CN110922277A - Selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts and a preparation method thereof. The compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 280-330 parts of urea, 100-355 parts of potassium sulfate, 120-200 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 80-200 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 40-60 parts of selenium-containing humic acid, 1-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-10 parts of EDTA chelated manganese, 0.1-0.5 part of ammonium molybdate and 1-10 parts of borax. During preparation, humic acid and selenium-containing solution are adsorbed to prepare selenium-containing humic acid, urea is added into a melting tank to be melted, other raw materials except calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are added, the raw materials are uniformly mixed and then granulated, the obtained particles are cooled and screened, then the particles are uniformly mixed with the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and then the selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts is obtained by coating humic acid. The compound fertilizer has a slow release effect, is rich in various medium trace elements and beneficial elements necessary for the growth and development of plants, and promotes the healthy and strong growth of the plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The peanut is one of the important economic crops in China, the fertilizing amount accounts for a large proportion every year, the peanut sowing area accounts for a high proportion in the whole country, but the yield is low. The soil in Hubei is mainly three kinds of soil, namely brown red soil, yellow brown soil and yellow brown soil, and is more suitable for peanut planting. The peanuts become important industries in Hubei province, particularly in Yichang Dangyang areas, but the problems of low yield per unit of peanuts, low quality, insufficient competitiveness and the like still exist at present.
The prior peanut fertilizer has the following problems:
1. fertilizer efficiency: the quality problems of low fertilizer efficiency, low peanut quality caused by low content of trace elements required by peanut nutrition, low oleic acid/linoleic acid (0/L) ratio, poor storability, excessive flavomycin content and pesticide residue, low edible rate, delayed development of deep processing industry and the like become key factors for preventing Chinese peanuts from coping with the international market;
2. the fertilizer utilization rate is as follows: the utilization rate is low, continuous cultivation and continuous large-scale fertilization are performed, so that the growth and development of the peanut is slow, the plants are short, the number of the peanuts is small, the weight of the peanuts is low, the yield of the peanuts is not increased, and the structure of soil is also damaged;
3. and (3) environmental pollution: farmers have large fertilizing amount on the peanut crops, but the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is unreasonable, the soil nutrient is unbalanced, the leaching loss of nitrate causes pollution to underground water, the nitrogen lost by the denitrification causes damage to the atmospheric ozone layer, and the atmospheric pollution is more and more serious due to excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
4. Most slow-release fertilizer envelopes on the market can not be completely degraded, for example, the envelopes of epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and the like can remain in soil to pollute the environment.
The development of suitable fertilizers would be an important way to increase peanut yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts and a preparation method thereof, wherein the compound fertilizer has a slow-release effect, can slowly release required nutrient components according to the growth needs of plants, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, is rich in various medium trace elements and beneficial elements necessary for the growth and development of the plants, and promotes healthy and strong growth of the plants; selenium is introduced into the compound fertilizer to improve the nutritional characteristics of the peanuts and improve the peanut yield.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is that the selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 280-330 parts of urea, 100-355 parts of potassium sulfate, 120-200 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 80-200 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 40-60 parts of selenium-containing humic acid, 1-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-10 parts of EDTA chelated manganese, 0.1-0.5 part of ammonium molybdate and 1-10 parts of borax.
In a preferred scheme, the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 310 parts of urea, 350 parts of potassium sulfate, 170 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 80 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 50 parts of selenium-containing humic acid, 10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 10 parts of EDTA chelated manganese, 0.5 part of ammonium molybdate and 10 parts of borax.
Furthermore, the selenium content in the selenium-containing humic acid is 0.5-1.5 wt%.
Furthermore, the humic acid raw material in the selenium-containing humic acid is weathered coal, and the content of the humic acid in the weathered coal is more than 65wt% on a dry basis.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparing humic acid raw material weathered coal by using selenium-containing humic acid, screening to remove impurities, then crushing and screening, adding a selenium-containing solution for adsorption, and then filtering and drying to obtain selenium-containing humic acid;
2) adding urea into a melting tank for melting, then adding the selenium-containing humic acid obtained in the step 1) and other raw materials of potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, EDTA chelated manganese, borax and ammonium molybdate, uniformly mixing, granulating, cooling and screening the obtained particles, uniformly mixing with a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and coating by using a coating material to obtain the selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts.
