CN110918058A - Biochar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- CN110918058A CN110918058A CN201911240249.9A CN201911240249A CN110918058A CN 110918058 A CN110918058 A CN 110918058A CN 201911240249 A CN201911240249 A CN 201911240249A CN 110918058 A CN110918058 A CN 110918058A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cellulose-containing materials, and discloses biochar and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biochar comprises, by mass, 30-45 parts of orange peel, 15-25 parts of sawdust, 10-20 parts of peanut shell, 8-15 parts of coconut shell, 12-23 parts of agricultural waste, 5-8 parts of active group-containing active agent and 3-5 parts of catalyst. The biochar disclosed by the invention is wide in raw material source and low in cost, and can be used for recycling waste resources by utilizing wastes such as corn straws and wood chips, so that the resource utilization rate is improved. Meanwhile, the preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple in process, various devices are not needed, the fixed carbon yield is high, the ash content yield is low, and the heat value of the biomass charcoal is large.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cellulose-containing materials, and particularly relates to biochar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Currently, the current state of the art commonly used in the industry is such that: with the rapid development of modern industrial and agricultural industries, heavy metal pollutants enter water bodies in various forms through ore resource mining, metal processing and smelting, waste water discharge, fuel combustion, household garbage abandonment and the like. Because of chain reaction under the action of food chain, heavy metals can be gradually enriched to the next nutrition level and finally enter into the body to damage various functions of the human body. More importantly, the main characteristics of heavy metal pollution are the concealment of the pollution, long duration, irreversible conversion, wide pollution range and the like. Therefore, the problem of heavy metal pollution which is difficult to treat is generated.
In the course of agricultural economic development, the amount of waste generated and discharged during agricultural production activities is increasing continuously, behind the increasing crop yield. The agricultural and forestry biomass wastes such as crop straws, rice husks and wood chips are large in quantity and wide in source, account for 60% of the total mass energy resources, and are the fourth largest energy next to coal, petroleum and natural gas in the world at present. The crop straw yield is up to 40 hundred million t every year around the world. However, the agricultural wastes are incinerated at will and discharged into a river channel, which causes serious pollution problems. Therefore, the harm brought by agricultural wastes is increasingly prominent, and the resource utilization of the agricultural wastes should be paid attention. The heavy metal pollution problem of the water body caused by human activities causes a great deal of trouble to the ecological environment and the human health. In recent years, the technology of charcoal adsorption is gradually developed, and the technology has considerable benefits for ecological environment.
Biochar refers to a solid product produced by high-temperature thermal cracking of biological organic materials (i.e., biomass) in an oxygen-deficient or anaerobic environment. The solid carbonized products can be used as a regulator of efficient energy and acid soil, can also be used as an organic reducing agent, a carrier of chemical fertilizer, a carbon dioxide sealing agent in nature and the like, are widely applied to the aspects of carbon fixation emission reduction, water source purification, heavy metal adsorption, soil improvement and the like, and provide effective relieving and solving measures for the hot problems concerned by human beings such as global climate deterioration, natural environment pollution, agricultural land function degradation and the like to a certain extent.
The biochar is widely used for life (such as the food industries of burning, roasting, rinsing and the like); in the aspect of agriculture, the biomass charcoal has the characteristics of improving soil, promoting the formation of soil aggregates, having a regulation and control effect on soil biological ecology and the like, and simultaneously can reduce the content of heavy metals in the soil, thereby being greatly beneficial to promoting the growth of crops in the soil; in the aspect of industrial production, the biochar is widely applied in industries such as metal smelting and the like.
The biomass carbonization technology can be divided into different types according to different dividing methods. According to the continuity of the process, the carbonization can be divided into discontinuous carbonization, semi-continuous carbonization and continuous carbonization; the carbonization steps can be divided into a one-step carbonization method and a two-step carbonization method; the method can be divided into catalytic carbonization and non-catalytic carbonization according to whether a catalyst exists; the heating method can be divided into an internal heating type and an external heating type; according to the carbonization temperature, the method can be divided into low-temperature carbonization, medium-temperature carbonization and high-temperature carbonization. However, the above carbonization methods are complicated in process, high in equipment cost, and low in yield. In the biomass carbonization process, the bonds of the biomass are broken to produce partial tar and combustible gas (CO, CH 4 and the like), the conversion rate of the biomass converted into the biochar is 30-40% by using the traditional baking technology, the conversion rate is low, energy is wasted, and large environmental pollution can be caused.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the existing energy still depends on energy such as coal and the like, so that pollution is easily caused; the existing preparation method of the biochar has the disadvantages of complex process, high equipment cost and low yield.
