensors, namely each optical fiber Bragg grating is independently corresponding to one optical wave detection sensor; the periods of the N fiber Bragg gratings are different; and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
In one embodiment, the number of the plurality of light wave detection sensors included in the period adjustment device is the same as the number of the plurality of fiber bragg gratings; the optical fiber Bragg gratings are in one-to-one correspondence with the light wave detection sensors, and the periods of the optical fiber Bragg gratings are different.
In one embodiment, the cycle adjusting mechanism comprises a first cycle adjusting unit and a second cycle adjusting unit; the first fiber Bragg grating is arranged on the first period adjusting unit; the second fiber Bragg grating is arranged on the second period adjusting unit; the first period adjusting unit and the second period adjusting unit are independent adjusting units, and can be controlled and adjusted independently.
In one embodiment, the first and second period adjustment units are piezoceramics; the control system comprises a controller, and a piezoelectric ceramic driving and power supply connected with the controller; the piezoelectric ceramic drive is also respectively connected with the power supply and the piezoelectric ceramic; the piezoelectric ceramic drive is used for applying voltage to the piezoelectric ceramic; the controller is also connected with the light wave detection sensor to acquire the change information of the frequency, the wavelength or the power of the reflected light of the fiber Bragg grating.
In one embodiment, the pump light source is a 980nm or 1480nm laser light source; the gain medium is an erbium-doped optical fiber; the first wavelength division multiplexer is 980/1550nm or 1480/1550nm corresponding to the pump light source.
In one embodiment, the optical coupler has a split ratio of 20%/80%, or 10%/90%.
The tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser provided by the invention realizes stable output of purer laser only through one optical circulator and one fiber Bragg grating connected in series by at least two, and has the advantages of simple design, easy realization and lower manufacturing cost.
According to the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser provided by the application, the application also provides a control method of the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser.
A control method of a tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser, wherein the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser is a tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser in which the period adjusting device in any one of the above embodiments includes a second wavelength division multiplexer, a first light wave detection sensor, a second light wave detection sensor, a period adjusting mechanism and a control system. The method comprises the following steps: when the first light wave detection sensor detects that the light wave power is increased or the second light wave detection sensor detects that the light wave power is reduced under the condition that the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser stably outputs, reducing the axial stress applied to the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating by the period adjusting mechanism so as to reduce the grid distances of the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating; or when the first light wave detection sensor detects that the light wave power is reduced or the second light wave detection sensor detects that the light wave power is increased, increasing the axial stress exerted on the first fiber bragg grating and the second fiber bragg grating by the period adjusting mechanism so as to increase the grid distances of the first fiber bragg grating and the second fiber bragg grating. By the arrangement, the multi-wavelength laser can realize automatic adjustment according to the set optical wave group value by utilizing the waste residual light in the tail fiber, and can realize the function equivalent to a temperature sensor by utilizing the waste residual light in the tail fiber.
In addition, the application also provides another control method of the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser.
A control method of a tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser, where the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser is a tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser including a third wavelength division multiplexer, a third light wave detection sensor, a fourth light wave detection sensor, a period adjustment mechanism and a control system, and the method includes: under the condition that the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser stably outputs, when the third light wave detection sensor and/or the fourth light wave detection sensor detect that the frequency of light waves is increased, increasing axial stress applied to the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating by the period adjusting mechanism so as to increase the grid distances of the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating; or when the third light wave detection sensor and/or the fourth light wave detection sensor detect that the frequency of the light wave is reduced, reducing the axial stress applied to the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating by the period adjusting mechanism so as to reduce the grid distance of the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating. By the arrangement, the multi-wavelength laser can realize automatic adjustment according to the set optical wave group value, and can realize the function equivalent to a temperature sensor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser system with a wavelength division multiplexer and an optical wave sensor as a negative feedback information system after fiber Bragg gratings are serially connected;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser system according to an embodiment, in which as many wavelength division multiplexer outlets as the number of fiber bragg gratings connected in series and corresponding optical wave sensors are used as a negative feedback information system at an outlet of an optical coupler for laser output.