Further, in the step 1), the selenium-containing solution is prepared by dissolving selenium in nitric acid, the temperature is 50 ℃ during specific adsorption, the pH is controlled to be 5, the adsorption reaction time is 60-90 min, the drying temperature is 100-110 ℃ during filtration and drying after adsorption is completed, and the drying is carried out until the moisture content is less than 4 wt%.
Further, the temperature for melting the urea is 125-135 ℃, secondary mixing is adopted when the urea is mixed with other raw materials, the mixing temperature is controlled to be 130 +/-5 ℃, and the total mixing time is within 3 min.
Further, upon granulation in step 2), the resulting granules have a particle size <2mm, reaction time: 2-4min, the reaction temperature is 130 +/-5 ℃, and the stirring speed is 45-55 r/min; the steam pressure was 1.0 MPa.
Further, when coating in the step 2), the coating material is humic acid.
Further, uniformly mixing the granules obtained after granulation with a calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer, transferring the mixture into a rotary drum fluidized bed, preheating, spraying a binder, spraying a humic acid coating material onto continuously rolling fertilizer granules, wherein the usage amount of weathered coal accounts for 2-5% of the mass fraction of the granular fertilizer, continuously heating, coating the weathered coal on the moving granular fertilizer after 3-6 min, and curing to form an impact-resistant and wear-resistant coating layer, thus obtaining the humic acid coated slow-release fertilizer after the coating layer is cured.
The normal growth and development of the peanuts need a plurality of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, copper, iron, manganese and the like, and the absorption of the peanuts on the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium with large demand is N>K2O>CaO>P2O5Absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by peanutsThe ratio of calcium is 3: 0.4: 1: 0.6. but the nitrogen supply of the peanuts by rhizobium can reach 70-80%, the nitrogen application level is not high actually, and the nutritional characteristics of potassium and calcium addicted to the peanuts should be highlighted. In addition, peanuts are also required to be urgent and sensitive to boron, molybdenum, iron, manganese, magnesium, sulfur and the like.
The compound fertilizer provided by the invention regulates the supply intensity and the capacity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and essential trace elements according to the stage and the continuity of the peanut nutrition, so that the release promotion and the slow release are coordinated, and a long-acting high-efficiency peanut nutrition complex is developed by controlling the mode of supplementing fertilizer and relieving urgency.
The nitrogen fertilizer should be supplied sufficiently in the seedling stage to promote the growth of seedlings, and the absorption amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium only accounts for 5-10% of the total absorption amount in life. The phosphate fertilizer can lead peanut seeds to germinate early, promote the growth and development of root systems and root nodules, enhance the low temperature and drought resistance of seedlings, promote the peanut to mature, ensure full seeds and improve the pod bearing rate. The potash fertilizer has the effect of promoting the growth of stems, vines, shells and nuts, and has obvious effect of increasing the application of the potash fertilizer in soil with poor fertilizer retention in sandy soil. The calcium fertilizer can make peanut plant strong, increase branches, bear more fruits, plump fruits, white shells and thin peels, and can increase the yield by about 30%. The boron fertilizer can increase the number of nodules and fruits and generally increase the yield by 10%. The molybdenum fertilizer increases the number of nodules, the nodules are formed early, plants are strong, the yield is high, and the kernel yield is high. The zinc fertilizer and iron fertilizer can improve yield and prevent diseases, and the yellow-white leaf disease can be prevented by spraying 0.2% zinc sulfate solution and ferrous sulfate solution on leaves. The peanut has strong fertilizer absorbing capacity, and except for roots, the fruit needles, the young fruits and the leaves can directly absorb nutrients.
The nutrient absorption amount in the flowering period is increased sharply, the absorption of nitrogen accounts for 17% of the total absorption amount of the peanuts, the absorption of phosphorus accounts for 22.6%, and the absorption of potassium accounts for 22.3%; the pod bearing period is the period of the peanuts with the most vigorous vegetative growth and reproductive growth, a large number of pods are formed, and the period of the peanuts with the most nutrient absorption is also the period, wherein the absorption of nitrogen accounts for 42 percent of the total absorption amount of the peanuts, the absorption of phosphorus accounts for 46 percent of the total absorption amount of the peanuts, and the absorption of potassium accounts for 60 percent of the total absorption amount of the peanuts; the nutrient absorption capacity of the peanuts in the full fruit and mature period is gradually weakened, and the nitrogen absorption accounts for 28 percent of the total weight of the peanuts, the phosphorus accounts for 22 percent of the total weight of the peanuts, and the potassium accounts for 7 percent of the total weight of the peanuts.
