CN110982106A - Organic silicon surfactant, soft polyurethane foam and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic silicon surfactant, soft polyurethane foam and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic silicon surfactant, soft polyurethane foam and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of polyurethane. It has the following general formula: MDxD'yM; wherein M is (CH)3)3SiO1/2Or (CH)3)2RSiO1/2(ii) a D is (CH)3)2SiO2/2(ii) a D' is (CH)3)RSiO2/2(ii) a x + y is 50-120, y is more than or equal to 5, and the ratio of x to y is 10-20: 1; r is polyether. The organosilicon surfactant provided by the invention can form flexible polyurethane foam with finer and more uniform cells. The difference of polyurethane foam on the upper layer and the lower layer is favorably reduced, the air permeability of the foam is improved, the foaming process is more stable, and the consistency of the quality of the upper layer and the lower layer of the product is improved. The invention providesThe preparation method of the provided soft polyurethane foam is simple and easy to implement, and the prepared soft polyurethane foam has small difference of air permeability of the upper layer and the lower layer and good air permeability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polyurethane, and particularly relates to an organic silicon surfactant, soft polyurethane foam and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The soft polyurethane foam is widely applied to daily living goods such as sofas, beddings and clothes and industrial goods such as industrial packaging and filtration. Breathability, one of the important characteristics of soft bubbles, has been pursued by the industry, particularly in the seating, pillow, mattress, and other industries. Among them, patent CN 105530838B reports a breathable seat; CN 204207414U reports a sponge mattress, pillow with high air permeability; CN 106632985B reports a polyurethane foam material, its preparation method and use, which has good air permeability in high density foam.
At present, the technical problem of large air permeability difference between the upper layer and the lower layer of the foam exists, particularly in the soft foam with relatively low density, and related solutions are rarely reported.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an organic silicon surfactant, flexible polyurethane foam and a preparation method thereof so as to solve the technical problems.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a silicone surfactant for flexible polyurethane foams having the general formula: MDxD'yM; wherein M is (CH)3)3SiO1/2Or (CH)3)2RSiO1/2(ii) a D is (CH)3)2SiO2/2(ii) a D' is (CH)3)RSiO2/2(ii) a x + y is 50-120, y is more than or equal to 5, and the ratio of x to y is 10-20: 1; r is polyether.
The invention provides an organosilicon surfactant for soft polyurethane foam, which can form the soft polyurethane foam with finer and more uniform cells by adopting the organosilicon surfactant with the structure, and is favorable for improving the air permeability of the foam. Therefore, the difference of the polyurethane foams of the upper layer and the lower layer is small, the foaming process is more stable, and the consistency of the quality of the upper layer and the lower layer of the product is improved.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the R is a polyether segment, so that the R has good hydrophilicity, which is beneficial to improving the compatibility of the product and improving the emulsifying property, and the mass fraction of the R in the organosilicon surfactant is 50-70%.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, R is at least one polyether selected from the group consisting of:
i. has the general formula of-CnH2n(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)bPolyether of OR'; the polyether has a number average molecular weight of 2500-5000-3;
ii. a general formula of-Cn'H2n'(C2H4O)a'(C3H6O)b'Polyether of OR "; the polyether has a number average molecular weight of 300-700, wherein n 'is 2-4, the weight ratio of polyoxyethylene group in the polyether is 60-90%, R' is alkyl with 1-4 carbon atoms or-C (O) CH3;
iii, a general formula of-Cn”H2n”(C2H4O)a”(C3H6O)b”Polyether of OR'; the polyether has a number average molecular weight of 1000-2000, wherein n 'is 2-4, the weight ratio of polyoxyethylene group in the polyether is 20-60%, R' is H, alkyl with 1-4 carbon atoms or-C (O) CH3。
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a is an integer of 9-59, and b is an integer of 20-72.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a 'is an integer of 3 to 12, and b' is an integer of 1 to 5.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a "is an integer of 4 to 23, and b" is an integer of 8 to 28.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, x + y is 80-100, and the ratio of x to y is 13-17: 1.
Polyethers within the general formula above are all useful in the synthesis of silicone surfactants.
Too much or too little polyether can affect the performance of the product because the surfactant has both lipophilic and hydrophilic groups which need to be in a balanced state to maintain the surfactant's effect.
A preparation method of an organosilicon surfactant comprises the following steps: polysiloxane, polyether and chloroplatinic acid catalyst are placed in a reactor and react for 1-1.5h at the temperature of 90-95 ℃, and a diluent is added into the obtained product to obtain the organic silicon surfactant.
