CN111472848B - 一种基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统 - Google Patents

一种基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统 Download PDF

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CN111472848B
CN111472848B CN202010392619.7A CN202010392619A CN111472848B CN 111472848 B CN111472848 B CN 111472848B CN 202010392619 A CN202010392619 A CN 202010392619A CN 111472848 B CN111472848 B CN 111472848B
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hydrogen
steam
pressure
steam turbine
compressor
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CN111472848A (zh
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王惠挺
厉劲风
秦刚华
刘玉涛
孙士恩
缪文峰
邱利民
张志宇
王峰
王西明
林俊光
吕敏
卢涵
李想
许好好
俞李斌
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Zhejiang Baimahu Laboratory Co ltd
Zhejiang Energy Group Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统，包括电厂供热中压蒸汽、电厂供热低压蒸汽、氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机、氢气提纯用压缩机、氢气提纯设备、氢气液化用蒸汽轮机、氢气液化用压缩机、冷箱、液氢罐、减温减压系统和液氮罐；电厂供热中压蒸汽与电厂供热低压蒸汽之间连接有减温减压系统；氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机的进气端连接电厂供热中压蒸汽，氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机的出气端连接电厂供热低压蒸汽。本发明的有益效果是：本发明通过蒸汽轮机驱动氢气压缩机的方式，实现了电厂供热的高效阶梯利用，提升了能源综合利用效率，降低了液氢制备系统的运行成本。

