CN111039958B - Preparation method of cefdinir - Google Patents

Preparation method of cefdinir Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111039958B
CN111039958B CN201911331229.2A CN201911331229A CN111039958B CN 111039958 B CN111039958 B CN 111039958B CN 201911331229 A CN201911331229 A CN 201911331229A CN 111039958 B CN111039958 B CN 111039958B
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cefdinir
condensation reaction
dicyclohexylamine
amino
ester
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CN111039958A (en
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朱琳瑜
曹正浩
张勇
冯三林
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First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
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First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D501/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. cephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
    • C07D501/14Compounds having a nitrogen atom directly attached in position 7
    • C07D501/16Compounds having a nitrogen atom directly attached in position 7 with a double bond between positions 2 and 3
    • C07D501/207-Acylaminocephalosporanic or substituted 7-acylaminocephalosporanic acids in which the acyl radicals are derived from carboxylic acids
    • C07D501/227-Acylaminocephalosporanic or substituted 7-acylaminocephalosporanic acids in which the acyl radicals are derived from carboxylic acids with radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached in position 3
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D501/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. cephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
    • C07D501/02Preparation
    • C07D501/04Preparation from compounds already containing the ring or condensed ring systems, e.g. by dehydrogenation of the ring, by introduction, elimination or modification of substituents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing cefdinir, which comprises the following steps: directly condensing 7-amino-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid trichloroethyl ester serving as a cephalosporin skeleton raw material and 1- [ (Z) -2- (2-amino-4-thiazolyl) -2- (acetoxyl imino) acetoxyl ] benzotriazole serving as active ester. The invention has less steps and high yield and product purity.

