CN111662259A - 一种含芘的有机化合物及其在有机电致发光器件上的应用 - Google Patents
一种含芘的有机化合物及其在有机电致发光器件上的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111662259A CN111662259A CN201910179489.6A CN201910179489A CN111662259A CN 111662259 A CN111662259 A CN 111662259A CN 201910179489 A CN201910179489 A CN 201910179489A CN 111662259 A CN111662259 A CN 111662259A
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- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
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- C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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- C07D491/147—Ortho-condensed systems the condensed system containing one ring with oxygen as ring hetero atom and two rings with nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体技术领域,尤其涉及一种含芘的有机化合物及其在有机电致发光器件上的应用。
背景技术
当前,OLED显示技术已经在智能手机,平板电脑等领域获得应用,进一步还将向电视等大尺寸应用领域扩展,但是,和实际的产品应用要求相比,OLED器件的发光效率,使用寿命等性能还需要进一步提升。对于OLED发光器件提高性能的研究包括:降低器件的驱动电压,提高器件的发光效率,提高器件的使用寿命等。为了实现OLED器件的性能的不断提升,不但需要从OLED器件结构和制作工艺的创新,更需要OLED光电功能材料不断研究和创新,创制出更高性能OLED的功能材料。
应用于OLED器件的OLED光电功能材料从用途上可划分为两大类,即电荷注入传输材料和发光材料,进一步,还可将电荷注入传输材料分为电子注入传输材料、电子阻挡材料、空穴注入传输材料和空穴阻挡材料,还可以将发光材料分为主体发光材料和掺杂材料。
为了制作高性能的OLED发光器件,要求各种有机功能材料具备良好的光电特性,譬如,作为电荷传输材料,要求具有良好的载流子迁移率,高玻璃化转化温度等,作为发光层的主体材料要求材料具有良好双极性,适当的HOMO/LUMO能阶等。
构成OLED器件的OLED光电功能材料膜层至少包括两层以上结构,产业上应用的OLED器件结构,则包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层等多种膜层,也就是说应用于OLED器件的光电功能材料至少包含空穴注入材料,空穴传输材料,发光材料,电子传输材料等,材料类型和搭配形式具有丰富性和多样性的特点。另外,对于不同结构的OLED器件搭配而言,所使用的光电功能材料具有较强的选择性,相同的材料在不同结构器件中的性能表现,也可能完全迥异。
因此,针对当前OLED器件的产业应用要求,以及OLED器件的不同功能膜层,器件的光电特性需求,必须选择更适合,具有高性能的OLED功能材料或材料组合,才能实现器件的高效率、长寿命和低电压的综合特性。就当前OLED显示照明产业的实际需求而言,目前OLED材料的发展还远远不够,落后于面板制造企业的要求,作为材料企业开发更高性能的有机功能材料显得尤为重要。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明提供了一种含芘的有机化合物及其在有机电致发光器件上的应用。本发明提供的有机化合物具有良好的热稳定性和较高的玻璃化温度,同时具有合适的HOMO能级,采用本发明提供的有机化合物的器件通过结构优化,可有效提升OLED器件的光电性能以及OLED器件的寿命。
具体技术方案如下:一种含芘的有机化合物,该化合物的结构如通式(1)所示:
通式(1)中,所述L1、L2分别独立地表示为取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚二联苯基、取代或未取代的亚三联苯基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代亚咔唑基、取代或未取代的亚氮杂咔唑基、取代或未取代的亚芴基、取代或未取代的亚萘并咔唑基、取代或未取代的亚吡啶基、取代或未取代的亚萘啶基,L、L1还可以分别独立地表示为单键;
所述m表示为0、1或2;
所述Z分别独立的表示为氮原子或C-R1,所述Z每次出现相同或不同;
所述Ar1表示为取代或未取代的C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5至30元杂芳基;
所述Ar2表示为通式(2)或通式(3)所示结构;
通式(2)和通式(3)中,所述Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4分别独立的表示氮原子、碳原子或C-R2,且Z3与Z4可连接成环,连接位点处Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4表示为碳原子,所述Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4每次出现相同或不同;
所述X表示为单键、-O-、-S-、-C(R3)(R4)-、-N(R5)-或-Si(R6)(R7)-;
所述R1、R2分别独立的表示为氢原子、氘原子、氰基、卤素、C1-20的烷基、C2-20的烯烃基、取代或未取代的C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5至30元杂芳基;
所述R3~R7分别独立的表示为C1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5至30元杂芳基中的一种;R3与R4、R6与R7可相互连接成环;
所述可取代基团的取代基任选自氘原子、氰基、卤素原子、C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子5至30元杂芳基中的一种或多种;
