CN110328439A - A kind of narrow clearance welding gun and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of narrow clearance welding gun and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110328439A CN110328439A CN201910676341.3A CN201910676341A CN110328439A CN 110328439 A CN110328439 A CN 110328439A CN 201910676341 A CN201910676341 A CN 201910676341A CN 110328439 A CN110328439 A CN 110328439A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
- B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention belongs to narrow gap welding technologies.When in order to solve to carry out narrow gap welding operation using conventional narrow clearance welding gun, it is involved in the problem that air causes quality of weld joint low since protective gas is easy to appear vortex, the invention proposes a kind of narrow clearance welding guns.The narrow clearance welding gun includes the gun body of flat structure, and gun body includes weldering front unit, welding unit and postwelding unit；Wherein weldering front unit is equipped with the first protective gas channel and the second protective gas channel, and welding unit is equipped with wire feed channel and nozzle, and postwelding unit is equipped with third protective gas channel；The outlet in the first protective gas channel is directed toward weldering front direction and in vertical direction with acute angle relation, and the outlet in the second protective gas channel is directed toward postwelding direction and in vertical direction with acute angle relation, and weld seam setting is directed toward in the outlet in third protective gas channel.Narrow clearance welding gun of the invention guarantees quality of weld joint it is possible to prevente effectively from air is involved in welding region by protective gas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to narrow gap welding equipment technical fields, and in particular to a kind of narrow clearance welding gun and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Narrow gap welding (narrow gap welding, NGW) is mainly applied in thick plates, before welding, welding
Interface position square groove or low-angle groove, and there are narrow and deep gaps.It will using the method for fusing gas shielded arc welding
Whole weld seam high efficiency welding.Narrow gap welding has the advantage that filling metal can be greatly reduced in relatively narrow weld seam
Dosage reduces the cost of raw material；Thermal weld stress amount is low, and heat affected area is relatively narrow, and weld joint mechanical strength character is good；Deformation
Small, residual stress is small, good mechanical performance, and shape is easy to control；High production efficiency, when plate thickness is 100mm, narrow gap welding ratio
The submerged-arc welding production efficiency of conventional method is higher by 50%, and when plate thickness is more than 200mm, narrow gap welding is than submerged-arc welding production efficiency
It is higher by 2.5 times.Based on above-mentioned advantage, so that highest attention of the narrow gap welding technology by various countries' welding expert, nowadays narrow
Gap is welded on manufacturing industry and is used widely.
However, found during the operation of practical narrow gap welding, if selecting the common welding gun of conventional circular structure,
It may be then cylindrical structure due to gun body and diameter dimension is excessive and effective welding position that can not go directly, not only result in this way
Protective gas occurs as soon as diverging before reaching welding position, and gas shield effect is greatly lowered, and may at all can not
Carry out effective narrow gap welding operation；If the conventional narrow clearance welding gun of Bao Ergao is selected to be subjected to, so that it may benefit
Protective gas is effectively delivered to welding position with flat gun body part, but but discovery is located at the high speed of welding front position
Easily vortex is formed when protective gas is contacted with weld seam bottom and is involved in outside air, influences the quality of welding point.
Summary of the invention
When in order to solve to carry out narrow gap welding operation using conventional narrow clearance welding gun, due to being easy after protective gas output
It is formed and is vortexed and being involved in air leads to the problem of quality of weld joint difference, the invention proposes a kind of narrow clearance welding guns.This narrow
Gap welding gun, the gun body including flat structure, the gun body include weldering front unit, the welding unit being sequentially distributed along welding direction
With postwelding unit；Wherein, the weldering front unit is equipped with the first protective gas channel and the second protective gas channel, and the welding is single
Member is equipped with wire feed channel and nozzle, and the postwelding unit is equipped with third protective gas channel；First protective gas channel
Outlet is directed toward weldering front direction and in vertical direction with acute angle relation, and postwelding side is directed toward in the outlet in second protective gas channel
To and in vertical direction with acute angle relation, position while welding is directed toward in the outlet in third protective gas channel.
Preferably, the gun body of the narrow clearance welding gun is split type structure, the weldering front unit, the welding unit and described
Postwelding unit uses detachable connection.
Preferably, third protective gas channel is equipped with multiple outlets, and is sequentially distributed setting along welding direction.