Description

Preparation method of cefdinir
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of cefdinir.
Background
Cefdinir is the third generation oral cephalosporin, which not only maintains the antibacterial effect of cefixime on G-bacteria, but also enhances the effect of the existing oral cephalosporin antibiotics on G + bacteria, especially the antibacterial effect on staphylococcus. The bacillus subtilis can inhibit more than 90% of clinical isolates, such as methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE), streptococcus (including streptococcus pneumoniae), haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and escherichia coli, even has good curative effects on gonococcus, branhamella catarrhalis and indole-positive proteus, has great global market demand, and recently releases MAH system and DMF similar system solicitation comments, aiming at encouraging the development and transfer of technologies of scientific research institutes.
Through comprehensive retrieval, the preparation of cefdinir related to the prior art is hundreds, and mainly comprises three types, namely a cyclization method, an acyl chloride method and an active ester method. Wherein the active ester method is mainly prepared by condensing the active ester of 7-AVCA and aminothiazoly loximate:
the total yield of the method is not high, and one important reason is that the two raw materials involved in the method are prepared by multi-step reaction, taking 7-AVCA as an example, and taking ACA, penicillin G or GCLE as raw materials, the reaction steps are various, and the total yield is greatly reduced. In addition, the method has the defects of difficult solvent recovery, large pollution, complicated operation of post-treatment steps and the like, and a plurality of steps of operation and even column chromatography are needed in many cases, and some documents provide a high-purity product obtained by salification, for example, CN101974020B discloses dicyclohexylamine salt. In addition, the currently used active ester is basically thioester, and CN101798313B authorizes and protects a novel ester 1- [ (Z) -2- (2-amino-4-thiazolyl) -2- (acetoxyimino) acetoxy ] benzotriazole (AB-AE), and the stability of the novel ester is better.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention abandons the raw material combination of thioester and 7-AVCA used in the prior art, overcomes a certain technical bias and provides a method for preparing cefdinir with a brand new thought.
The preparation method of cefdinir comprises the following steps:
directly condensing 7-amino-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid trichloroethyl ester serving as a cephalosporin skeleton raw material and 1- [ (Z) -2- (2-amino-4-thiazolyl) -2- (acetoxyimino) acetoxy ] benzotriazole serving as active ester. The 7-amino-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid trichloroethyl ester is also called 7-AVCA trichloroethyl ester, can be purchased directly, and can also be prepared by directly condensing 7-AVCA and trichloroethanol.
Optionally, the molar ratio of the active ester to the cephalosporin skeleton raw material is 1.1-1.2: 1, such as 1.2: 1.
Optionally, the condensation reaction is carried out in the presence of dicyclohexylamine.
Optionally, the molar ratio of dicyclohexylamine to trichloroethyl 7-amino-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate is 1.1 to 1.5:1, such as 1.3: 1.
Optionally, the condensation reaction temperature may be 10 to 30 ℃, such as 20 ℃.
Optionally, the solvent of the condensation reaction comprises water and a polar organic solvent, such as water and tetrahydrofuran, and the volume ratio of water to tetrahydrofuran may be 1: 10.
Optionally, after the condensation reaction, ester hydrolysis is directly carried out without separation, and cefdinir dicyclohexylamine salt is obtained in situ in an alkaline system after the reaction by directly adding inorganic base for hydrolysis; the inorganic base may be sodium bicarbonate; the pH value of the hydrolysis reaction can be 7.5-8.0; the cefdinir dicyclohexylamine salt obtained in situ from the hydrolyzed alkaline system can be separated by cooling and crystallizing the reaction system, and the temperature can be reduced to below 0 ℃, for example, to about-20 ℃.
Optionally, the preparation method further comprises adding acid to the dicyclohexylamine salt according to a conventional method to obtain cefdinir free base, wherein the acid can be inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, and the pH value can be rapidly adjusted to about 3 by the acid.
As an example, the preparation method of the present invention comprises:
1 equivalent of 7-AVCA trichloroethyl ester dissolved in water: adding 1.1-1.5 equivalents of dicyclohexylamine into a solvent of tetrahydrofuran 1:10(V/V), adding 1.1-1.2 equivalents of AB-AE, condensing at 20 ℃, then dropwise adding a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution until full hydrolysis, controlling the pH of the system after reaction to be about 7.5, then cooling to-20 ℃, continuing stirring to fully separate out cefdinir dicyclohexylamine salt, washing the obtained salt with tetrahydrofuran, and drying.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly as follows:
the invention develops a new way, abandons the combination of the common raw materials in the prior art, namely thioester and 7-AVCA, and unexpectedly discovers a specific 7-AVCA carboxylic ester which is not necessarily converted into 7-AVCA in advance and can be directly condensed with a specific active ester of the aminothiazoly loximate, the reaction steps are less, the yield is improved by dozens of percentage points, and the method greatly exceeds the expected range of people in the field; in addition, the method is carried out under the alkaline condition, the product does not contain E-type isomer of cefdinir dicyclohexylamine salt basically, the post-treatment is simple, the purity of the product is high, the obtained dicyclohexylamine salt can be converted into free alkali by simple treatment according to the quality requirements of various countries, and the method is very suitable for division and cooperation or technical transfer under the recent medical policy; the invention further researches the influence of the material proportion on the yield and the purity.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