Agronomic studies of peanuts have shown that nitrogen (N)50 E.E.every 1000 kg of peanut pods are produced68 kg of phosphorus (P)2O5)10 to 13 kilograms of potassium (K)2O)20 to 38 kilograms, with an uptake ratio of about 1: 0.19: 0.49. the peanut also has great absorption of calcium and magnesium, but calcium, magnesium and potassium elements are mutually antagonistic, and more magnesium and potassium elements have less calcium, so that the peanut calcium deficiency can be caused. The seasonal absorption utilization rates of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by the peanuts are 41.8-50.4%, 15.0-25.0% and 45.0-60.0%, respectively. Therefore, the absorption utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is extremely obviously and negatively correlated with the nitrogen application amount, and the loss rate is extremely obviously and positively correlated with the nitrogen application amount. The nitrogen source in peanut plants is 80.76% under the conditions of medium fertility, sandy loam and no fertilization; applying 37.5 to 225 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare, wherein the nitrogen supply rate of rhizobia is 24.44 to 70.54 percent; the nitrogen supply rate of the fertilizer is 6.37-26.52%, and the nitrogen supply rate of the soil is 23.09-49.04%. Therefore, the nitrogen supply of rhizobia and the nitrogen application amount are in extremely obvious negative correlation, and the nitrogen supply of fertilizer and soil and the nitrogen application amount are in extremely obvious positive correlation. From the above results, we determined that peanut application N, P2O5、K2The experimental formula of O is 15: 7: 18.
the peanut has strong fertilizer absorbing capacity. The absorption amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the seedling stage accounts for 5 to 7.6 percent of the total amount of absorbed nutrients in the whole growth period. The flowering phase is the period of vigorous vegetative growth and reproductive growth, the pod bearing phase is the peak period of vegetative growth of peanuts, and the period of the growth center changing from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The absorption amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the full fruit and mature period is rapidly reduced. It is thus seen that the application of sufficient base fertilizer is extremely important. In addition, a certain amount of various nutrient elements such as calcium, boron, magnesium, sulfur, molybdenum and the like are absorbed. The reasonable nutrient management is not only beneficial to the growth of the peanuts, but also can reduce the problems of pollution and waste caused by blind fertilization and excessive investment, and is very important for improving the economic benefit and protecting the ecological environment. The sulfur application can promote the improvement of the peanut setting rate and the weight of the hundred fruits, and can promote the improvement of the plumpness rate, the weight of the hundred fruits, the weight of the hundred kernels and the kernel yield. The calcium application can improve the content of fat and protein in the peanut kernels, improve the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid (O/L) in the fat, and the boron application can improve the kernel weight and the kernel yield of the peanuts, reduce the blighted fruit rate and improve the yield of the peanuts; applying molybdenum to improve the content of essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, sweet potato acid, palmitic acid and the like, and reduce the content of crude fat and stearic acid. One of the key measures for promoting the high yield and high quality of peanuts. The zinc application investment is low, the effect is greatly improved, the yield and the character of peanut plants can be obviously improved, and the effective number of single plants, the weight of hundreds of fruits and the weight of hundreds of kernels can be increased.
Selenium is a trace element necessary for human health, and the enrichment capacity of peanuts on the selenium element is the highest in conventional agricultural products and is stronger than that of other cruciferous plants. The selenium in the peanut kernels is mainly obtained by absorbing selenium element from soil through peanut root systems and then enriching the selenium element into the peanut kernels through absorption and transformation, so that the utilization rate of the selenium is high.
By utilizing the characteristic, the trace element selenium is added into the fertilizer, so that the nutritional characteristic of the peanuts is improved, and the yield of the peanuts is increased.