Reference numerals illustrate: 100. a pump light source; 200. a first wavelength division multiplexer; 300. a gain medium; 410. a first optical isolator; 420. a second optical isolator; 500. an optical circulator; 600. a tunable multi-wavelength optical wave filter; 611. a first fiber Bragg grating; 612. a second fiber Bragg grating; 613. an N-1 th fiber Bragg grating; 614. an nth fiber bragg grating; 620. a second wavelength division multiplexer; 630. a cycle adjusting mechanism; 640. driving the piezoelectric ceramics; 650. a controller; 661. a first light wave detection sensor; 662. a second light wave detection sensor; 663. a third light wave detection sensor; 664. a fourth light wave detection sensor; 665. an N-1 optical wave detection sensor; 666. an nth light wave detection sensor; 670. a power supply; 680. a third wavelength division multiplexer; 700. an optical coupler.
Detailed Description
In this patent document, FIGS. 1-2, discussed below, and the various embodiments used to describe the principles or methods of the present disclosure are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, detailed descriptions of well-known functions or configurations will be omitted so as not to obscure the subject matter of the present disclosure with unnecessary detail. Also, the terms used herein will be defined according to the function of the present invention. Thus, the terms may be different according to the intention or usage of the user or operator. Accordingly, the terminology used herein must be understood based on the description presented herein.
The tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser, as shown in fig. 1 or fig. 2, comprises a pump light source 100, a first wavelength division multiplexer 200, a gain medium 300, a first optical isolator 410, an optical circulator 500 and an optical coupler 700 which are sequentially connected in series by adopting optical fibers, wherein the pump light source 100 is connected with a first input end optical fiber of the first wavelength division multiplexer 200, an output end of the first optical isolator 410 is connected with a first port optical fiber of the optical circulator 500, an input end of the optical coupler 700 is connected with a third port optical fiber of the optical circulator 500, and a first output end of the optical coupler 700 is used for outputting laser. The tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser also includes a second optical isolator 420 and a tunable multi-wavelength optical filter 600. An input end of the second optical isolator 420 is connected to a second output end of the optical coupler 700 by an optical fiber, and an output end of the second optical isolator 420 is connected to a second input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer 200 by an optical fiber, so as to form a closed optical path. The tunable multi-wavelength optical wave filter 600 includes a first fiber bragg grating 611, a second fiber bragg grating 612, and a period adjustment device. The input end of the first fiber bragg grating 611 is connected to the second port optical fiber of the optical circulator 500, and the output end is connected to the input end of the second fiber bragg grating 612. The period adjustment device is used to adjust the period of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and/or the second fiber bragg grating 612. The first port, the second port, and the third port of the optical circulator 500 are sequentially arranged in a fixed direction. The arrangement realizes stable output of purer laser by using a simpler fiber laser system, and meanwhile, the design is simple and easy to realize, and the manufacturing cost is lower. Furthermore, the period adjustment device which can be continuously changed can also realize the stepless adjustment of the period of the first fiber Bragg grating 611 and/or the second fiber Bragg grating 612.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the period adjustment device includes a second wavelength division multiplexer 620, a first light wave detection sensor 661, a second light wave detection sensor 662, a period adjustment mechanism 630, and a control system. The input of the second wavelength division multiplexer 620 is optically connected to the output of the second fiber bragg grating 612. A first output of the second wavelength division multiplexer 620 is optically coupled to a first optical wave detection sensor 661. A second output of the second wavelength division multiplexer 620 is optically coupled to a second optical detection sensor 662. The set output frequency of the first output terminal of the second wavelength division multiplexer 620 is greater than the set output frequency of the second output terminal. The first light wave detection sensor 661 and the second light wave detection sensor 662 are used to detect a change in the frequency, or the wavelength, or the power of the light wave output from the second wavelength division multiplexer 620. The first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612 are fixedly disposed