CN111990212A - Renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on kitchen waste raw materials and preparation method - Google Patents
Renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on kitchen waste raw materials and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111990212A CN111990212A CN202010651287.XA CN202010651287A CN111990212A CN 111990212 A CN111990212 A CN 111990212A CN 202010651287 A CN202010651287 A CN 202010651287A CN 111990212 A CN111990212 A CN 111990212A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
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- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate based on kitchen garbage raw materials and a preparation method thereof, wherein the production steps are as follows: s1: crushing kitchen garbage into slurry; s2: mixing 10-50 parts by weight of slurry with 20-80 parts by weight of adjusting material, and fermenting for 3-45 days to obtain primary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste; s3: adding water into the primary clinker to adjust the water content to 40-65%, uniformly mixing and fermenting for 5-45 days to obtain secondary fermentation clinker with the water content of 30-50%; s4: and uniformly mixing and stirring the secondary fermentation clinker and the matrix skeleton material according to a certain weight ratio to prepare the regenerated kitchen waste eucalyptus seedling culture matrix. The invention not only solves the problem of raw material source of the eucalyptus seedling raising matrix, but also finds a resource utilization way for kitchen garbage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparing renewable forest seedling substrate by using domestic organic garbage, and particularly relates to a renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate based on kitchen garbage raw materials and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Peat soil is a main raw material adopted for preparing a seedling substrate in the seedling process of eucalyptus due to stability, safety, high humic substance content, good water retention performance and few pathogenic bacteria, but peat soil is not renewable and the exploitation is gradually limited. Eucalyptus is a main source of wood in China, the eucalyptus industry occupies an important position in strategic development planning of China, and cultivation of excellent eucalyptus seedlings is one of the prerequisites of high-quality development of the eucalyptus industry, so that research, development and preparation of a high-quality and sustainable-regeneration eucalyptus seedling substrate are of great significance for guaranteeing healthy and sustainable development of the eucalyptus industry. At present, domestic waste classification is vigorously carried out in China, kitchen waste occupies about 50% of the proportion of the domestic waste, ecological environmental protection treatment and resource utilization of the kitchen waste are the keys for smoothly carrying out waste classification, and the method is one of effective ways for preparing eucalyptus, other flowers and seedling raising substrates by biological fermentation, can be used for preparing renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate raw materials for replacing peat soil, and can also solve the problem of resource treatment of the kitchen waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to prepare a renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate by using kitchen waste to replace the traditional eucalyptus seedling substrate prepared by non-renewable raw materials such as peat soil/turfy soil and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a renewable eucalyptus seedling growing matrix based on kitchen waste raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise kitchen waste, a regulating material and a matrix skeleton material.
Preferably, the adjusting material is any one or a mixture of more of kitchen waste primary fermentation clinker, sugar making filter mud fermentation clinker, powdery garden garbage, sawdust and crop straw powder.
Preferably, the matrix skeleton material is any one or a mixture of more than one of chaff or powdery greening garbage, sawdust, eucalyptus bark powder and coconut husk in any ratio.
Preferably, the conditioning material contains at least firmicutes and actinomycetes fermenting microorganisms.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a preparation method of the renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate based on kitchen garbage raw materials, which comprises the following production steps:
s1: crushing kitchen garbage to prepare slurry: crushing the kitchen waste into kitchen waste slurry with particles smaller than 20mm by using crushing and pulping equipment;
s2: preparing primary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste: uniformly mixing 10-50 parts by weight of the kitchen waste slurry obtained in the S1 with 20-80 parts by weight of the adjusting material to obtain a kitchen waste fermentation material with the water content of 35-70%, and fermenting for 3-45 days to obtain a kitchen waste primary fermentation clinker with the water content of 15-45%;
s3: preparing secondary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste: adding water into the primary kitchen waste fermentation clinker prepared in the S2, adjusting the water content to 40-65%, uniformly mixing and fermenting for 5-45 days to prepare secondary kitchen waste fermentation clinker with the water content of 30-50%;
s4: preparing a kitchen waste substrate: mixing the kitchen waste secondary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S3 with matrix skeleton materials according to the weight ratio of 20: the regeneration kitchen waste eucalyptus seedling substrate is prepared by uniformly mixing and stirring the components in a weight ratio of 0.5-10 directly or after fermenting for a plurality of days.