Nitrogen fertilizer production plays a crucial role in the fertilizer industry. There are many kinds of nitrogen fertilizers, and they are roughly classified into ammonium nitrogen fertilizers, nitrate nitrogen fertilizers and amide nitrogen fertilizers according to the form of nitrogen contained therein. The selection of a proper nitrogen source in industrial mass production is extremely important, and the production fluency is greatly influenced. Because ammonium nitrate is sensitive to drying temperature, ammonium chloride is easy to absorb moisture, and the mixing performance of ammonium carbonate is poor, urea is selected as a main nitrogen source in the compound fertilizer, and the addition of part of ammonium nitrate and phosphorus is beneficial to improving the fertilizer efficiency. The urea is melted by the dissolving tank and mixed with other materials, urea melt liquid is a raw material in the granulation process, is used as a liquid phase and a binder to participate in granulation, and provides certain heat to heat the materials, so that the moisture content of the granulation is minimized, and the granulation and drying processes are convenient to carry out.
Phosphoric acid is the main phosphorus source of the compound fertilizer, and other raw materials comprise monoammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, superphosphate, diammonium phosphate and the like, and different production processes and technical indexes have different requirements on the raw materials. A certain amount of calcium element is needed for the growth of the peanuts, the absorption amount of the calcium element is second to the absorption amount of the peanuts to a large amount of nitrogen and potassium elements, and the absorption amount is third, so that monoammonium phosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate are selected as phosphorus sources.
The choice of potassium source is relatively simple because potassium sources are only two broad classes of chlorine-based and non-chlorine-based. Potassium chloride is the mainstream of potassium source because of its low cost; the potassium nitrate is high in price and is only selected in special varieties; potassium sulfate is generally applied to some sulfur-loving crops. The sulfur has close relationship with the growth of the peanuts. Sulfur is an essential element for protein synthesis, and 1 part of sulfur is needed for assimilation of 15 parts of nitrogen in peanut synthetic protein. The sulfur can also promote the root nodule formation and enhance the erosion resistance of the ovary stalk, so that the peanuts are not easy to drop and rot. In the absence of sulfur, the chlorophyll content is reduced, the color of the leaves turns yellow, the leaves turn yellow and white when serious, and the service life of the leaves is shortened. Peanut sulfur deficiency is difficult to distinguish from nitrogen deficiency, except that the sulfur deficiency symptoms are first manifested in the tip leaves. Therefore, the formula of the product selects potassium sulfate as a potassium source.
Humic acid is a macromolecular natural organic weak acid composed of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and the like, and is a polycondensate of a polyvalent phenol aromatic compound and a nitride. The weathered coal with high humic acid content contains various active functional groups such as phenolic hydroxyl, carboxyl and the like, is brown powder or granular in appearance, and has a humic acid content of more than or equal to 65 percent on a dry basis. Humic acid can stimulate the growth of crops, inhibit urease, delay fertilizer efficiency and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, humic acid is adopted for pretreatment to adsorb selenium element, and the humic acid coating material is used for coating, so that the activity of urease is inhibited, urea hydrolysis is slowed down, nitrogen volatilization is prevented, nitrogen supply is delayed, nitrification is inhibited, loss is prevented, stable nitrogen supply is maintained, the nitrogen form proportion is synergistically inhibited, the total amount of effective nitrogen is increased, and meanwhile, trace element selenium is provided for crops. The selenium-containing humic acid can slow down the hydrolysis speed of urea and reduce NH by inhibiting the activity of urease, nitrobacteria and nitrosobacteria in soil3Volatile and NO3 －The leaching loss is reduced, and the utilization rate of nitrogen in the fertilizer is improved. Meanwhile, humic acid has a protective effect on available phosphorus, can reduce fixation of soil on available phosphorus and promote absorption and utilization of phosphate fertilizer. The acid functional group of humic acid adsorbs and stores potassium ions, which can not only prevent soil potassium from losing with water, but also prevent clay mineral from fixing potassium. In addition, some components in humic acid and oneThe low molecular humic acid has a certain corrosion action on minerals containing potassium silicate, potassium feldspar and the like, can be slowly decomposed to increase the release of potassium, and improve the level of the effective potassium content of soil.
