CN110465575A - A kind of heat treatment of thin-wall workpiece and gas pressure compacting integral method - Google Patents
A kind of heat treatment of thin-wall workpiece and gas pressure compacting integral method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110465575A CN110465575A CN201910861120.3A CN201910861120A CN110465575A CN 110465575 A CN110465575 A CN 110465575A CN 201910861120 A CN201910861120 A CN 201910861120A CN 110465575 A CN110465575 A CN 110465575A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of thin-wall workpiece heat treatment with gas pressure compacting integral method, comprising steps of S1, by mold be heated to forming after heat treatment temperature T2, cylinder base is put into mold, is closed mold by sealing punch；S2, cylinder base is heated to heat treatment in advance temperature T1 and keeps the first duration；S3, stop heating to cylinder base, and inject high pressure gas into closed cavity, make the cylinder base that quick bulging occur under the action of high pressure gas and fit to the type chamber of mold, obtain pipe fitting after hot gas pressure compacting；S4, the pressure in the closed cavity is improved to stress relaxation pressure P3 and keeps the second duration；S5, stop heating the mold, open exhaust outlet, promoting the circulation of qi of going forward side by side is cold, is finally opened pickup, obtains thin-wall workpiece.The present invention realizes the form accuracy regulation integrated with structure property of thin-wall workpiece gas pressure compacting process, makes component while obtaining high-precision and high-performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to thin-wall member Plastic Forming manufacturing technology field, in particular to a kind of thin-wall workpiece heat treatment
With gas pressure compacting integral method.
Background technique
Alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part is rocket, common a kind of light heat-resisting component in aircraft, and such as exhaust duct starts
Machine jet pipe etc., in order to meet the rigors such as aeroperformance, high temperature and pressure military service performance, to the dimensional accuracy and group of such component
It knits performance and proposes very high requirement.By taking TA15 titanium alloy member as an example, in order to meet room temperature and high temperature (service temperature about 500
DEG C) obdurability Proper Match, component is put into heat-treatment furnace after forming and carries out structure property regulation by traditional technology, at heat
Ess-strain caused by reason process easily causes thin-wall member shape distortion, it is difficult to the requirement for realizing machined surface profile precision, for
Large-size ultra-thin component, this problem will be protruded more.
Since the prior art can not integrally manufacture such alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall member, it is forced using being blocked into
Shape-welding-school shape traditional technology, and not to be able to satisfy alloy special-shaped titanium section thin for the technique of this piecemeal forming-welding-school shape
The manufacture requirement of wall pieces, main problem is: 1) welded unit dimensional accuracy is low, since piecemeal formed parts are also easy to produce in welding
Shape distortion, dimensional discrepancy can reach 2mm or more (general such component design accuracy requires to be respectively less than 0.5mm)；2) force in member
It is poor to learn performance, since the forming of product piecemeal and school shape heat exposure time are long (20-30 hours), and to avoid damage to dimensional accuracy not
It can be carried out subsequent heat treatment, prior art component comprehensive performance is generally lower than base material, cannot play the optimal efficiency of material.
As can be seen that precision controlling and structure property regulation are a pair of contradictory bodies, same when using traditional handicraft forming
Cannot be efficient on a component while guaranteeing precision and performance, therefore is badly in need of developing new forming technique to solve above-mentioned difficulty
Topic.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to be solved existing for alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part manufacturing process in the prior art to a certain extent
The problems such as dimensional accuracy is low, structure property is poor.
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of thin-wall workpieces to be heat-treated side integrated with gas pressure compacting
Method, comprising steps of
It is S1, die-filling: mold being heated to heat treatment temperature T2 after forming, then cylinder base is put into mold, passes through sealing
Mold is closed by formed punch, so as to form closed cavity between sealing punch and the cylinder base；
S2, the heating of cylinder base: cylinder base is heated to heat treatment in advance temperature T1 and keeps the first duration t1；
S3, air inlet feed supplement forming: stop the heating to cylinder base, and inject high pressure gas into closed cavity, make the cylinder
Quick bulging occurs under the action of high pressure gas and fits to the type chamber of the mold for base, manages after obtaining hot gas pressure compacting
Part；
It is heat-treated after S4, stress relaxation and forming: the pressure in the closed cavity is improved to stress relaxation pressure P3
And keep the second duration t2；
S5, die sinking pickup: stop heating the mold, open exhaust outlet, and to pipe fitting after the hot gas pressure compacting
It is gas-cooled, is finally opened pickup, obtain thin-wall workpiece.
Optionally, described to heat mold in step S1, comprising steps of heating element in the mould will be embedded
It is powered, the mold is heated.
