CN111812522A - Electric quantity measuring method for vehicle-mounted power battery of electric vehicle - Google Patents
Electric quantity measuring method for vehicle-mounted power battery of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111812522A CN111812522A CN202010564950.2A CN202010564950A CN111812522A CN 111812522 A CN111812522 A CN 111812522A CN 202010564950 A CN202010564950 A CN 202010564950A CN 111812522 A CN111812522 A CN 111812522A
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for measuring the electric quantity of a vehicle-mounted power battery of an electric vehicle, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out power failure detection on a battery in an idle state of a flameout power battery of the electric automobile, and counting the self-discharge capacity of the battery; dividing the load of the power battery into a plurality of series coupling functional modules, and utilizing a metering unit to count the power consumption of each series coupling functional module in real time; calculating the endurance time of the battery according to the power consumption of each series coupling functional module in unit time; according to the scheme, the power consumption capacity of each functional module and the self-discharge of the power battery are superposed, so that the residual electric quantity of the electric automobile can be calculated, the endurance time of the power battery under the current power consumption can be predicted, and the function of early warning and timely charging of the electric automobile is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a method for measuring the electric quantity of a vehicle-mounted power battery of an electric automobile.
Background
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular as vehicles. The electric vehicle (BEV) is a vehicle which uses a vehicle-mounted power supply as power and uses a motor to drive wheels to run and meets various requirements of road traffic and safety regulations. Because the influence on the environment is smaller than that of the traditional automobile, the prospect is widely seen.
The currently used electric automobile has high difficulty in constructing a model for calculating the residual electric quantity, complicated calculation procedures, inaccurate calculated residual electric quantity, and the problem that an automobile owner cannot know the residual electric quantity in the first time and cannot continue to operate midway.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for measuring the electric quantity of a vehicle-mounted power battery of an electric vehicle, which can calculate the residual electric quantity of the electric vehicle by superposing the power consumption capacity of each functional module and the self-discharge of the power battery, can predict the endurance time of the power battery under the current power consumption, and plays a role in early warning and timely charging the electric vehicle so as to solve the problems that in the prior art, the difficulty of constructing a model for calculating the residual electric quantity is high, the calculation program is complicated, the calculated residual electric quantity is not accurate, and a vehicle owner cannot know the residual electric quantity in the first time.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following: a method for measuring the electric quantity of a vehicle-mounted power battery of an electric vehicle comprises the following steps:
step 100, counting the initial electric quantity of a power battery of the electric automobile after the power battery is charged;
200, performing power failure detection on a power battery in an idle state after an electric automobile is flamed out, and calculating the self-discharge capacity of the power battery in the idle state;
step 300, dividing a load of a power battery of the electric automobile into a plurality of series coupling functional modules, and detecting the power consumption of each series coupling functional module in a starting state of the electric automobile in real time;
and step 400, calculating the residual electric quantity of the power battery in real time according to the initial electric quantity of the power battery, the electric power consumption of each series coupling functional module in unit time and the self-discharge quantity of the power battery in a no-load state.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, in step 100, a current sampling unit for detecting a total output current of the battery is connected to an anode output end of the power battery, and a voltage sampling unit for detecting a total output voltage of the battery is connected between an anode and a cathode of the power battery.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the current sampling unit and the voltage sampling unit are connected to a control processing unit, the control processing unit receives data of the current sampling unit and the voltage sampling unit, the control processing unit constructs a self-discharge capacity metering model to calculate a power failure condition of the power battery in an idle state, the self-discharge capacity metering model establishes a two-dimensional coordinate system related to total output power-time, and the self-discharge capacity of the power battery is specifically an idle current integration result of the self-discharge capacity metering model.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, a switch checker for monitoring the switch state of each power consumption of the electric vehicle of the series coupling functional module is provided in the control processing unit, and the switch checker detects that the self-discharge amount metering model obtains the self-discharge amount of the electric vehicle and the average self-discharge amount of the electric vehicle per hour when all the series coupling functional modules are in the off state.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, in step 300, the total power consumption of the power battery in the electric vehicle starting state is the sum of the power consumption of each of the series coupling function modules and the electric vehicle self-discharge amount in the electric vehicle starting state.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, in step 300, the load of the power battery is divided into a plurality of series-coupled functional modules connected in parallel, the loads in the same series-coupled relationship are integrated into one series-coupled functional module, a current monitor is used to detect the series current of each series-coupled functional module, and a voltage monitor is used to detect the voltage of each series-coupled functional module.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the current monitor and the voltage monitor are both connected to the control processing unit, the control processing unit correspondingly receives a current voltage value of each of the series coupling functional modules, and the control processing unit establishes a consumed electricity quantity measurement model according to electricity consumption of each of the series coupling functional modules.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the electricity consumption amount measurement model establishes a two-dimensional coordinate system of consumed power-consumed time with respect to each series-coupled functional module, and calculates the consumed electricity amount of each series-coupled functional module in real time.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, in step 300, the specific implementation steps of calculating the power consumption of each series coupling functional module of the electric vehicle in unit time include:
the control processing unit respectively receives current data of the current monitor and the voltage monitor of each series coupling functional module and creates a consumed electricity metering model of each series coupling functional module;
calculating the power consumption of each series coupling functional module in unit time according to the power consumption metering model of each series coupling functional module;
and accumulating the power consumption of the plurality of series coupling functional modules in unit time and the self-discharge capacity of the power battery in unit time, and calculating the total power consumption and the residual capacity of the power battery in the running process of the electric automobile.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in step 300, the specific implementation steps of calculating the endurance time of the power battery are as follows:
accumulating and counting the average power of the plurality of series coupling function modules and the self-discharge of the electric automobile in a time period before the current time point according to the consumed electric quantity metering model and the self-discharge metering model of each series coupling function module;
and calculating the endurance time of the power battery according to the residual electric quantity of the power battery at the current time point.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the method, the residual electric quantity of the electric automobile can be calculated by performing superposition statistics on the power consumption capacity of each functional module and the self-discharge of the power battery, the endurance time of the electric automobile under the current residual electric quantity is calculated according to the average current of the plurality of functional modules, the power of each functional module is in a linear function relationship, so that when the consumed electric quantity of each series coupling functional module is calculated, the integral relationship is simple, the total consumed electric quantity of all the series coupling functional modules can be obtained by superposing the consumed electric quantities obtained by the consumed electric quantity metering models of each series coupling functional module, the calculation operation is simple, and the metering precision is high;
(2) the invention can predict the endurance time of the power battery under the current power consumption, and plays a role in early warning and timely charging the electric automobile, thereby avoiding the occurrence of emergency power shortage.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring the amount of electricity in a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for measuring the electric quantity of a vehicle-mounted power battery of an electric vehicle, the electric quantity of the battery of the electric vehicle has various consumption directions, and the present embodiment couples the battery load of the electric vehicle into a plurality of functional modules according to a series connection, that is, the loads in each functional module are connected in series, but two different functional modules are connected in parallel.
Therefore, the residual electric quantity of the electric automobile can be calculated by superposing and counting the power consumption capacity of each functional module and the self-discharge of the power battery, and the cruising time of the electric automobile under the current residual electric quantity is calculated according to the average current of the plurality of functional modules.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 100, counting the initial electric quantity of the power battery of the electric automobile after the power battery is charged.
The positive output end of the power battery is connected with a current sampling unit used for detecting the total output current of the battery, a voltage sampling unit used for detecting the total output voltage of the battery is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery, and the initial electric quantity and the battery allowance of the power battery of the battery are calculated through the electric energy conversion module.
It should be noted that the current sampling unit and the voltage sampling unit only detect the current and the voltage of the power battery when the electric vehicle is turned off, and calculate the self-discharge electric quantity of the power battery when the electric vehicle is turned off, and the output data of the current sampling unit and the voltage sampling unit do not participate in the electric quantity calculation process when the vehicle is started to run.
200, performing power failure detection on the power battery in the no-load state after the electric automobile is flamed out, and calculating the self-discharge capacity of the power battery in the no-load state.
Power cells fall into two broad categories including batteries and fuel cells. The storage battery is suitable for pure electric vehicles and comprises a lead-acid storage battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a sodium-sulfur battery, a secondary lithium battery, an air battery and a ternary lithium battery, wherein the fuel battery is specially used for fuel cell electric vehicles and comprises an Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC), a Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC), a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC), a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC).
After the battery is stored for a certain time in a dry mode (without electrolyte) or in a wet mode (with electrolyte), the capacity of the battery is automatically reduced, and the phenomenon is called self-discharge. The term "storage property" refers to the magnitude of self-discharge after a battery is stored under a certain condition (e.g., temperature and humidity) for a certain period of time when the battery is open.
During the storage period of the battery, although no electric energy is discharged, a self-discharge phenomenon always exists in the battery. Even in dry storage, the electrolyte enters substances such as moisture, air, carbon dioxide and the like due to poor sealing, so that part of active substances of the anode and the cathode in a thermodynamically unstable state form a microcell corrosion mechanism, and oxidation-reduction reaction occurs automatically and is consumed uselessly. This is especially true if the storage is wet. Active materials that are in the electrolyte for long periods of time are also unstable. Most of the negative active materials are active metals, and the anode autolysis occurs. The negative electrode metal is unstable in an acidic solution, and is not very stable in an alkaline solution and a neutral solution.