dissolving 60mmol of 7-amino-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid trichloroethyl ester in a mixed solution of 200ml of tetrahydrofuran and 20ml of water, stirring, adding 66mmol of dicyclohexylamine for dissolving, then adding 66mmol of 1- [ (Z) -2- (2-amino-4-thiazolyl) -2- (acetoxyimino) acetoxyl ] benzotriazole, stirring at 20 ℃ until the HPLC monitoring reaction is completed, keeping the temperature at 20 ℃, dropwise adding a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution under stirring for full hydrolysis, controlling the pH of a system after the reaction to be about 7.5, then cooling to-20 ℃, and continuing stirring until solids are fully separated out. The resulting solid was separated, washed with 50ml tetrahydrofuran and dried to give 34.6g of solid identified as cefdinir dicyclohexylamine salt, which was free of E isomer impurities and 90% pure by standard control.
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6):9.4(d,1H);7.2(s,2H);7.0(dd,1H);6.7(s,1H);5.6(dd,1H);5.2(d,1H);5.1(d,1H);5.0(d,1H);3.6,3.4(ABd,1H);3.2(m,2H);2.1(m,4H);1.8(m,4H);1.6(m,2H);1.2-1.4(m,10H)
Examples 2-4 and comparative examples:
Figure BDA0002329628230000041
in the above experiment, referring to example 1 except the conditions listed in the table, the reaction conditions of the comparative example were the diphenylmethyl 7-AVCA ester, i.e., the ester of 7-AVCA and diphenylmethanol, and it is clear that the yield and purity of the comparative example are very poor and low compared with the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. A process for preparing cefdinir, comprising:
directly condensing 7-amino-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid trichloroethyl ester serving as a cephalosporin skeleton raw material and 1- [ (Z) -2- (2-amino-4-thiazolyl) -2- (acetoxyimino) acetoxyl ] benzotriazole serving as an active ester, directly hydrolyzing without separation after condensation reaction to obtain an addition salt of cefdinir and alkali, and further adding acid to treat the addition salt to obtain the cefdinir.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the active ester to the raw material of the cephalosporin skeleton is 1.1-1.2: 1.
3. The process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the condensation reaction is carried out in the presence of dicyclohexylamine.
4. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the molar ratio of dicyclohexylamine to the cephalosporin skeleton material is 1.1-1.5: 1.
5. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the molar ratio of dicyclohexylamine to cephalosporin material is 1.3: 1.
6. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the solvent for the condensation reaction contains water and a polar organic solvent.
7. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the solvent for the condensation reaction contains water and tetrahydrofuran.
8. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the hydrolysis is carried out by adding an inorganic base.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the inorganic base is sodium bicarbonate.
10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the addition salt is cefdinir dicyclohexylamine salt.
11. The process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the separation of the cefdinir dicyclohexylamine salt is carried out by cooling the system for crystallization.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein said cooling is to below 0 ℃.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said cooling is to-20 ℃.
14. A process according to any preceding claim, wherein the condensation reaction temperature is from 10 to 30 ℃.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the condensation reaction temperature is 20 ℃.
CN201911331229.2A 2017-05-31 2018-05-31 Preparation method of cefdinir Expired - Fee Related CN111039958B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995033753A1 (en) * 1994-06-03 1995-12-14 Marcham Trading & Investment Ltd. Process for the preparation of trihydrated cefixime
CN1251590A (en) * 1997-04-04 2000-04-26 生物化学有限公司 Crystalline amine salt of cefdinir
CN101798313A (en) * 2010-02-22 2010-08-11 浙江永宁药业股份有限公司 New preparation method of Cefdinir
CN101974020A (en) * 2010-11-19 2011-02-16 苏州中联化学制药有限公司 Method for synthesizing cefdinir
CN102010427A (en) * 2010-11-19 2011-04-13 苏州中联化学制药有限公司 Method for preparing cefdinir

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992007840A1 (en) * 1990-11-02 1992-05-14 Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Thiazole thioester derivative
US20040242556A1 (en) * 2003-06-02 2004-12-02 Ramesh Dandala Novel crystalline form of cefdinir
US7105659B2 (en) * 2003-06-02 2006-09-12 Aurobind - Pharma Ltd. Process for preparing cefdinir

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995033753A1 (en) * 1994-06-03 1995-12-14 Marcham Trading & Investment Ltd. Process for the preparation of trihydrated cefixime
CN1251590A (en) * 1997-04-04 2000-04-26 生物化学有限公司 Crystalline amine salt of cefdinir
CN101798313A (en) * 2010-02-22 2010-08-11 浙江永宁药业股份有限公司 New preparation method of Cefdinir
CN101974020A (en) * 2010-11-19 2011-02-16 苏州中联化学制药有限公司 Method for synthesizing cefdinir
CN102010427A (en) * 2010-11-19 2011-04-13 苏州中联化学制药有限公司 Method for preparing cefdinir

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