Humic acid is a slow release agent and a stabilizing agent of a nitrogen fertilizer, a synergist of a phosphate fertilizer, a protective agent of a potassium fertilizer, a conditioner and a chelating agent of medium and trace elements, and has a synergistic effect on the fertilizer. In addition, the humic acid can also improve the stress resistance of crops such as drought resistance, cold resistance, salt and alkali resistance and the like. Humic acid is used as a coating material and added into a compound fertilizer to prepare the humic acid coated compound fertilizer, and the fixation and loss of available nutrients can be reduced after the humic acid coated compound fertilizer is applied to soil, so that the humic acid coated compound fertilizer is a good soil conditioner.
The selenium-containing humic acid not only has the functions of common humic acid, but also provides trace element selenium which can not be provided for crops in common humic acid fertilizer. Selenium is adsorbed into humic acid to form selenium-containing humic acid, so that the slow release of the selenium is promoted, the selenium can be quickly enriched into peanut kernels in a pod setting period, and the selenium content in the peanut kernels is increased.
On the basis of the balanced peanut fertilization principle, the compound fertilizer realizes the basic synchronization of nutrient supply in the fertilizer and the peanut fertilizer requirement rule through the organic combination of the slow-release fertilizer coating and the coating material, and achieves the aims of reducing the production cost and protecting the environment. The regulation type slow release fertilizer which can ensure sufficient and proper nutrient supply of the peanuts in the whole growth period by one-time fertilization is formed, and the aim of meeting the requirement of the peanuts on nutrients in each growth stage by one-time fertilization is fulfilled.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
the selenium-rich humic acid slow release compound fertilizer for peanut comprises the following raw materials of, by weight, 310Kg of urea, 350Kg of potassium sulfate, 170Kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 80Kg of monoammonium phosphate, 50Kg of selenium-containing humic acid, 10Kg of ferrous sulfate, 10Kg of zinc sulfate, 10Kg of EDTA chelated manganese, 0.5Kg of ammonium molybdate and 10Kg of borax.
Selenium in the selenium-containing humic acid is 0.5Kg, the specific humic acid is weathered coal, and the dry-base humic acid content in the weathered coal is 65 percent.
The method comprises the steps of crushing weathered coal, sieving the weathered coal with a 120-200-mesh sieve, enabling the weathered coal to enter a dissolving tank, dissolving selenium with nitric acid, adding the selenium into the dissolving tank, carrying out adsorption reaction at the temperature of 50 ℃ and the pH value of 5 for 60-90 min, filtering the selenium, enabling the selenium to enter a dryer for drying, controlling the drying temperature to be 100-110 ℃, obtaining selenium humic acid when the moisture is less than 4% after drying, and enabling the selenium humic acid to enter a slurry mixing tank of a high tower system for mixing through a feeder and a belt scale.
Metering urea, adding the urea into a melting tank, controlling the temperature to be about 130 ℃, adding selenium-containing humic acid, potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, EDTA chelated manganese, borax and ammonium molybdate into the urea, uniformly stirring and mixing, and performing primary mixing and secondary mixing, wherein the temperature control and time control are technical keys and are consistent with the granulation of a high tower, the mixing temperature is controlled to be 130 +/-5 ℃, and the time is within 3min, so that the content of biuret can be reduced. When mixing, molten urea solution and other materials react in a mixing tank to generate NPK eutectic with good fluidity, the NPK eutectic is sprayed into a compound fertilizer granulation tower through a spray nozzle, when spray drop drops in the granulation tower and passes through rising air flow, the spray drop drops are cooled and solidified into particle cores in the air to obtain compound fertilizer with uniform nutrient distribution and better particle shape, the particle materials coming out of the granulation tower are cooled and screened, and the screened large particle residual materials are crushed and then are weighed with small particle materials, and then return to granulation again. Uniformly mixing the screened qualified particle cores with a calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer in a metered proportional amount, carrying out metering proportioning after the treatment of a humic acid coating process, and packaging and warehousing; the tail gas or dust discharged from the processes of raw material, granulation and cooling is treated by a box-type settling chamber and then discharged after reaching the standard. Under the action of the temperature of the molten and solid materials and the mechanical stirring, the materials are quickly compounded into a low-temperature eutectic body with certain fluidity, when spray drops fall in a granulation tower and pass through rising air flow, the eutectic body is cooled and solidified to form particles, the particles can be granulated, a special internal-heat granulation nozzle is adopted for spray granulation, and then the particles are uniformly coated with a coating material.