The power battery comprises two parts, namely a flameout no-load state and a normal running state, in order to detect the self-discharge electric quantity of the battery when the electric automobile is flameout and no-load, a communication circuit is formed between the power battery and a load, a voltage sampling unit for detecting the total output voltage of the battery is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery, and the positive electrode output end of the power battery is connected with a current sampling unit for detecting the total output current of the battery.
The power battery power failure detection method comprises the steps that a current sampling unit and a voltage sampling unit are connected with a control processing unit, the control processing unit receives data of the current sampling unit and the voltage sampling unit, a self-discharge capacity metering model is built by the control processing unit to calculate the power failure condition of the power battery in a no-load state, a two-dimensional coordinate system related to total output power-time is built by the self-discharge capacity metering model, and the self-discharge capacity of the power battery is specifically the no-load current integration result of the self-discharge capacity metering model.
The control processing unit is internally provided with a switch checker for monitoring the switch state of each power consumption series coupling function module of the electric automobile, and when the switch checker detects that all the series coupling function modules are in the disconnection state, the self-discharge capacity of the electric automobile is calculated by using the self-discharge capacity metering model.
In summary, the self-discharge capacity metering model can count the working current of the power battery in the flameout no-load state (time) and the normal driving state (time), correspondingly distinguish the flameout no-load time from the normal driving time through the switch checker, integrate the power in the flameout no-load time, and obtain the self-discharge capacity of the battery in the no-load state, wherein the unit of the obtained self-discharge capacity of the electric vehicle is kilowatt-hour.
Step 300, dividing a load of a power battery of the electric vehicle into a plurality of series coupling functional modules, and detecting the power consumption of each series coupling functional module in the starting state of the electric vehicle in real time.
The loads of the power battery connecting circuit are classified according to the series coupling relationship, the loads in the same series coupling relationship are divided into a plurality of series coupling functional modules, and the series coupling functional modules are connected in parallel, so that the shunt current of each series coupling functional module is different, and the power consumption and the electric quantity of each series coupling functional module are different.
Therefore, it is necessary to add a metering unit to each series coupling functional module, where the metering unit includes a current monitor for detecting the series current of each series coupling functional module and a voltage monitor for detecting the voltage of each series coupling functional module, and monitors the power consumption amount of each series coupling functional module in real time, and at this time, the power consumption amount W of each series coupling functional modulei＝Ui×IiAnd x t, the unit of the power consumption is kilowatt-hour.
The current monitor and the voltage monitor are respectively connected with the control processing unit, the control processing unit correspondingly receives the current voltage value of each series coupling function module, and the control processing unit establishes a consumed electricity quantity metering model according to the electricity consumption of each series coupling function module.
The power consumption amount metering model establishes a two-dimensional coordinate system of power consumption power-power consumption time of each series coupling functional module, and calculates the power consumption amount of each series coupling functional module in real time.
In summary, when the electric vehicle is in an off state and the battery is in an idle state, the connection circuit of the battery has a self-discharge loss, and when the electric vehicle runs under the battery load, the total loss of the power consumption loss of each series coupling functional module and the self-discharge loss of the battery connection circuit is superimposed.
And calculating the difference value of the total electric quantity of the fully charged power battery and the total loss in real time to obtain the residual electric quantity of the power battery.
In the running process of the electric automobile, because the load of the battery communication circuit changes in real time, for example, the output current of the battery changes irregularly and constantly due to the on-off of an air conditioner, the on-off of an entertainment system and the acceleration and deceleration of the automobile, the program for directly calculating the power consumption and the electric quantity of the battery load through the self-discharge quantity metering model is complex, and errors are easy to occur.
In the embodiment, the load of the battery communication circuit is divided into the plurality of series coupling function modules according to the functional integration, the load with the series coupling relation of the same linkage combination is divided into the plurality of series coupling function modules, and the plurality of series coupling function modules are connected in parallel, so that the voltages of the plurality of series coupling function modules are the same, and the power of each series coupling function module is a linear function.
And step 400, calculating the residual electric quantity of the power battery in real time according to the initial electric quantity of the power battery, the electric power consumption of each series coupling functional module in unit time and the self-discharge quantity of the power battery in a no-load state.
The specific implementation steps for calculating the power consumption and the electric quantity of each series coupling functional module of the electric automobile in unit time are as follows:
(1) the control processing unit receives electrical data of the current monitor and the voltage monitor of each series coupling function module respectively and creates a consumed electricity quantity metering model of each series coupling function module;
(2) calculating the power consumption of each series coupling functional module in unit time according to the power consumption metering model of each series coupling functional module;
(3) and accumulating the power consumption of the plurality of series coupling functional modules in unit time and the self-discharge capacity of the power battery in unit time, and calculating the total power consumption and the residual capacity of the power battery in the running process of the electric automobile.
