CN110735012A - method for preparing ferronickel alloy raw material by electric furnace smelting with laterite nickel ore - Google Patents
method for preparing ferronickel alloy raw material by electric furnace smelting with laterite nickel ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN110735012A CN110735012A CN201911010765.2A CN201911010765A CN110735012A CN 110735012 A CN110735012 A CN 110735012A CN 201911010765 A CN201911010765 A CN 201911010765A CN 110735012 A CN110735012 A CN 110735012A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/10—Obtaining noble metals by amalgamating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a ferronickel alloy raw material by an electric furnace from laterite-nickel ore, which comprises the following steps of (1) uniformly mixing laterite-nickel ore and an alkaline flux to prepare pellets, (2) roasting the pellets in an oxidizing atmosphere, and (3) placing the roasted pellets in a reactor, and introducing mixed gas of carbon carburizing gas and water vapor to react.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a ferronickel alloy raw material by an electric furnace from laterite-nickel ores, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy.
Background
Nickel is important strategic metal materials, has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, high temperature resistance, high strength, good ductility and the like, and has the application of in modern industry, the nickel is mainly used for stainless steel production, the requirement of the nickel for the stainless steel accounts for more than 60% of the total consumption of the nickel in a whole sphere, the mineral resources of the nickel mainly comprise nickel sulfide ore and laterite-nickel ore, and about 70% of the nickel exists in the laterite-nickel ore.
At present, the method for preparing the ferronickel raw material by electric furnace smelting at home and abroad mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) preparing by adopting a coal-based rotary kiln: the method takes coal as a reducing agent, and reduces nickel and iron in the laterite-nickel ore into metallic iron and metallic nickel at high temperature (above 1000 ℃), thereby preparing the ferronickel raw material smelted by an electric furnace.
(2) Preparing by using a gas-based shaft furnace: the method takes natural gas, oil and the like as reducing agents, and nickel and iron in the laterite-nickel ore are reduced into metallic iron and metallic nickel at high temperature (800-.
However, the prior art also has the following problems:
(1) according to the traditional method for smelting the ferronickel raw material by the electric furnace prepared by the coal-based rotary kiln, nickel and iron in the prepared raw material mainly exist in the forms of metallic nickel and metallic iron, and because the embedded particle size of the iron in the raw material is fine, the part of the raw material is easy to oxidize and even spontaneously combust in the storage or transportation process, for example, by adopting the traditional method of briquetting after high-temperature passivation, the passivation treatment cost is greatly increased because most of components in the raw material are gangue. And coal is used as a reducing agent, the reduction temperature is high, and a large amount of nitrogen oxides, sulfides and other pollution gases are discharged in the smelting process.
(2) The method for preparing the ferronickel alloy raw material by the electric furnace smelting by the gas-based shaft furnace can greatly reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides, sulfides and other polluted gases by using a gas reducing agent, but the roasting temperature is higher, so that the energy consumption is higher, and the prepared raw material containing metallic iron and metallic nickel is easily oxidized or spontaneously combusted and is not easily treated by a high-temperature passivation briquetting.
Based on the analysis, no matter the traditional method of adopting a coal-based rotary kiln or a gas-based shaft furnace is adopted, the method has obvious defects in the aspect of processing the laterite-nickel ore, so that intensive research and development of methods which can reduce pollutant emission and smelting energy consumption and can prepare raw materials which are difficult to oxidize and spontaneously combust and convenient to store and transport are particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems that the method for preparing the electric furnace for smelting the ferronickel alloy in the prior art has high energy consumption, and the prepared furnace burden is easy to oxidize and spontaneously combust and is not beneficial to transportation and storage, the invention provides methods for preparing the raw material for smelting the ferronickel alloy in the electric furnace by using laterite-nickel ore.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
method for preparing ferronickel alloy raw material by using laterite nickel ore in electric furnace smelting, which comprises the following steps:
(1) evenly mixing laterite-nickel ore and alkaline flux to prepare pellets;
(2) roasting the pellets in an oxidizing atmosphere with the oxygen content of more than 4 percent;
(3) the roasted pellets are placed in a reactor, and mixed gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor is introduced for reaction.
The method for preparing ferronickel raw materials by using laterite-nickel ore in an electric furnace smelting process includes the specific reaction steps that three reactors are arranged in the step (3), roasted pellets are placed in a reactor, mixed gas of carburizing gas, water vapor and gas discharged by the third reactor is introduced into a reactor, the pressure in the reactor is 1-3MPa, the roasting temperature is 900-1000 ℃, and the roasting time is 20-60min, the obtained product is placed in a second reactor after the reaction is completed, meanwhile, the gas in the reactor is discharged into the second reactor, the roasting temperature in the second reactor is 850-900 ℃, the roasting time is 20-60min, and the pressure is 1-3MPa, the obtained product is placed in the third reactor after the reaction is completed, and simultaneously, the gas in the second reactor is discharged into the third reactor, and the roasting temperature in the third reactor is 850-850 ℃ and the roasting time is 20-60 min.
