CN110797243B - Nested type electronic optical system for coaxially emitting asynchronous electron beams - Google Patents
Nested type electronic optical system for coaxially emitting asynchronous electron beams Download PDFInfo
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- CN110797243B CN110797243B CN201911072229.5A CN201911072229A CN110797243B CN 110797243 B CN110797243 B CN 110797243B CN 201911072229 A CN201911072229 A CN 201911072229A CN 110797243 B CN110797243 B CN 110797243B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2223/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J2225/00
- H01J2223/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J2223/06—Electron or ion guns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2223/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J2225/00
- H01J2223/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J2223/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nested coaxial electron optical system for emitting asynchronous electron beams, which is applied to the technical field of vacuum electrons and aims at solving the problem that the existing multi-beam terahertz electron gun cannot generate asynchronous electron beams, and the electron gun sequentially comprises: circular electron beam cathode emission face, transition structure and positive pole, the transition structure includes at least: an annular electron beam cathode emission surface; the circular electron beam emitted by the circular electron beam cathode emission surface is firstly accelerated by the voltage difference between the cathode emitting the circular electron beam and the transition structure for the first time, and then accelerated by the voltage difference between the transition structure and the anode for the second time; the annular electron beam emitted from the surface of the cathode of the annular electron beam is accelerated by the voltage difference between the transition structure and the anode, enters the high-frequency system with the circular electron beam accelerated twice, interacts with electromagnetic waves by the injection waves, and is collected by the collector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum electronics, and particularly relates to a nested coaxial-emission asynchronous electron beam electron optical system.
Background
With the application of terahertz technology in civil and military fields such as ultra-high-speed communication, ultra-high resolution radar, security inspection and the like, the demand for terahertz sources with W-level power is increasing. At present, the generation mode of the terahertz source is mainly based on a solid-state device, an optical device and a vacuum electronic device. Among them, the terahertz source of the vacuum electronic device is the currently most potential terahertz source due to its advantages of high power, high efficiency, strong stability, etc. However, in the terahertz band, the interaction circuit also faces the problem of size reduction, and has a great challenge to the current processing technology, especially as the frequency band increases, the interaction circuit with a small geometric size causes difficulty in electron beam transmission, and has a certain challenge to generation and focusing of large current density.
In order to reduce the processing difficulty and generate a high-power terahertz source, a cathode capable of generating large current and transmitting the large current in a small-size terahertz device, a novel terahertz slow wave structure and theoretical innovation based on Pierce wave interaction are the key points of research on the current vacuum terahertz source. The patent 'a two electron beams terahertz folding line-return wave amplifier' is the theoretical innovation of the wave injection interaction, and provides a novel wave injection interaction theory, wherein two asynchronous electron beams in the two electron beams terahertz folding line-return wave amplification theory respectively perform the wave injection interaction with forward waves and reverse waves. A feedback type wave injection interaction loop is constructed, and compared with the traditional wave injection interaction, the output power, the gain and the electronic efficiency are improved, so that the high-power terahertz source is obtained. Meanwhile, the interaction length can be shortened through the establishment of the feedback loop, the problem of consistency of electron beam channels caused by the interaction length is greatly reduced, and the challenge to the current processing technology is reduced. Therefore, electron optical systems that generate asynchronous electron beams are at issue. The traditional multi-beam terahertz electron gun cannot generate asynchronous electron beams, and meanwhile, due to the limitation of processes and materials, the distance between the electron beams is too large, so that certain challenges are provided for miniaturization of terahertz sources and processing and assembling of multiple electron beam channels, and the development requirements are not met any more.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a nested type electronic optical system for coaxially emitting asynchronous electron beams, which can realize the coaxial emission of the electron beams while generating the asynchronous electron beams, and has the characteristics of shortening the distance between the axes of the electron beams, being beneficial to the miniaturization and integration of devices and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a nested, coaxial electron-optical system for emitting asynchronous electron beams, comprising: electron gun, magnetic focusing system and collector structure, electron gun includes in proper order: circular electron beam cathode emission face, transition structure and positive pole, the transition structure includes at least: and the annular electron beam cathode emission surface.
Further, the anode potential is 0, the transition structure potential is-V1, the circular electron-beam cathode emission surface potential is-V2, and V2> V1.
Further, still include: the first focusing electrode is arranged at the emission surface of the circular electron beam cathode, and the potential of the first focusing electrode is-V2.
Still further, the device also comprises a second focusing electrode which is a nested focusing electrode arranged at the position of the emission surface of the annular electron beam cathode.
Further, the circular electron beam and the annular electron beam are nested and coaxially distributed on the cross section of the electron beam channel.