所述杂原子任选自氧原子、硫原子或氮原子中的一种或多种。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述Ar1表示为取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的二联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的吡啶基、取代或未取代萘啶基、取代或未取代的芘基、取代或未取代蒽基、取代或未取代的菲基、取代或未取代的氮杂芘基、取代或未取代的苯并菲基、取代或未取代的氮杂苯并菲基、通式(4)或通式(5)所示结构;
通式(4)和通式(5)中,所述X1、X2、X3分别独立的表示为-O-、-S-、-C(R8)(R9)-、-N(R10)-或-Si(R11)(R12)-;X2、X3还可以表示为单键;
所述Y表示氮原子或C-R13,其中,连接位点处的Y表示为碳原子,所述Y每次出现相同或者不同;
所述R8~R12分别独立的表示为C1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5至30元杂芳基中的一种;R8与R9、R11与R12可相互连接成环;
所述R13表示为氢原子、氘原子、氰基、卤素、C1-20的烷基、C2-20的烯烃基、经取代或未取代的C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5至30元杂芳基;
所述可取代基团的取代基任选自氘原子、氰基、卤素原子、C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子5至30元杂芳基中的一种或多种;
所述杂原子任选自氧原子、硫原子或氮原子中的一种或多种。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述有机化合物可表示为通式(6)或通式(7)所示结构;
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述有机化合物可表示为通式(8)、通式(9)、通式(10)或通式(11)所示结构;
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述有机化合物可表示为通式(12)、通式(13)、通式(14)、通式(15)、通式(16)或通式(17)所示结构;
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述有机化合物可表示为通式(18)、通式(19)、通式(20)、通式(21)、通式(22)、通式(23)、通式(24)、通式(25)、通式(26)、通式(27)、通式(28)或通式(29)所示结构;
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述R1、R2、R13分别独立地表示为氢原子、氘原子、氟原子、氰基、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的二联苯基、取代或未取代的吡啶基、取代或未取代的呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的芴基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的萘啶基中的一种;
所述R3~R7、R8~R12分别独立的表示为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、萘啶基或吡啶基中的一种;
所述可取代基团的取代基任选自氘原子、氟原子、氰基、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、苯基、萘基、二联苯基、萘啶基或吡啶基中的一种或多种。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述化合物具体结构为:
本发明的第二个方面是提供一种上述的有机化合物的制备方法,具有这样的特征,
通式(1)所示化合物的制备反应方程式如下所示:
上述反应式的具体制备方法为:称取反应物A和中间体B,用甲苯溶解;再加入Pd2(dba)3、P(t-Bu)3、叔丁醇钠;在惰性气氛下,将上述反应物的混合溶液于95-110℃下反应10-24小时,冷却并过滤反应溶液,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得产物D;反应物A与中间体B的摩尔比为1:(1.2-3.0),Pd2(dba)3与反应物A的摩尔比为(0.006-0.02):1,P(t-Bu)3与反应物A的摩尔比为(0.006-0.02):1,叔丁醇钠与反应物A的摩尔比为(1.0-3.0):1;
其中,中间体B的制备方法为:
上述反应的具体制备方法为:称取原料I和原料II用甲苯溶解,再加入Pd2(dba)3、P(t-Bu)3和叔丁醇钠;在惰性气氛下,将上述反应物的混合溶液于反应温度90-110℃下反应10-24小时,冷却、过滤反应溶液,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到中间体B;原料I与原料II的摩尔比为1:(1.0-1.5);Pd2(dba)3与原料I的摩尔比为(0.006-0.02):1,叔丁醇钠与原料I的摩尔比为(2.0-3.0):1;P(t-Bu)3与原料I的摩尔比为(2.0-3.0):1;
本发明中上述反应主要利用的是胺基化合物与卤素原子之间的取代反应,其各物质的用量均为一次取代反应时的用量,当存在多次取代反应时按一次取代反应改变胺基化合物结构并多次重复一次取代反应即可。
本发明的第三个方面是提供上述含芘的有机化合物在制备有机电致发光器件中的应用。
本发明的第四个方面是提供一种有机电致发光器件,具有这样的特征,上述有机电致发光器件包括至少一层功能层,上述功能层含有上述含芘的有机化合物。
本发明的第五个方面是提供一种有机电致发光器件,包括空穴传输层或电子阻挡层,具有这样的特征,上述空穴传输层或电子阻挡层含有上述含芘的有机化合物。
本发明的第六个方面是提供一种有机电致发光器件,包括发光层,具有这样的特征,上述发光层含有上述含芘的有机化合物。
本发明的第七个方面是提供一种照明或显示元件,具有这样的特征,包括上述的有机电致发光器件。
上述方案的有益效果是:
本发明提供的化合物中π共轭效应使得其有很强的空穴传输能力,高的空穴传输速率能够降低器件的起始电压,提高有机电致发光器件的效率;且其中不对称的三芳胺结构能够降低分子的结晶性,降低分子的平面性,阻止分子在平面上移动,从而提高分子的热稳定性;同时,本发明提供的化合物的结构使得电子和空穴在发光层的分布更加平衡,在恰当的HOMO能级下,提升了空穴注入和传输性能;在合适的LUMO能级下,又起到了电子阻挡的作用,提升激子在发光层中的复合效率;作为OLED发光器件的发光功能层材料使用时,含芘的母核结构搭配本发明范围内的支链可有效提高激子利用率和高荧光辐射效率,降低高电流密度下的效率滚降,降低器件电压,提高器件的电流效率和寿命。