(2) In the carbonization process of biomass by the traditional baking technology, the conversion rate of the biomass into the biochar is 30-40%, the conversion rate is low, energy is wasted, and great environmental pollution is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a biochar and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following steps that the biochar comprises, by mass, 30-45 parts of orange peel, 15-25 parts of wood chips, 10-20 parts of peanut shells, 8-15 parts of coconut shells, 12-23 parts of agricultural wastes, 5-8 parts of active group-containing active agents and 3-5 parts of catalysts.
Further, the agricultural waste is at least one of corn straw, wheat straw, cotton straw, pumpkin straw, tree pruning branches and agaric fungus chaff.
Further, the active agent containing active groups is one of carboxylic acid, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, acrylic acid modified resin or polycarboxylic acid.
Further, the catalyst is one of a potassium salt, a calcium salt, a transition metal salt, a metal oxide or a molecular sieve catalyst.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a biochar preparation method for preparing the biochar, the biochar preparation method comprising the steps of:
weighing orange peel, sawdust, peanut shell, coconut shell, agricultural wastes, an active agent and a catalyst in proportion; and cleaning and drying the raw materials except the activator and the catalyst.
Step two, mixing and crushing the air-dried raw materials by utilizing manual crushing and mechanical crushing; sieving with 80-120 mesh sieve, and pulverizing the large raw materials.
And step three, drying the screened materials by using a roller dryer, and simultaneously separating by using an induced draft fan to obtain light particles for later use.
And step four, uniformly mixing the dehydrated and dried light particles obtained in the step three with an active group-containing active agent and a catalyst, and feeding the mixture into a high-pressure forming machine for press forming.
And step five, placing the formed raw material in a porcelain crucible, covering a cover, placing the crucible in a muffle furnace or a tubular furnace, slowly and stably heating to a specified temperature, and carbonizing for 6-8 hours.
And step six, fully covering the porcelain crucible with the raw materials by using fine sand, and naturally cooling the porcelain crucible to room temperature.
And step seven, taking out the substances in the porcelain crucible, and sieving the substances through a 100-sand 120-mesh sieve to obtain the biochar.
Further, in the first step, the raw materials except the activator and the catalyst are washed by tap water and then washed by distilled water for 2 to 3 times; putting the raw materials cleaned by distilled water into an oven, and drying for 12-24 hours at 65-85 ℃.
Further, in the third step, the wind speed and flow rate of the induced draft fan are 20000-3The rotation speed is 1100-1200r/min and the total pressure is 1600-2000 Pa.
Further, in the fourth step, after the activator is added, the temperature range set by the high-pressure forming machine is 200-600 ℃, and the pressure range is 0.01-10.0 MPa.
Further, in the fifth step, the slowly and stably raising the temperature specifically includes: the temperature is uniformly and slowly increased to 600 ℃ at the temperature increase rate of 7 ℃ per minute.
Further, in the fifth step, the molded raw material is slowly heated to 600 ℃ under the atmosphere of inert gas, and the temperature is kept at 600 ℃ for 1-2 hours; then the temperature is raised from 600 ℃ to 800 ℃ and kept for 2.5 to 3.5 hours, and then the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature in the atmosphere of ammonia gas.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the biochar disclosed by the invention is wide in raw material source and low in cost, and can be used for recycling waste resources by utilizing wastes such as corn straws and wood chips, so that the resource utilization rate is improved. Meanwhile, the preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple in process, various devices are not needed, the fixed carbon yield is high, the ash content yield is low, and the heat value of the biomass charcoal is large. The raw materials used in the invention are rich and cheap, farmland biomass waste is recycled, the active agent containing active groups is added in biomass carbonization, the side reaction can be effectively inhibited, the biomass is subjected to solid solution carbonization by matching with the catalyst, the coal conversion rate is improved, and the carbonization process is clean and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing biochar according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The technical scheme and the technical effect of the invention are explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings.
The biochar provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by mass, 30-45 parts of orange peel, 15-25 parts of wood chips, 10-20 parts of peanut shell, 8-15 parts of coconut shell, 12-23 parts of agricultural waste, 5-8 parts of active group-containing active agent and 3-5 parts of catalyst.
The agricultural waste provided by the invention is at least one of corn straw, wheat straw, cotton straw, pumpkin straw, tree pruning branches and agaric fungus chaff.
The active agent containing active groups is one of carboxylic acid, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, acrylic acid modified resin or polycarboxylic acid.
The catalyst provided by the invention is one of potassium salt, calcium salt, transition metal salt, metal oxide or molecular sieve catalyst.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for preparing biochar provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: weighing orange peel, sawdust, peanut shell, coconut shell, agricultural wastes, an active agent and a catalyst in proportion; and cleaning and drying the raw materials except the activator and the catalyst.
S102: mixing and crushing the air-dried raw materials by manual crushing and mechanical crushing; sieving with 80-120 mesh sieve, and pulverizing the large raw materials.