Optionally, described that cylinder base is put into mold in step S1, mold is closed by sealing punch, comprising steps of
The type that cylinder base is put into the mold being made of upper die and lower die is intracavitary, molds and applies mold clamping force, pass through a left side
Formed punch and right formed punch carry out sealing to the end of cylinder base；
It wherein is provided with load coil on the left formed punch, after the completion of die-filling, the load coil is located at
Inside cylinder base.
Optionally, described that high pressure gas is injected into closed cavity in step S3, make the cylinder base in the work of high pressure gas
The type chamber of the mold is fitted to the lower quick bulging of generation, comprising steps of
By the air inlet being arranged on left formed punch, the compressed gas of admission pressure P1 is injected into closed cavity, simultaneously
Left formed punch and right formed punch carry out axial supplement, after the completion of feed supplement, the pressure in closed cavity are improved to bulging pressure P2, is carried out
Hot gas pressure compacting.
Optionally, described to be gas-cooled to pipe fitting after hot gas pressure compacting, comprising steps of
The gas vent being arranged on right formed punch is opened, injects air cooling pressure into the closed cavity by the air inlet
The compressed gas of P4 is that 5-30 DEG C/s is gas-cooled with the cooling velocity of pipe fitting after hot gas pressure compacting, when hot gas pressure compacting
When the temperature of pipe fitting is down to pickup temperature T3 afterwards, stop air inlet.
Optionally, which is characterized in that in step S4, after the stress relaxation and forming under heat treatment process, the heat
The temperature of pipe fitting is same or similar with the mold temperature after state gas pressure compacting.
Optionally, the range of the heat treatment in advance temperature T1 is 850-1000 DEG C, heat treatment temperature T2 after the forming
Range be 400-700 DEG C.
Optionally, the range of the feed pressure P1 is 0.5-3MPa, and the range of the bulging pressure P2 is 3-12MPa,
The range of the stress relaxation pressure P3 is 12-35Mpa.
Optionally, the range of the first duration t1 is 5-30min, and the range of the second duration t2 is 60-180min.
Optionally, the cylinder base is titanium alloy tube, and the titanium alloy tube is that nearly α phase is and/or alpha+beta two-phase series titanium alloy.
Compared with the existing technology, thin-wall workpiece heat treatment provided by the invention has with gas pressure compacting integral method
Following advantage:
(1) present invention combines the forming accuracy control of thin-wall workpiece with structure property regulation, in shaping dies
The interior process for completing heat treatment with two process of gas pressure compacting, since cylinder base has carried out heat treatment in advance,
At a temperature of stress relaxation carry out stress relaxation when, be heat-treated after the forming of thin-wall workpiece can be completed at the same time, will control shape with
Control property is combined into one, to obtain high-precision, Ti alloy with high performance odd-shaped cross section thin-wall part.
(2) present invention effectively improves heating efficiency, the drop in technical process by heating respectively to mold and cylinder base
Low energy expenditure, thus save the cost；Can also according to cylinder base material heat treatment regulate and control demand, relatively freely design cylinder base and
Mold temperature improves the flexibility of technological operation.
(3) the TA15 thin-wall workpiece of integral method preparation of the present invention, under room temperature use condition, tensile strength
Than improving 11.5% before forming；Under 500 DEG C of use conditions, tensile strength is than improving 7.7% before forming.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is thin-wall workpiece heat treatment and the structural schematic diagram of gas pressure compacting integrated apparatus before forming；
Fig. 2 is thin-wall workpiece heat treatment and the structural schematic diagram of gas pressure compacting integrated apparatus after forming；
Fig. 3 is thin-wall workpiece heat treatment and gas pressure compacting integral method process sequence diagram；
Fig. 4 is the micro-organization chart before the forming of TA15 titanium alloy cylinder base；
Fig. 5 is the micro-organization chart after the forming of TA15 titanium alloy cylinder base；
Fig. 6 is the stress-strain curve diagram of TA15 titanium alloy cylinder base forming front and back at room temperature；
Fig. 7 is stress-strain curve diagram of the TA15 titanium alloy cylinder base forming front and back at 500 DEG C；
Fig. 8 is heat treatment stress relaxation curve figure after the forming of TA15 titanium alloy cylinder base；
Fig. 9 is one of alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part structural schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part second structural representation.
Description of symbols:
1- bases, 2- lower die, 3- upper mold, the right formed punch of 4-, the left formed punch of 5-, 6- load coil, 7- heating element, 8- into
Stomata, 9- gas vent, 10- induction heating apparatus, 11- thin-wall workpiece.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
In addition, being briefly described to orientation is related in the specific embodiment: following on the " top for mentioning each structural member
End ", " bottom end " these positional relationships are merely for convenience of description and simplification description, rather than the device of indication or suggestion meaning must
There must be specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 9-10, existing alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part, complex-shaped, the section shape with space curved surface
Shape change in size acutely etc. geometrical characteristics, such component manufacture difficulty be: 1) it is complex-shaped, to material property requirement
Height, since titanium alloy hot forming structure property develops complexity, technological parameter is unreasonable easily to cause local reduction, rupture etc. to lack
It falls into；2) component structure property regulation difficulty is big, and the existing main collateral security forming accuracy angle of forming technology is set out, if organization of regulation control
Performance is heat-treated after need to being formed, however heat treatment process easily leads to shape distortion, it is difficult to meet high-precision requirement.
And alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall member is according to the forming technique of piecemeal forming-welding-school shape, preparation process
Usually are as follows: component is resolved into the relatively simple curved panel piece of 6-8 shape, a pair of of rigid die is respectively adopted to every block of plate
Forming, slab is put between upper and lower two molds for being heated to certain temperature, and being closed application pressure by mold becomes slab
Shape, and pressure maintaining 20-30min shapes substantially；Then by assembly welding after plate one by one trimming, odd-shaped cross section thin-wall part is obtained；Again
Odd-shaped cross section thin-wall part is covered on the shape core model of block insert type school, completes hot sizing in vacuum environment.And this manufacturing process preparation
Component not only dimensional accuracy is low, and poor mechanical property.
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of thin-wall workpieces to be heat-treated side integrated with gas pressure compacting
Method is completed at heat in shaping dies by combining the forming accuracy control of thin-wall workpiece with structure property regulation
Reason and two process of gas pressure compacting, so that high-precision, Ti alloy with high performance thin-wall part are obtained, and in forming process, wound
The heating mold and cylinder base respectively of the property made, is formed a base under solid solubility temperature, after being further ensured that component forming
Performance improves technological flexibility.
To make the above purposes, features and advantages of the invention more obvious and understandable, with reference to the accompanying drawing to the present invention
Specific embodiment be described in detail.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1-3, a kind of heat treatment of thin-wall workpiece and gas pressure compacting integral method, comprising steps of
It is S1, die-filling: mold being heated to heat treatment temperature T2 after forming, then cylinder base 1 is put into mold, passes through sealing
Mold is closed by formed punch, so as to form closed cavity between sealing punch and cylinder base 1；
S2, the heating of cylinder base: cylinder base 1 is heated to heat treatment in advance temperature T1 and keeps the first duration t1；
S3, air inlet feed supplement forming: stop the heating to cylinder base 1, and inject high pressure gas into closed cavity, make a base 1
Quick bulging occurs under the action of high pressure gas and fits to the type chamber of mold, obtains pipe fitting after hot gas pressure compacting；
It is heat-treated after S4, stress relaxation and forming: the pressure in closed cavity is improved to stress relaxation pressure P3 and protected
Hold the second duration t2；
S5, die sinking pickup: stop heating mold, open exhaust outlet, be gas-cooled to pipe fitting after hot gas pressure compacting, most
After be opened pickup, obtain thin-wall workpiece 11.
Wherein, heat treatment in advance temperature T1 is also the forming temperature of cylinder base 1, and heat treatment temperature T2 is also and answers after forming
Power relaxation temperature, it is to be understood that heat treatment in advance temperature T1 is greater than heat treatment temperature T2 after forming.
In compared with the prior art, mold and cylinder base 1 are heated simultaneously in forming process, when the size of formed parts
When larger, need to be arranged super large heating furnace, provided by the invention integral method very high to equipment requirement, respectively to mold and
Cylinder base 1 is heated, and equipment requirement is reduced.For ease of description, in the present invention, the method heated while by tradition is known as
The method provided by the invention heated respectively is known as non-isothermal forming by ausforming.It is understood that on the one hand, it is non-etc.
It is lower than 1 initial temperature of cylinder base that mold temperature in forming process may be implemented in method of warm compaction, and since mold compares cylinder in structure
The size of base 1 is big namely mold reaches time of forming temperature and is significantly larger than the time that cylinder base 1 reaches forming temperature, therefore, when
When only needing cylinder base 1 to reach forming temperature technological operation can be realized, heating efficiency, the drop in technical process can effectively improve
Low energy expenditure, thus save the cost；On the other hand, non-isothermal manufacturing process due to only need to by blank heating to forming temperature,
Mold may be at lower temperature, therefore require also reduce accordingly to process equipment.
