CN111109591A - 肠道微生态高效重建型苹果酵素及加工技术 - Google Patents
肠道微生态高效重建型苹果酵素及加工技术 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种肠道微生态高效重建型苹果酵素及加工技术,步骤如下:⑴原料前处理;⑵打浆:⑶展青霉素解毒:先对打浆液进行生物解毒:向打浆液中接种植物乳酸菌(ATCC 8014),在温度20‑30℃,调节PH 3‑7条件下搅拌解毒20‑24h;然后用羧基化纳米多壁碳—中性氧化铝过滤网板重复三次吸附过滤;⑷分部强化动态发酵。本发明针对苹果酵素发酵效率低、时间长问题,采用底物分部减压动态强化发酵方法,实现苹果加速高效率发酵,大大缩短发酵时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于酵素领域,涉及一种肠道微生态高效重建型苹果酵素及加工技术。
背景技术
酵素即为活体酶,是由一种或一种以上的果蔬等食材,经过多种天然附着在原料表面的益生菌发酵而成,富含多种酶、果胶、纤维素、矿物质微生物等营养成分的发酵制品。其中苹果酵素富含蛋白质、钙、磷、铁、锌、钾、镁、硫、胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、烟酸、纤维素等营养成分。研究发现苹果不仅含有丰富的糖、维生素和矿物质等大脑必须的营养素,而且更重要的是富含锌元素,有利于促进生长发育、提高智力和记忆力。
目前由于药物、饮食、年龄、肠动力异常及免疫功能障碍等原因,我国大多数人极易出现肠道微生态失调问题,其中长期、大量使用广谱抗生素是引发人体肠道菌群失调最主要的原因。基于养生理念,苹果酵素作为较佳的肠道菌群调节剂,日益被重视且营养观念也不断推广。苹果酵素以其丰富的营养成分,启动了细胞活力,为人体带来了一定的益处,因此在我国,已经有许多关注健康的成功人士开始饮用。苹果酵素由于加工简单,故大多为小规模家庭手工制作,原料的选择与处理、发酵条件的控制等直接影响到苹果酵素的品质,因此在提高原料利用率的前提下提升发酵效率和菌群丰度及相关酶的活性,是苹果酵素生产加工重点所在。
据检索,发现以下与本申请相关的专利文献,具体公开内容如下:
1.《一种利用鲜苹果渣同时制备苹果白兰地和苹果果肉酵素粉的方法》(发明专利号:ZL201510852062.X,授权日期:2018年1月12日)发明公开了将苹果渣固体发酵后,经冷破碎打浆去除皮籽芯、分离后转入干燥机蒸馏和干燥,同时制备苹果白兰地和苹果果肉酵素粉法。其优点在于:制备苹果白兰地的同时制备出一种肠道微生态高效重建型苹果酵素及加工技术果肉酵素粉,操作简单。该专利的不足之处:(1)酵素粉干制及复性过程中多数有益菌的活力和酶的活性会降低;(2)利用苹果皮渣制得的酵素粉口感较差、益生菌丰度及其他营养成分含量较低;(3)利用传统常规技术对皮渣进行固体发酵,而现有技术酵素发酵时间至少3-6个月以上,故酵素品质得不到保证。
2.《复合果蔬酵素及其制备方法》(发明专利号:ZL201510617355.X,授权日期:2017年9月22日)通过将多种果蔬混合粉碎,外加菌液和酶保活剂来发酵制得复合果蔬酵素,其优点在于:发酵制得的复合果蔬酵素各种保外酵素齐全,活力强。该专利的不足:(1)利用米曲霉、酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌混合发酵复合果蔬,而几种菌的最适发酵条件不完全相同,且存在一定的相互抑制作用,故发酵效率和菌种丰度较低;(2)长时间静置发酵,原料和菌株发生沉积,不利于后续发酵;(3)生产周期较长,发酵时间为500-1500天。
3.《一种苹果酵素的制备方法》(发明申请号:ZL201810979256.X,申请日期:2018年8月27日)原料使用去核切片苹果,并使用酶解,酵母发酵及醋酸菌后发酵制得苹果酵素,其优点是能够让每种菌种都能按照工艺需要充分生长,提高了发酵效率,发酵代谢产物的营养价值较高。该专利的不足之处:(1)需要利用去核苹果片为原料,原料前处理要求高,可利用幼果或残次果发酵,却存在展青霉毒素无法去除的安全问题;(2)外加菌株对底物的选择专一性高,对以苹果为底物发酵效果不理想;(3)发酵成品中酶的活性和菌株的丰度较低。
综合以上专利,发现现有苹果酵素加工技术中存在以下问题:
