CN111732541B - 一种钌催化的c-h活化/环合反应高效合成6-烯基菲啶衍生物的方法 - Google Patents
一种钌催化的c-h活化/环合反应高效合成6-烯基菲啶衍生物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
- C07D221/06—Ring systems of three rings
- C07D221/10—Aza-phenanthrenes
- C07D221/12—Phenanthridines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种钌催化的C‑H活化/环合反应高效合成6‑烯基菲啶衍生物的新方法:以2‑联苯胺类化合物为原料,环丙烯酮为偶联试剂,在添加剂、氧化剂的作用下,通过过渡金属钌催化的C‑H活化/环合反应高效合成6‑烯基菲啶衍生物。与传统合成菲啶环方法相比,本方法的优势如下:条件温和,操作安全系数高,原料易得,底物适用范围广,产物收率高;产生的副产物仅一种,即水,避免产生大量的废弃物,提高了原子利用率;无需对底物进行预活化,操作简便,后处理简单;避免了使用昂贵的铑催化剂,采用相对较便宜的钌催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种合成6-烯基菲啶衍生物的新方法:以2-联苯胺类化合物为原料,环丙烯酮为偶联试剂,通过过渡金属钌催化的C-H活化/环合反应高效合成6-烯基菲啶衍生物,属于化学合成领域。
背景技术
菲啶是一种重要的稠合六元杂环化合物,作为核心骨架广泛存在于许多天然产物和生物活性分子中1-2。包含菲啶母环骨架的化合物具有显著的生物活性,如抗疟疾、抗肿瘤、抗结核等3-7。因此,发展针对此类化合物的更高效简便的合成策略一直是化学工作者的关注热点。传统的菲啶环合成方法主要是通过Bischler−
Napieralski反应合成,由于此方法需要在高温下使用PCl3、POCl3等试剂,因此具有操作复杂、安全系数低、官能团容忍性差等缺点8-9。近年来化学研究者也持续报道了一些合成菲啶环的新方法,如光催化的自由基反应10-11、微波辅助环化反应12-14、芳烃参与的环化反应15-16、钯催化的反应17-18等。但是对于合成6-烯基菲啶类化合物的方法却鲜有报道,尤其是使用简单易得的2-联苯胺类化合物为起始原料通过一步反应合成未有报道。本发明提供一种以2-联苯胺类化合物为原料,环丙烯酮为偶联试剂,通过过渡金属钌催化的C-H活化/环合反应高效合成6-乙烯基菲啶衍生物。
发明内容
本发明实现了以2-联苯胺类化合物为原料,环丙烯酮为偶联试剂通过过渡金属钌催化的C-H活化/环合反应高效合成6-烯基菲啶衍生物。该反应条件温和、操作简单、底物适用范围广且副产物仅为水、原子利用率高,具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明化学反应式如下所示:
其中:A环为苯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡啶基;
R1、R2为氢、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、羰基、硝基、氰基中的一种或一种以上;
R为氢、卤素、烷基、烷氧基中的一种。
制备步骤如下:
(1)在洁净的耐压瓶中加入2-联苯胺类化合物、二芳基环丙烯酮类化合物、催化剂、酸添加剂、银盐和溶剂,于100℃油浴锅里加热搅拌48 h;
(2)反应完成后,经减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品。
步骤(1)中的催化剂为对甲基异丙基苯二氯化钌(II)二聚体、三(2,2'-联吡啶)二氯化钌、1,3-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)-2-(咪唑烷亚基)(二氯苯亚甲基)(三环己基膦)钌中的一种或一种以上。
步骤(1)中的酸添加剂为硼酸、1-金刚烷甲酸、特戊酸中的一种或一种以上。
步骤(1)中银盐添加剂为碳酸银、六氟锑酸银、硫酸银、硝酸银、醋酸银、甲烷磺酸银、三氟甲烷磺酸银、对甲苯磺酸银、双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺银、三氟甲烷磺酸银、四氟硼酸银、六氟磷酸银中的一种或一种以上。
步骤(1)中溶剂为二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯、氯苯中的一种或一种以上。
步骤(1)中2-联苯胺类化合物:环丙烯酮类化合物:催化剂:酸添加剂:银盐的摩尔比为 1:(2.0~3.0):(0.02~0.05):(0.2~1.0):(0.2~0.5)。
步骤(1)中2-联苯胺类化合物的反应浓度为0.05~0.2 mol/L。
用核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、碳谱(13C NMR)以及高分辨质谱证实了在芳环上形成C-C键以及环合成6-烯基菲啶衍生物的结构。其中核磁共振图采用Varian INOVA-400 型核磁共振仪测定,以四甲基硅烷(TMS)为内标(δ 0 ppm),氘代氯仿为溶剂;高分辨质谱用Agilent 1946B 质谱仪测定。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步描述,有助于对本发明的理解。但并不能以此来限制本发明的权利范围,而本发明的权利范围应以权利要求书阐述的为准。
实施实例1:化合物1的合成
(1)在洁净的耐压瓶中依次加入,4'-甲基-联苯-2-基胺(36.6 mg, 0.20 mmol),二苯基环丙烯酮(82.5 mg, 0.4 mmol),对甲基异丙基苯二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1 mg,0.01 mmol),硼酸(6.1 mg,0.1 mmol),碳酸银(22.0 mg, 0.08 mmol),二氯甲烷(2.0 mL),空气氛围下于100℃油浴锅里搅拌48 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品47.5 mg,黄色油状液体,收率64%;1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.69-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.42 (m,1H), 7.39-7.27 (m, 7H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.19 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.08 (m,3H), 6.87 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.53 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H). 13C NMR(100 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 166.0, 149.3, 144.2, 140.7, 136.7, 136.6, 136.5,133.5, 131.1, 130.3, 129.2, 129.1, 128.6, 128.6, 128.1, 127.8, 127.8, 127.3,127.0, 125.7, 124.5, 121.4, 118.1, 21.1. HRMS (ESI): 计算值C28H22N [M + H]+372.1747, 实测值:372.1748。