Specifically, the device that thin-wall workpiece heat treatment is used with gas pressure compacting integral method includes mold, sealing
Formed punch and heater, wherein mold includes upper mold 3 and lower die 2, and upper mold 3 and lower die 2 mold the type chamber for forming accommodation tube base 1；It is close
Sealing formed punch includes the left formed punch 5 and right formed punch 4 that the both ends of mold are arranged in, for sealing the type chamber；And it is arranged on left formed punch 5
There is air inlet 8, gas vent 9 is provided on right formed punch 4, air inlet 8 and the cooperation of gas vent 9 are for increasing or decreasing the intracavitary pressure of type
Power, and air inlet 8 and gas vent 9 are provided with switch in extraneous opening.Heater includes the heating unit being embedded in mold
Part 7, the quantity of heating element 7 be it is multiple, multiple heating elements 7 are evenly distributed in upper mold 3 and lower die 2, when heating element 7 is logical
Upper mold 3 and lower die 2 can be heated simultaneously after electricity.In addition, heater further includes the induction electric heating coil being mutually electrically connected
With induction heating apparatus 10, wherein load coil 6 is arranged on left formed punch 5, and can be with the mobile insertion of left formed punch 5
In cylinder base 1, cylinder base 1 can be heated by induction electric heating coil with induction heating apparatus 10.
As shown in connection with fig. 1, it can be seen that before the forming of cylinder base 1, load coil 6 is located in cylinder base 1, realizes uniformly fast
The heating to cylinder base 1 of speed；And after quick bulging occurs for cylinder base 1, as shown in connection with fig. 2, it can be seen that cylinder base 1 is towards far from induction
The Direction distortion of electric heating coil, recline mold cavity, forms thin-wall workpiece.
Thin-wall workpiece heat treatment provided in an embodiment of the present invention and gas pressure compacting integral method, in gas pressure compacting mould
In tool, the heat treatment in advance of cylinder base is first carried out, then applies air pressure at heat treatment in advance temperature T1 (with gas pressure compacting temperature)
Forming pressure completes Plastic Forming, so that a base mold is become alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part, since cylinder base temperature is higher, elastic
The limit is lower, it is possible to reduce flexible deformation；Meanwhile make mold keep after forming heat treatment temperature T2 (with stress relaxation temperature
Degree), so that thin-wall workpiece 11 is kept mold using stress relaxation pressure, shunk to avoid cooling, and is total in mold and air pressure
With lower heat-insulation pressure keeping is constrained, it is heat-treated after making forming and 2 processes of stress relaxation is completed at the same time, after forming heat treatment temperature T2
Under the effect of stress relaxation pressure, the stress inside the cylinder base 1 of deformation can make elastic deformation be converted into moulding shape with quick release
Become and achievees the purpose that stress relaxation and shape.It is this that the forming accuracy control of thin-wall workpiece 11 is regulated and controled into phase with structure property
In conjunction with, heat treatment and the processes of two process of gas pressure compacting are completed in shaping dies, due to cylinder base 1 carried out it is pre-
It is first heat-treated, therefore the forming of thin-wall workpiece 11 can be completed at the same time when progress stress relaxation at a temperature of stress relaxation
After be heat-treated, will control shape and control property be combined into one, thus obtain in high precision, Ti alloy with high performance odd-shaped cross section thin-wall part.
Wherein, step S1 it is die-filling in, cylinder base 1 is put into mold, is closed mold by sealing punch, comprising steps of
The type that cylinder base 1 is put into the mold being made of upper mold 3 and lower die 2 is intracavitary, molds and apply mold clamping force, passes through left formed punch 5 and the right side
Carry out sealing in the end of 4 pairs of cylinder bases 1 of formed punch；It wherein is provided with load coil 6 on left formed punch 5, it is described after the completion of die-filling
Load coil 6 is located inside cylinder base 1.To improve electrical safety, avoid occurring between load coil 6 and cylinder base 1
Short circuit need to stay therebetween certain uniform gap.
Specifically: corresponding heating device, mold and sealing punch are used according to the shape of the cylinder base 1 to be processed, it is above-mentioned
Same as the prior art, this is not repeated.Upper mold 3 and lower die 2 are assemblied on press machine by design requirement, lower die 2 is fixed,
Upper mold 3 goes upward to setting height, and upper mold 3 and lower die 2 open space for placing pipe；Heating element 7 is powered, and upper mold 3 is under
The temperature of mould 2 is stepped up, and after mold is heated to forming after heat treatment temperature T2, it is intracavitary that cylinder base 1 is put into type, passes through control
The movement of press machine master slider molds 3 downlink of upper mold, while left formed punch 5 and right formed punch 4 move toward one another under horizontal cylinder effect,
Make to form closed cavity between a base 1, Zuo Chongtou 5 and right formed punch 4, dynamic answers electric heating coil to be inserted into when Zuo Chongtou 5 is mobile
Inside cylinder base 1.
The range of heat treatment temperature T2 can suitably be chosen according to material, in embodiments of the present invention, heat treatment temperature T2
It is 400-700 DEG C, it is therefore preferable to 550 DEG C.