而本发明化合物母核在被烷基取代后,使得分子间的距离变大,分子间相互作用力减弱,所以具有了较低的蒸镀温度,从而使得材料的工业加工窗口变宽。
本发明的化合物在OLED器件应用时,通过器件结构优化,可保持高的膜层稳定性,可有效提升OLED器件的光电性能以及OLED器件的寿命。本发明化合物在OLED发光器件中具有良好的应用效果和产业化前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明所列举的材料应用于OLED器件的结构示意图;
附图中:1为透明基板层,2为ITO阳极层,3为空穴注入层,4为空穴传输,5为电子阻挡层,6为发光层,7为电子传输或空穴阻挡层,8为电子注入层,9为阴极反射电极层,10为CPL层。
图2为本发明制备的器件和对比器件在不同温度下测量的效率曲线图;
图3为本发明化合物146的UV吸收光谱;
图4为本发明化合物545的UV吸收光谱。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
中间体B1的合成:
在250ml的三口瓶中,通氮气保护下,加入0.01mol原料1-1,0.012mol原料II-1,150ml甲苯搅拌混合,然后加入5×10-5molPd2(dba)3,5×10-5mol P(t-Bu)3,0.03mol叔丁醇钠,加热至105℃,回流反应24小时,取样点板,显示无溴代物剩余,反应完全;自然冷却至室温,过滤,滤液旋蒸至无馏分,过中性硅胶柱,得到目标产物中间体B1;HPLC纯度99.37%,收率73.4%;元素分析结构(分子式C24H19N):理论值C,89.68;H,5.96;N,4.36;测试值:C,89.65;H,5.99;N,4.37。ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值为321.42,实测值为321.58。
制备实施例中所需的中间体B合成原料如表1:
表1
实施例1:化合物12的合成:
在250ml的三口瓶中,通氮气保护下,加入0.01mol原料A-1,0.012mol中间体B-1,150ml甲苯搅拌混合,然后加入5×10-5molPd2(dba)3,5×10-5mol P(t-Bu)3,0.03mol叔丁醇钠,加热至105℃,回流反应24小时,取样点板,显示无溴代物剩余,反应完全;自然冷却至室温,过滤,滤液旋蒸至无馏分,过中性硅胶柱,得到目标产物,HPLC纯度99.92%,收率79.3%。元素分析结构(分子式C52H33NO):理论值:C,90.80;H,4.84;N,2.04;O,2.33;测试值C,90.81;H,4.85;N,2.04;O,2.34。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为687.26,实测分子量687.55。
实施例2:化合物72的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用中间体B-2代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C58H37NO):理论值:C,91.19;H,4.88;N,1.83;O,2.09;测试值:C,91.20;H,4.21;N,1.82;O,2.07。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为763.29,实测分子量763.62。
实施例3:化合物111的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用中间体B-3代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C58H37NO):理论值:C,91.19;H,4.88;N,1.83;O,2.09;测试值:C,91.22;H,4.20;N,1.82;O,2.06。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为763.29,实测分子量763.67。
实施例4:化合物146的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用中间体B-4代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C58H38N2):理论值:C,91.31;H,5.02;N,3.67;测试值:C,91.33;H,5.03;N,3.64。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为762.30,实测分子量762.64。
实施例5:化合物178的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用中间体B-5代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C53H37N):理论值:C,92.54;H,5.42;N,2.04;测试值:C,92.55;H,5.43;N,2.04。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为687.29,实测分子量687.55。
实施例6:化合物227的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用中间体B-6代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C53H37N):理论值:C,92.54;H,5.42;N,2.04;测试值:C,92.53;H,5.41;N,2.06。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为687.29,实测分子量687.59。
实施例7:化合物272的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用中间体B-7代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C59H39N):理论值:C,93.00;H,5.16;N,1.84;测试值:C,93.02;H,5.17;N,1.81。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为761.31,实测分子量761.63。