1.发酵效率低、时间长:传统技术低、中等品质酵素发酵时间1-3个月左右,高品质酵素发酵时间6个月到1年以上,主要是外加菌株的专一性和最适生长条件调控方式,以及长时间静置发酵,菌株和底物的沉积,不利于大分子物质分解,发酵效率低。
2.成品中益生菌丰度和相关酶的活性较低:和苹果自带天然的和人工添加的参与发酵菌株数量有关,此外,大部分益生菌和酶对外界不利环境条件极为敏感,很容易死亡或失活。
3.原料要求高,使用幼果和残次果发酵,存在展青霉毒素危害的安全隐患:为提高产品口感和安全性,传统技术多使用去核苹果切片为原料,而苹果花后落果和人工巯除幼果也可发酵同等价值酵素,却存在展青酶毒素危害隐患。
4.苹果酵素多为广谱制剂,对于不同因素诱导的肠道微生态失调针对性较差:常见肠道微生态失调原因与症状有:由抗生素引起的微生态失调,球菌取代杆菌成为优势菌群;高脂饮食易引起肠道乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌菌群数量减少;心理压力和生理应激也会导致肠道乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌菌群数量减少;老年人肠道总厌氧菌和乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量减少。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够使人体肠道微生态快速高效重建的苹果酵素加工技术,并解决加工过程中幼果与残次果发酵效率低、时间长、中展青霉毒素含量较高、益生菌种丰度和酶活性较低等技术难题。
本发明实现目的的技术方案如下:
一种肠道微生态高效重建型苹果酵素加工方法,步骤如下:
⑴原料前处理
苹果花后落果和人工巯除幼果剔除霉变部分,清洗掉表面灰层、泥土,保留表皮原有野生酵母,去核切块;
⑵打浆
低温液氮排氧打浆,减少果浆褐变,保留大部分酶活性;低温控制在5-10℃,液氮滴入量2%-3.5%;打浆后进行适当减压酶解,加入果胶酶50mg/L-70mg/L,纤维素酶85mg/L-100mg/L,40-45℃搅拌1-2h;
⑶展青霉素解毒
先对打浆液进行生物解毒:向打浆液中接种植物乳酸菌(ATCC 8014),在温度20-30℃,调节PH 3-7条件下搅拌解毒20-24h;然后用羧基化纳米多壁碳—中性氧化铝过滤网板重复三次吸附过滤;
⑷分部强化动态发酵
向经过解毒处理的苹果果浆加入酶保活剂,所述酶保活剂由海藻糖、甘露醇、半胱氨酸组成,其质量比为(1-2):(1-1.5):(1-2);然后将苹果果浆等量分成5份,独立强化发酵:采用酵母菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、益生芽孢杆菌、双歧杆菌、丁酸梭菌进行发酵;
厌氧条件发酵的酵素液每2天给氧1-2h,需氧和兼性厌氧发酵的酵素液每2天断氧供给2-3h;与此同时,温度每天进行±2-4℃变温锻炼,以此来增强菌群的抗逆境能力,提高益生菌强壮程度;整个发酵过程维持适当低压,并每天通入氮气搅动发酵液0.5-1h后回压,使沉积物再次悬浮,提高发酵效率;
⑸益生菌精准强化混合:上述步骤中的六种发酵液混合使用;
⑹过滤:三级过滤,去除表面悬浮物和未能分解的残渣①酵母菌发酵:向发酵液中加入水果酿酒酵母菌(ATCC 9080),在28-30℃条件下发酵12天;
②植物乳杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入1%-1.5%蛋白粉,并接种植物乳酸菌(ATCC8014)在36-40℃下保温厌氧发酵1周;
③嗜酸乳杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入2-3%的乳糖和1-1.5%的低聚果糖,接种嗜酸乳杆菌(AS 1.1854),在37℃条件下无氧发酵1周;
④益生芽孢杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入1%-1.5%蛋白粉,2-2.5%淀粉,并接种益生芽孢杆菌(CGMCC1.3358),在37℃有氧发酵1周;
