CN111545874B - Deformation control method in aluminum alloy hull section manufacturing - Google Patents
Deformation control method in aluminum alloy hull section manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN111545874B CN111545874B CN202010238364.9A CN202010238364A CN111545874B CN 111545874 B CN111545874 B CN 111545874B CN 202010238364 A CN202010238364 A CN 202010238364A CN 111545874 B CN111545874 B CN 111545874B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/003—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to controlling of welding distortion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/0026—Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a deformation control method in manufacturing of an aluminum alloy hull section, which is characterized in that in three specific steps of assembling, welding and hoisting of the hull section, through reasonably arranging the assembling sequence, an aggregate is fixed on an aluminum alloy plate by spot welding, and a gap with a certain width is reserved between the aluminum alloy plates instead of welding, so that shrinkage allowance is reserved in the subsequent welding step, and the generation of deformation can be effectively avoided; meanwhile, 1-2 pieces of aggregates are reserved in the assembly of the aggregates, and the assembly and the welding are carried out after the welding step is finished, so that the deformation of the aluminum alloy plate in the welding process can be effectively inhibited; in addition, the welding sequence in the welding step is reasonably arranged, the transverse and longitudinal span distribution of the ship body segments is fully utilized through the longitudinal and transverse welding sequence and the ship body segment skip welding method, the deformation is effectively avoided, a large number of correction operations are avoided, the engineering efficiency is effectively improved, and the construction period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ship component installation and welding processes, in particular to a deformation control method in aluminum alloy hull section manufacturing.
Background
The aluminum alloy sheet is widely applied to the cruise ship, and can also be applied to the piloting upstairs of some ships due to the light weight of the aluminum alloy sheet, particularly to the large-area hull section construction of a newly-made cruise ship superstructure. Aluminum alloy sheets of 3-6mm are increasingly widely used in living areas and driving cabs of ships, and particularly, passenger ships of passenger ships use aluminum alloy plates as main structures of superstructures in large quantities.
Since the thin plate has a small thickness, it is easily deformed during welding, mainly by wave deformation and twisting deformation, so that the deformation of the thin plate is very difficult to correct. For aluminum alloy sheets, because the aluminum sheets have a large coefficient of expansion, deformation is more likely to occur during welding. The method comprises the following steps of firstly locally heating a deformed plate by using flame, and then cooling by using water to generate stress in a cold contraction process so as to achieve the purpose of correcting deformation.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy hull assembling and welding process which is reasonable in process arrangement and can effectively control the deformation of an aluminum alloy sheet.
A deformation control method in the manufacture of an aluminum alloy hull section comprises a plurality of aggregates and an aluminum alloy plate fixed on the aggregates, wherein the aggregates comprise transverse aggregates extending along the transverse direction of the hull section and longitudinal aggregates extending along the longitudinal direction of the hull section; the deformation control method specifically comprises deformation control in an assembling process, deformation control in a welding process and deformation control in a hoisting process;
the deformation control in the assembling process is that the longitudinal aggregates are fixed on the aluminum alloy plate by spot welding, then the transverse aggregates are fixed on the aluminum alloy plate by spot welding, and 1-2 aggregates are reserved for fixing and welding after the welding step is finished; the adjacent aluminum alloy plates are not fixed by spot welding, and a gap is reserved between the adjacent aluminum alloy plates; the aluminum alloy plate positioned at the edge of the ship body segment is additionally provided with angle steel for structural reinforcement, and the angle steel extends along the longitudinal direction of the ship body segment;