Description

一种基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统
技术领域
本发明涉及液氢制备系统，具体涉及一种基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统。
背景技术
响应对综合能源供应的号召，依托“电厂+”优势，目前大部分燃煤机组都对外供热，并且呈现明显增长趋势。蒸汽供热主要应用在化工园区。
目前，为满足低压蒸汽用户需求，供热机组普遍采用减温减压系统，减温减压系统能够对热源（电站锅炉或热电厂等处）输送来的一次蒸汽进行减温减压，输出的二次蒸汽压力、温度达到生产工艺的要求。然而采用减温减压系统的方式，蒸汽能量没有实现梯级利用， “高品位”热能转变为“低品位”热能过程中造成了㶲的浪费，属“粗放型”生产方式。
氢气液化系统一般采用电驱动，中大型氢气液化系统一般都是基于克劳德制冷循环的改进型，克劳德制冷循环中氢气压缩机为主要耗能设备。降低氢气压缩机能耗成本，对提升氢气液化系统的整体经济性具有显著意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统。
这种基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统，包括电厂供热中压蒸汽、电厂供热低压蒸汽、氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机、氢气提纯用压缩机、氢气提纯设备、氢气液化用蒸汽轮机、氢气液化用压缩机、冷箱、液氢罐、减温减压系统和液氮罐；电厂供热中压蒸汽与电厂供热低压蒸汽之间连接有减温减压系统；氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机的进气端连接电厂供热中压蒸汽，氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机的出气端连接电厂供热低压蒸汽；氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机和氢气提纯用压缩机之间机械连接；氢气液化用蒸汽轮机和氢气液化用压缩机之间机械连接；氢气提纯用压缩机与氢气提纯设备连接；氢气提纯设备和氢气液化用压缩机均连接至冷箱。
作为优选：冷箱包括氢气液化部分和氢气制冷循环部分，氢气液化部分主要由吸附器-正仲氢转换模块和不同温区换热器组成，氢气制冷循环部分主要由不同温区换热器和透平膨胀机组组成。
作为优选：氢气提纯设备连接至冷箱的氢气液化部分，氢气液化部分连接液氢罐。
作为优选：冷箱中的不同温区换热器连接液氮罐。
作为优选：氢气液化用压缩机连接至冷箱的氢气制冷循环部分。
作为优选：氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机的蒸汽入口处设有第一蒸汽流量控制阀，氢气液化用蒸汽轮机的蒸汽入口处设有第二蒸汽流量控制阀，减温减压系统的蒸汽入口处设有第三蒸汽流量控制阀。
作为优选：氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机采用背压式汽轮机。
作为优选：氢气液化用压缩机采用活塞式压缩机或螺杆式压缩机。
这种基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1）电厂供热中压蒸汽中的部分蒸汽通过减温减压系统、氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机进行减温减压进入电厂供热低压蒸汽，在满足氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机所需蒸汽流量的情况下，调整第三蒸汽流量控制阀的开度，以平衡中压蒸汽用户和低压蒸汽用户的需求；同时氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机驱动氢气提纯用压缩机工作，氢气液化用蒸汽轮机驱动氢气液化用压缩机工作；
2）原料氢气进入氢气提纯用压缩机，压缩至一定压力后进入氢气提纯设备，在氢气提纯设备中完成去杂质提纯，得到高纯氢气；
3）高纯氢气通入冷箱中的氢气液化部分，通过吸附器-正仲氢转化模块进一步提纯，并进行正仲氢转化，同时通过不同温区换热器实现降温液化；
4）氢气液化用压缩机为氢气制冷循环部分提供高压氢气；
5）液氮罐中的液氮通入冷箱的不同温区换热器中实现预冷。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明通过蒸汽轮机驱动氢气压缩机的方式，实现了电厂供热的高效阶梯利用，提升了能源综合利用效率，降低了液氢制备系统的运行成本。
附图说明
图1为基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统的流程示意图。
附图标记说明： 1 电厂供热中压蒸汽；2 电厂供热低压蒸汽；3.1 氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机；3.2 氢气提纯用压缩机；3.3 氢气提纯设备；4 氢气液化用蒸汽轮机；5 氢气液化用压缩机；6 冷箱；6.1 氢气液化部分；6.2 氢气制冷循环部分；6.3.1 吸附器-正仲氢转化模块；6.3.2 不同温区换热器；6.3.3 透平膨胀机组；7 液氢罐；8减温减压系统；9 液氮罐；11.1第一蒸汽流量控制阀；11.2 第二蒸汽流量控制阀；11.3 第三蒸汽流量控制阀。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。下述实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
所述基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统，包括电厂供热中压蒸汽1、电厂供热低压蒸汽2、氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机3.1、氢气提纯用压缩机3.2、氢气提纯设备3.3、氢气液化用蒸汽轮机4、氢气液化用压缩机5、冷箱6、液氢罐7、减温减压系统8、液氮罐9。
氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机3.1和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机4，两者的进气端连接电厂供热中压蒸汽1，出气端连接电厂供热低压蒸汽2。
氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机3.1和氢气提纯用压缩机3.2，两者机械连接。
氢气液化用蒸汽轮机4和氢气液化用压缩机5，两者机械连接。
冷箱6，根据功能可分为氢气液化部分6.1、氢气制冷循环部分6.2；冷箱6，根据设备类型可分为吸附器-正仲氢转换模块6.3.1、不同温区换热器6.3.2、透平膨胀机组6.3.3。
原料氢气进入氢气提纯用压缩机3.2，压缩至一定压力后进入氢气提纯设备3.3，在氢气提纯设备3.3中完成去杂质提纯，得到高纯氢气。
高纯氢气通入冷箱6中的氢气液化部分6.1，通过吸附器-正仲氢转化模块6.3.1进一步提纯，并进行正仲氢转化，同时通过不同温区换热器6.3.2实现降温液化。
采用预冷方式，可有效降低液氢制备过程的能耗，液氮预冷是较为通用的方式。在传统方案中，液氮罐9中的液氮通入冷箱6中的不同温区换热器6.3.2实现预冷。
氢气液化用压缩机5为氢气制冷循环部分6.2提供高压氢气。
氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机3.1和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机4，可部分代替电厂供热中压蒸汽1与电厂供热低压蒸汽2之间的减温减压系统8的作用，对蒸汽进行减温减压，完成中压蒸汽到低压蒸汽的转换，同时输出机械功。
氢气提纯用压缩机3.2，由电厂供热中压蒸汽1与电厂供热低压蒸汽2之间的氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机3.1驱动，实现了电厂供热梯级利用。
氢气液化用压缩机5，由电厂供热中压蒸汽1与电厂供热低压蒸汽2之间的氢气液化用蒸汽轮机4驱动，实现了电厂供热梯级利用。
第一蒸汽流量控制阀11.1用于控制氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机3.1的蒸汽流量。第二蒸汽流量控制阀11.2用于控制氢气液化用蒸汽轮机4的蒸汽流量。第三蒸汽流量控制阀11.3用于控制减温减压系统8的蒸汽流量。在满足氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机3.1和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机4所需蒸汽流量的情况下，调整第三蒸汽流量控制阀11.3的开度，以平衡中压蒸汽用户和低压蒸汽用户的需求。
氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机3.1和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机4采用背压式汽轮机。机组采用节流调节方式，全部蒸汽都要经过节流阀后进入通流叶片。机组额定进汽参数和额定功率时，节流阀全开；机组低于额定功率时，根据进汽参数的变化情况，调整节流阀开度进行节流调节以适应功率变化的要求。
氢气液化用压缩机5采用活塞式压缩机或螺杆式压缩机。
以浙江宁波镇海地区为例，中压供热管道中压蒸汽参数工作压力为3.7～4.3MPa，工作温度280～300℃，汽源为镇海动力中心两台启动炉，2020年后段镇海迁建电厂两台660 MW超超临界燃煤机组建成后，将由该机组再热管道抽汽减温减压后供汽，最大供热能力400 t/h。镇海动力中心两台启动炉半年后将作为备用，单台110 t/h，共220 t/h。目前中压供热实际需求量20 t/h。
低压供热管道参数工作压力为1.6～1.95 MPa，工作温度260～280℃，汽源目前为镇海电厂两台200 MW等级燃煤机组再热蒸汽管道抽出后减温减压获得，下半年关停两台200 MW等级燃煤机组后也将由镇海迁建电厂两台660 MW超超临界燃煤机组再热管道通过减温减压提供，镇海动力中心燃机再热蒸汽管道备用。目前实际需求量350 t/h，随着未来石化区产能恢复或新增热用户后，低压蒸汽需求量将进一步增大。
由上可知，中压蒸汽和低压蒸汽都是大型燃煤机组（200 MW或660 MW）再热蒸汽管道引出分别经过减温减压后进入中压蒸汽母管和低压蒸汽母管对外供热。目前存在低压蒸汽的缺口由中压蒸汽供热母管上通过减温减压后返回到低压蒸汽供热母管中。
从技术上分析，采用中压供热蒸汽驱动汽轮机（背压式），排汽产生低压蒸汽回到低压供热管道，此方案可部分代替减温减压系统的作用。目前工业园区普遍存在中低压两种蒸汽的供热管系，可以较好对高品位的中压蒸汽进行能量梯级利用后，再回到低压蒸汽管道。
从经济性上分析，电厂供热蒸汽相对于电有价格优势，可降低系统的运行费用。
本发明利用具有价格优势的电厂供热蒸汽，通过蒸汽轮机驱动压缩机的方式，用蒸汽轮机部分代替电厂供热中压蒸汽与电厂供热低压蒸汽之间的减温减压系统的作用，满足低压蒸汽供应的同时输出机械功，实现了阶梯利用，提升了能源综合利用效率，降低了氢气压缩机驱动成本。通过以上创新流程，降低了氢气液化系统的运行成本。