In the methods for preparing the ferronickel raw material by using the laterite-nickel ore in the electric furnace smelting, the proportion of the water vapor introduced into the th reactor in the total of the natural gas and the water vapor is not more than 30 percent.
In the method for preparing the ferronickel raw material by using the laterite-nickel ore in the electric furnace smelting, the ratio of tail gas discharged from the third reactor in the gas introduced into the reactor is not less than 20%.
the method for preparing the ferronickel alloy raw material by using the laterite-nickel ore in the electric furnace smelting, the carburizing gas is natural gas or methane.
methods for preparing ferronickel alloy raw materials by using laterite-nickel ore, wherein the grain size of laterite-nickel ore is less than 200 meshes, and the proportion of the grain size is more than 50%.
the method for preparing the ferronickel alloy raw material by using the laterite-nickel ore in the electric furnace smelting, the alkaline fusing agent is limestone, and the dosage of the alkaline fusing agent is to adjust the alkalinity of the pellets to be 0.8-2.0.
The methods for preparing the ferronickel raw material by using the laterite-nickel ore in the electric furnace smelting process have the roasting temperature of 800-.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the prior method for preparing the ferronickel alloy raw material by the electric furnace by the coal-based rotary kiln and the gas-based shaft furnace method, the method has the advantages of lower roasting temperature and relatively low energy consumption.
(2) The iron in the furnace burden prepared by the invention mainly exists in the form of carbide, the iron can stably exist at normal temperature, spontaneous combustion and oxidation are avoided, and the carbon contained in the furnace burden can provide partial heat for the electric furnace smelting process, so that the energy consumption of the electric furnace smelting is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the step (3) of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the following examples are only for better clarity of the technical solution of the invention, and the protection scope of the invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1
The nickel grade of the laterite-nickel ore is 1.86%, the iron grade is 21.30%, firstly, the laterite-nickel ore is ground to a particle size of less than 200 meshes and accounting for 70%, then, quicklime and the laterite-nickel ore are mixed, the alkalinity is adjusted to be 1.2, pellets are prepared, after being dried, the pellets are roasted for 20min under oxidizing atmosphere with the temperature of 950 ℃ and the oxygen content of 8%, the roasted pellets are put into a th reactor, mixed gas of natural gas, water vapor and tail gas of a third reactor is introduced into a th reactor, wherein the proportion of the water vapor is 5%, the proportion of the tail gas of the third reactor is 35%, the proportion of the natural gas is 60%, the pressure in the reactor is 1.5MPa, the roasting temperature is 950 ℃, the roasting time is 30min, the roasting temperatures in a second reactor and a third reactor are 850 ℃ and 750 ℃, the roasting times are 20min and 30min, the pressure in the second reactor is 1.5MPa, the roasting gas in the second reactor is % of the roasting gas, the roasting gas in the second reactor, the third reactor, the roasting gas in the roasting reactor, the roasting reaction rate of the roasting of the pellet is 98.2%, and the reaction rate of the pellet is 98.11%, and the roasting gas of the pellet carbonization furnace burden of the pellet in the pellet.
The laterite nickel ore is prepared into pellets so that a material bed in a reactor has better air permeability, and gas in the reduction and carburization processes can be easily diffused to the surface of the material for reaction; the pellets are roasted in oxidizing atmosphere to convert nickel sulfide in the raw materials into nickel oxide, and the nickel oxide in the pellets is used for catalyzing methane to convert the methane into CO and H2Then CO and H2And (3) reducing the iron oxide.
Calcium oxide is added into the pellets to adjust the alkalinity, and no fluxing agent is needed to be added in the subsequent electric furnace smelting; the addition of flux in the pellets can also improve the strength of the pellets and increase the reduction rate of the pellets.
The method comprises the steps of introducing mixed gas of carburizing gas and water vapor into roasted pellets, using nickel-containing pellets as a catalyst for converting the mixed gas, converting the mixed gas into mixed gas of methane, carbon oxide and hydrogen after passing through a th reactor, reducing iron minerals and nickel minerals in part of pellets by carbon oxide and hydrogen converted in a th reactor, continuously introducing gas from a th reactor into a second reactor, continuously converting the methane into carbon oxide and hydrogen in the second reactor, so that the second reactor contains carbon oxide and hydrogen with higher concentration to reduce the iron minerals and the nickel minerals in the pellets, reducing the pellets 865 in the second reactor into primarily reduced pellets in a 6 th reactor, continuously introducing the gas from the second reactor into a third reactor to carry out deep reduction and carburization, continuously reacting the iron carbide produced while the iron minerals and the nickel are reduced by carbon oxide and hydrogen to generate iron carbide, continuously reacting the iron carbide with the methane to generate iron carbide, and continuously reacting the iron carbide with the iron carbide produced while the iron carbide produced by the nickel minerals and the nickel oxides and the nickel minerals in the th reactor to obtain a tail gas, and the tail gas, and directly returning the tail gas from the th reactor to obtain a methane-smelting furnace, and a tail gas, wherein the tail gas from the -iron carbide reactor, and the tail gas from which can be used for directly used for reducing agent for reducing the smelting furnace.