the deformation control in the welding process is to weld the ship body in sections by adopting an MIG (metal inert gas) sectional skip welding method, the welding and fixing of the aggregates and the aluminum alloy plates are firstly carried out during welding, and after the welding is finished and the aluminum alloy plates are naturally cooled to room temperature, the welding and fixing of the aluminum alloy plates are carried out; when a plurality of bone materials are welded, the welding is carried out one by one according to the sequence, and a second bone material is welded in sequence after one bone material is welded and is freely cooled and contracted; when a plurality of transverse aggregates and longitudinal aggregates are distributed simultaneously, welding the longitudinal aggregates firstly and then welding the transverse aggregates; before welding the aluminum alloy plates, processing a butt joint groove on the butt joint edges of the adjacent aluminum alloy plates and then welding the butt joint grooves; when a plurality of butt joint grooves are welded, the welding is carried out in sequence one by one, and a second butt joint groove is welded in sequence after one butt joint groove is welded and is freely cooled and shrunk; when a plurality of transverse butt joint grooves extending in the transverse direction of the hull section and a plurality of longitudinal butt joint grooves extending in the longitudinal direction of the hull section are simultaneously distributed, the transverse butt joint grooves are welded in sequence, and then the longitudinal butt joint grooves are welded in sequence; in the welding of a plurality of equidirectional aggregates or equidirectional butt joint grooves, the welding sequence from two sides to the middle is adopted;
and the deformation control in the hoisting process is to fix a strip-shaped material on the aggregate by using a fixed stacking plate and fix the strip-shaped material on a hoisting tool to hoist the ship body segment.
Further, the deformation control in the assembling process further comprises the step of performing the assembling process on a flat surface so as to avoid deformation of the aluminum alloy plate caused by surface unevenness.
Further, the width of a gap reserved between adjacent aluminum alloy plates in deformation control in the assembling process is 4-5mm, and shrinkage allowance can be effectively reserved for subsequent welding between the aluminum alloy plates.
Further, the bar-shaped material used in the deformation control in the hoisting process is an iron channel steel or an L-shaped material selected according to the size of the ship body segment, the iron channel steel or the L-shaped material is flatly placed on the transverse aggregate or the longitudinal aggregate of the ship body segment, the iron channel steel is welded and fixed on the transverse aggregate or the longitudinal aggregate through a fixing plate, and a steel wire rope penetrates into the iron channel steel or the L-shaped material and is hoisted by using a hoisting tool. The arrangement of the iron channel steel or the L-shaped section can effectively avoid the phenomenon that the welded ship body is deformed by waves or bent and concave due to the fact that the area of the ship body is large and the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is small.
Furthermore, the number of the fixed code plates is at least 5, so that the safety in the lifting process can be ensured.
According to the deformation control method in the manufacturing of the aluminum alloy hull section, provided by the embodiment of the invention, in the three specific steps of assembling, welding and hoisting of the hull section, the assembling sequence is reasonably arranged, the aggregate is fixed on the aluminum alloy plates through spot welding, gaps with certain width are reserved between the aluminum alloy plates instead of welding, so that shrinkage allowance is reserved in the subsequent welding step, and the generation of deformation can be effectively avoided; meanwhile, 1-2 pieces of aggregates are reserved in the assembly of the aggregates, and the assembly and the welding are carried out after the welding step is finished, so that the deformation of the aluminum alloy plate in the welding process can be effectively inhibited; in addition, the welding sequence in the welding step is reasonably arranged, the transverse and longitudinal span distribution of the ship body segments is fully utilized by the longitudinal and transverse welding sequence and the MIG segmented skip welding method, sufficient time is reserved for the expansion and contraction of the aluminum alloy, and in the welding of a plurality of homodromous aggregates or homodromous butt joint grooves, the local welding seam deformation can be properly reduced or mutually offset by adopting the welding sequence from two sides to the middle part, so that the aim of reducing the overall deformation is fulfilled, a large number of correction operations are avoided, the engineering efficiency is effectively improved, and the construction period is shortened.