Further, a protective electrode is arranged between the transition structure and the circular electron-beam cathode emission surface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the nested coaxial electron optical system for emitting asynchronous electron beams realizes nested coaxial emission of high-quality circular electron beams and annular electron beams, and has the following advantages:
1. compared with the parallel arrangement or other non-nested arrangement modes of a plurality of cathode emission surfaces in a multi-electron-beam electron gun, the cathode emission surface nesting method is adopted, the distance between the axes of the electron beams is shortened, the transverse size of the cathode emission surface is reduced, and the miniaturization and integration of the electron gun are facilitated;
2. the invention realizes the emission of two asynchronous electron beams;
3. the arrangement of the nested cathode emission surface is adopted, so that the installation difficulty of the hot wire can be reduced, and the processing and assembling difficulty of the electron gun can be reduced;
4. the nested coaxial electron optical system for emitting asynchronous electron beams can be used for emitting two coaxial electron beams in a nested manner, the two electron beams can be transmitted in one electron beam channel, and the processing difficulty of the electron beam channel in a slow wave structure is reduced;
5. the invention can generate two electron beams with different working voltages (namely asynchronous electron beams);
6. the invention enables the secondary acceleration of the circular electron beam through the transition structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a nested coaxial electron-optical system for emitting asynchronous electron beams according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of circular and annular electron beams in a cross-section of an electron beam passage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electron gun and a magnetic focusing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the transition structure of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of magnetic fields along the direction of electron beam transport in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of electron beam trajectories and a graph of potential distribution in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a lateral distribution diagram of electron beams in a slow wave structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an electron beam current in an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical contents of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further explained with reference to fig. 1 to 6.
An electron optical system for nested emission of asynchronous electron beams as shown in fig. 1 comprises: an electron gun 1, a magnetic focusing system 2 and a collector structure 3; the electron gun 1 comprises in sequence: a circular electron-beam cathode emission surface 11, a transition structure 12 and an anode 13, wherein the transition structure 12 at least comprises: an annular electron beam cathode emission surface 121; the circular electron beam 15 emitted by the circular electron beam cathode emission surface 11 is firstly accelerated for the first time by the voltage difference between the cathode 11 and the transition structure 2, and then accelerated for the second time by the voltage difference between the transition structure 2 and the anode 13; the annular electron beam 16 emitted from the annular electron beam cathode emission surface 121 is accelerated by the voltage difference between the transition structure 2 and the anode 13, enters the high frequency system with the twice accelerated circular electron beam 15, and is collected by the collector 3 after the wave injection interaction with the electromagnetic wave.
Also included in the structure of fig. 1 are two focusing poles, where the first focusing pole 14 focuses only the circular electron beam 15; besides the annular electron beam cathode emission surface 121, the transition structure 2 further comprises a nested focusing electrode 122, and the nested focusing electrode 122 focuses the circular electron beam 15 and the annular electron beam 16 and realizes high-quality electron beam emission.
As shown in fig. 2, the circular and ring-shaped electron beams are nested and coaxially distributed in the cross section of the electron beam channel, and the electron beam channel wall of the electron beam channel 17 is denoted by 170.
The circular electron beam 15 and the ring-shaped electron beam 16 enter the high-frequency system via the same electron beam channel.
In this example, the cathode potential for emitting the circular electron beam is-V2, the transition structure potential is-V1, and the anode potential is 0;
the transition structure is one of the components of the electron gun for the different-speed electron beam, is an important component for forming nested emission of coaxial electron beams, has the high-potential function of an anode, and accelerates the circular electron beams for the first time through the pressure difference (V2-V1) between the transition structure and a cathode for emitting the circular electron beams; the cathode has the function of emitting electron beams, the emission of annular electron beams is realized, the function of a focusing electrode is realized, and the transmission of circular electron beams and annular electron beams is realized through the design of the nested focusing electrode. The nested coaxial emission of high-quality circular electron beams and annular electron beams is realized under the optimization of structural design and geometric dimension.
The magnetic focusing system plays an important role in nested coaxial stable transmission of electron beams. In order to prevent the electron beam from being influenced by too large and too small magnetic fields, attention is paid to adjusting the voltage, current and radius of the electron beam in the selection of the electron beam with wave interaction so that the Brillouin magnetic fields of the annular electron beam and the circular electron beam are approximately equal. Therefore, a proper magnetic field is selected for bunching the electron beam, stable transmission of the electron beam is realized, and wave injection interaction is carried out on the electron beam and electromagnetic waves, so that the purpose of energy transfer is achieved.