on the period adjustment mechanism 630. The period adjustment mechanism 630 is configured to apply an axial stress to the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612 to change the pitch of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612, i.e., change the period of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612. The control system is used for controlling the magnitude of the axial stress applied by the period adjustment mechanism 630 to the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612, that is, controlling the length of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612, and the size of the grating pitch. The control system is further configured to perform negative feedback adjustment on the period adjustment mechanism 630 by acquiring detection result information of the first light wave detection sensor 661 and/or the second light wave detection sensor 662, for example: when the temperature increases, the power in the low frequency bandwidth of the optical waves input by the second wavelength division multiplexer 620 may decrease, the power in the high frequency bandwidth may increase, and in order to restore the optical waves input by the second wavelength division multiplexer 620 to the current nominal state, the pitch of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612 may be reduced by adjusting the period adjustment mechanism 630, and likewise, when the temperature decreases, the power in the low frequency bandwidth may increase, the power in the high frequency bandwidth may decrease, and in order to restore the optical waves input by the second wavelength division multiplexer 620 to the current nominal state, the pitch of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612 may be increased by adjusting the period adjustment mechanism 630. By the arrangement, the multi-wavelength laser can realize automatic adjustment according to the set optical wave group value by utilizing the waste residual light in the tail fiber, and can realize the function equivalent to a temperature sensor by utilizing the waste residual light in the tail fiber.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the period adjustment device further includes an N-1 fiber Bragg grating 613 and an N-th fiber Bragg grating 614. The output end of the N-1 th fiber Bragg grating 613 is connected with the input end of the N-1 th fiber Bragg grating 614, and the input end of the N-1 th fiber Bragg grating 613 is connected with the output end of the second fiber Bragg grating 612. The pitches of the N-1 th fiber Bragg grating 613 and the N-th fiber Bragg grating 614. That is, the period adjusting device is provided with N fiber Bragg gratings which are sequentially connected in series and have different periods. Wherein N is an integer of 3 or more.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the period adjustment device includes a third wavelength division multiplexer 680, a third light detection sensor 663, a fourth light detection sensor 664, a period adjustment mechanism 630, and a control system. The optocoupler 700 includes a third output. An input of the third wavelength division multiplexer 680 is optically coupled to a third output of the optical coupler 700. The first output terminal of the third wavelength division multiplexer 680 is optically connected to the third optical wave detection sensor 663. The second output of the third wavelength division multiplexer 680 is optically coupled to the fourth light detection sensor 664. The third light wave detection sensor 663 is used to detect a change in the frequency, or wavelength, or power of the reflected light of the first fiber bragg grating 611. The fourth light wave detection sensor 664 is configured to detect a change in the frequency, or wavelength, or power of the reflected light of the second fiber bragg grating 612. The first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612 are fixedly disposed on the period adjustment mechanism 630. The period adjustment mechanism 630 is configured to apply an axial stress to the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612 to change the pitch of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612, i.e., change the period of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612. The control system is used for controlling the magnitude of the axial stress applied by the period adjustment mechanism 630 to the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612, that is, controlling the length of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612, and the size of the grating pitch. The control system is further configured to perform negative feedback adjustment on the period adjustment mechanism 630 by acquiring detection result information of the third light wave detection sensor 663 and/or the fourth light wave detection sensor 664. For example: when the temperature increases, the bandwidth frequency of the output laser light of the optical coupler 700 will shift towards the low frequency direction, and this shift information will be received by the