In step s 2, cylinder base 1 is heated by load coil 6,6 axial length of load coil and cylinder base
1 axial length is close, and load coil 6 is using the copper conductor for having insulating layer and is closely wound into cylindrical shape, conducting wire gold
Belong to core diameter to choose according to actual needs.
Step S2 specifically: open induction heating apparatus 10, cylinder base is heated at heat in advance using induction electric heating coil
Temperature T1 is managed, and keeps the temperature the first duration t1 at heat treatment in advance temperature T1, heat treatment in advance is carried out to cylinder base.
Wherein, heat treatment in advance temperature T1 namely 1 gas pressure compacting temperature of cylinder base can suitably be chosen according to 1 material of cylinder base,
In embodiments of the present invention, the range of heat treatment in advance temperature T1 is 850-1000 DEG C DEG C, it is therefore preferable to 900 DEG C.First duration
T1 can also suitably choose according to 1 material of cylinder base, and t1 is, for example, 5-30min herein, it is therefore preferable to 20min.
In the embodiment of the present invention, cylinder base 1 is individually heated, and temperature is promoted to heat treatment in advance temperature T1, secondary temperature
The preferably solid solubility temperature of cylinder base 1, and solid solubility temperature is usually above traditional forming temperature, this also corresponds to improve the present invention
Forming temperature is increased to solid solubility temperature by the forming temperature of the integral method, can reduce 1 gas expansion forming process of a base
In elastic strain, further increase forming accuracy.
By heating respectively to mold and cylinder base 1, demand can also be regulated and controled according to 1 material heat treatment of cylinder base, it can be with
Cylinder base 1 and mold temperature are freely designed relatively, and the limitation compared to ausforming organization of regulation control performance methodology is smaller, improves
The flexibility of technological operation.
In step S3 air inlet feed supplement forming, high pressure gas is injected into closed cavity, makes a base 1 in the work of high pressure gas
The type chamber of the mold is fitted to the lower quick bulging of generation, comprising steps of by the air inlet 8 being arranged on left formed punch 5,
The compressed gas of admission pressure P1 is injected into closed cavity, while left formed punch 5 and right formed punch 4 carry out axial supplement, feed supplement is complete
Pressure in closed cavity is improved to bulging pressure P2, carries out hot gas pressure compacting by Cheng Hou.
Step S3 specifically: induction heating apparatus 10 is closed, stops heating to cylinder base 1, air inlet 8 is opened and closes gas vent 9,
The compressed gas of feed pressure P1 is injected into cylinder base, while left formed punch 5 and 4 axial feed of right formed punch to certain position are mended
Material, it is to be understood that axial feeding should not limit herein depending on the specific bulging rate or evenness of wall thickness of cylinder base 1
It is fixed.After axial supplement, the pressure in cylinder base 1 is improved to bulging pressure P2, makes a base in bulging pressure P2 and air pressure
Quickly plastic deformation occurs under forming temperature T1, and sticks on mold cavity, forms pipe fitting after hot gas pressure compacting.
Wherein, feed pressure P1, bulging pressure P2 can suitably choose according to 1 material of cylinder base, in the embodiment of the present invention
In, the range of feed pressure P1 is 0.5-3MPa, and the range of bulging pressure P2 is 3-12MPa, and being preferably fed pressure P1 is
1.5MPa, bulging pressure P2 are 8MPa.
It is heat-treated after step S4 stress relaxation and forming, specifically: by air inlet 8, the air pressure in closed cavity is mentioned
Up to stress relaxation pressure P3, so that the complete mold of cylinder base, is further formed hot alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part, meanwhile,
Due to the conduction of heat after hot gas pressure compacting between pipe fitting and mold, the temperature of pipe fitting is decreased up to after hot gas pressure compacting
It is same or similar with the temperature of mold, that is, at this point, the temperature of pipe fitting and the mold temperature are into after hot gas pressure compacting
Heat treatment temperature T2 (namely stress relaxation temperature) after shape is kept at this temperature to time the second duration t2, to complete heat
Heat treatment (specification of heat treatment after shaping is determined according to material) after the stress relaxation and forming of pipe fitting, realizes titanium after state gas pressure compacting
The microstructure and comprehensive performance of alloy odd-shaped cross section thin-wall part regulate and control.
Wherein, the value of relaxation pressure P3 and the second duration t2 can suitably be chosen according to 1 material of cylinder base, of the invention real
It applies in example, the range of relaxation pressure P3 is 12-35Mpa, it is therefore preferable to 24Mpa；The range of second duration t2 is 60-180min,
Preferably 120min.
As shown in connection with fig. 8, Fig. 8 is the TA15 titanium alloy tested using RDL100 electron creep testing machine at 600 DEG C
Under the conditions of stress relaxation curve figure, it can be seen from the figure that stress relaxation number is increasingly with the extension of stress relaxation time
More, but relaxation rate is gradually reduced, when close to 120min clock, stress tends to be constant, therefore after 120min, when continuing to extend
Between it is not significant to stress relaxing effect, therefore in the embodiment of the present invention, the second duration is preferably 120min.