The specific implementation steps for calculating the endurance time of the power battery are as follows:
(4) accumulating and counting the average power of self-discharge of the plurality of series coupling function modules and the electric automobile in a time period before the current time point of the electric automobile according to the consumed electric quantity metering model and the self-discharge metering model of each series coupling function module;
(5) and calculating the endurance time of the power battery according to the residual capacity of the power battery at the current time point.
According to the average power and the residual capacity (electric quantity) of the battery, the method can predict the endurance time of the power battery in the current power consumption mode, and plays a role in early warning and timely charging the electric automobile, so that the emergency power shortage situation is avoided.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring the electric quantity of a vehicle-mounted power battery of an electric vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, counting the initial electric quantity of a power battery of the electric automobile after the power battery is charged;
200, performing power failure detection on a power battery in an idle state after an electric automobile is flamed out, and calculating the self-discharge capacity of the power battery in the idle state;
step 300, dividing a load of a power battery of the electric automobile into a plurality of series coupling functional modules, and detecting the power consumption of each series coupling functional module in a starting state of the electric automobile in real time;
and step 400, calculating the residual electric quantity of the power battery in real time according to the initial electric quantity of the power battery, the electric power consumption of each series coupling functional module in unit time and the self-discharge quantity of the power battery in a no-load state.
2. The method for measuring the electric quantity of the vehicle-mounted power battery of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 100, a current sampling unit for detecting the total output current of the battery is connected to the positive output end of the power battery, and a voltage sampling unit for detecting the total output voltage of the battery is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery.
3. The method for measuring the electric quantity of the vehicle-mounted power battery of the electric vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the current sampling unit and the voltage sampling unit are connected with a control processing unit, the control processing unit receives data of the current sampling unit and the voltage sampling unit, the control processing unit constructs a self-discharge quantity metering model to calculate a power failure condition of the power battery in an idle state, the self-discharge quantity metering model establishes a two-dimensional coordinate system of total output power-time, and the self-discharge quantity of the power battery is specifically an idle current integral result of the self-discharge quantity metering model.
4. The method for measuring the electric quantity of the vehicle-mounted power battery of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein a switch checker for monitoring the switch state of each power consumption of the electric vehicle of the series coupling functional module is arranged in the control processing unit, and the switch checker detects that the self-discharge quantity metering model obtains the self-discharge quantity of the electric vehicle and the average self-discharge quantity of the electric vehicle per hour when all the series coupling functional modules are in the off state.
5. The method for measuring the electric quantity of the vehicle-mounted power battery of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 300, the total electric consumption quantity of the power battery in the electric vehicle starting state is the sum of the electric consumption quantity of each series coupling functional module and the electric vehicle self-discharge quantity in the electric vehicle starting state.
6. The method for measuring the electric quantity of the power battery on board the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein in step 300, the load of the power battery is divided into a plurality of series coupling functional modules which are connected in parallel, the loads in the same series coupling relationship are integrated into one series coupling functional module, the series current of each series coupling functional module is detected by a current monitor, and the voltage of each series coupling functional module is detected by a voltage monitor.
7. The method for measuring the electric quantity of the power battery on board the electric automobile as claimed in claim 5, wherein the current monitor and the voltage monitor are both connected to the control processing unit, the control processing unit correspondingly receives the current voltage value of each series coupling functional module, and the control processing unit establishes a consumed electric quantity measuring model according to the electric quantity consumption of each series coupling functional module.
8. The electric quantity measuring method for the vehicle-mounted power battery of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein the consumed electric quantity measuring model establishes a two-dimensional coordinate system of consumed power-consumed time of each series coupling functional module, and the consumed electric quantity measuring model calculates the consumed electric quantity of each series coupling functional module in real time.
9. The method for measuring the electric quantity of the vehicle-mounted power battery of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 300, the specific implementation steps for calculating the electric quantity consumed by each series coupling functional module of the electric vehicle in unit time are as follows:
the control processing unit respectively receives current data of the current monitor and the voltage monitor of each series coupling functional module and creates a consumed electricity metering model of each series coupling functional module;
calculating the power consumption of each series coupling functional module in unit time according to the power consumption metering model of each series coupling functional module;
and accumulating the power consumption of the plurality of series coupling functional modules in unit time and the self-discharge capacity of the power battery in unit time, and calculating the total power consumption and the residual capacity of the power battery in the running process of the electric automobile.
10. The method for measuring the electric quantity of the power battery on board the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 9, wherein in step 300, the specific implementation steps for calculating the endurance time of the power battery are as follows:
accumulating and counting the average power of the plurality of series coupling function modules and the self-discharge of the electric automobile in a time period before the current time point according to the consumed electric quantity metering model and the self-discharge metering model of each series coupling function module;
and calculating the endurance time of the power battery according to the residual electric quantity of the power battery at the current time point.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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