third light wave detection sensor 663 and the fourth light wave detection sensor 664 after passing through the third wavelength division multiplexer 680, which generally indicates that the light wave frequencies received by the third light wave detection sensor 663 and the fourth light wave detection sensor 664 are all shifted towards the low frequency, and after the control system obtains these information, the control system will increase the bandwidth frequency of the output laser light by adjusting the period adjustment mechanism 630 to reduce the grid pitch of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612. Similarly, when the temperature decreases, the bandwidth frequency of the output laser light from the optical coupler 700 will shift towards the high frequency direction, and this shift information will be received by the third light wave detection sensor 663 and the fourth light wave detection sensor 664 after passing through the third wavelength division multiplexer 680, which generally indicates that the frequency of the light wave received by the third light wave detection sensor 663 and the fourth light wave detection sensor 664 shift towards the high frequency, and after the control system obtains this information, the control system will increase the grid pitch of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612 to reduce the bandwidth frequency of the output laser light. Therefore, the output bandwidth frequency of the multi-wavelength fiber laser is always maintained within the set numerical range through continuous feedback adjustment, so that stable output of laser in a normal temperature state is realized. By the arrangement, the multi-wavelength laser can realize automatic adjustment according to the set optical wave group value, and can realize the function equivalent to a temperature sensor.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the period adjustment device further includes an N-1 th light wave detection sensor 665 and an N-th light wave detection sensor 666. The third wavelength division multiplexer 680 is provided with an N-1 th output terminal and an N-th output terminal. The N-1 th optical wave detection sensor 665 is connected to the N-1 th output end through an optical fiber for detecting the reflected light frequency of the N-1 th optical fiber Bragg grating 613. The nth light wave detection sensor 666 is connected to the nth output end optical fiber for detecting the reflected light frequency of the nth fiber bragg grating 614. Wherein N is an integer of 3 or more.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the period adjustment device includes N fiber Bragg gratings and N light wave detection sensors. The N fiber Bragg gratings are in one-to-one correspondence with the N light wave detection sensors, namely each fiber Bragg grating is independently corresponding to one light wave detection sensor. The period of the N fiber Bragg gratings is different. N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the number of the plurality of light wave detection sensors included in the period adjustment device is the same as the number of the plurality of fiber bragg gratings. The optical fiber Bragg gratings are in one-to-one correspondence with the light wave detection sensors, and the periods of the optical fiber Bragg gratings are different.
In one embodiment, the cycle adjustment mechanism 630 includes a first cycle adjustment unit, a second cycle adjustment unit. The first fiber bragg grating 611 is disposed on the first period adjustment unit. A second fiber bragg grating 612 is disposed on the second period adjustment unit. The first period adjusting unit and the second period adjusting unit are independent adjusting units, and can be controlled and adjusted independently (not shown in the figure).
In one embodiment, the first and second period adjustment units are piezoceramics. As shown in fig. 2 or fig. 2, the control system includes a controller 650, a piezoelectric ceramic drive 640 connected to the controller 650, and a power supply 670. The piezoelectric ceramic driver 640 is also connected to a power supply 670 and piezoelectric ceramic, respectively. The piezoelectric ceramic drive 640 is used to apply a voltage to the piezoelectric ceramic. The controller 650 is also coupled to the light wave detection sensor to obtain information about the frequency, or wavelength, or power of the reflected light from the fiber bragg grating.
In one embodiment, the pump light source 100 is a 980nm laser light source. The gain medium 300 is an erbium doped fiber. The first wavelength division multiplexer 200 is a 980/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer corresponding to the pump light source 100.
In one embodiment, the pump light source 100 is a 1480nm laser light source. The gain medium 300 is an erbium doped fiber. The first wavelength division multiplexer 200 is a 480/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer corresponding to the pump light source 100.
In one embodiment, the spectral ratio of the optocoupler 700 is 20%/80%.