During conventional titanium alloy heat forming technology, performance different degrees of decline frequent occurrence after forming.This
Thin-wall workpiece heat treatment and the gas pressure compacting integral method that invention proposes, by the way that cylinder base 1 is heated to heat treatment in advance
Temperature T1, heat treatment in advance temperature T1 is also gas pressure compacting temperature, while being also the solid solubility temperature of cylinder base 1, and cylinder base 1 is being dissolved
At a temperature of carry out gas expansion forming, the temperature be higher than traditional thermoforming temperatures, under solid solubility temperature keep the temperature a period of time, can will
Part α phase transition in titanium alloy is β phase；And at this point, mold temperature T2 is set as aging temperature, known by aforementioned, T2
< T1；Therefore after titanium alloy cylinder 1 gas expansion forming mold of base, pipe fitting temperature can decline after the hot gas pressure compacting of formation, decline
The β in titanium alloy, which meets, in the process is changed into transformed β tissue；Under conduction of heat, after hot gas pressure compacting after pipe fitting mold,
Temperature will become identical with mold, and at such a temperature during stress relaxation, timeliness can occur for material, analyse in transformed β tissue
The intensity of material can be improved in fine acicular secondaryαphase out, secondaryαphase, to guarantee the performance after the forming of a base 1.
It is described to be gas-cooled to pipe fitting after hot gas pressure compacting in step S5 die sinking pickup, comprising steps of
The gas vent 9 being arranged on right formed punch 4 is opened, injects air cooling pressure P4's into closed cavity by air inlet 8
Compressed gas is that 5-30 DEG C/s is gas-cooled with the cooling velocity of pipe fitting after hot gas pressure compacting, manages after hot gas pressure compacting
When the temperature of part is down to pickup temperature T3, stop air inlet.
Step S5 is specifically included: being closed heating element 7, is opened gas vent 9, while with the pressure P4 that is gas-cooled, passing through air inlet
Inside pipe fitting injects compressed gas after to hot gas pressure compacting, and the heat of alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part is taken away by gas, is made
Alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part is cooled to pickup temperature T3, since cooling is shunk, alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part and mold
Inner wall be detached from, stop air inlet at this time, be down to 0.5MPa to air pressure hereinafter, exiting left formed punch 5 and right formed punch 4, open upper mold 3,
Thin-wall workpiece 11 is taken out, that is, obtains required product.
Wherein, the value of air cooling pressure P4 and pickup temperature T3 can suitably be chosen according to 1 material of cylinder base, of the invention real
It applies in example, the range of air cooling pressure P4 is 4-6MPa, it is therefore preferable to 5MPa；The range of pickup temperature T3 is 400-500 DEG C, preferably
Ground is 450 DEG C.
Compressed gas in embodiment provided by the invention can be compressed gas, the compressed gas of argon gas, nitrogen of air
The compressed gas of the compressed gas of gas, the compressed gas of helium or CO2, it is therefore preferable to the compressed gas of argon gas.
Fig. 3 is thin-wall workpiece heat treatment and gas pressure compacting integral method process sequence diagram, and wherein T1 is preparatory heat
Treatment temperature, T2 are heat treatment temperature after shaping, T3 is pickup temperature, P1 is feed pressure, P2 is bulging pressure, P3 is stress
Relaxation pressure, P4 are air cooling pressure.
As shown in connection with fig. 3, thin-wall workpiece heat treatment provided by the invention and gas pressure compacting integral method, titanium is closed
The forming accuracy control of golden thin-wall part is combined with structure property regulation, and heat treatment and gas pressure compacting two are completed in shaping dies
A process.Firstly, heat treatment in advance is in conjunction with gas pressure compacting: in gas pressure compacting mold, mold is heat-treated after being warming up to forming
Temperature T2, then the heat treatment in advance of a base is carried out, then apply air pressure in heat treatment in advance temperature T1 (with gas pressure compacting temperature)
P2 forming pressure completes Plastic Forming, and a base mold is made to become alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part.Secondly, forming after heat treatment with
Stress relaxation is compound: so that mold is kept heat treatment temperature T1 (with stress relaxation temperature) after forming, using stress relaxation pressure
P3 makes alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part keep mold, cooling is avoided to shrink, and keeps the temperature and protect in the case where mold and air pressure constrain jointly
Pressure is completed at the same time heat treatment after forming with 2 processes of stress relaxation；It is different that titanium alloy finally is carried out under air cooling pressure P4 support
Tee section thin-wall part is cooling, realizes the form accuracy and structure property one of alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part gas pressure compacting process
Bodyization regulation reaches while obtaining high-precision and high performance requirement.