⑥双歧杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入低聚乳糖2-3%和1-1.5%的低聚果糖,并接种双歧杆菌(ATCC 15700),在37℃无氧发酵1周;
⑦丁酸梭菌发酵:向发酵液中乳糖1-1.5%,并接种丁酸梭菌(ATCC 19398),在37℃条件下无氧发酵1周;
⑺加入调味剂调配搅拌
加入蔗糖3-4wt%,蜂蜜1-3wt%,红糖1-2wt%,黑糖1-1.5wt%,充分搅拌均匀;
⑻暗处螯合陈酿
将调配好的苹果酵素封口后,放于阴暗处静置螯合陈酿1—6个月以上,陈酿1个月可得低、中等品质苹果酵素,陈酿6个月以上可得高品质优质苹果酵素;
⑼定期排气:后期陈酿每15天左右开盖排气处理;
⑽过滤:获得成品前再次过滤。
而且,所述⑸益生菌精准强化混合的方法为:
针对不同目标人群进行集中益生菌精准强化混合;关于酵母菌发酵液:植物乳杆菌发酵液:嗜酸乳杆菌发酵液:益生芽孢杆菌发酵液:双歧杆菌发酵液:丁酸梭菌发酵液混合比例,普通人群按1:1:1:1:1:1配比混合;抗生素引起的失调按1:2:2:2:2:1配比混合;由高脂饮食引起的失调按1:1:2:1:2:1配比混合;由心理压力与生理应激引起的失调按1:1:2:1:2:1配比混合;由高龄引起的失调按1:2:2:1:2:2配比混合;
而且,所述羧基化纳米多壁碳—中性氧化铝过滤网板的结构为:滤网板有5层结构,第1层筛板,孔径5-10目(约2-4mm直径);第2层羧基化纳米多壁碳,粒径3-5nm;第3层为大孔吸附树脂;第4层为中性氧化铝,粒径为50-70μm;第5层同样为筛板,孔径5-10目;含3mm以下粒径溶质的果浆可以通过该吸附过滤网板。
而且,采用酵母菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、益生芽孢杆菌、双歧杆菌、丁酸梭菌进行发酵的过程为:
①酵母菌发酵:向发酵液中加入水果酿酒酵母菌(ATCC 9080),在28-30℃条件下发酵12天;
②植物乳杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入1%-1.5%蛋白粉,并接种植物乳酸菌(ATCC8014)在36-40℃下保温厌氧发酵1周;
③嗜酸乳杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入2-3%的乳糖和1-1.5%的低聚果糖,接种嗜酸乳杆菌(AS 1.1854),在37℃条件下无氧发酵1周;
④益生芽孢杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入1%-1.5%蛋白粉,2-2.5%淀粉,并接种益生芽孢杆菌(CGMCC1.3358),在37℃有氧发酵1周;
⑥双歧杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入低聚乳糖2-3%和1-1.5%的低聚果糖,并接种双歧杆菌(ATCC 15700),在37℃无氧发酵1周;
⑦丁酸梭菌发酵:向发酵液中乳糖1-1.5%,并接种丁酸梭菌(ATCC 19398),在37℃条件下无氧发酵1周。
本发明的优点和积极效果是:
1、本发明对底物进行分部减压动态强化性发酵,先向底物中加入果胶酶和纤维素酶进行恒温减压酶解,再将酶解底物分成多个部分,分别添加米曲霉、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、酵母菌等益生菌,在最适条件下独立减压发酵,发酵过程中定期短时通入氮气扰动发酵液,是上下层发酵液发生置换,然后再回压,最后将发酵产物混合调配。发酵过程中向发酵液中添加对应菌株的最适目标底物,如米曲霉发酵液中添加淀粉和蛋白质,乳酸杆菌发酵液中添加乳糖,双歧杆菌发酵液中添加果糖和半乳糖等低聚糖。减压的目的是为了提升溶质间接触扩散与渗透速率,提高发酵效率、缩短发酵时间。
2、本发明为降低原料使用标准,提高原料利用率,使用苹果花后落果和人工巯除幼果进行苹果酵素的加工制作。打浆后使用植物乳酸菌生物降解,降解物通过羧基化纳米多壁碳与中性氧化铝过滤网多次重复过滤吸附,实现高效去除果浆中展青霉毒素的目的,解除安全隐患。