Claims (4)

1.一种基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统，其特征在于：包括电厂供热中压蒸汽（1）、电厂供热低压蒸汽（2）、氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机（3.1）、氢气提纯用压缩机（3.2）、氢气提纯设备（3.3）、氢气液化用蒸汽轮机（4）、氢气液化用压缩机（5）、冷箱（6）、液氢罐（7）、减温减压系统（8）和液氮罐（9）；电厂供热中压蒸汽（1）与电厂供热低压蒸汽（2）之间连接有减温减压系统（8）；氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机（3.1）和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机（4）的进气端连接电厂供热中压蒸汽（1），氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机（3.1）和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机（4）的出气端连接电厂供热低压蒸汽（2）；氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机（3.1）和氢气提纯用压缩机（3.2）之间机械连接；氢气液化用蒸汽轮机（4）和氢气液化用压缩机（5）之间机械连接；氢气提纯用压缩机（3.2）与氢气提纯设备（3.3）连接；氢气提纯设备（3.3）和氢气液化用压缩机（5）均连接至冷箱（6）；冷箱（6）包括氢气液化部分（6.1）和氢气制冷循环部分（6.2），氢气液化部分（6.1）主要由吸附器-正仲氢转换模块（6.3.1）和不同温区换热器（6.3.2）组成，氢气制冷循环部分（6.2）主要由不同温区换热器（6.3.2）和透平膨胀机组（6.3.3）组成；氢气提纯设备（3.3）连接至冷箱（6）的氢气液化部分（6.1），氢气液化部分（6.1）连接液氢罐（7）；冷箱（6）中的不同温区换热器（6.3.2）连接液氮罐（9）；氢气液化用压缩机（5）连接至冷箱（6）的氢气制冷循环部分（6.2）；氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机（3.1）的蒸汽入口处设有第一蒸汽流量控制阀（11.1），氢气液化用蒸汽轮机（4）的蒸汽入口处设有第二蒸汽流量控制阀（11.2），减温减压系统（8）的蒸汽入口处设有第三蒸汽流量控制阀（11.3）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统，其特征在于：氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机（3.1）和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机（4）采用背压式汽轮机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统，其特征在于：氢气液化用压缩机（5）采用活塞式压缩机或螺杆式压缩机。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的基于能源梯级利用的供热蒸汽驱动液氢制备系统的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1）电厂供热中压蒸汽（1）中的部分蒸汽通过减温减压系统（8）、氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机（3.1）和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机（4）进行减温减压进入电厂供热低压蒸汽（2），在满足氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机（3.1）和氢气液化用蒸汽轮机（4）所需蒸汽流量的情况下，调整第三蒸汽流量控制阀（11.3）的开度，以平衡中压蒸汽用户和低压蒸汽用户的需求；同时氢气提纯用蒸汽轮机（3.1）驱动氢气提纯用压缩机（3.2）工作，氢气液化用蒸汽轮机（4）驱动氢气液化用压缩机（5）工作；
2）原料氢气进入氢气提纯用压缩机（3.2），压缩至一定压力后进入氢气提纯设备（3.3），在氢气提纯设备（3.3）中完成去杂质提纯，得到高纯氢气；
3）高纯氢气通入冷箱（6）中的氢气液化部分（6.1），通过吸附器-正仲氢转换模块（6.3.1）进一步提纯，并进行正仲氢转化，同时通过不同温区换热器（6.3.2）实现降温液化；
4）氢气液化用压缩机（5）为氢气制冷循环部分（6.2）提供高压氢气；
5）液氮罐（9）中的液氮通入冷箱（6）的不同温区换热器（6.3.2）中实现预冷。
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