For a better understanding and practice, the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a segmented structure of an aluminum alloy hull according to embodiment 1 of the invention.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
In the manufacture of the aluminum alloy superstructure of the hull of the conventional ship, the hull is generally divided into hull sections for manufacture, and the manufacture of the hull sections comprises the process steps of assembling, welding and hoisting. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic view of an aluminum alloy hull section structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, as shown in the figure, the hull section includes a plurality of ribs 10 and an aluminum alloy plate 20 fixed on the ribs 10, the ribs 10 include transverse ribs 12 extending in a transverse direction of the hull section and longitudinal ribs 14 extending in a longitudinal direction of the hull section, in this embodiment, the transverse ribs 12 are rib ribs, and the longitudinal ribs 14 are T-shaped members.
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a deformation control method in the manufacturing of an aluminum alloy hull section, which performs deformation control through three steps of the manufacturing of the hull section, and specifically comprises deformation control in an assembling process, deformation control in a welding process and deformation control in a hoisting process.
Specifically, in the deformation control in the assembling process, the assembling process is performed on a flat surface to avoid deformation of the aluminum alloy plate 20 caused by surface unevenness; during assembly, the longitudinal aggregates 14 are fixed on the aluminum alloy plate 20 in a spot welding mode, the transverse aggregates 12 are fixed on the aluminum alloy plate 20 in a spot welding mode, 1-2 aggregates are reserved, and fixing and welding are carried out after the welding step is completed, so that the aluminum alloy plate 20 is restrained, and deformation can be effectively avoided; the adjacent aluminum alloy plates 20 are not fixed by spot welding, and a gap is reserved between the adjacent aluminum alloy plates 20, further preferably, the width of the gap is 4-5mm, so that shrinkage allowance can be effectively reserved for welding between the subsequent aluminum alloy plates 20; the aluminum alloy plate 20 at the edge of the hull section is additionally provided with angle steel (not shown) for structural reinforcement, the angle steel extends along the longitudinal direction of the hull section, and the edge of the aluminum alloy plate 20 is effectively prevented from bending deformation.
The deformation control in the welding process is that the welding fixation of the aggregate and the aluminum alloy plate 20 is firstly carried out, after the welding is finished and the aluminum alloy plate is naturally cooled to the room temperature, the welding fixation between the aluminum alloy plates 20 is carried out, and the welding seam after the welding filling is shown as S in the figure; when a plurality of bone materials 10 are welded, the welding is carried out one by one according to the sequence, and after one bone material is welded and freely cooled and contracted, a second bone material is welded in sequence; when a plurality of transverse aggregates 12 and longitudinal aggregates 14 are distributed at the same time, the longitudinal aggregates 14 are welded first, and then the transverse aggregates 12 are welded. Before welding between the aluminum alloy plates 20, a butt joint groove is processed on the butt joint edge of the adjacent aluminum alloy plates 20, and then the butt joint groove is welded, the form of the welding groove has certain influence on the deformation of the aluminum alloy plates 20. When a plurality of butt joint grooves are welded, the welding is carried out in sequence one by one, and a second butt joint groove is welded in sequence after one butt joint groove is welded and is freely cooled and shrunk; when a plurality of transverse butt joint grooves extending in the transverse direction of the ship body section and a plurality of longitudinal butt joint grooves extending in the longitudinal direction of the ship body section are distributed simultaneously in the ship body section, the transverse butt joint grooves are welded in sequence, and then the longitudinal butt joint grooves are welded in sequence. In the welding process, the part to be welded is fully cooled and shrunk and then is welded in the next step, so that sufficient time can be reserved for the expansion and shrinkage of the aluminum alloy, and the deformation is avoided.
Further, as a preferred embodiment, in the deformation control in the welding process, the welding is performed on the aggregates and the aluminum alloy plate 20 by using a step skip welding method; in the welding of a plurality of equidirectional aggregates or equidirectional butt joint grooves, the welding sequence from two sides to the middle part is adopted, and the method can effectively disperse the heat of the welding seam and avoid or reduce the generation of deformation; in the welding of a plurality of equidirectional aggregates or equidirectional butt joint grooves, the welding sequence from two sides to the middle part is adopted, so that the local welding seam deformation can be properly reduced or mutually offset, and the aim of reducing the overall deformation is fulfilled.