实施例8:化合物326的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用中间体B-8代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C63H39N):理论值:C,93.42;H,4.85;N,1.73;测试值:C,93.43;H,4.84;N,1.73。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为809.31,实测分子量809.73。
实施例9:化合物371的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用中间体B-9代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C58H36N2):理论值:C,91.55;H,4.77;N,3.68;测试值:C,91.54;H,4.79;N,3.67。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为760.29,实测分子量760.66。
实施例10:化合物471的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用中间体B-10代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C64H40N2O):理论值:C,90.11;H,4.73;N,3.28;O,1.88;测试值:C,90.13;H,4.75;N,3.26;O,1.86。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为852.31,实测分子量852.52。
实施例11:化合物499的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用中间体B-11代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C76H62N2):理论值:C,90.98;H,6.23;N,2.79;测试值:C,90.96;H,6.26;N,2.78。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为1002.49,实测分子量1002.85。
实施例12:化合物545的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用原料A-2代替原料A-1,用中间体B-12代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C60H43NO):理论值:C,90.76;H,5.46;N,1.76;O,2.01;测试值:C,90.75;H,5.45;N,1.77;O,2.03。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为793.33,实测分子量793.74。
实施例13:化合物592的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用原料A-3代替原料A-1,用中间体B-13代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C53H34F3N):理论值:C,85.81;H,4.62;F,7.68;N,1.89;测试值:C,85.82;H,4.63;F,7.67;N,1.88。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为741.26,实测分子量741.68。
实施例14:化合物653的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用原料A-2代替原料A-1,用中间体B-14代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C63H45N):理论值:C,92.73;H,5.56;N,1.72;测试值:C,92.74;H,5.54;N,1.72。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为815.36,实测分子量815.66。
实施例15:化合物715的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用原料A-4代替原料A-1,用中间体B-15代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C55H39N):理论值:C,92.53;H,5.51;N,1.96;测试值:C,92.52;H,5.53;N,1.95。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为713.31,实测分子量713.75。
实施例16:化合物754的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用原料A-5代替原料A-1,用中间体B-16代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C46H27D2NS):理论值:C,87.72;H,4.96;N,2.22;S,5.09;测试值:C,87.74;H,4.95;N,2.21;S,5.10。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为629.21,实测分子量629.66。
实施例17:化合物839的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用原料A-6代替原料A-1,用中间体B-17代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C51H32N2O):理论值:C,88.93;H,4.68;N,4.07;O,2.32;测试值:C,88.94;H,4.67;N,4.06;O,2.33。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为688.25,实测分子量688.54。
实施例18:化合物917的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用原料A-6代替原料A-1,用中间体B-18代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C47H33N):理论值:C,92.27;H,5.44;N,2.29;测试值:C,92.26;H,5.43;N,2.31。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为611.26,实测分子量611.61。