Those skilled in the art should note that, in practical application, the size and shape of the cathode, the transition structure, the distance between the anodes, the potential, the emitting surface, the focusing electrode, etc. may be adjusted according to the shape and size of the specific electron beam; as shown in fig. 3, this embodiment is described by taking as an example a nested coaxial electron optical system for emitting asynchronous electron beams with the following specific parameters:
in the embodiment, the voltage of the round electron beam is 16380V, the current is 0.013A, and the radius of the electron beam is 0.05 mm; the voltage of the ring electron beam is 5500V, the current is 0.013A, the inner radius of the electron beam is 0.09mm, and the outer radius is 0.12 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the electron gun structure given in this embodiment is:
in order to avoid the overlarge pressure difference between the circular electron-beam cathode and the transition structure to cause the bombardment of electron beams on the transition structure, a protective electrode 18 with the potential of-12680V is additionally arranged between the transition structure and the circular electron-beam cathode. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the transition structure 12 of fig. 3, and fig. 4 shows that the second focusing electrode is integrated with the cathode emitting the ring-shaped electron beam in the case of software simulation, and there is no gap between the focusing electrode and the cathode as in the view of fig. 1. Wherein the round electron cathode potential V2 is 16380, the transition structure potential V1 is 5500V, and the anode structure potential is zero.
A magnetic field in the magnetic focusing system adopts a uniform magnetic field, the winding is started from the position of the transition structure through coil winding, and the uniform magnetic field of 0.2T is realized within the range of 70mm through size optimization as shown in figure 5;
finally, a high-quality coaxial asynchronous electron beam which stably transmits 70mm is emitted, the potential distribution and the electron trajectory of the high-quality coaxial asynchronous electron beam are shown in fig. 6, the distribution of the electron beam on an electron beam channel is shown in fig. 7 as an electron beam form at the position where z is 72.43mm, and the electron beam current is 0.013A as shown in fig. 8, so that the electron optical system can realize that two coaxial asynchronous electron beams (the circular voltage is 16380V, the current is 0.013A, the electron beam radius is 0.05mm, the annular voltage is 5500V, the current is 0.013A, the inner radius of the electron beam is 0.09mm, and the outer radius is 0.12mm) meet the design requirements. z represents the electron beam path position.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A nested, co-axial electron optical system for emitting asynchronous electron beams, comprising: electron gun, magnetic focusing system and collector structure, electron gun includes in proper order: circular electron beam cathode emission face, transition structure and positive pole, the transition structure includes at least: an annular electron beam cathode emission surface; the circular electron beam emitted by the circular electron beam cathode emission surface is firstly accelerated through the voltage difference between the cathode and the transition structure for the first time, and then accelerated through the voltage difference between the transition structure and the anode for the second time; the circular electron beam emitted by the cathode emission surface of the annular electron beam is accelerated through the voltage difference between the transition structure and the anode, enters a high-frequency system through the circular electron beam after being accelerated twice, is subjected to wave injection interaction with electromagnetic waves, and is collected by a collector; the circular electron beams and the annular electron beams are nested and coaxially distributed on the cross section of the electron beam channel, so that the two electron beams are transmitted in one electron beam channel;
the anode potential is 0, the transition structure potential is-V1, the circular electron-beam cathode emission surface potential is-V2, and V2> V1.
2. The nested, coaxial electron optical system for emitting asynchronous electron beams according to claim 1, further comprising: the focusing electrode is arranged at the emitting surface of the circular electron beam cathode, and the potential of the first focusing electrode is-V2; the second focusing electrode is a nested focusing electrode arranged at the position of the emission surface of the annular electron beam cathode.
3. A nested, co-axial, asynchronous electron beam emitting electron optical system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a guard electrode between the transition structure and the circular electron beam cathode emission surface.
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| CN113421808A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-21 | 电子科技大学 | Terahertz waveband low-current small-diameter single-column multi-beam electron gun |
| CN114975040B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2024-08-20 | 电子科技大学 | Bidirectional multi-injection multi-cavity cascade amplifier based on cold cathode |
| CN114944313B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-09-12 | 电子科技大学 | Multi-beam electron gun of rotary traveling wave tube |
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Inventor after: Gao Luanfeng Inventor after: Hu Quan Inventor after: Hu Yulu Inventor after: Zhu Xiaofang Inventor after: Yang Zhonghai Inventor after: Li Bin Inventor before: Hu Quan Inventor before: Gao Luanfeng Inventor before: Hu Yulu Inventor before: Zhu Xiaofang Inventor before: Yang Zhonghai Inventor before: Li Bin |
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