In the specific coating process, humic acid is adopted for coating, qualified intermediate particles from a screening system and calcium-magnesia-phosphate fertilizer added according to the amount are uniformly mixed and then transferred into a rotary drum fluidized bed, and a binder is sprayed after preheating, so that the binder is coated on the surfaces of continuously rolling fertilizer particles and is gradually wrapped to form a uniform liquid layer; spraying weathered coal on continuously rolling fertilizer particles, wherein the using amount of the weathered coal accounts for 2-5% of the mass fraction of the fertilizer particles, continuously heating, and after 3-6 min, wrapping the weathered coal on the moving fertilizer particles and curing to form an impact-resistant and wear-resistant coating layer, namely finishing primary coating; and repeating the operations in sequence until all weathered coal is coated on the fertilizer particles, and curing the coating layer to obtain the humic acid coated slow-release fertilizer. Then further cooling, screening, metering and packaging to form the humic acid functional special fertilizer with smooth and mellow appearance and needle hole shape.
The technical indexes of the granulation technology are as follows:
granulation particle < phi 2mm
Reaction time: about 3min
Reaction temperature: 130 +/-5 DEG C
Stirring speed: 45-55 r/min;
steam pressure: about 1.0Mpa
Coating technical index
The particle size of the weathered coal is less than or equal to 240 meshes
Adhesive quality: the weathered coal has the mass of 1/3-1
Coating temperature; 70-80 DEG C
The selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts is obtained.
Example 2:
the selenium-rich humic acid slow release compound fertilizer for peanut comprises the following raw materials of, by weight, 280Kg of urea, 120Kg of potassium sulfate, 120Kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 100Kg of monoammonium phosphate and 40Kg of selenium-containing humic acid, wherein 0.8 wt% of selenium, 5Kg of ferrous sulfate, 1Kg of zinc sulfate, 8Kg of EDTA chelated manganese, 0.3Kg of ammonium molybdate and 4Kg of borax. The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3:
a selenium-rich humic acid slow release compound fertilizer for peanuts comprises, by weight, 330Kg of urea, 300Kg of potassium sulfate, 200Kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 200Kg of monoammonium phosphate, and 60Kg of selenium-containing humic acid, wherein 0.6 wt% of selenium, 3Kg of ferrous sulfate, 5Kg of zinc sulfate, 5Kg of EDTA chelated manganese, 0.2Kg of ammonium molybdate, and 8Kg of borax. The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example:
the selenium-rich humic acid slow release compound fertilizer for peanut comprises the following raw materials of, by weight, 310Kg of urea, 350Kg of potassium sulfate, 170Kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 80Kg of monoammonium phosphate, 0.5Kg of selenium, 10Kg of ferrous sulfate, 10Kg of zinc sulfate, 10Kg of EDTA chelated manganese, 0.5Kg of ammonium molybdate and 10Kg of borax.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1 except that selenium is dissolved in nitric acid and then mixed with other materials.
The selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts produced in the embodiment 1 of the invention is adopted for field experiments:
test work: china No. 5;
fertilizer to be tested: the invention provides a selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts, a Strobilanthus peanut special fertilizer (15-7-18, S), a Strobilanthus compound fertilizer (18-18-18), a Strobilanthus compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and a compound fertilizer provided in a comparative example.
Test site and test land
The test sites were carried out in peanut crop areas in Sanyo county, Jingmen, Hubei province. The soil is sandy soil, the sandy soil refers to soil with 80% of sand content and about 20% of clay, and the sandy loam is soil between loam and sandy soil. The soil nutrient content is as follows: the organic matter content is 0.98 percent, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 70ppm, the quick-acting phosphorus is 10.5ppm, the quick-acting potassium is 58ppm, the soil has no saline and alkaline or slight saline and alkaline, and the salt content of the soil is below 0.1 percent.
Test method
Four treatments are designed in an experiment, wherein the treatment A is the selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts provided by the invention, the treatment B is a Strobilanthus peanut special fertilizer (15-7-18, S), the treatment C is a Strobilanthus compound fertilizer (18-18-18, Cl), the treatment D is a Strobilanthus compound fertilizer (15-15-15), the treatment E is a compound fertilizer provided in a comparative example, and the treatment F is a blank control and is randomly arranged.