实施例19:化合物993的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用原料A-6代替原料A-1,用中间体B-19代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C53H35N):理论值:C,92.81;H,5.14;N,2.04;测试值:C,92.82;H,5.15;N,2.03。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为685.28,实测分子量685.65。
实施例20:化合物1067的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用原料A-6代替原料A-1,用中间体B-20代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C59H37N):理论值:C,93.25;H,4.91;N,1.84;测试值:C,93.23;H,4.94;N,1.83。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为759.29,实测分子量759.65。
实施例21:化合物1156的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用原料A-6代替原料A-1,用中间体B-21代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C61H49N):理论值:C,92.04;H,6.20;N,1.76;测试值:C,92.03;H,6.21;N,1.76。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为795.39,实测分子量795.78。
实施例22:化合物1213的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用原料A-6代替原料A-1,用中间体B-22代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C61H37N):理论值:C,93.46;H,4.76;N,1.79;测试值:C,93.45;H,4.77;N,1.78。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为783.29,实测分子量783.66。
实施例23:化合物1276的合成:
按实施例1中化合物12的合成方法制备,不同点在于用原料A-6代替原料A-1,用中间体B-23代替中间体B-1;元素分析结构(分子式C51H38N2O):理论值:C,88.15;H,5.51;N,4.03;O,2.30;测试值:C,88.13;H,5.52;N,4.03;O,2.32。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为694.30,实测分子量694.73。
本发明化合物在发光器件中使用,可以作为空穴传输材料,也可以作为电子阻挡材料使用。对本发明上述实施例制备的化合物分别进行热性能、Eg、HOMO能级和空穴迁移率的测试,检测结果如表2所示:
表2
注:玻璃化温度Tg由示差扫描量热法(DSC,德国耐驰公司DSC204F1示差扫描量热仪)测定,升温速率10℃/min;热失重温度Td是在氮气气氛中失重1%的温度,在日本岛津公司的TGA-50H热重分析仪上进行测定,氮气流量为20mL/min;最高占据分子轨道HOMO能级及最低占据分子轨道LUMO能级是由光电子发射谱仪(AC-2型PESA)测试,测试为大气环境。空穴迁移率:将材料制作成单电荷器件,用SCLC方法测定。使用为Gaussian16、使用6-31G(d)基组,B3lyp泛函、TD-FDT算法优化几何结构,进行HOMO、LUMO能级计算,Eg=|HOMO-LUMO|;Eg实测通过紫外光谱进行测试。
由上表数据可知,本发明的有机化合物具有高的玻璃转化温度,可提高材料膜相态稳定性,进一步提高器件使用寿命;合适的HOMO能级可以解决载流子的注入问题,可降低器件电压及提升器件效率;较高的带隙宽度(Eg),保证材料在可见光领域范围内没有吸收。因此,本发明以芘为核心的化合物在应用于OLED器件的不同功能层后,可有效提高器件的效率及使用寿命、降低器件的驱动电压。
以下通过器件实施例1-63和比较例1详细说明本发明合成的OLED材料在器件中的应用效果。本发明器件实施例2-63和比较例1与器件实施例1相比器件的制作工艺完全相同,并且所采用了相同的基板材料和电极材料,电极材料的膜厚也保持一致,所不同的是对器件中的空穴传输层或电子阻挡层材料做了更换。各实施例所得器件的结构组成如表3所示,各实施例所得器件的性能测试结果如表4所示。
器件实施例1
透明基板层1/ITO阳极层2/空穴注入层3(HAT-CN,厚度10nm)/空穴传输层4(HT-1,厚度60nm)/电子阻挡层5(化合物12,厚度20nm)/发光层6(GH1、GH2和GD-1按照45:45:10的重量比混掺,厚度40nm)/空穴阻挡/电子传输层7(ET-1和Liq,按照1:1的重量比混掺,厚度40nm)/电子注入层8(LiF,厚度1nm)/阴极层9(Mg和Ag,按照9:1的重量比混掺,厚度15nm)/CPL层10(化合物CP-1,厚度70nm)。
具体制备过程如下:
如图1所示,透明基板层1为透明PI膜,对ITO阳极层2(膜厚为150nm)进行洗涤,即依次进行碱洗涤、纯水洗涤、干燥,再进行紫外线-臭氧洗涤以清除透明ITO表面的有机残留物。在进行了上述洗涤之后的ITO阳极层2上,利用真空蒸镀装置,蒸镀膜厚为10nm的HAT-CN作为空穴注入层3使用。接着蒸镀60nm厚度的HT-1作为空穴传输层4。随后蒸镀20nm厚度的化合物12作为电子阻挡层5。上述电子阻挡材料蒸镀结束后,制作OLED发光器件的发光层6,其结构包括OLED发光层6所使用GH-1、GH-2作为主体材料,GD-1作为掺杂材料,掺杂材料掺杂比例为10%重量比,发光层膜厚为40nm。在上述发光层6之后,继续真空蒸镀电子传输层材料为ET-1和Liq。该材料的真空蒸镀膜厚为40nm,此层为空穴阻挡/电子传输层7。在空穴阻挡/电子传输层7上,通过真空蒸镀装置,制作膜厚为1nm的氟化锂(LiF)层,此层为电子注入层8。在电子注入层8上,通过真空蒸镀装置,制作膜厚为15nm的Mg:Ag电极层,此层为阴极层9使用。在阴极层9上,真空蒸镀70nm的CP-1,作为CPL层10。如上所述地完成OLED发光器件后,用公知的驱动电路将阳极和阴极连接起来,测量器件的电流效率以及器件的寿命,结果如表4所示。