Preferably, the discharge area in third protective gas channel is greater than its import sectional area.
It is further preferred that the outlet in third protective gas channel is obliquely installed to postwelding direction.
A kind of preparation method being used to prepare above-mentioned narrow clearance welding gun, wherein using the method for selective laser fusing to narrow
It is prepared by the gun body part of gap welding gun, the specific steps are as follows:
Step S1 carries out the three-dimensional structure modeling of gun body part, and completes corresponding slice work and path planning；
The gun body three-dimensional structure obtained in step S1 is directed into the melting unit of selective laser, and completes by step S2
To the dress powder of selective laser melting unit, leveling and open the preparations such as protective gas and laser；
Step S3 successively carries out powdering and laser scanning operation according to the slice and path planning specified in step S1, complete
The preparation of pairs of lance body structure.
Preferably, in the preparation process that the step S3 carries out gun body, quality testing and control are carried out to preparation process,
Wherein for during the melt operation of single layer selective laser quality testing and rate-determining steps it is as follows:
Step S31 after completing the operation of single layer powdering, carries out Image Acquisition to powdering region, obtains powdering image；
Step S32 analyzes the powdering image of acquisition, obtains the uneven powdering area in powdering image range；
When uneven powdering area is lower than setting value, laser scanning processing is carried out to the powder of laying, when uneven powdering area etc.
When setting value, powdering repair process is carried out to the powder of laying, until powdering area lower than until setting value；
Step S33 carries out acoustic emission signal acquisition to the process of laser scanning powder, and records to acoustic emission signal
Analysis, obtain laser scanning during by acoustic emission signal determine scanning defective locations, wherein the scanning defective locations with
Time and scanning track are used as to be determined with reference to progress coordinate；
Step S34 after the laser scanning operation for completing powder, carries out Image Acquisition to scanning area, obtains scan image,
Analysis is carried out to scan image and obtains the scanning defective locations determined by Image Acquisition；
Step S35, in step S33 by acoustic emission signal determine scanning defective locations and step S34 in pass through figure
As the determining scanning defective locations of acquisition are compared；When the scanning defective locations determined by acoustic emission signal and pass through scanning
When the coordinate difference between scanning defective locations that image determines exceeds range of set value, then next layer of powdering operation is carried out, when
The scanning defective locations determined by acoustic emission signal and the coordinate difference scanned between defective locations determined by scan image
When within range of set value, then determine that there are laser scanning defects for the position, carry out reparation and again detection processing to the position,
Until determining scanning defective locations not over acoustic emission signal in repair process or determining that scanning lacks not over scan image
Position is fallen into, then the scanning defective locations either determined by acoustic emission signal and the scanning defective bit determined by scan image
Coordinate difference between setting exceeds range of set value.
It is further preferred that in the step S32, first using threshold function to the powdering image of acquisition into
Row processing, is binarized color of image, then calculates the pixel in image, obtains black region area in image and is
For uneven powdering area.
It is further preferred that first based on computer digital animation, being with machine learning in the step S33
Modeling tool builds the mathematical model of suitable voice signal classification, then using mathematical modeling to the acoustic emission signal of acquisition into
Row analysis；
Wherein, it is extracted using magnitudes of acoustic waves of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to different frequency-domain segments, by the flat of each frequency-domain segment
Equal amplitude uses wavelet analysis method to be filtered, be layered to acoustic emission signal and Energy-Entropy spy as feature extraction
Sign is extracted, and is returned using logistic, decision tree, and Bayesian network classifies to the characteristic value thickness of signal, resulting to test
" signal-thickness " information must not be lower than 200 groups as machine learning data, training set, it is desirable that data discrete degree is big；It completes
After the mathematical modeling of model, acoustic emission signal is acquired again, and the collected acoustic emission signal of institute is subjected to feature extraction, is converted into
Average amplitude and Energy-Entropy, and inputting mathematical model is verified, mathematical model final result is true by the way of Nearest Neighbor with Weighted Voting
It is fixed, if mathematical model accuracy rate, which is higher than 90% or more, can use the mathematical model.
It is further preferred that in the step S34, first using threshold function to the scan image of acquisition into
Row processing, is binarized color of image, then calculates the pixel in image, obtains the face of defect area in image
Product, shape and coordinate position.
