CN111474721A - Waveguide display device and augmented reality display apparatus - Google Patents
Waveguide display device and augmented reality display apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN111474721A CN111474721A CN202010378188.9A CN202010378188A CN111474721A CN 111474721 A CN111474721 A CN 111474721A CN 202010378188 A CN202010378188 A CN 202010378188A CN 111474721 A CN111474721 A CN 111474721A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a waveguide display device and an augmented reality display apparatus, the waveguide display device including: a waveguide substrate, a geometric optical input element, and a diffractive optical output element; the geometric optical input element is arranged in a light wave input area of the waveguide substrate and is used for coupling input light waves into the waveguide substrate in a geometric optical mode; the waveguide substrate is used for transmitting the light wave coupled into the waveguide substrate through the geometric optical input element to the diffractive optical output element in a total reflection mode; the diffraction optical output element is arranged in the light wave output area of the waveguide substrate and is used for outputting the light waves transmitted to the diffraction optical output element in a diffraction optical mode.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of augmented reality display technologies, and in particular, to a waveguide display device and an augmented reality display apparatus.
Background
With the development of virtual reality and augmented reality technologies, near-eye display devices are rapidly developed, and augmented reality near-eye display is a technology for imaging a light field in a real space and can simultaneously take both virtual and real operations into consideration. The use of conventional optical waveguide components to couple image light into the human eye has been employed, including the use of prisms, mirrors, transflective optical waveguides, holograms and diffraction gratings. The optical waveguide display system realizes light wave transmission by utilizing a total reflection principle, realizes directional transmission of light by combining a diffraction element, and further guides image light to human eyes, so that a user can see a projected image.
Today the main waveguide technologies fall into two broad categories: the geometrical optical waveguide and the diffraction optical waveguide have good imaging quality, are not easy to generate chromatic aberration, but have high manufacturing cost and complex and difficult process; the diffraction optical waveguide is easy to generate chromatic aberration after being diffracted for several times, but the manufacturing cost is low, the process is simple, and the two methods have advantages and disadvantages respectively.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the problems in the related art, the present disclosure provides a waveguide display device and an augmented reality display apparatus.
According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a waveguide display device including: a waveguide substrate, a geometric optical input element, and a diffractive optical output element;
the geometric optical input element is arranged in a light wave input area of the waveguide substrate and is used for coupling input light waves into the waveguide substrate in a geometric optical mode;
the waveguide substrate is used for transmitting the light wave coupled into the waveguide substrate through the geometric optical input element to the diffractive optical output element in a total reflection mode;
the diffractive optical output element is arranged in the light wave output area of the waveguide substrate and is used for outputting the light waves transmitted to the diffractive optical output element in a diffractive optical mode.
In one embodiment, preferably, the geometric optical input element includes a bevel surface coated with a reflective film.
In one embodiment, preferably, the geometrical optical input element comprises a prism.
In one embodiment, preferably, the diffractive optical output element comprises a volume holographic diffraction grating.
In one embodiment, preferably, the volume holographic diffraction grating is implemented by exposing a photosensitive material.
In one embodiment, preferably, when the diffractive optical output element comprises a volume holographic diffraction grating, the geometrical optical input element satisfies the following condition:
α+2β(n1/n2)=π/2
α is an included angle between a light wave coupled into a waveguide substrate and the waveguide, β is an apex angle of the inclined plane or the prism, n1 is a refractive index of the waveguide substrate, and n2 is a refractive index of the volume holographic diffraction grating.
In one embodiment, the angle α between the waveguide and the light wave coupled into the waveguide substrate preferably satisfies the following condition:
α＞arcsin（n0/n1）
where n1 is the refractive index of the waveguide substrate and n0 is the refractive index of air.
In one embodiment, preferably, the diffractive optical output element includes a micro-nano structured grating, and the micro-nano structured grating is formed by curing a photoresist in a nano-imprinting manner.
In one embodiment, preferably, the geometric optical input element and the diffractive optical output element are both disposed on an upper surface of the waveguide substrate.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an augmented reality display apparatus including:
the waveguide display device according to any one of the first to third aspects.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can have the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the invention, the light is coupled into the waveguide substrate by a geometric method, chromatic aberration is not easy to generate, the light reaches the grating region after being totally reflected in the waveguide substrate and is diffracted out, the uniformity of the light before being diffracted is relatively good, so that the problem of chromatic dispersion can be reduced to a great extent, and the process difficulty is greatly reduced by adopting a diffraction optical waveguide in the coupling-out part.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a diffractive optical waveguide.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a geometric optical waveguide.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a waveguide display device according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a process of fabricating a holographic diffraction grating in a waveguide display device according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating reflection angles in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating yet another waveguide display device according to an exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a diffractive optical waveguide. As shown in fig. 1, diffraction gratings are used in both the light wave input area and the light wave output area of the waveguide substrate, when light from the optical engine is irradiated to the first diffraction grating 11 in the light wave input area, another light beam is generated by diffraction, the angle of the light beam satisfies the total reflection condition (θ > arcsin (n 0/n 1), n1 is the refractive index of the waveguide, n0 is the refractive index of air), and the light beam propagates in the waveguide substrate 12 and is diffracted out by the second diffraction grating 13 to reach human eyes after reaching the light wave output area.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a geometrical optical waveguide. As shown in fig. 2, the light wave of the optical machine enters the waveguide substrate 22 through a reflection slope or a prism 21, etc., and a plurality of semi-transparent and semi-reflective films 23 arranged regularly are arranged in the waveguide substrate, and are reflected by the semi-transparent and semi-reflective films 23 and coupled out of the waveguide substrate 22 to reach human eyes.