3、本发明针对不同肠道微生态失调症状,强化对应的菌株数量。抗生素引起的肠道微生态失调,强化益生芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌数量。高脂饮食和心理压力及生理应激引起的微生态失调,强化乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量。老年人肠胃微生态失调,强化丁酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量。有针对性的强化不同益生菌群数量,可使苹果酵素更适合各类人群食用,实现肠道微生态的高效重建。
4、本发明对菌株进行间歇变温与给缺氧锻炼,增强益生菌逆境胁迫抵抗能力,同时加入酶保活剂,以保持发酵液中产生的和原有酶的活力。间歇变温主要是发酵过程中定期短时改变最适发酵培养温度,使菌株不断突破能够适应温度的上下限,同时厌氧益生菌进行间歇给氧锻炼,好氧和间性厌氧益生菌进行缺氧锻炼,以此来增强菌株强壮程度,提高成品益生菌丰度,酶保活剂的添加进一步维持相关酶的较高活性。
5、针对苹果酵素发酵效率低、时间长问题,采用底物分部减压动态强化发酵方法,实现苹果加速高效率发酵,大大缩短发酵时间。具体是将原料打浆后减压酶解发酵底物,分成多份,添加益生菌最适条件下独立发酵,同时向发酵液中添加淀粉、蛋白质、乳糖等最适底物,并定期短时通入氮气扰动发酵液,发酵环境适当维持低压,以加快溶质间扩散和渗透速率,从而实现动态强化发酵,最后将独立发酵液调配混合,快速得到优质苹果酵素。
6、针对酵素成品益生菌丰度和相关酶活性较低问题,除了增加发酵益生菌种类以外,采用间歇变温与给缺氧锻炼方法,增强益生菌抗逆境胁迫能力提高存活率,同时加入酶保活剂,从而提高并维持益生菌产酶及原有酶的高活性。
7、针对使用幼果和残次果发酵苹果酵素,存在展青霉毒素危害的安全隐患,对果浆进行植物乳酸菌生物解毒联合羧基化纳米多壁碳与中性氧化铝过滤网多次重复过滤吸附处理,从而实现展青霉毒素的高效去除,毒素残留远低于我国苹果和山楂制品中展青霉毒素限量卫生标准(GB14974-1994)。
8、不同因素引起的肠道微生态失调症状和治疗方法不同,苹果酵素为广谱性制剂,不具有针对性。针对这一问题采用目标人群益生菌精准强化方法,实现了由抗生素、高脂饮食、心理压力与生理应激、高龄等因素引起的肠道微生态失调后的高效重建。
附图说明
图1为苹果酵素发酵液。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述,以下实施例只是描述性的,不是限定性的,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
一种肠道微生态高效重建型苹果酵素及加工技术,步骤如下:
⑴原料前处理
苹果花后落果和人工巯除幼果剔除霉变部分,清洗掉表面灰层、泥土,保留表皮原有野生酵母,去核切块。
⑵打浆
低温液氮排氧打浆,减少果浆褐变,保留大部分酶活性。低温控制在5-10℃,液氮滴入量2%-3.5%。打浆后进行适当减压酶解,加入果胶酶50mg/L-70mg/L,纤维素酶85mg/L-100mg/L,40-45℃搅拌1-2h。
⑶展青霉素解毒
先对打浆液进行生物解毒:向打浆液中接种植物乳酸菌(ATCC 8014),在温度20-30℃,调节PH 3-7条件下搅拌解毒20-24h。然后用羧基化纳米多壁碳—中性氧化铝过滤网板重复三次吸附过滤。解毒效果(检测解毒残留)如表1所示。
吸附过滤网板结构:过滤网有5层结构,第1层筛板,孔径5-10目(约2-4mm直径);第2层羧基化纳米多壁碳,粒径3-5nm;第3层为大孔吸附树脂;第4层为中性氧化铝,粒径为50-70μm;第5层同样为筛板,孔径5-10目。含3mm以下粒径溶质的果浆可以通过该吸附过滤网板。
⑷分部强化动态发酵
向经过解毒处理的苹果果浆加入酶保活剂,所述酶保活剂由海藻糖、甘露醇、半胱氨酸组成,其质量比为(1-2):(1-1.5):(1-2)。然后将苹果果浆等量分成5份,独立强化发酵:
①酵母菌发酵:向发酵液中加入水果酿酒酵母菌(ATCC 9080),在28-30℃条件下发酵12天;
②植物乳杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入1%-1.5%蛋白粉,并接种植物乳酸菌(ATCC8014)在36-40℃下保温厌氧发酵1周;