The welding process is to use MIG welding to weld, MIG welding its use melts the electrode, and outer gas is as the arc medium to the protection metal molten drop, weld the molten bath and the high temperature metal of weld zone, and protection effect is good, and welding process is stable, and the deformation is little, does not have the splash.
And the deformation control in the hoisting process is to fix a strip-shaped material on the aggregate by using a fixed stacking plate and fix the strip-shaped material on a hoisting tool to hoist the ship body segment. Specifically, as a preferred embodiment, the used strip-shaped material is an iron channel steel or an L-shaped material selected according to the size of the hull section, the corresponding iron channel steel or the L-shaped material is selected according to the size of the hull section and is horizontally placed on the transverse aggregate 12 or the longitudinal aggregate 14 of the hull section before the hull section is hoisted, the iron channel steel is welded and fixed on the transverse aggregate 12 or the longitudinal aggregate 14 by using a fixing stacking plate, and a steel wire rope penetrates into the iron channel steel or the L-shaped material and is hoisted by using a hoisting tool; in this embodiment, the fixed code plate is an aluminum plate with a wall thickness of 25-40mm, a cutting tool is used to form a strip-shaped groove on the aluminum plate, and the width and depth of the strip-shaped groove are adjusted according to the size of an iron channel steel or an L-shaped section; when the fixing plate is fixed, one side of the fixing plate, provided with the bar groove, faces to the aggregate, the iron channel steel or the L-shaped section bar is arranged in the bar groove, and the fixing plate is welded and fixed on the aggregate. In order to ensure the lifting safety, the number of the fixed yard plates is at least 5, and the specific number of the fixed yard plates can be determined according to the aggregate distribution of the ship body segments. The setting of iron channel-section steel or L section bar and fixed sign indicating number board, the effort warp of effectively hoisting when handling iron channel-section steel or L section bar evenly distributed reach on the aggregate of hull section, can effectively avoid the hull section after the welding to produce wave deformation or curved concave phenomenon because the area is great and aluminium alloy plate 20 thickness is less.
According to the deformation control method in the manufacturing of the aluminum alloy hull section, provided by the embodiment of the invention, in the three specific steps of assembling, welding and hoisting of the hull section, the assembling sequence is reasonably arranged, the aggregate is fixed on the aluminum alloy plates through spot welding, gaps with certain width are reserved between the aluminum alloy plates instead of welding, so that shrinkage allowance is reserved in the subsequent welding step, and the generation of deformation can be effectively avoided; meanwhile, 1-2 pieces of aggregates are reserved in the assembly of the aggregates, and the assembly and the welding are carried out after the welding step is finished, so that the deformation of the aluminum alloy plate in the welding process can be effectively inhibited; in addition, the welding sequence in the welding step is reasonably arranged, the transverse and longitudinal span distribution of the ship body segments is fully utilized by the longitudinal and transverse welding sequence and the MIG segmented skip welding method, sufficient time is reserved for the expansion and contraction of the aluminum alloy, and in the welding of a plurality of homodromous aggregates or homodromous butt joint grooves, the local welding seam deformation can be properly reduced or mutually offset by adopting the welding sequence from two sides to the middle part, so that the aim of reducing the overall deformation is fulfilled, a large number of correction operations are avoided, the engineering efficiency is effectively improved, and the construction period is shortened.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A deformation control method in the manufacturing of aluminum alloy hull sections is characterized in that: the ship body segment comprises a plurality of aggregates and aluminum alloy plates fixed on the aggregates, and the aggregates comprise transverse aggregates extending along the transverse direction of the ship body segment and longitudinal aggregates extending along the longitudinal direction of the ship body segment; the deformation control method specifically comprises deformation control in an assembling process, deformation control in a welding process and deformation control in a hoisting process;