表3
所得电致发光器件的检测数据见表4所示。
表4
注:LT97指的是在电流密度为10m/cm2情况下,器件亮度衰减到97%所用时间;
寿命测试系统为韩国脉冲科学M600型OLED器件寿命测试仪。
由表4的结果可以看出,本发明制备的含芘的化合物可应用于OLED发光器件制作,并且与器件比较例相比,无论是效率还是寿命均比已知OLED材料获得较大改观,特别是器件的寿命衰减获得较大的提升。
进一步的本发明材料制备的OLED器件在低温下工作时效率也比较稳定,将器件实施例18、22、32、38、48、61和器件比较例1在-10~80℃区间进行效率测试,所得结果如表5和图2所示。
表5
从表5和图2的数据可知,器件实施例18、22、32、38、48、61为本发明材料和已知材料搭配的器件结构,和器件比较例1相比,不仅低温效率高,而且在温度升高过程中,效率平稳升高。
Claims (10)
1.一种含芘的有机化合物,其特征在于,该化合物的结构如通式(1)所示:
通式(1)中,所述L1、L2分别独立地表示为取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚二联苯基、取代或未取代的亚三联苯基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代亚咔唑基、取代或未取代的亚氮杂咔唑基、取代或未取代的亚芴基、取代或未取代的亚萘并咔唑基、取代或未取代的亚吡啶基、取代或未取代的亚萘啶基,L1、L2还可以分别独立地表示为单键;
所述m表示为0、1或2;
所述Z分别独立的表示为氮原子或C-R1,所述Z每次出现相同或不同;
所述Ar1表示为取代或未取代的C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5至30元杂芳基;
所述Ar2表示为通式(2)或通式(3)所示结构;
通式(2)和通式(3)中,所述Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4分别独立的表示氮原子、碳原子或C-R2,且Z3与Z4可连接成环,所述Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4每次出现相同或不同;
所述X表示为单键、-O-、-S-、-C(R3)(R4)-、-N(R5)-或-Si(R6)(R7)-;
所述R1、R2分别独立的表示为氢原子、氘原子、氰基、卤素、C1-20的烷基、C2-20的烯烃基、取代或未取代的C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5至30元杂芳基;
所述R3~R7分别独立的表示为C1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5至30元杂芳基中的一种;R3与R4、R6与R7可相互连接成环;
所述可取代基团的取代基任选自氘原子、氰基、卤素原子、C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子5至30元杂芳基中的一种或多种;
所述杂原子任选自氧原子、硫原子或氮原子中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述Ar1表示为取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的二联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的吡啶基、取代或未取代萘啶基、取代或未取代的芘基、取代或未取代蒽基、取代或未取代的菲基、取代或未取代的氮杂芘基、取代或未取代的苯并菲基、取代或未取代的氮杂苯并菲基、通式(4)或通式(5)所示结构;
通式(4)和通式(5)中,所述X1、X2、X3分别独立的表示为-O-、-S-、-C(R8)(R9)-、-N(R10)-或-Si(R11)(R12)-;X2、X3还可以表示为单键;
所述Y表示氮原子或C-R13,其中,连接位点处的Y表示为碳原子,所述Y每次出现相同或者不同;
所述R8~R12分别独立的表示为C1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5至30元杂芳基中的一种;R8与R9、R11与R12可相互连接成环;
所述R13表示为氢原子、氘原子、氰基、卤素、C1-20的烷基、C2-20的烯烃基、经取代或未取代的C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5至30元杂芳基;
所述可取代基团的取代基任选自氘原子、氰基、卤素原子、C6-30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子5至30元杂芳基中的一种或多种;
所述杂原子任选自氧原子、硫原子或氮原子中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求2所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述R1、R2、R13分别独立地表示为氢原子、氘原子、氟原子、氰基、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的二联苯基、取代或未取代的吡啶基、取代或未取代的呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的芴基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的萘啶基中的一种;
所述R3~R7、R8~R12分别独立的表示为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、萘啶基或吡啶基中的一种;
所述可取代基团的取代基任选自氘原子、氟原子、氰基、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、苯基、萘基、二联苯基、萘啶基或吡啶基中的一种或多种。
9.一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述有机电致发光器件至少一层功能层含有权利要求1-8任一项所述含芘的有机化合物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的有机电致发光器件,包括空穴传输层或电子阻挡层,其特征在于,所述空穴传输层或电子阻挡层含有权利要求1-8任一项所述的含芘的有机化合物。
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