In one embodiment, the spectral ratio of the optocoupler 700 is 10%/90%.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the first wavelength division multiplexer 200 couples the pump light output by the pump light source 100 with the laser light output by the second optical isolator 420, and outputs the coupled pump light to the gain medium 300 through the optical fiber, where the pump light inverts the ion population in the gain medium 300 (e.g., inverts the population of erbium ions in the erbium-doped optical fiber), and spontaneous amplified radiation (ASE) occurs, so as to form spontaneous radiation including all the output laser bands of the second optical isolator 420, and macroscopically represents that the laser light output by the second optical isolator 420 is amplified, so as to generate stimulated radiation. The stimulated radiation light is forced to travel unidirectionally through the first optical isolator 410 to the first port of the optical circulator. Stimulated radiation light entering the first port of the optical circulator is output from the second port of the optical circulator to the tunable multi-wavelength optical wave filter 600. The tunable multi-wavelength optical filter 600 selects light satisfying a set wavelength band from the stimulated radiation light and transmits the selected light back to the second port of the optical circulator as usable light. The usable light enters from the second port of the optical circulator and is output from the third port of the optical circulator to the optical coupler 700. The optical coupler 700 is provided with 2 output ports according to a set ratio (e.g., 20%/80%, or 10%/90%), one for outputting laser light to the outside, and the other is re-coupled into the gain medium 300 through the first wavelength division multiplexer 200 after passing through the second optical isolator 420, thereby completing one cycle. Serial fiber bragg gratings with different periods are arranged in the tunable multi-wavelength optical wave filter 600. The first fiber bragg grating 611 totally reflects light (first-segment light waves) of the same wavelength (frequency or period) as its bragg wavelength (frequency or period), and other wavelengths (frequency or period) are transmitted out of the first fiber bragg grating 611 into the second fiber bragg grating 612. The second fiber bragg grating 612 totally reflects light (second wavelength band) having the same wavelength (frequency or period) as that of the bragg wavelength (frequency or period) and transmits the light out of the first fiber bragg grating 611, the other wavelengths (frequency or period) are transmitted out of the second fiber bragg grating 612, and so on, when the N different period fiber bragg gratings are connected in series, the nth fiber bragg grating 614 finally transmits light (nth wavelength band) having the same wavelength (frequency or period) as that of the bragg wavelength (frequency or period) from the nth-1 fiber bragg grating 613 to the first fiber bragg grating 611 before, and the other wavelengths (frequency or period) are transmitted out of the nth fiber bragg grating 614 as residual transmission light in the pigtail fiber. The residual transmitted light is split into at least 2 paths of light by the second wavelength division multiplexer 620; the first path is connected with the first optical wave detection sensor 661 through the first output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer 620, the second path is connected with the second optical wave detection sensor 662 through the second output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer 620, the first optical wave detection sensor 661 and the second optical wave detection sensor 662 are used for transmitting detection information to the control system, and by detecting the change of the optical output power of the first output end and the second output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer 620, the grid pitch change (period change) of each fiber bragg grating in the period adjustment device can be deduced, so that the adaptive adjustment is performed. In addition, the fiber bragg grating in the period adjusting device is arranged on the period adjusting mechanism 630, and the grating pitch of the fiber bragg grating can be changed by adjusting the axial stress applied to the fiber bragg grating by the period adjusting mechanism 630, namely, the period (or wavelength) of the fiber bragg grating is actively changed, so that the frequency of each wave band in the output laser of the multi-wavelength fiber laser is changed.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first wavelength division multiplexer 200 couples the pump light output by the pump light source 100 with the laser light output by the second optical isolator 420, and outputs the coupled pump light to the gain medium 300 through the optical fiber, where the pump light inverts the ion population in the gain medium 300 (e.g., inverts the population of erbium ions in the erbium-doped optical fiber), and spontaneous amplified radiation (ASE) occurs, so as to form spontaneous radiation including all the output laser bands of the second optical isolator 420, and macroscopically shows that the laser light output by the second optical isolator 420 is amplified, so as to generate stimulated radiation. The stimulated radiation light is forced to travel unidirectionally through the first optical isolator 410 to the first port of the optical circulator. Stimulated radiation light entering the first port of the optical circulator is output from the second port of the optical circulator to the tunable multi-wavelength optical wave filter 600. The tunable multi-wavelength optical filter 600 selects light satisfying a set wavelength band from the stimulated radiation light and transmits the selected light back to the second port of the optical circulator as usable light. The usable light enters from the second port of the optical circulator and is output from the third port of the optical circulator to the optical coupler 700. The optical coupler 700 is provided with 3 output ports according to a set proportion (for example, 20%/79%/1%, or 10%/89%/1%), the first output port is used for outputting laser light to the outside, the laser light output by the second output port passes through the second optical isolator 420 and is re-coupled into the gain medium 300 through the first wavelength division multiplexer 200 to complete a cycle, the laser light output by the third port enters the third wavelength division multiplexer 680 to be divided into N paths of light, the N paths of light are respectively connected to N optical wave detection sensors through optical fibers, and the N optical wave detection sensors are used for outputting detection information to a control system. (e.g., as shown in FIG. 2, the first path is connected to the third light wave detection sensor 663 through the first output terminal of the third wavelength division multiplexer 680, the second path is connected to the fourth light wave detection sensor 664 through the second output terminal of the third wavelength division multiplexer 680, the N-1 path is connected to the N-1 light wave detection sensor 665 through the N-1 output terminal of the third wavelength division multiplexer 680, the N path is connected to the N light wave detection sensor 666 through the N output terminal of the third wavelength division multiplexer 680, etc.).
The tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser provided by the invention realizes stable output of purer laser only through one optical circulator and one fiber Bragg grating connected in series by at least two, and has the advantages of simple design, easy realization and lower manufacturing cost. In addition, the output condition of the main output laser is detected by utilizing residual light waves in the tail fiber, and then the adjusting signal is output to the period adjusting device through negative feedback to adjust the main output laser.
According to the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser provided by the application, the application also provides a control method of the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser.
The tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser is a tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser in which the period adjusting device in any of the above embodiments includes a second wavelength division multiplexer 620, a first light wave detection sensor 661, a second light wave detection sensor 662, a period adjusting mechanism 630, and a control system. The method comprises the following steps: in the case of stable output of the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser, when the first light wave detection sensor 661 detects an increase in light wave power or the second light wave detection sensor 662 detects a decrease in light wave power, the axial stress applied to the first and second fiber bragg gratings 611 and 612 by the period adjustment mechanism 630 is reduced to reduce the pitches of the first and second fiber bragg gratings 611 and 612. Or when the first light wave detection sensor 661 detects a decrease in light wave power or the second light wave detection sensor 662 detects an increase in light wave power, the axial stress applied to the first and second fiber bragg gratings 611 and 612 by the period adjustment mechanism 630 is increased to increase the pitches of the first and second fiber bragg gratings 611 and 612. By the arrangement, the multi-wavelength laser can realize automatic adjustment according to the set optical wave group value by utilizing the waste residual light in the tail fiber, and can realize the function equivalent to a temperature sensor by utilizing the waste residual light in the tail fiber. For example: when the temperature increases, the power in the low frequency bandwidth is reduced in the light wave input by the second wavelength division multiplexer 620, the power in the high frequency bandwidth is increased, at this time, the first light wave detection sensor 661 detects the increase in the light wave power, the second light wave detection sensor 662 detects the decrease in the light wave power, and in order to restore the light wave input by the second wavelength division multiplexer 620 to the current rated state, the pitch of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612 may be reduced by adjusting the period adjustment mechanism 630, and likewise, when the temperature decreases, the power in the low frequency bandwidth is increased in the light wave input by the second wavelength division multiplexer 620, and the power in the high frequency bandwidth is reduced, at this time, the first light wave detection sensor 661 detects the decrease in the light wave power, and the second light wave detection sensor 662 detects the increase in the light wave power, and in order to restore the light wave input by the second wavelength division multiplexer 620 to the current rated state, the pitch of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612 may be increased by adjusting the period adjustment mechanism 630.
In addition, the application also provides another control method of the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser.