S103: and drying the screened materials by using a drum dryer, and simultaneously separating by using a draught fan to obtain light particles for later use.
S104: and (4) uniformly mixing the dehydrated and dried light particles obtained in the step (S103), an active agent containing active groups and a catalyst, and feeding the mixture into a high-pressure forming machine for press forming.
S105: placing the formed raw material in a porcelain crucible, covering the porcelain crucible with a cover, placing the porcelain crucible in a muffle furnace or a tubular furnace, slowly and stably heating to a specified temperature, and carbonizing for 6-8 hours.
S106: the porcelain crucible with the raw materials is fully covered by fine sand, and the porcelain crucible is naturally cooled to room temperature.
S107: taking out the substances in the porcelain crucible, and sieving the substances through a sieve with 100-plus-120 meshes to obtain the biochar.
In S101 provided by the invention, the raw materials except the activator and the catalyst are washed by tap water and then washed by distilled water for 2-3 times; putting the raw materials cleaned by distilled water into an oven, and drying for 12-24 hours at 65-85 ℃.
In S103 provided by the invention, the wind speed flow of the induced draft fan is 20000-3The rotation speed is 1100-1200r/min and the total pressure is 1600-2000 Pa.
In S104 provided by the invention, after the activator is added, the temperature range set by the high-pressure forming machine is 200-600 ℃, and the pressure range is 0.01-10.0 MPa.
In S105 provided by the present invention, the slowly and stably raising the temperature specifically includes: the temperature is uniformly and slowly increased to 600 ℃ at the temperature increase rate of 7 ℃ per minute.
In S105 provided by the invention, the molded raw material is slowly heated to 600 ℃ under the inert gas atmosphere, and is kept at 600 ℃ for 1-2 hours; then the temperature is raised from 600 ℃ to 800 ℃ and kept for 2.5 to 3.5 hours, and then the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature in the atmosphere of ammonia gas.
The technical solution and technical effects of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Determination of biochar yield
The dry weight of the biochar produced was weighed and the yields of different biochar were calculated.
The calculation formula is as follows:
(2) determination of ash content of biochar
Grinding the biochar, sieving the biochar by a 100-mesh sieve, weighing l.0g (weighed to 0.02g) of crushed biochar, placing the crushed biochar at the bottom of a porcelain crucible, placing the crushed biochar in a muffle furnace through an opening, ashing for 6 hours at 750 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, and weighing the dry weight.
The calculation formula is as follows:
(3) determination of pH of biochar
Weighing 2.50g (+ -0.01 g) of undried biochar, placing in a 100ml conical flask, adding 50ml of boiled and cooled deionized water, heating and gently boiling for 5min, adding evaporated water, filtering, discarding 5ml of primary filtrate, cooling the residual liquid to room temperature, and measuring pH value with a pH meter.
TABLE 1 characteristics of biochar preparation
Example 2
The biochar preparation method provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing orange peel, sawdust, peanut shell, coconut shell, agricultural wastes, an active agent and a catalyst in proportion; cleaning raw materials except for an active agent and a catalyst by using tap water, and then cleaning for 2 times by using distilled water; the raw material washed with distilled water was placed in an oven and dried at 65 ℃ for 12 hours.
(2) Mixing and crushing the air-dried raw materials by manual crushing and mechanical crushing; sieving with 80 mesh sieve, and pulverizing the large raw material again.
(3) The materials after being screened are dried by the drum dryer, and the materials are separated by the induced draft fan, wherein the air speed and the flow of the induced draft fan are 20000m3The rotation speed is 1100r/min, and the total pressure is 1600 Pa; then taking the light particles for standby.
(4) And (4) uniformly mixing the dehydrated and dried light particles obtained in the step (3), an active agent containing active groups and a catalyst, setting the temperature range of a high-pressure forming machine to be 200 ℃ and the pressure range to be 0.01MPa, and feeding the mixed raw materials into a high-pressure forming machine for compression forming.
(5) Placing the formed raw material in a porcelain crucible, covering the porcelain crucible with a cover, placing the porcelain crucible in a muffle furnace or a tube furnace, uniformly and slowly heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 7 ℃ per minute, and carbonizing for 6 hours. Keeping the temperature at 600 ℃ for 1 hour; then the temperature is raised from 600 ℃ to 800 ℃ and kept for 2.5 hours, and then the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature in the atmosphere of ammonia gas.
(6) The porcelain crucible with the raw materials is fully covered by fine sand, and the porcelain crucible is naturally cooled to room temperature.
(7) Taking out the substances in the porcelain crucible, and sieving the substances by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the biochar.
Example 3
The biochar preparation method provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing orange peel, sawdust, peanut shell, coconut shell, agricultural wastes, an active agent and a catalyst in proportion; cleaning the raw materials except the activator and the catalyst by using tap water, and then cleaning the raw materials for 3 times by using distilled water; the raw material washed with distilled water was placed in an oven and dried at 85 ℃ for 24 hours.