The surfactant contains a diluent. The diluent can reduce the viscosity of the product and is beneficial to practical use; the diluent also has a certain anti-freezing function, so that the freezing point of the product is increased.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diluent is at least one selected from the group consisting of dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene carbonate, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol propyl ether and cyclotrimethylolpropane formal. The above-mentioned diluent can raise the nucleation capability of foam in the foam-forming reaction, so that the foaming reaction can be more favorably implemented.
A method for preparing flexible polyurethane foam, which comprises adding the silicone surfactant in the process of synthesizing polyurethane foam.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above process further comprises adding to the foam-forming reaction mixture a polyol, a polyisocyanate and a polyurethane foam reaction catalyst. The flexible polyurethane foam is obtained by adding polyol, polyisocyanate and polyurethane foam reaction catalyst to react.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above method further comprises adding at least one of a filler, a blowing agent, a colorant, a flame retardant, and an antioxidant to the foam-forming reaction mixture. The filler, foaming agent, colorant, flame retardant and antioxidant may be added by selecting conventional components as required.
A flexible polyurethane foam obtained by the above process, wherein the difference in air permeability between the upper and lower layers of the flexible polyurethane foam is 10% or less.
By adopting the preparation method provided by the invention, the polyether modified organosilicon surfactant is added in the process of synthesizing the polyurethane foam, the prepared foam has more uniform air permeability, the foaming process is more stable, and the air permeability of the upper layer and the lower layer of the product quality is more consistent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flexible polyurethane foam has a density of 17 to 25kg/m3。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an organic silicon surfactant, soft polyurethane foam and a preparation method thereof. The difference of polyurethane foam on the upper layer and the lower layer is favorably reduced, the air permeability of the foam is improved, the foaming process is more stable, and the consistency of the quality of the upper layer and the lower layer of the product is improved. The preparation method of the soft polyurethane foam provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement, and the prepared soft polyurethane foam has small difference of air permeability of the upper layer and the lower layer and good air permeability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of foam cutting in Experimental example 1;
FIG. 2 is a cell diagram of a lower layer of the sliced foam of example 1-B;
FIG. 3 is a cell diagram of the upper layer of the sliced foam of example 1-B;
FIG. 4 is a cell diagram of a sliced foam lower layer of comparative example 6;
FIG. 5 is a cell map of the upper layer of sliced foam of comparative example 6.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
This example provides a method for preparing a surfactant. Which comprises the following steps: to a 1000ml four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a dry nitrogen line was added 225g of polysiloxane (MD)88D’5.8M), 375g of polyether A and 100g of polyether B.
Polyether a is an allyl-initiated, ester-terminated polyoxyalkylene having an average molecular weight of 4000 and containing 40% by weight of oxirane groups. Polyether B is an allyl-initiated, ester-terminated polyalkylene oxide having an average molecular weight of 550 and containing 70% by weight of ethylene oxide groups.
Polyether a has the following structural formula:
CH2=CH-CH2(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)bOC(O)CH3;EO%=40%;Mn=4000g/mol。
polyether B has the following structural formula:
CH2=CH-CH2(C2H4O)a'(C3H6O)b'OC(O)CH3;EO%=70%;Mn=550g/mol。
200 μ L of dibutylethanol was added to the flask via a pipette gun and stirred. Vacuuming and carrying out N2Displacement was carried out three times, the mixture was heated to 90-95 ℃ and stirred for about 10min, 6ppm of Pt (chloroplatinic acid in ethanol) was added. Maintaining the mixture at 90-95 deg.C for one hour, measuring Si-H content of the mixture to be less than 0.2mL/g to obtain yellowish liquidA clear viscous liquid. This viscous liquid was the product prepared in example 1.
Example 2
A silicone-polyether surfactant was prepared according to the preparation method of example 1 using the polyether combination shown in Table 1. This example differs from example 1 in the combination of polyethers, and the rest of the procedure is the same. The amounts of polysiloxane added in this example were 210g, polyether A405 g, and polyether B85 g.
Example 3
A silicone-polyether surfactant was prepared according to the preparation method of example 1 using the polyether combination shown in Table 1. This example differs from example 1 in the combination of polyethers, and the rest of the procedure is the same. The amounts of polysiloxane added in this example were 200g, polyether A360 g, polyether B70 g and polyether C20 g.
Polyether C has the following structural formula:
CH2=CH-CH2(C2H4O)a″(C3H6O)b″OC(O)CH3;EO%=40%;Mn=1200g/mol。
example 4
A silicone-polyether surfactant was prepared according to the preparation method of example 1 using the polyether combination shown in Table 1. This example differs from example 1 in the combination of polyethers, and the rest of the procedure is the same. The amounts of polysiloxane added in this example were 220g, 390g of polyether A and 95g of polyether B.