The treatment A and the treatment E are used as base fertilizers for one time by utilizing the sowing and fertilizing integrated machine when the peanuts are sowed; and the treatment B, the treatment C and the treatment D are respectively applied by base fertilizer and additional fertilizer twice, the fertilizer application proportion is 55 percent of the base fertilizer and 45 percent of the additional fertilizer during the fertilizer application, and the fertilizer nutrient application amount is kept consistent.
The periphery of the test field is protected, and the external conditions of the test fields treated differently are kept consistent. The total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied to each mu is the same, the area of each processing area is 13.3 square meters, the field is randomly arranged and repeated for three times, the sowing period is 4 months and 6 days, the ridging and the ridge width are 85 cm, two rows of peanuts are planted on the ridges, the average row spacing is 42.5 cm, the pier spacing is 16.5 cm, two plants per pier are planted, the planting density is 9500 piers/mu, the mulching film covers the field, and other fields manage the same field. The harvest period is 8 months and 29 days, and the economic character determination and yield result analysis of peanuts are carried out indoors after harvest.
Results of the experiment
TABLE 1 economic traits of the individual treated peanuts
As can be seen from Table 1, the peanuts treated with A exhibited the fastest emergence and the strongest seedling vigor, while the peanuts treated with E exhibited the worst growth vigor, and the peanuts treated with F (blank control). From the economic characteristics, the number of single plants, the plumpness and the rate of double kernels (including multiple kernels) of the treatment A are respectively 24.2, 86.1 and 81.2, and the number of single plants, the plumpness and the rate of double kernels of the treatment E are respectively 22.6, 82.4 and 78.1. Therefore, the selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts treated by the treatment A has high nutrient utilization rate and balanced proportion, and obviously promotes the nutrient growth of the peanuts.
TABLE 2 peanut yield analysis table
Note: different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05)
As can be seen from table 2, the reduced drying rate of the peanuts in treatment a was 46.3%, the kernel yield was 69.5%, which was higher than those in treatments E and B, and was significantly higher than those in treatments C, D and F, and the reduced drying rate and kernel yield did not reach significant differences in treatments C, D and F. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in yield between treatments, with the highest yield of peanuts for treatment A, 478.4kg of pods per mu, reaching a significant level, followed by treatment E, and lower pods per mu for the other treatments. Therefore, the yield increasing effect of the selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts treated by the treatment A is most obvious.
TABLE 3 statistical table of the oil yield of the peanuts treated differently
Note: negative values in the table indicate reductions
As can be seen from the third table, the oil yield of the peanuts treated by A, B, E is significantly improved compared with that of the peanuts treated by C, D, F, the average oil yield is improved by more than 5-6 percent, however, the oil yield of C, D, F is not obviously different and has no statistical significance, and the oil yield of the peanuts treated by A, B, E can be significantly improved.
TABLE 4 determination of selenium content and related indicators for differently treated peanuts
| Detecting items | Treatment A | Treatment B | Treatment E |
| Crude fat content | 47.36 | 40.51 | 42.32 |
| Water content | 1.87 | 3.74 | 3.15 |
| Inorganic selenium accounts for the percentage of the total selenium | 18.40 | － | 40.68 |
| The organic selenium accounts for the percentage of the total selenium | 81.60 | － | 59.32 |
Note: in the table "-" means none or a very small amount
As can be seen from Table 4, the crude fat content of the treated A peanuts was higher than that of the treated E and B, and the moisture content was lower than that of the treated E and B, further demonstrating that the treated A peanuts had a higher oil yield than the treated E; selenium in peanuts is present in both inorganic and organic species, and it can also be seen from table 4 that the majority of selenium in peanuts in treatment a is present in the organic form, higher than in treatment E.
After different fertilizers are treated, the stem height, the lateral branch length and the like of the peanuts are obviously increased, the growth of the plants is promoted, and the special selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for the peanuts is especially obvious after being treated. The selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts has a slow-release effect by using the humic acid coating, can slowly release required nutrient components according to the growth needs of plants, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, is rich in various medium trace elements and beneficial elements necessary for the growth and development of the plants, and promotes the healthy and strong growth of the plants.