The imaging quality of the geometric optical waveguide is good, the chromatic aberration is not easy to occur, but the manufacturing cost is high, and the process is complex and difficult; the diffraction optical waveguide is easy to generate chromatic aberration after being diffracted for several times, but the manufacturing cost is low, the process is simple, and therefore, the technical scheme of the application is provided for achieving a perfect imaging effect and reducing the manufacturing cost and the process manufacturing difficulty.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a waveguide display device according to an exemplary embodiment, and as shown in fig. 3, the waveguide display device includes: a waveguide substrate 31, a geometric-optical input element 32, and a diffractive-optical output element 33;
the geometric optical input element 32 is arranged in the light wave input area of the waveguide substrate 31 and is used for coupling input light waves into the waveguide substrate 31 in a geometric optical mode;
the waveguide substrate 31 is configured to transmit the light wave coupled into the waveguide substrate 31 through the geometric optical input element 32 to the diffractive optical output element 33 by means of total reflection;
the diffractive optical output element 33 is disposed in the light wave output region of the waveguide substrate 31, and is configured to output the light wave transmitted to the diffractive optical output element by means of diffractive optics.
In one embodiment, preferably, the geometrical-optics input element 32 and the diffractive-optics output element 33 are both disposed on the upper surface of the waveguide substrate 31.
In one embodiment, the geometric optical input element 32 preferably comprises a prism or a bevel surface coated with a reflective film.
In one embodiment, preferably, the diffractive optical output element comprises a volume holographic diffraction grating. The volume holographic diffraction grating can be realized by exposing photosensitive materials. The manufacturing principle of the holographic grating is as follows: two beams with specific wave surface shape interfere to form interference fringes with different brightness and darkness on the recording plane, and the interference fringes are recorded by holographic recording medium and processed to obtain holographic grating. The holographic gratings with different purposes can be obtained by adopting different wave surface shapes, and the holographic gratings with different types or different purposes, such as sine and cosine gratings, rectangular gratings, plane gratings, volume gratings and the like can be obtained by adopting different holographic recording media and processing processes.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the light wave output area records a grating by means of holographic exposure, two beams of gratings K1 and K2 are used for mutual interference exposure, the light wave input area is coated with a reflective film on an inclined surface or couples light waves into the light wave input area by a prism, and the angle of the inclined surface or the prism is controlled, so that the light coupled into the grating has the same direction as the direction of K2. Thus, when the light of the optical machine enters the inclined plane from the light wave input area and is reflected, the propagation direction of the light is the same as the direction of K2, and the total reflection condition is met, and when the light reaches the light wave output area, the grating diffracts the light in the direction of K1 during exposure, and then the light is propagated to eyes.
As shown in fig. 4, when the diffractive optical output element includes a volume hologram diffraction grating, the hologram diffraction grating is prepared as follows: two coherent light beams of K1 and K2 are used for mutually interfering to form light and dark stripes, the light field information is recorded in the photosensitive material of the holographic dry plate through exposure, and after post-processing development and fixation, the light of K1 is diffracted when the light of K2 is incident to the area. During preparation, a triangular prism is required to be added, the triangular prism is used for coupling the light of the K2 into the coupling-out area during exposure, because the K2 needs to meet the total reflection condition in the waveguide, and if the triangular prism is not added, the light can enter and exit under the same condition according to the reversibility of the light.
In one embodiment, preferably, when the diffractive optical output element comprises a volume holographic diffraction grating, the geometrical optical input element satisfies the following condition:
α+2β(n1/n2)=π/2
α is an included angle between a light wave coupled into a waveguide substrate and the waveguide, β is an apex angle of the inclined plane or the prism, n1 is a refractive index of the waveguide substrate, and n2 is a refractive index of the volume holographic diffraction grating.
The above conditions are derived by assuming that the vertex angle of the slope or prism is β and the angle between K2 and the waveguide is α. in this case of fig. 3, when the light from the optical engine is perpendicularly incident on the light wave input region, the direction of the light ray is not changed, so the incident angle to the slope when reflected is β, the reflection angle is β. the light ray reflected by the slope propagates to the upper surface of the waveguide substrate, and the incident angle to the upper surface is 2 β, and the reflection angle is 2 β, as shown in fig. 5. however, refraction occurs due to the refractive index mismatch between the substrate and the photosensitive material, and considering the refraction, assuming that the refractive index of the substrate is n1 and the refractive index of the photosensitive material is n2, the reflection angle becomes 2 β (n1/n2), so α +2 β (n1/n2) = pi/2.