实施实例2:化合物2的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入,4'-乙酰基-联苯-2-基胺(42.2 mg, 0.20mmol),二苯基环丙烯酮(82.5 mg, 0.4 mmol),对甲基异丙基苯二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg, 0.01 mmol),特戊酸(10.1 mg,0.1 mmol),碳酸银(22.0 mg, 0.08 mmol),二氯甲烷(2.0 mL),空气氛围下于100℃油浴锅里搅拌48 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品64.7 mg,黄色固体,收率81%;1H NMR (600 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.87 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (d, J =7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.52 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.28(m, 5H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.19 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H),6.93 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H),2.55 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 198.2, 166.8, 149.6, 144.9,144.5, 140.7, 137.4, 135.8, 133.6, 131.8, 130.6, 130.1, 129.8, 129.3, 128.8,128.5, 128.4, 128.3, 127.4, 125.9, 125.1, 121.9, 118.8, 27.0. HRMS (ESI): 计算值C29H22NO [M + H]+ 400.1696, 实测值:400.1699。
实施实例3:化合物3的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入,2',3'-二甲氧基-联苯-2-基胺(45.9 mg, 0.20mmol),二苯基环丙烯酮(82.5 mg, 0.4 mmol),三(2,2'-联吡啶)二氯化钌(6.4 mg, 0.01mmol),硼酸(6.1 mg,0.1 mmol),碳酸银(22.0 mg, 0.08 mmol),二氯甲烷(2.0 mL),空气氛围下于100℃油浴锅里搅拌48 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品59.3 mg,黄色油状液体,收率71%;1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.49-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.32 (t, J = 7.3Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.16 (m, 5H), 7.11 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (t, J = 7.9 Hz,1H), 6.94-6.81 (m, 4H), 6.76 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.51 (s, 3H).13C NMR (100 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 165.3, 152.8, 149.5, 147.0, 144.5, 140.9,136.3, 134.2, 133.5, 131.1, 131.0, 129.1, 128.8, 128.5, 128.0, 127.9, 127.6,126.7, 125.9, 124.0, 123.5, 123.2, 121.5, 117.7, 111.9, 60.7, 56.0. HRMS(ESI): 计算值C29H24NO2 [M + H]+ 418.1802, 实测值:418.1807。
实施实例4:化合物4的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入,2-联苯胺(33.8 mg, 0.20 mmol),2,3-二(4-溴苯基)环丙烯酮(145.6 mg,0.4 mmol),对甲基异丙基苯二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1 mg,0.01 mmol),硼酸(6.1 mg,0.1 mmol),六氟锑酸银(27.5mg, 0.08 mmol),二氯甲烷(2.0mL),空气氛围下于100℃油浴锅里搅拌48 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品84.5 mg,黄色油状液体,收率82%;1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.52-7.41 (m, 5H), 7.39-7.27 (m,6H), 7.25-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.07-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 7.2 Hz,1H), 6.39 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 165.1, 149.0,146.2, 141.0, 139.7, 135.8, 132.1, 131.7, 131.7, 130.8, 130.5, 130.2, 129.6,128.5, 128.3, 127.7, 127.4, 127.0, 126.1, 125.4, 125.2, 122.8, 118.3. HRMS(ESI): 计算值C27H18Br2N [M + H]+ 515.9780, 实测值:515.9777。
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Claims (5)
2.根据权利要求1所述的6-烯基菲啶衍生物的合成方法,其特征在于采用如下制备步骤:(1)在洁净的耐压瓶中加入2-联苯胺类化合物、二芳基环丙烯酮类化合物、催化剂、银盐、酸添加剂和溶剂,于100℃油浴锅里加热搅拌48 h;(2)反应完成后,经减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中溶剂为二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯、氯苯中的一种或一种以上。
4.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中2-联苯胺类化合物:二芳基环丙烯酮类化合物:催化剂:酸添加剂:银盐的摩尔比为 1:(2.0~3.0):(0.02~0.05):(0.2~1.0):(0.2~0.5)。
5.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中2-联苯胺类化合物的反应浓度为0.05~0.2 mol/L。
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