Below by taking TA15 titanium alloy cylinder base 1 as an example, to thin-wall workpiece heat treatment with gas pressure compacting integral method into
Row explanation, integral forming step include:
1, TA15 titanium alloy cylinder base 1 is put into lower die 2, upper mold 3 moves downward, and contacts until with lower die 2, formation pair
Then the external constraint of cylinder base relatively moves left formed punch 5 and right formed punch 4, load coil 6 is inserted into inside cylinder base, left
Confined space is formed between formed punch 5, right formed punch 4 and cylinder base 1, load coil 6 is located in confined space；
2, upper mold 3 and lower die 2 are heated to 600 ± 5 DEG C using heating element 7；
3, open induction heating apparatus 10, cylinder base is heated to 950 ± 5 DEG C, at the temperature 30 minutes, to cylinder base 1 into
Row heat treatment in advance；
4, induction heating apparatus 10 is closed, by air inlet 8, the argon gas of 1MPa, while left formed punch 5 and the right side are injected into cylinder base
Formed punch 4 carries out axial supplement, and after feed supplement, pressure in cylinder base 1 is improved to 10MPa, makes a base that quickly plastic deformation occur,
And the mold cavity that reclines；
5, improve pressure in cylinder base 1 makes the complete mold of a base, forms alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part, pass through to 15MPa
Heat transfer, the temperature of alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part are 600 ± 5 DEG C with the temperature of mold, are protected at this temperature and pressure
Warm 120min；
6, heating element 7 is closed, opens gas vent 9, while continuing through air inlet to alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part
The normal temperature high voltage argon gas of injection 5MPa in 11, until when alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part is cooled to 400 DEG C, since cooling is shunk,
Alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part is detached from from the inner wall of upper mold 3 and lower die 2, is stopped air inlet, is down to 0.5MPa to air pressure hereinafter, moving back
Left formed punch 5 and right formed punch 4 out open upper mold 3, and alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part is taken out, that is, obtains required product.
It is understood that cylinder base 1 used in integral method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is titanium alloy tube, although
Be described by taking TA15 titanium alloy cylinder base 1 as an example, but in other embodiments, titanium alloy tube can also using TC2 titanium alloy,
TC4 titanium alloy, TC31 titanium alloy or Ti55 titanium alloy, as long as being α phase and/or alpha+beta biphase titanium alloy.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 4-5, Fig. 4 is before the TA15 titanium alloy cylinder base shot using Zeiss SUPRA55 scanning electron microscope is shaped
Micro-organization chart, Fig. 5 be TA15 titanium alloy cylinder base forming after micro-organization chart, by contrast as can be seen that forming before it is microcosmic
Tissue is equiaxed structure, and after forming after heat treatment regulation, 11 microstructure evolution of thin-wall workpiece is bifurcation tissue, transformed β
It include secondaryαphase in tissue, namely the thin-wall workpiece 11 after forming also has preferable performance.
In conjunction with shown in 6-7, Fig. 6 be the TA15 titanium alloy cylinder base tested using Instron5569 electronic universal tester at
Stress-strain curve diagram before and after shape at room temperature；Fig. 7 is ess-strain of the TA15 titanium alloy cylinder base forming front and back at 500 DEG C
Curve graph；From fig. 6 it can be seen that under room temperature use condition, the tensile strength of the TA15 thin-wall workpiece 11 after forming
Than improving 11.5% before shaping；Under 500 DEG C of use conditions, the tensile strength of the TA15 thin-wall workpiece 11 after forming liken to
7.7% is improved before shape.
Thin-wall workpiece heat treatment provided by the invention uses cylindrical blank with gas pressure compacting integral method, passes through height
Body of calming the anger effect makes monolithic molding of alloy special-shaped titanium section thin-wall part, effectively prevents multi-disc hot forming part and was welding
The shape distortion generated in journey；And regulation method is combined together with forming process in the structure property mould used, is avoided into
Heating carries out being heat-treated caused shape distortion again after shape, while avoiding a base 1 hot in mold using air pressure inside support
Shape distortion occurs for treatment process；And component inside stress is eliminated using heat treatment temperature, it springs back, improves after avoiding unloading
The precision of the thin-wall workpiece 11 of preparation makes the base 1 under solid solubility temperature additionally by individually cartridge heater base 1 in advance
Gas expansion forming is carried out, structure property regulation is realized；And from tensile strength test, it can also be seen that the titanium alloy after forming
The tensile strength of thin-wall part 11 has obtained effective promotion, achievees the purpose that forming accuracy and structure property overall-in-one control schema.