The method for controlling the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser, wherein the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser is a tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser of which the period adjusting device comprises a third wavelength division multiplexer 680, a third light wave detection sensor 663, a fourth light wave detection sensor 664, a period adjusting mechanism 630 and a control system, and the method comprises the following steps: in the case of stable output of the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser, when the third light wave detection sensor 663 and/or the fourth light wave detection sensor 664 detect that the frequency of the light wave becomes large, the axial stress applied to the first and second fiber bragg gratings 611 and 612 by the period adjustment mechanism 630 is increased to increase the pitches of the first and second fiber bragg gratings 611 and 612. Or when the third light wave detection sensor 663 and/or the fourth light wave detection sensor 664 detects that the frequency of the light wave becomes smaller, the axial stress applied to the first and second fiber bragg gratings 611 and 612 by the period adjustment mechanism 630 is reduced to reduce the pitches of the first and second fiber bragg gratings 611 and 612. By the arrangement, the multi-wavelength laser can realize automatic adjustment according to the set optical wave group value, and can realize the function equivalent to a temperature sensor. For example: when the temperature increases, the bandwidth frequency of the output laser light of the optical coupler 700 will shift towards the low frequency direction, and this shift information will be received by the third light wave detection sensor 663 and the fourth light wave detection sensor 664 after passing through the third wavelength division multiplexer 680, which generally indicates that the light wave frequencies received by the third light wave detection sensor 663 and the fourth light wave detection sensor 664 are all shifted towards the low frequency, and after the control system obtains these information, the control system will increase the bandwidth frequency of the output laser light by adjusting the period adjustment mechanism 630 to reduce the grid pitch of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612. Similarly, when the temperature decreases, the bandwidth frequency of the output laser light from the optical coupler 700 will shift towards the high frequency direction, and this shift information will be received by the third light wave detection sensor 663 and the fourth light wave detection sensor 664 after passing through the third wavelength division multiplexer 680, which generally indicates that the frequency of the light wave received by the third light wave detection sensor 663 and the fourth light wave detection sensor 664 shift towards the high frequency, and after the control system obtains this information, the control system will increase the grid pitch of the first fiber bragg grating 611 and the second fiber bragg grating 612 to reduce the bandwidth frequency of the output laser light. Therefore, the output bandwidth frequency of the multi-wavelength fiber laser is always maintained within the set numerical range through continuous feedback adjustment, so that stable output of laser in a normal temperature state is realized.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser is characterized by comprising a pumping light source, a first wavelength division multiplexer, a gain medium, a first optical isolator, an optical circulator and an optical coupler which are sequentially connected in series by adopting optical fibers, wherein the pumping light source is connected with a first input end optical fiber of the first wavelength division multiplexer, an output end of the first optical isolator is connected with a first port optical fiber of the optical circulator, an input end of the optical coupler is connected with a third port optical fiber of the optical circulator, and a first output end of the optical coupler is used for outputting laser; the tunable multi-wavelength optical filter also comprises a second optical isolator and a tunable multi-wavelength optical filter; the input end of the second optical isolator is connected with the second output end of the optical coupler through optical fibers, and the output end of the second optical isolator is connected with the second input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer through optical fibers to form a closed optical path; the tunable multi-wavelength optical wave filter comprises a first fiber Bragg grating, a second fiber Bragg grating and a period adjusting device; the input end of the first fiber Bragg grating is connected with the second port optical fiber of the optical circulator, and the output end of the first fiber Bragg grating is connected with the input end optical fiber of the second fiber Bragg grating; the period adjusting device is used for steplessly adjusting the period of the first fiber Bragg grating and/or the second fiber Bragg grating; the first port, the second port and the third port of the optical circulator are sequentially arranged according to a fixed direction; the period adjusting device comprises a second wavelength division multiplexer, a third wavelength division multiplexer, a first light wave detection sensor, a second light wave detection sensor, a third light wave detection sensor, a fourth light wave detection sensor, a period adjusting mechanism and a control system; the input end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is in optical fiber connection with the output end of the second fiber Bragg grating; the first output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the first optical wave detection sensor through an optical fiber; the second output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the second optical wave detection sensor through an optical fiber; the set output frequency of the first output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is larger than the set output frequency of the second output end; the first light wave detection sensor and the second light wave detection sensor are used for detecting the change of the frequency, the wavelength or the power of the light wave output by the second wavelength division multiplexer; the optocoupler includes a third output; the input end of the third wavelength division multiplexer is connected with a third output end of the optical coupler through optical fibers; the first output end of the third wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the third optical wave detection sensor through an optical fiber; the second output end of the third wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the fourth optical wave detection sensor through an optical fiber; the third light wave detection sensor is used for detecting the change of the reflected light frequency, the wavelength or the power of the first fiber Bragg grating; the fourth light wave detection sensor is used for detecting the change of the reflected light frequency, the wavelength or the power of the second fiber Bragg grating; the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating are fixedly arranged on the period adjusting mechanism; the period adjusting mechanism is used for applying axial stress to the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating so as to change the grid distance of the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating; the control system is used for controlling the period adjusting mechanism to apply axial stress to the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating; the control system is further used for carrying out negative feedback type adjustment on the period adjusting mechanism by acquiring the detection result information of the first light wave detection sensor and/or the second light wave detection sensor, or carrying out negative feedback type adjustment on the period adjusting mechanism by acquiring the detection result information of the third light wave detection sensor and/or the fourth light wave detection sensor.