Preferably, the ratio of the kitchen waste primary fermentation clinker and the powdery garden garbage in the S3 is 10: 5-20, mixing and fermenting to obtain the secondary fermentation clinker of the kitchen waste.
Preferably, the fermentation in S2, S3 and S4 is carried out in a bag-drum type or/and tray type, groove type, strip-stack type or tank type.
Preferably, the materials before or during fermentation in S2, S3 and S4 are crushed into uniform powder by crushing equipment and then fermented.
Preferably, the kitchen waste secondary fermentation clinker in the S4 is mixed with the matrix framework material and then fermented for 3-45 days to prepare the kitchen waste regeneration eucalyptus seedling culture matrix.
Preferably, the secondary fermentation clinker of the kitchen residues in the S4 and the matrix framework material are mixed and sieved to prepare the filter mud regenerated eucalyptus seedling matrix.
Preferably, the thickness of the fermentation material layer which is subjected to tray type fermentation in the S2, S3 and S4 is 100-600 mm, the diameter of the fermentation bag barrel which is subjected to bag barrel type fermentation is 100-600 mm, and the height of the fermentation bag barrel is 300-2500 mm.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the raw materials for matrix production are organic solid wastes or wastes of agriculture and forestry, can be recycled, not only solve the problem of raw material sources of eucalyptus seedling culture matrixes, but also find an effective way and an effective way for ecological environmental protection treatment and resource utilization of kitchen garbage;
2. the kitchen waste is high in water content, easy to decay and emit stink, and capable of breeding flies and insects.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention for achieving the predetermined purpose, the following embodiments are combined with the preferred embodiments to provide the renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate based on kitchen garbage raw material and the preparation method thereof, and the specific implementation modes, the characteristics and the effects thereof are described in detail as follows:
example 1
The invention relates to a renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on kitchen garbage raw materials and a preparation method thereof, wherein the production steps are as follows:
s1: crushing kitchen garbage to prepare slurry: crushing the kitchen waste into kitchen waste slurry with particles smaller than 20mm by using crushing and pulping equipment;
s2: preparing primary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste: uniformly mixing 10 parts by weight of the kitchen waste slurry obtained in the step S1 with 80 parts by weight of powdery landscaping garbage to obtain a kitchen waste fermented material with the water content of 35%, uniformly mixing, crushing, then putting into a fermentation tray, wherein the thickness of the material is 400mm, fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain a kitchen waste primary fermentation clinker with the water content of 25%, and detecting that the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum firmicutes in the first mixing round of the substrate raw material is 64.8% and the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum actinomyces is 30%;
s3: preparing secondary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste: adding water into the primary kitchen waste fermentation clinker prepared in the step S2, adjusting the water content to 60%, uniformly mixing, crushing, putting into a fermentation tray, fermenting for 5-10 days to obtain secondary kitchen waste fermentation clinker with the water content of 35%, and detecting that the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum firmicutes in the substrate raw material circulating fermentation clinker is 62%;
s4: preparing a kitchen waste substrate: mixing the kitchen waste secondary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S3 with coconut coir according to the weight ratio of 20: the mixture is evenly mixed and stirred according to the weight ratio of 10, and after screening, the regenerated kitchen waste eucalyptus seedling substrate is prepared.