(2) Mixing and crushing the air-dried raw materials by manual crushing and mechanical crushing; sieving with 80-120 mesh sieve, and pulverizing the large raw materials.
(3) Drying the screened materials by using a roller dryer, and simultaneously separating by using an induced draft fan, wherein the wind speed and the flow of the induced draft fan are 23600m3The rotation speed is 1200r/min, and the total pressure is 2000 Pa; then taking the light particles for standby.
(4) And (4) uniformly mixing the dehydrated and dried light particles obtained in the step (3), an active agent containing active groups and a catalyst, setting the temperature range of a high-pressure forming machine to be 600 ℃, setting the pressure range to be 10.0MPa, and feeding the mixed raw materials into a high-pressure forming machine for compression forming.
(5) Placing the formed raw material in a porcelain crucible, covering the porcelain crucible with a cover, placing the porcelain crucible in a muffle furnace or a tube furnace, uniformly and slowly heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 7 ℃ per minute, and carbonizing for 8 hours. Keeping the temperature at 600 ℃ for 2 hours; then the temperature is raised from 600 ℃ to 800 ℃ and kept for 3.5 hours, and then the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature in the atmosphere of ammonia gas.
(6) The porcelain crucible with the raw materials is fully covered by fine sand, and the porcelain crucible is naturally cooled to room temperature.
(7) Taking out the substances in the porcelain crucible, and sieving the substances through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the biochar.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The biochar is characterized by comprising, by mass, 30-45 parts of orange peel, 15-25 parts of wood chips, 10-20 parts of peanut shells, 8-15 parts of coconut shells, 12-23 parts of agricultural wastes, 5-8 parts of an active group-containing active agent and 3-5 parts of a catalyst.
2. The biochar of claim 1, wherein the agricultural waste is at least one of corn stover, wheat straw, cotton straw, pumpkin straw, tree pruned branches, agaric fungus chaff.
3. The biochar of claim 1, wherein the active group-containing active agent is one of carboxylic acid, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, acrylic acid modified resin, or polycarboxylic acid.
4. The biochar of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is one of a potassium salt, a calcium salt, a transition metal salt, a metal oxide, or a molecular sieve catalyst.
5. A biochar preparation method for preparing the biochar of claim 1, wherein the biochar preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing orange peel, sawdust, peanut shell, coconut shell, agricultural wastes, an active agent and a catalyst in proportion; cleaning and drying raw materials except for an active agent and a catalyst;
step two, mixing and crushing the air-dried raw materials by utilizing manual crushing and mechanical crushing; sieving with 80-120 mesh sieve, and pulverizing the large material;
drying the screened materials by using a drum dryer, and simultaneously separating by using an induced draft fan to obtain light particles for later use;
step four, uniformly mixing the dehydrated and dried light particles obtained in the step three with an active group-containing active agent and a catalyst, and feeding the mixture into a high-pressure forming machine for press forming;
placing the formed raw material in a porcelain crucible, covering a cover, placing in a muffle furnace or a tubular furnace, slowly and stably heating to a specified temperature, and carbonizing for 6-8 hours;
step six, fully covering the porcelain crucible with the raw materials by using fine sand, and naturally cooling the porcelain crucible to room temperature;
and step seven, taking out the substances in the porcelain crucible, and sieving the substances through a 100-sand 120-mesh sieve to obtain the biochar.
6. The method for preparing biochar according to claim 5, wherein in the first step, the raw materials except the activator and the catalyst are washed with tap water and then washed with distilled water for 2 to 3 times; putting the raw materials cleaned by distilled water into an oven, and drying for 12-24 hours at 65-85 ℃.
7. The method for preparing biochar as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the third step, the wind speed and flow of the induced draft fan is 20000-23600m3The rotation speed is 1100-1200r/min and the total pressure is 1600-2000 Pa.
8. The method for preparing biochar as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the fourth step, after the active agent is added, the temperature range set by the high-pressure forming machine is 200-600 ℃, and the pressure range is 0.01-10.0 MPa.
9. The biochar preparation method according to claim 5, wherein in step five, the slowly and stably raising the temperature specifically comprises: the temperature is uniformly and slowly increased to 600 ℃ at the temperature increase rate of 7 ℃ per minute.
10. The method for preparing biochar according to claim 5, wherein in step five, the formed raw material is slowly heated to the temperature of 600 ℃ in the inert gas atmosphere, and the temperature is kept at 600 ℃ for 1-2 hours; then the temperature is raised from 600 ℃ to 800 ℃ and kept for 2.5 to 3.5 hours, and then the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature in the atmosphere of ammonia gas.
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