③嗜酸乳杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入2-3%的乳糖和1-1.5%的低聚果糖,接种嗜酸乳杆菌(AS 1.1854),在37℃条件下无氧发酵1周;
④益生芽孢杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入1%-1.5%蛋白粉,2-2.5%淀粉,并接种益生芽孢杆菌(CGMCC1.3358),在37℃有氧发酵1周;
⑥双歧杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入低聚乳糖2-3%和1-1.5%的低聚果糖,并接种双歧杆菌(ATCC 15700),在37℃无氧发酵1周;
⑦丁酸梭菌发酵:向发酵液中乳糖1-1.5%,并接种丁酸梭菌(ATCC 19398),在37℃条件下无氧发酵1周。
厌氧条件发酵的酵素液每2天给氧1-2h,需氧和兼性厌氧发酵的酵素液每2天断氧供给2-3h。与此同时,温度每天进行±2-4℃变温锻炼,以此来增强菌群的抗逆境能力,提高益生菌强壮程度。整个发酵过程维持适当低压,并每天通入氮气搅动发酵液0.5-1h后回压,使沉积物再次悬浮,提高发酵效率。
⑸益生菌精准强化混合
针对不同目标人群进行集中益生菌精准强化混合。关于酵母菌发酵液:植物乳杆菌发酵液:嗜酸乳杆菌发酵液:益生芽孢杆菌发酵液:双歧杆菌发酵:丁酸梭菌发酵混合比例,普通人群按1:1:1:1:1:1配比混合;抗生素引起的失调按1:2:2:2:2:1配比混合;由高脂饮食引起的失调按1:1:2:1:2:1配比混合;由心理压力与生理应激引起的失调按1:1:2:1:2:1配比混合;由高龄引起的失调按1:2:2:1:2:2配比混合。
⑹过滤
三级过滤,去除表面悬浮物和未能分解的残渣。
⑺加入调味剂调配搅拌
加入蔗糖3-4wt%,蜂蜜1-3wt%,红糖1-2wt%,黑糖1-1.5wt%,充分搅拌均匀。
⑻至于暗处螯合陈酿
将调配好的苹果酵素封口后,放于阴暗处静置螯合陈酿1—6个月以上,陈酿1个月可得低、中等品质苹果酵素,陈酿6个月以上可得高品质优质苹果酵素。
⑼定期排气
后期陈酿每15天左右开盖排气处理。
⑽过滤
获得成品前再次过滤,去除表面悬浮物和未能分解的残渣,以及底部沉积的凋亡的无价值益生菌群和排泄物。
附表1展青霉毒素残留检测
注:我国展青霉毒素限量卫生标准(GB14974-1994)不超过50μg/kg。
附表2有效成分对比表(每100克酵素成分含量)
Claims (4)
1.一种肠道微生态高效重建型苹果酵素加工方法,其特征在于:步骤如下:
⑴原料前处理
苹果花后落果和人工巯除幼果剔除霉变部分,清洗掉表面灰层、泥土,保留表皮原有野生酵母,去核切块;
⑵打浆
低温液氮排氧打浆,减少果浆褐变,保留大部分酶活性;低温控制在5-10℃,液氮滴入量2%-3.5%;打浆后进行适当减压酶解,加入果胶酶50mg/L-70mg/L,纤维素酶85mg/L-100mg/L,40-45℃搅拌1-2h;
⑶展青霉素解毒
先对打浆液进行生物解毒:向打浆液中接种植物乳酸菌(ATCC 8014),在温度20-30℃,调节PH 3-7条件下搅拌解毒20-24h;然后用羧基化纳米多壁碳—中性氧化铝过滤网板重复三次吸附过滤;
⑷分部强化动态发酵
向经过解毒处理的苹果果浆加入酶保活剂,所述酶保活剂由海藻糖、甘露醇、半胱氨酸组成,其质量比为(1-2):(1-1.5):(1-2);然后将苹果果浆等量分成5份,独立强化发酵:采用酵母菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、益生芽孢杆菌、双歧杆菌、丁酸梭菌进行发酵;
厌氧条件发酵的酵素液每2天给氧1-2h,需氧和兼性厌氧发酵的酵素液每2天断氧供给2-3h;与此同时,温度每天进行±2-4℃变温锻炼,以此来增强菌群的抗逆境能力,提高益生菌强壮程度;整个发酵过程维持适当低压,并每天通入氮气搅动发酵液0.5-1h后回压,使沉积物再次悬浮,提高发酵效率;
⑸益生菌精准强化混合:上述步骤中的六种发酵液混合使用;
⑹过滤:三级过滤,去除表面悬浮物和未能分解的残渣①酵母菌发酵:向发酵液中加入水果酿酒酵母菌(ATCC 9080),在28-30℃条件下发酵12天;
②植物乳杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入1%-1.5%蛋白粉,并接种植物乳酸菌(ATCC8014)在36-40℃下保温厌氧发酵1周;