The contents of peanut protein and polysaccharide and the composition and balance of fatty acid are important indexes for evaluating the nutritional quality of peanuts, and from the proportion of organic selenium and inorganic selenium in the peanuts, the peanuts are known to have an enrichment effect on selenium, researchers generally think that the organic selenium has lower toxicity than the inorganic selenium, most selenium in the peanuts exists in an organic form, in addition, the content of the fatty acid in the peanuts treated by the selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for the peanuts is far higher than that of the fatty acid in other treatments, the fatty acid cannot block the arteries like saturated fat, but has the reputation of 'arterial scavenger', the contents of total cholesterol and harmful cholesterol can be obviously reduced, and the peanut humic acid has a good prevention effect on cardiovascular diseases. The peanut has obviously improved nutritional quality, and simultaneously, the disease resistance and stress resistance of the peanut are enhanced.
Therefore, the special selenium-rich humic acid slow release fertilizer for peanuts can well promote the growth and development of the peanuts, can improve the yield of the peanuts, improve the nutritional quality of the peanuts, has obvious yield and quality increasing effects and obvious economic benefit, and is worthy of vigorous popularization.
Claims (10)
1. The selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for the peanuts is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 280-330 parts of urea, 100-355 parts of potassium sulfate, 120-200 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 80-200 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 40-60 parts of selenium-containing humic acid, 1-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-10 parts of EDTA chelated manganese, 0.1-0.5 part of ammonium molybdate and 1-10 parts of borax.
2. Compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 310 parts of urea, 350 parts of potassium sulfate, 170 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 80 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 50 parts of selenium-containing humic acid, 10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 10 parts of EDTA chelated manganese, 0.5 part of ammonium molybdate and 10 parts of borax.
3. Compound fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the selenium-containing humic acid contains 0.5-1.5wt% of selenium.
4. Compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the humic acid raw material in the selenium-containing humic acid is weathered coal, and the content of the humic acid in the weathered coal is more than 65wt% on a dry basis.
5. A process for the preparation of a compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) preparing humic acid raw material weathered coal from selenium-containing humic acid, screening to remove impurities, then crushing and screening, adding a selenium-containing solution for adsorption, and then filtering and drying to obtain selenium-containing humic acid;
2) adding urea into a melting tank for melting, then adding the selenium-containing humic acid obtained in the step 1) and other raw materials of potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, EDTA chelated manganese, borax and ammonium molybdate, uniformly mixing, granulating, cooling and screening the obtained particles, uniformly mixing with a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and coating by using a coating material to obtain the selenium-rich humic acid slow-release compound fertilizer for peanuts.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the step 1), the selenium-containing solution is prepared by dissolving selenium in nitric acid, the temperature is 50 ℃ during specific adsorption, the pH is controlled to be 5, the adsorption reaction time is 60-90 min, the drying temperature is 100-110 ℃ during filtration and drying after adsorption is finished, and the drying is carried out until the moisture is less than 4 wt%.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein: the melting temperature of the urea is 125-135 ℃, secondary mixing is adopted when the urea is mixed with other raw materials, the mixing temperature is controlled to be 130 +/-5 ℃, and the total mixing time is within 3 min.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein: during granulation in step 2), the particle size of the obtained granules is less than 2mm, the reaction time is as follows: 2-4min, the reaction temperature is 130 +/-5 ℃, and the stirring speed is 45-55 r/min; the steam pressure was 1.0 MPa.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein: during the coating in the step 2), the coating material is humic acid.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: uniformly mixing the granules obtained after granulation with a calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer, transferring the mixture into a rotary drum fluidized bed, preheating, spraying a binder, spraying a humic acid coating material onto continuously rolling fertilizer granules, wherein the consumption of weathered coal accounts for 2-5% of the mass fraction of the granular fertilizer, continuously heating, coating the weathered coal on the moving granular fertilizer after 3-6 min, and curing to form an impact-resistant and wear-resistant coating layer, thus obtaining the humic acid coated slow-release fertilizer after the coating layer is cured.
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| CN111320506A (en) * | 2020-03-28 | 2020-06-23 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Peanut fertilizer composition, preparation method and fertilizing method |
| CN112110767A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-22 | 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer containing active factors and preparation and application thereof |
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