Example 2
The nickel grade of the laterite-nickel ore is 1.58%, the iron grade is 18.10%, firstly, the laterite-nickel ore is ground to a particle size of less than 200 meshes and accounting for 80%, then, quicklime and the laterite-nickel ore are mixed, the alkalinity is adjusted to be 1.0, pellets are prepared, after being dried, the pellets are roasted for 20min under oxidizing atmosphere with the temperature of 950 ℃ and the oxygen content of 10%, the roasted pellets are put into a th reactor, mixed gas of methane, water vapor and tail gas of a third reactor is introduced into a th reactor, wherein the proportion of the water vapor is 5%, the proportion of the tail gas of the third reactor is 20%, the proportion of the methane is 75%, the pressure in the reactor is 1.8MPa, the roasting temperature is 1000 ℃, the roasting time is 20min, the roasting temperature in a second reactor and a third reactor is 900 ℃ and 700 ℃, the roasting time is 20min and 30min, the pressure in the second reactor is 1.5MPa, the roasting gas in the second reactor is %, the roasting gas in the second reactor, the roasting gas in the roasting reactor, the roasting temperature of the roasting temperature in the second reactor is 20.2%, the roasting temperature of the roasting gas in the second reactor, the roasting furnace, the roasting gas of the roasting furnace burden of the pellet is 0.2%, and the proportion of the pellet, the roasting iron pellet, the roasting gas of the pellet, and the roasting metal in the roasting furnace burden of the pellet is 13.
Example 3
The nickel grade of the laterite-nickel ore is 1.25%, the iron grade is 16.3%, firstly, the laterite-nickel ore is ground to a particle size of less than 200 meshes and accounting for 80%, then, quicklime and the laterite-nickel ore are mixed, the alkalinity is adjusted to be 0.8, pellets are prepared, after being dried, the pellets are roasted for 20min under the oxidizing atmosphere with the temperature of 1000 ℃ and the oxygen content of 12%, the roasted pellets are put into a th reactor, mixed gas of natural gas, water vapor and tail gas of a third reactor is introduced into a th reactor, wherein the proportion of the water vapor is 5%, the proportion of the tail gas of the third reactor is 30%, the proportion of the natural gas is 65%, the pressure in the reactor is 2.0MPa, the roasting temperature is 950 ℃, the roasting time is 30min, the roasting temperatures in a second reactor and a third reactor are 900 ℃ and 650 ℃, the roasting times are 20min and 50min, the pressure in the second reactor is 1.8MPa, the roasting gas in the second reactor is %, the roasting gas in the roasting reactor, the roasting gas in the second reactor, the roasting gas in the roasting reactor, the roasting reaction gas in the roasting furnace, the roasting reaction gas of the second reactor, the roasting furnace, the roasting gas of the pellet reactor, the roasting iron pellet reactor, the roasting gas of the roasting furnace burden of the pellet is 16.3%, the roasting furnace burden of the pellet, the roasting iron pellet, the roasting furnace burden of the roasting furnace is 3%, and the roasting furnace, the roasting.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1, method for preparing ferronickel alloy raw material by using laterite-nickel ore in electric furnace smelting, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) evenly mixing laterite-nickel ore and alkaline flux to prepare pellets;
(2) roasting the pellets in an oxidizing atmosphere with the oxygen content of more than 4 percent;
(3) the roasted pellets are placed in a reactor, and mixed gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor is introduced for reaction.
2. The method for preparing ferronickel raw materials for electric furnace smelting by using laterite-nickel ore according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor in the step (3) is provided with three reactors, and the concrete reaction steps are that the roasted pellets are placed into a th reactor, mixed gas of carburizing gas, water vapor and gas discharged by a third reactor is introduced into a th reactor, the pressure in the reactor is 1-3MPa, the roasting temperature is 900-.
3. A method for preparing ferronickel alloy raw material for electric furnace smelting from lateritic nickel ore according to the claim 2, characterized in that the water vapor to the th reactor accounts for no more than 30% of the total of natural gas and water vapor.
4. A method for preparing ferronickel raw material for electric furnace smelting from lateritic nickel ore according to the claim 3, characterized in that the ratio of the tail gas discharged from the third reactor in the gas introduced into the th reactor is not less than 20%.
5. The method for making ferronickel raw material for electric furnace smelting from lateritic nickel ores according to claim 4, wherein the carburizing gas is natural gas or biogas.
6. The method for kinds of raw materials for smelting ferronickel in electric furnace from lateritic nickel ore according to claim 1, characterized in that the grain size of lateritic nickel ore is less than 200 mesh and the proportion of grain fraction is more than 50%.
7. The method for preparing ferronickel alloy raw material for electric furnace smelting from lateritic nickel ore according to the claim 6, characterized in that the alkaline flux is limestone, and the dosage is to adjust the alkalinity of the pellets to 0.8-2.0.
8. The method for preparing ferronickel raw material for electric furnace smelting from lateritic nickel ore according to claim 6, characterized in that, in the step (2), the roasting temperature is 800-.
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