③嗜酸乳杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入2-3%的乳糖和1-1.5%的低聚果糖,接种嗜酸乳杆菌(AS 1.1854),在37℃条件下无氧发酵1周;
④益生芽孢杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入1%-1.5%蛋白粉,2-2.5%淀粉,并接种益生芽孢杆菌(CGMCC1.3358),在37℃有氧发酵1周;
⑥双歧杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入低聚乳糖2-3%和1-1.5%的低聚果糖,并接种双歧杆菌(ATCC 15700),在37℃无氧发酵1周;
⑦丁酸梭菌发酵:向发酵液中乳糖1-1.5%,并接种丁酸梭菌(ATCC 19398),在37℃条件下无氧发酵1周;
⑺加入调味剂调配搅拌
加入蔗糖3-4wt%,蜂蜜1-3wt%,红糖1-2wt%,黑糖1-1.5wt%,充分搅拌均匀;
⑻暗处螯合陈酿
将调配好的苹果酵素封口后,放于阴暗处静置螯合陈酿1—6个月以上,陈酿1个月可得低、中等品质苹果酵素,陈酿6个月以上可得高品质优质苹果酵素;
⑼定期排气:后期陈酿每15天左右开盖排气处理;
⑽过滤:获得成品前再次过滤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的肠道微生态高效重建型苹果酵素加工方法,其特征在于:所述⑸益生菌精准强化混合的方法为:
针对不同目标人群进行集中益生菌精准强化混合;关于酵母菌发酵液:植物乳杆菌发酵液:嗜酸乳杆菌发酵液:益生芽孢杆菌发酵液:双歧杆菌发酵液:丁酸梭菌发酵液混合比例,普通人群按1:1:1:1:1:1配比混合;抗生素引起的失调按1:2:2:2:2:1配比混合;由高脂饮食引起的失调按1:1:2:1:2:1配比混合;由心理压力与生理应激引起的失调按1:1:2:1:2:1配比混合;由高龄引起的失调按1:2:2:1:2:2配比混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的肠道微生态高效重建型苹果酵素加工方法,其特征在于:所述羧基化纳米多壁碳—中性氧化铝过滤网板的结构为:滤网板有5层结构,第1层筛板,孔径5-10目(约2-4mm直径);第2层羧基化纳米多壁碳,粒径3-5nm;第3层为大孔吸附树脂;第4层为中性氧化铝,粒径为50-70μm;第5层同样为筛板,孔径5-10目;含3mm以下粒径溶质的果浆可以通过该吸附过滤网板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的肠道微生态高效重建型苹果酵素加工方法,其特征在于:采用酵母菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、益生芽孢杆菌、双歧杆菌、丁酸梭菌进行发酵的过程为:
①酵母菌发酵:向发酵液中加入水果酿酒酵母菌(ATCC 9080),在28-30℃条件下发酵12天;
②植物乳杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入1%-1.5%蛋白粉,并接种植物乳酸菌(ATCC8014)在36-40℃下保温厌氧发酵1周;
③嗜酸乳杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入2-3%的乳糖和1-1.5%的低聚果糖,接种嗜酸乳杆菌(AS 1.1854),在37℃条件下无氧发酵1周;
④益生芽孢杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入1%-1.5%蛋白粉,2-2.5%淀粉,并接种益生芽孢杆菌(CGMCC1.3358),在37℃有氧发酵1周;
⑥双歧杆菌发酵:向发酵液中加入低聚乳糖2-3%和1-1.5%的低聚果糖,并接种双歧杆菌(ATCC 15700),在37℃无氧发酵1周;
⑦丁酸梭菌发酵:向发酵液中乳糖1-1.5%,并接种丁酸梭菌(ATCC 19398),在37℃条件下无氧发酵1周。
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