Comparative example 1
A silicone-polyether surfactant was prepared according to the preparation method of example 1 using the polyether combination shown in Table 1. This example differs from example 1 in the combination of polyethers, and the rest of the procedure is the same. The amounts of polysiloxane added in this example were 200g, polyether A455 g and polyether D40 g.
Polyether D has the following structural formula:
CH2=CH-CH2(C2H4O)a'(C3H6O)b'OC(O)CH3;
EO%=100%;Mn=300g/mol。
comparative example 2
A silicone-polyether surfactant was prepared according to the preparation method of example 1 using the polyether combination shown in Table 1. This example differs from example 1 in the combination of polyethers, and the rest of the procedure is the same. The amounts of polysiloxane added in this example were 180g, 455g of polyether A and 60g of polyether B.
Comparative example 3
A silicone-polyether surfactant was prepared according to the preparation method of example 1 using the polyether combination shown in Table 1. This example differs from example 1 in the combination of polyethers, and the rest of the procedure is the same. The amounts of polysiloxane added in this example were 190g, polyether A420 g and polyether B90 g.
Comparative example 4
A silicone-polyether surfactant was prepared according to the preparation method of example 1 using the polyether combination shown in Table 1. This example differs from example 1 in the combination of polyethers, and the rest of the procedure is the same. The amounts of polysiloxane added in this example were 180g, polyether A290 g and polyether E220 g.
Polyether E has the following structural formula:
CH2=CH-CH2(C2H4O)a″(C3H6O)b″OCH3;EO%=40%;Mn=1200g/mol。
table 1 table of different polyether combinations.
Experimental example 1
Silicone surfactants were prepared by separately mixing the product prepared in example 1 with the different solvents of Table 2 in different weight ratios, with the different combinations identified as example 1-A, example 1-B, and example 1-C, respectively.
Table 2 different solvent combinations.
The mixed solutions were used to prepare polyurethane foams, respectively.
The procedure for preparing the foam was as follows: adding 500.0 +/-0.5 g of PPG (PPG) polyol into a 2000ml plastic cup, and controlling the temperature of the polyol to be 21.5-22.5 ℃; adding 19.00 +/-0.02 g of water, 10.0-10.2g of organosilicon surfactant and 0.70-0.75g of amine A-33, and stirring the mixture at 2000r/m for 20 s; adding 0.95-1.00g of stannous octoate, and stirring at 2000r/m for 20 s; toluene diisocyanate 249.85 + -0.20 g maintained at 21.5-22.5 deg.C was poured in and stirred at 2000r/m for 7s, the mixture was poured into a cube 28.5cm, the cup was kept inverted and pouring was continued for 7 s. And (3) starting the reaction of the foam, continuously rising, recording the highest rising height of the foam, the foam jumping time and the height after retraction, and standing the foam. After the step of mixing toluene diisocyanate, the total time is 200s, and the foam is put into an oven with the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for curing for 1 h; the foam was taken out of the oven and cooled for at least 0.5 h.
Preparing flexible polyurethane foam: the following flexible polyurethane foam had a density of 25.0kg/m3And prepared according to the formulation of table 3.
Table 3 formula table.
Raw materials | Proportioning (wt%) |
PPG | 100.0 |
Water (W) | 3.8 |
Amine A33 | 0.15 |
Stannous octoate | 0.20 |
TDI80/20 (index 110) | 50 |
Organic silicon surfactant | 2.0 |
The hydroxyl number of the polyol PPG was 56. The silicone surfactant was added in an amount of 2% (wt%) of the PPG.
Polyurethane foams were prepared as comparative example 5 and comparative example 6, respectively, using commercially available surfactants UF5880 and L-595 in the same manner. The air permeability and the full mold height were measured as follows.
The detection method comprises the following steps: the prepared flexible polyurethane foam was cut into a rectangular parallelepiped having a bottom surface of 20X 20cm, and foam pieces having a thickness of 2.5cm were cut for the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer, respectively, as shown in FIG. 1.
The complete molding height: cm of the final height of the foam after 12-24 hours of standing at room temperature.
Air permeability: air flow per cubic meter per minute of foam.
The results of the measurements are shown in Table 4. The amount of surfactant added was 2% of the PPG. The data in Table 4 show that the silicone surfactants of examples 1-A to 1-C of the present invention have smaller differences in air permeability compared to the silicone surfactants of comparative examples 5 and 6, with the minimum difference in air permeability of example 1-B.