Although the disclosure discloses as above, the protection scope of the disclosure is not limited only to this.Those skilled in the art are not
Under the premise of being detached from spirit and scope of the present disclosure, it can make various changes and modify, these changes will fall into this with modification
The protection scope of invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of thin-wall workpiece heat treatment and gas pressure compacting integral method, which is characterized in that comprising steps of
It is S1, die-filling: mold being heated to heat treatment temperature T2 after forming, then cylinder base (1) is put into the mold, by close
The mold is closed by envelope formed punch, so as to form closed cavity between the sealing punch and the cylinder base (1)；
S2, the heating of cylinder base: the cylinder base (1) is heated to heat treatment in advance temperature T1 and keeps the first duration t1；
S3, air inlet feed supplement forming: stop the heating to the cylinder base (1), and inject high pressure gas into the closed cavity, make
Quick bulging occurs under the action of high pressure gas and fits to the type chamber of the mold for the cylinder base (1), obtains hot air pressure
Pipe fitting after forming；
It is heat-treated after S4, stress relaxation and forming: the pressure in the closed cavity is improved to stress relaxation pressure P3 and protected
Hold the second duration t2；
S5, die sinking pickup: stop heating the mold, open exhaust outlet, and carry out to pipe fitting after the hot gas pressure compacting
Air cooling, is finally opened pickup, obtains thin-wall workpiece (11).
2. thin-wall workpiece heat treatment according to claim 1 and gas pressure compacting integral method, which is characterized in that step
It is described to heat mold in rapid S1, comprising steps of
It will be embedded heating element (7) energization in the mould, the mold is heated.
3. thin-wall workpiece heat treatment according to claim 1 and gas pressure compacting integral method, which is characterized in that step
It is described that cylinder base (1) is put into the mold in rapid S1, the mold is closed by sealing punch, comprising steps of
The type that the cylinder base (1) is put into the mold being made of upper mold (3) and lower die (2) is intracavitary, molds and applies molding
Power carries out sealing to the end of the cylinder base (1) by left formed punch (5) and right formed punch (4)；
Load coil (6) wherein are provided on the left formed punch (5), after the completion of die-filling, the load coil (6)
It is internal positioned at cylinder base (1).
4. thin-wall workpiece heat treatment according to claim 3 and gas pressure compacting integral method, which is characterized in that step
It is described that high pressure gas is injected into closed cavity in rapid S3, occur that the cylinder base (1) under the action of high pressure gas quickly swollen
Shape and the type chamber for fitting to the mold, comprising steps of
By the air inlet (8) being arranged on the left formed punch (5), the compression of admission pressure P1 is injected in Xiang Suoshu closed cavity
Gas, while the left formed punch (5) and the right formed punch (4) progress axial supplement will be in the closed cavities after the completion of feed supplement
Pressure improve to bulging pressure P2, carry out hot gas pressure compacting.
5. thin-wall workpiece heat treatment according to claim 3 and gas pressure compacting integral method, which is characterized in that institute
It states and is gas-cooled to pipe fitting after hot gas pressure compacting, comprising steps of
The gas vent (9) being arranged on the right formed punch (4) is opened, note in the air inlet (8) Xiang Suoshu closed cavity is passed through
Enter to be gas-cooled the compressed gas of pressure P4, is that 5-30 DEG C/s is gas-cooled with the cooling velocity of pipe fitting after the hot gas pressure compacting,
When the temperature of pipe fitting is down to pickup temperature T3 after the hot gas pressure compacting, stop air inlet.
6. thin-wall workpiece heat treatment according to any one of claims 1-5 and gas pressure compacting integral method,
It is characterized in that, in step S4, after the stress relaxation and forming under heat treatment process, pipe fitting after the hot gas pressure compacting
Temperature is same or similar with the temperature of the mold.
7. thin-wall workpiece heat treatment according to claim 6 and gas pressure compacting integral method, which is characterized in that institute
The range for stating heat treatment in advance temperature T1 is 850-1000 DEG C, and the range of heat treatment temperature T2 is 400-700 DEG C after the forming.
8. thin-wall workpiece heat treatment according to claim 4 and gas pressure compacting integral method, which is characterized in that institute
The range for stating feed pressure P1 is 0.5-3MPa, and the range of the bulging pressure P2 is 3-12MPa, the stress relaxation pressure P3
Range be 12-35Mpa.
9. thin-wall workpiece heat treatment according to claim 1 and gas pressure compacting integral method, which is characterized in that institute
The range for stating the first duration t1 is 5-30min, and the range of the second duration t2 is 60-180min.
10. thin-wall workpiece heat treatment according to any one of claims 1-5 and gas pressure compacting integral method,
It is characterized in that, the cylinder base (1) is titanium alloy tube, and the titanium alloy tube is that nearly α phase is and/or alpha+beta two-phase series titanium alloy.
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