2. The tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser of claim 1, wherein,
The period adjusting device comprises N fiber Bragg gratings and N light wave detection sensors;
N optical fiber Bragg gratings are in one-to-one correspondence with N optical wave detection sensors, namely each optical fiber Bragg grating is independently corresponding to one optical wave detection sensor;
The periods of the N fiber Bragg gratings are different;
and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
3. The tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser of claim 1, wherein,
The cycle adjusting mechanism comprises a first cycle adjusting unit and a second cycle adjusting unit;
The first fiber Bragg grating is arranged on the first period adjusting unit;
The second fiber Bragg grating is arranged on the second period adjusting unit;
The first period adjusting unit and the second period adjusting unit are independent adjusting units, and can be controlled and adjusted independently.
4. A tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser according to claim 3, wherein,
The first period adjusting unit and the second period adjusting unit are piezoelectric ceramics;
The control system comprises a controller, and a piezoelectric ceramic driving and power supply connected with the controller;
the piezoelectric ceramic drive is also respectively connected with the power supply and the piezoelectric ceramic;
The piezoelectric ceramic drive is used for applying voltage to the piezoelectric ceramic;
the controller is also connected with the light wave detection sensor to acquire the change information of the frequency, the wavelength or the power of the reflected light of the fiber Bragg grating.
5. The tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser of claim 1, wherein,
The pumping light source is a 980nm or 1480nm laser light source;
The gain medium is an erbium-doped optical fiber;
The first wavelength division multiplexer is 980/1550nm or 1480/1550nm corresponding to the pump light source.
6. The tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser of claim 5, wherein,
The light splitting ratio of the optical coupler is 20%/80%, or 10%/90%.
7. A method of controlling a tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
In the case of stable output of the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser,
When the first light wave detection sensor detects that the light wave power is increased or the second light wave detection sensor detects that the light wave power is reduced, reducing axial stress applied to the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating by the period adjusting mechanism so as to reduce grid distances of the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating;
Or when the first light wave detection sensor detects that the light wave power is reduced or the second light wave detection sensor detects that the light wave power is increased, increasing the axial stress exerted on the first fiber bragg grating and the second fiber bragg grating by the period adjusting mechanism so as to increase the grid distances of the first fiber bragg grating and the second fiber bragg grating.
8. A method of controlling a tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
In the case of stable output of the tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser,
When the third light wave detection sensor and/or the fourth light wave detection sensor detect that the light wave frequency is increased, increasing axial stress applied to the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating by the period adjusting mechanism so as to increase the grid distance of the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating;
or when the third light wave detection sensor and/or the fourth light wave detection sensor detect that the frequency of the light wave is reduced, reducing the axial stress applied to the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating by the period adjusting mechanism so as to reduce the grid distance of the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating.
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