the deformation control in the assembling process is carried out on a flat surface, the longitudinal aggregates are fixed on the aluminum alloy plate in a spot welding mode, the transverse aggregates are fixed on the aluminum alloy plate in a spot welding mode, 1-2 aggregates are reserved, and fixing and welding are carried out after the welding step is finished; the adjacent aluminum alloy plates are not fixed by spot welding, and a gap is reserved between the adjacent aluminum alloy plates, and the width of the gap is 4-5 mm; the aluminum alloy plate positioned at the edge of the ship body segment is additionally provided with angle steel for structural reinforcement, and the angle steel extends along the longitudinal direction of the ship body segment;
the deformation control in the welding process is to weld the ship body in sections by adopting an MIG (metal inert gas) sectional skip welding method, the welding and fixing of the aggregates and the aluminum alloy plates are firstly carried out during welding, and after the welding is finished and the aluminum alloy plates are naturally cooled to room temperature, the welding and fixing of the aluminum alloy plates are carried out; when a plurality of bone materials are welded, the welding is carried out one by one according to the sequence, and a second bone material is welded in sequence after one bone material is welded and is freely cooled and contracted; when a plurality of transverse aggregates and longitudinal aggregates are distributed simultaneously, welding the longitudinal aggregates firstly and then welding the transverse aggregates; before welding the aluminum alloy plates, processing a butt joint groove on the butt joint edges of the adjacent aluminum alloy plates and then welding the butt joint grooves; when a plurality of butt joint grooves are welded, the welding is carried out in sequence one by one, and a second butt joint groove is welded in sequence after one butt joint groove is welded and is freely cooled and shrunk; when a plurality of transverse butt joint grooves extending in the transverse direction of the hull section and a plurality of longitudinal butt joint grooves extending in the longitudinal direction of the hull section are simultaneously distributed, the transverse butt joint grooves are welded in sequence, and then the longitudinal butt joint grooves are welded in sequence; in the welding of a plurality of equidirectional aggregates or equidirectional butt joint grooves, the welding sequence from two sides to the middle is adopted;
deformation control in the handling process is for using fixed sign indicating number board to be fixed in a bar material on the aggregate, used bar material be according to iron channel-section steel or L section bar that hull segmentation's size was chooseed for use, it keep flat in on hull segmentation's horizontal aggregate or vertical aggregate, with fixed sign indicating number board will iron channel-section steel welded fastening in on horizontal aggregate or the vertical aggregate, penetrate wire rope iron channel-section steel or L section bar utilize handling instrument to be fixed in realize on the bar material right hull segmentation's hoist and mount, wherein the figure of fixed sign indicating number board is 5 at least.
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| CN202010238364.9A CN111545874B (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2020-03-30 | Deformation control method in aluminum alloy hull section manufacturing |
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| CN112208724A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-12 | 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 | Deformation-preventing hoisting method for ship open section |
| CN113798800A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-17 | 大连中远海运川崎船舶工程有限公司 | Production process for high-precision straight segmented manufacturing |
| CN115139000B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2024-02-20 | 中国能源建设集团天津电力建设有限公司 | Jumping return type welding method |
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| FI110316B (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 2002-12-31 | Finnyards Oy | Arrangement on the ship's car deck |
| CN101492140B (en) * | 2008-01-21 | 2013-03-20 | 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 | Aluminum alloy catamaran whole-boat afloat process |
| CN101439754B (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2011-05-18 | 中国长江航运集团江东船厂 | Hull section non-allowance healing accuracy control process |
| CN102632344A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-08-15 | 华泰(南通)船务有限公司 | Welding deformation control process for ship superstructure |
| CN107322139A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-11-07 | 广船国际有限公司 | A kind of welding method of thin plate Ship Structure |
| CN110773845B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-07-16 | 广州文冲船厂有限责任公司 | Assembling and welding method for ship superstructure subsection |
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