Narrow clearance welding gun of the invention has the advantages that compared with conventional narrow clearance welding gun
1, in narrow clearance welding gun of the invention, by being set to point to weldering front direction simultaneously in the foremost position of weldering front unit
And before being welded in vertical direction with the first protective gas channel of acute angle relation protective gas output, in this way using first protect
Protective gas can form gas diaphragm before the weldering of shield gas passage output, before avoiding the weldering exported by the second protective gas channel
Protective gas forms vortex and is involved in air, to solve the problems, such as air being involved in welding region, has reached raising
Protecting effect and thus obtained quality of weld joint of the protective gas to welding.
2, in narrow gap welding of the invention is robbed, by the weldering front unit, welding unit and postwelding unit that will form welding gun
It is designed as split type structure, the standardized production manufacture of individual unit not only may be implemented, reduce manufacturing cost, and using
Fast assembling-disassembling replacement can also be carried out to Individual cells in the process, the structure type of narrow clearance welding gun be adjusted, to meet difference
The use of operating condition.
3, it in the present invention, by introducing acoustical signal defect inspection method and image defect detection method, realizes to paving
Long-range real-time defects detection during powder and laser scanning, the so not only energy during melt operation of single layer selective laser
Enough discovery defect problems in time and directly quick repair process, avoid the defects of preparation process problem is capped from ignoring and cause
The waste problem off quality and thus handling entire scrap of the product of final molding product, to improve selective laser
The efficiency and quality assurance of melt operation, and during laser scanning, it is lacked using acoustical signal defect inspection method and image
The comparison between detection method is fallen into, judgement precision and the efficiency to defect can be greatly improved, guarantees to use selective laser
The efficiency and quality of melting method progress narrow clearance welding gun preparation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the gun body outline structural diagram of narrow clearance welding gun in the present embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the gun body schematic cross-section of narrow clearance welding gun in the present embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the gas for carrying out the simulation of protective gas hydrodynamics gas trajectory line to narrow clearance welding gun in the present embodiment and obtaining
Body trace simulation schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the gas for carrying out the simulation of protective gas hydrodynamics gas trajectory line to narrow clearance welding gun in comparative example 1 and obtaining
Body trace simulation schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the flow diagram prepared to the gun body of narrow clearance welding gun in the present embodiment；
Fig. 6 is that the process for carrying out quality testing and control to single layer powdering and laser scanning process in the present embodiment is illustrated
Figure；
Powdering layer after Fig. 7 operates powdering carries out image taking powdering image schematic diagram obtained；
Fig. 8 is using threshold function to the image schematic diagram obtained after powdering image procossing shown in Fig. 7；
Fig. 9 is to carry out image taking scan image schematic diagram obtained to the scanning slice after laser scanning operation；
Figure 10 is using threshold function to the image schematic diagram obtained after the processing of scan image shown in Fig. 9.
Specific embodiment
It describes in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to technical solution of the present invention.
Referring to figs. 1 and 2, the narrow clearance welding gun of the present embodiment includes the gun body of flat structure, and gun body packet
Include weldering front unit 1, welding unit 2 and the postwelding unit 3 being sequentially distributed along welding direction.
Weldering front unit 1, which is equipped with, is used for while introducing the first protective gas channel 11 for welding preceding protective gas and the second protection gas
Body channel 12.Wherein, in the present embodiment, the introducing of protective gas before being welded using common importation, and first protects
Gas passage 11 and the second protective gas channel 12 are protected then directly as two output par, cs of protective gas before welding, and thus may be used
The repetition in same gas channel is arranged in weldering front unit with reducing, the structure design of optimization weldering front unit.In welding unit 2
Equipped with for introducing welding wire wire feed channel 21 and nozzle 22, and to be fixed on wire feed logical for the mode that is connected through a screw thread of nozzle 22
The end in road 21, in order to carry out fast assembling-disassembling replacement between the two.Postwelding unit 3 is then equipped with for introducing postwelding protection gas
The third protective gas channel 31 of body.It is directed toward weldering front direction and in vertical direction with sharp in the outlet in the first protective gas channel 11
Angular dependence, the outlet in the second protective gas channel 12 is directed toward postwelding direction and in vertical direction with acute angle relation, such as is distributed
In the range of 40 °~55 °, bead direction is directed toward in the outlet in third protective gas channel 31.