Example 2
The invention relates to a renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on kitchen garbage raw materials and a preparation method thereof, wherein the production steps are as follows:
s1: crushing kitchen garbage to prepare slurry: crushing the kitchen waste into kitchen waste slurry with particles smaller than 20mm by using crushing and pulping equipment;
s2: preparing primary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste: uniformly mixing 50 parts by weight of the kitchen waste slurry obtained in the step S1 with 50 parts by weight of a mixture of kitchen waste primary fermentation clinker and sugar-making filter mud fermentation clinker to obtain kitchen waste fermentation material with 50% of water, uniformly mixing, crushing, and then putting into a fermentation bag, wherein the diameter of the fermentation bag is 400mm, the height of the fermentation bag is 800mm, and the kitchen waste primary fermentation clinker with 15% of water is obtained after fermenting for 35-45 days, wherein the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum firmicutensis in the first mixing round of the substrate raw material is detected to be 66.3%, and the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum actinomyces is detected to be 31.2%;
s3: preparing secondary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste: adding water into the primary kitchen waste fermentation clinker prepared in the step S2, adjusting the water content to 50%, uniformly mixing, crushing into uniform powder particles by using crushing equipment, putting into a fermentation bag with the diameter of 400mm and the height of 800mm, continuously fermenting for 15-20 days to prepare secondary kitchen waste fermentation clinker with the water content of 45%, and detecting that the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum of the firmicutes in the substrate raw material circulating fermentation material is 65%;
s4: preparing a kitchen waste substrate: mixing the kitchen waste secondary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S3 with sawdust and eucalyptus bark powder according to the weight ratio of 20: and 5, uniformly mixing and stirring the components in a weight ratio of 5, filling the mixture into a fermentation bag again, and fermenting for 10-15 days to prepare the regenerated kitchen waste eucalyptus seedling substrate.
Example 3
The invention relates to a renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on kitchen garbage raw materials and a preparation method thereof, wherein the production steps are as follows:
s1: crushing kitchen garbage to prepare slurry: crushing the kitchen waste into kitchen waste slurry with particles smaller than 20mm by using crushing and pulping equipment;
s2: preparing primary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste: uniformly mixing 45 parts by weight of the kitchen waste slurry obtained in the step S1 with 20 parts by weight of sawdust to obtain a kitchen waste fermented material with 70% of water, crushing the kitchen waste fermented material, fermenting the crushed kitchen waste fermented material by adopting a stack, wherein the width and the height of the material stack are 100mm and 600mm, the kitchen waste fermented material is fermented for 8-18 days, the kitchen waste fermented material is turned and stacked once every 3 days by using a forklift or a turner, after the fermentation is finished, a kitchen waste fermented clinker with 45% of water is obtained, and the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum of the muralis and the actinomyces in the first mixed material fermented material of the matrix raw material is detected to be 67%, and the relative abundance of the;
s3: preparing secondary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste: mixing the primary kitchen waste fermentation clinker prepared in the step S2 and the powdery garden garbage according to the dry basis weight of 10: 20, mixing, crushing into uniform powder by adopting crushing equipment, putting into a tray type organic material fermentation system, fermenting for 3-7 days, wherein the thickness of a fermentation material layer is 420mm, obtaining kitchen waste secondary fermentation clinker with 35% of water, and detecting that the relative abundance of microorganisms of the phylum of the firmicutes and the actinomycetemtes in the deeply fermented and decomposed substrate raw material is 58.3% and 36.5% respectively;
s4: preparing a kitchen waste substrate: mixing the kitchen waste secondary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S3 and powdery greening garbage according to the weight ratio of 20: the regeneration kitchen waste eucalyptus seedling substrate is directly prepared by uniformly mixing and stirring the components in a weight ratio of 0.5.
Example 4
The invention relates to a renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on kitchen garbage raw materials and a preparation method thereof, wherein the production steps are as follows:
s1: crushing kitchen garbage to prepare slurry: crushing the kitchen waste into kitchen waste slurry with particles smaller than 20mm by using crushing and pulping equipment;
s2: preparing primary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste: uniformly mixing 20 parts by weight of the kitchen waste slurry obtained in the step S1 with 40 parts by weight of a mixture of kitchen waste primary fermentation clinker and sugar-making filter mud fermentation clinker to obtain kitchen waste fermentation material with 50% of water, uniformly mixing, crushing, and then putting into a fermentation bag, wherein the diameter of the fermentation bag is 200mm, the height of the fermentation bag is 500mm, and the kitchen waste primary fermentation clinker with 20% of water is obtained after fermentation for 15-20 days, wherein the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum firmicutensis in the first mixing round of the substrate raw material is detected to be 67.6%, and the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum actinomyces is detected to be 30.2%;
s3: preparing secondary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste: adding water into the primary kitchen waste fermentation clinker prepared in the step S2, adjusting the water content to 50%, uniformly mixing, crushing into uniform powder particles by using crushing equipment, putting into a fermentation bag, wherein the diameter of the fermentation bag is 200mm, the height of the fermentation bag is 500mm, continuously fermenting for 10-15 days to prepare the secondary kitchen waste fermentation clinker with the water content of 40%, and detecting that the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum firmicutes in the substrate raw material circulation fermentation material is 63. 8 percent;
s4: preparing a kitchen waste substrate: mixing the kitchen waste secondary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S3 with the chaff and the sawdust according to the ratio of 20: 3, uniformly mixing and stirring the components in a weight ratio, filling the mixture into a fermentation bag again, and fermenting for 10-15 days to prepare the regenerated kitchen waste eucalyptus seedling substrate.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. The renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on kitchen waste raw materials is characterized by comprising kitchen waste, a regulating material and a substrate skeleton material.