In one embodiment, the angle α between the waveguide and the light wave coupled into the waveguide substrate preferably satisfies the following condition:
α＞arcsin（n0/n1）
where n1 is the refractive index of the waveguide substrate and n0 is the refractive index of air.
As shown in fig. 6, in an embodiment, preferably, the diffractive optical output element may further include a surface relief grating, such as a micro-nano structured grating, where the micro-nano structured grating is formed by curing a photoresist in a nano-imprinting manner. Nanoimprint, the most common method for fabricating polymer structures, uses high resolution electron beams to pattern intricately structured nanostructures on a stamp, and then uses a pre-patterned stamp to deform the polymer material to form a structured pattern on the polymer. In the hot embossing process, the structural pattern is transferred to the polymer softened by heating and then cured by cooling below the glass transition temperature of the polymer, while in the uv embossing process it is cured by uv polymerization. Microcontact printing generally refers to the transfer of ink material onto a patterned metal-based surface, followed by an etching process. Nanoimprint technology is a low-cost and fast method of obtaining replicated structures at the nanoscale, which can produce large-scale repetitive patterns of nanopattern structures over large areas, and the resulting high-resolution patterns have excellent uniformity and reproducibility. Therefore, when the light of the optical machine enters the inclined plane from the light wave input area and is reflected by the inclined plane, the light meets the total reflection condition, is transmitted to the output light wave output area, reaches the light wave output area and is coupled out to human eyes through the micro-nano structure grating.
Therefore, the light waves are coupled into the waveguide substrate in a geometric method, chromatic aberration is not easy to generate, the light reaches the grating area after being totally reflected in the waveguide substrate and is diffracted out, the uniformity of the light before being diffracted is relatively good, the dispersion problem can be reduced to a great extent, and meanwhile, the process difficulty is greatly reduced by adopting a diffraction light waveguide in the coupling-out part.
Based on the same concept, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an augmented reality display apparatus, including the waveguide display device according to any one of the above technical solutions. The augmented reality display device may be an AR eye or AR helmet or the like.
It is further understood that the use of "a plurality" in this disclosure means two or more, as other terms are analogous. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. The singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It will be further understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used to describe various information and that such information should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another and do not denote a particular order or importance. Indeed, the terms "first," "second," and the like are fully interchangeable. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
It is further to be understood that while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this is not to be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in serial order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A waveguide display device, comprising: a waveguide substrate, a geometric optical input element, and a diffractive optical output element;
the geometric optical input element is arranged in a light wave input area of the waveguide substrate and is used for coupling input light waves into the waveguide substrate in a geometric optical mode;
the waveguide substrate is used for transmitting the light wave coupled into the waveguide substrate through the geometric optical input element to the diffractive optical output element in a total reflection mode;
the diffractive optical output element is arranged in the light wave output area of the waveguide substrate and is used for outputting the light waves transmitted to the diffractive optical output element in a diffractive optical mode.
2. A waveguide display device as claimed in claim 1 in which the geometric optical input element comprises a chamfer coated with a reflective film.
3. A waveguide display device as claimed in claim 1 in which the geometric optical input element comprises a prism.
4. A waveguide display device as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the diffractive optical output element comprises a volume holographic diffraction grating.
5. A waveguide display device according to claim 4, wherein the volume holographic diffraction grating is implemented by exposing a photosensitive material.
6. A waveguide display device as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the diffractive optical output element comprises a volume holographic diffraction grating, the geometrical optical input element satisfies the following condition:
α+2β(n1/n2)=π/2
α is an included angle between a light wave coupled into a waveguide substrate and the waveguide, β is an apex angle of the inclined plane or the prism, n1 is a refractive index of the waveguide substrate, and n2 is a refractive index of the volume holographic diffraction grating.
7. The waveguide display device of claim 6, wherein the angle α between the light waves coupled into the waveguide substrate and the waveguide satisfies the following condition:
α＞arcsin（n0/n1）
where n1 is the refractive index of the waveguide substrate and n0 is the refractive index of air.
8. The waveguide display device according to claim 1, wherein the diffractive optical output element comprises a micro-nanostructured grating formed by curing a photoresist in a nanoimprint lithography.
9. A waveguide display device according to claim 8, wherein the geometric optical input element and the diffractive optical output element are both disposed on an upper surface of the waveguide substrate.
10. An augmented reality display device, comprising:
the waveguide display device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202010378188.9A CN111474721A (en) | 2020-05-07 | 2020-05-07 | Waveguide display device and augmented reality display apparatus |
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| CN202010378188.9A CN111474721A (en) | 2020-05-07 | 2020-05-07 | Waveguide display device and augmented reality display apparatus |
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| CN112630967A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-09 | 业成科技（成都）有限公司 | Optical waveguide module and electronic equipment |
| WO2023071474A1 (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-05-04 | 上海鲲游科技有限公司 | Optical waveguide device and manufacturing method therefor |
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