FIG. 2 is a cell diagram of a sliced foam lower layer of example 1-B, FIG. 3 is a cell diagram of a sliced foam upper layer of example 1-B, FIG. 4 is a cell diagram of a sliced foam lower layer of comparative example 6, and FIG. 5 is a cell diagram of a sliced foam upper layer of comparative example 6. It can be seen from the figure that the foam prepared by the surfactant provided by the comparative example has larger difference of upper and lower cell parts (fig. 4 and fig. 5), thus leading to large difference of air permeability of upper and lower layers, while the foam prepared by the surfactant provided by the present application has more consistent cell parts of upper and lower layers, smaller difference of air permeability (fig. 2 and fig. 3), and more consistent quality of upper and lower layers.
Table 4 table of air permeability and molding height test data in experimental example 1.
Experimental example 2
Examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4 were compounded using the solvent formulations of examples 1-B of Experimental example Table 2. Namely, the mass percentage of the prepared product is set to be 60%, the mass percentage of the dipropylene glycol is set to be 30%, and the mass percentage of the diethylene glycol propyl ether is set to be 10%. Examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4 the surfactants prepared by compounding and combining the solvent formulations of examples 1-B of Experimental example Table 2 are identified as examples 1-B, examples 2-B, examples 3-B, examples 4-B, comparative examples 1-B, comparative examples 2-B, comparative examples 3-B, and comparative examples 4-B, respectively. And a flexible polyurethane foam was prepared according to the method provided in experimental example 1. The prepared foam was tested for air permeability and full mold height using the method of experimental example 1.
The results of the measurements are shown in Table 5. Table 5 demonstrates that the surfactant examples of the present invention provide a flexible foam having lower differences in air permeability between the upper and lower layers. Comparative example 3-B had a higher air permeability, but the air permeability of the upper and lower layers of the foam differed significantly, i.e., the quality of the upper and lower layer foam was not consistent.
Table 5 table of air permeability and molding height test data in experimental example 2.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An organosilicon surfactant for flexible polyurethane foam, characterized in that it has the following general formula: MDxD'yM; wherein M is (CH)3)3SiO1/2Or (CH)3)2RSiO1/2(ii) a D is (CH)3)2SiO2/2(ii) a D' is (CH)3)RSiO2/2(ii) a x + y is 50-120, y is more than or equal to 5, and the ratio of x to y is 10-20: 1; r is polyether.
2. The silicone surfactant according to claim 1, wherein R is present in the silicone surfactant in an amount of 50% to 70% by mass.
3. The silicone surfactant of claim 2, wherein R is at least one polyether selected from the group consisting of:
i. has the general formula of-CnH2n(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)bPolyether of OR'; the number average molecular weight of the polyether is 2500-5000-3(ii) a a is an integer of 9-59, b is an integer of 20-72;
ii. a general formula of-Cn'H2n'(C2H4O)a'(C3H6O)b'Polyether of OR "; the number average molecular weight of the polyether is 300-700, wherein n 'is 2-4, the weight percentage of polyoxyethylene group in the polyether is 60-90%, R' is alkyl with 1-4 carbon atoms or-C (O) CH3A 'is an integer of 3 to 12, b' is an integer of 1 to 5;
iii, a general formula of-Cn”H2n”(C2H4O)a”(C3H6O)bPolyether of "OR'"; the polyether has a number average molecular weight of 1000-2000, wherein n 'is 2-4, the weight of polyoxyethylene group in the polyether is 20-60%, R' is H, alkyl with 1-4 carbon atoms or-C (O) CH3Wherein a 'is an integer of 4 to 23 and b' is an integer of 8 to 28.
4. The silicone surfactant of claim 1, wherein x + y is 80-100 and the ratio of x to y is 13-17: 1.
5. A process for the preparation of the silicone surfactant according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: polysiloxane, polyether and chloroplatinic acid catalyst are placed in a reactor and react for 1-1.5h at the temperature of 90-95 ℃, and a diluent is added into the obtained product to obtain the organic silicon surfactant.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the diluent is at least one of dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene carbonate, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol propyl ether, and cyclotrimethylolpropane formal.
7. A process for preparing a flexible polyurethane foam, which comprises adding the silicone surfactant as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 to a polyurethane foam during the preparation thereof.
8. The method of claim 7 further comprising adding a polyol, a polyisocyanate, and a polyurethane foam reaction catalyst to the foam-forming reaction mixture.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising adding at least one of a filler, a blowing agent, a colorant, a flame retardant, and an antioxidant to the foam-forming reaction mixture.
10. A flexible polyurethane foam produced by the process of any one of claims 7-9, wherein the air permeabilities of the upper and lower layers of the flexible polyurethane foam differ by less than or equal to 10%;
preferably, the flexible polyurethane foam has a density of 17 to 25kg/m3。
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