2. The renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the conditioning material is any one or a mixture of a primary fermentation clinker from kitchen waste, a fermentation clinker from sugar manufacturing and filter mud, powdery garden garbage, sawdust and crop straw powder.
3. The renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate framework material is any one or a mixture of more of rice husk or powdery greening garbage, sawdust, eucalyptus bark powder and coconut husk in any ratio.
4. The conditioned material according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains at least the firmicutes and actinomycetemcomitans fermenting microorganisms.
5. A preparation method of a renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate based on kitchen garbage raw materials is characterized by comprising the following production steps:
s1: crushing kitchen garbage to prepare slurry: crushing the kitchen waste into kitchen waste slurry with particles smaller than 20mm by using crushing and pulping equipment;
s2: preparing primary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste: uniformly mixing 10-50 parts by weight of the kitchen waste slurry obtained in the S1 with 20-80 parts by weight of the adjusting material to obtain a kitchen waste fermentation material with the water content of 35-70%, and fermenting for 3-45 days to obtain a kitchen waste primary fermentation clinker with the water content of 15-45%;
s3: preparing secondary fermentation clinker of kitchen waste: adding water into the primary kitchen waste fermentation clinker prepared in the S2, adjusting the water content to 40-65%, uniformly mixing and fermenting for 5-45 days to prepare secondary kitchen waste fermentation clinker with the water content of 30-50%;
s4: preparing a kitchen waste substrate: mixing the kitchen waste secondary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S3 with matrix skeleton materials according to the weight ratio of 20: the regeneration kitchen waste eucalyptus seedling substrate is prepared by uniformly mixing and stirring the components in a weight ratio of 0.5-10 directly or after fermenting for a plurality of days.
6. The preparation method of the renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate based on kitchen garbage raw material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the kitchen garbage primary fermentation clinker and the powdery garden garbage in S3 are mixed according to a dry weight ratio of 10: 5-20, mixing and fermenting to obtain the secondary fermentation clinker of the kitchen waste.
7. The method for preparing renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate based on kitchen garbage as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fermentation in S2, S3, S4 is performed in bag-drum type or/and tray type, tank type, windrow type, tank type.
8. The preparation method of the renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate based on kitchen waste raw materials as claimed in claim 5, wherein the materials before or during fermentation in S2, S3 and S4 are mixed and then crushed into uniform powder by a crushing device for fermentation.
9. The preparation method of the renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate based on kitchen waste raw materials as claimed in claim 5, wherein the kitchen waste secondary fermentation clinker in S4 is mixed with the substrate framework material and then fermented for 3-45 days to prepare the kitchen waste renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate.
10. The preparation method of the renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate based on kitchen waste raw materials as claimed in claim 5, wherein the kitchen waste secondary fermentation clinker in S4 is mixed with the substrate framework material and then screened to prepare the filter mud renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate.
11. The preparation method of the renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on kitchen waste raw materials as claimed in claim 5, wherein the thickness of the fermentation material layer which is subjected to tray type fermentation in S2, S3 and S4 is 100-600 mm, the diameter of the fermentation bag barrel which is subjected to bag barrel type fermentation is 100-600 mm, and the height of the fermentation bag barrel is 300-2500 mm.
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| CN113966710A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-01-25 | 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 | Vegetable seedling raising substrate based on kitchen waste and preparation method thereof |
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