The fluid force of protective gas is carried out to the narrow clearance welding gun using the present embodiment structure by SolidWorks software
The analysis of gas trace simulation is learned, obtains gas trajectory line simulation schematic diagram as shown in Figure 3, while using identical method to right
Narrow clearance welding gun in ratio 1 carries out the hydrodynamics gas trace simulation analysis of protective gas, and obtains gas shown in Fig. 4
Trajectory line simulates schematic diagram.Wherein, the difference of narrow clearance welding gun and narrow clearance welding gun in the present embodiment is only that in comparative example 1:
Narrow clearance welding gun in comparative example 1 does not open up the first protective gas channel.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the sunykatuib analysis between comparative example 1 is compared it is found that by welding through this embodiment
Rifle foremost position is set to point to weldering front direction and the first protective gas channel carry out portion in vertical direction with acute angle relation
Divide the output of protective gas before welding, directly a gas diaphragm can be formed in the welding front area of welding gun, for isolation weldering
The air for connecing front end enters welding region, while the atmospheric pressure of protective gas acts on before the output of the first protective gas channel is welded
Under, protective gas all flows to postwelding direction before the weldering that the second protective gas channel can be made to export, to avoid the second protection
Protective gas forms vortex in welding region and is involved in air before the weldering of gas passage output, effectively solves air being involved in welding
The problem of region, improves protective effect of the protective gas to welding process, guarantees thus obtained quality of weld joint.
Referring to figs. 1 and 2, the gun body of narrow clearance welding gun adopts a split structure design in the present embodiment, and welds
Detachable connection is respectively adopted between front unit 1, welding unit 2 and postwelding unit 3.In this way, single list not only may be implemented
The standardized production manufacture of member, reduces manufacturing cost, and can also carry out fast assembling-disassembling to individual unit in use
Replacement, for example, individually replacement welding unit to realize conveying to different-diameter size welding wire, meet the welding gun it is a variety of not
With the use under operating condition.
In the present embodiment, it welds front unit 1 and postwelding unit 3 carries out insulation connection with welding unit 2 respectively, such as select
Epoxy resin tackifier carries out cementation connection, can be realized simultaneously being fixedly connected between three and insulation processing in this way,
To avoid welding current present in welding unit from diffusing to weldering front unit or postwelding unit, and welding is operated and generates safety
Hidden danger.
In other embodiments, according to design requirement, weld front unit and postwelding unit can also directly adopt it is resistant to high temperature
Isolation material carries out processing and fabricating, fundamentally avoids the conductive hidden danger of weldering front unit and postwelding unit, equally can also be directly
The sliding slot of selection high-temperature resistance plastice material carries out weldering front unit and postwelding unit is connect with the inserting of welding unit respectively, so both
It is easy to disassemble, insulation protection also may be implemented.
As shown in connection with fig. 2, in the present embodiment, multiple exit form is set by the outlet in third protective gas channel 31,
And multiple outlets are sequentially distributed setting along welding direction.In this way, postwelding protective gas can be delivered to longer weld seam table
Face protects the postwelding of bigger region inside weld to realize, guarantees the quality of welding point.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the discharge area in third protective gas channel 31 is also set greater than its import
Sectional area achievees the effect that slow down to postwelding protective gas by generating decompression when outlet output, avoids the excessive production of speed with this
It gives birth to jet effect and is involved in air, the influence to quality of weld seam molding is caused, to guarantee the quality of welding point.Similarly, exist
In the present embodiment, it is preferably fluidic architecture by the exit design in the first protective gas channel 31, protects gas before improving its butt welding
The output speed and pressure of body, to obtain better air-isolation effect.
It is further preferred that the outlet in third protective gas channel to be set to point to the heeling condition in postwelding direction, i.e.,
It is directed toward postwelding direction and in vertical direction with acute angle relation in the outlet in third protective gas channel.In this way, being moved in whole welding gun
In the case where dynamic speed very little, by making the postwelding protective gas of third protective gas channel output actively along the surface of weld seam
Flow to postwelding direction, can to avoid postwelding local location due to postwelding gas weld seam export or along weldering front direction output and
There is the problem of resultant turbulence causes air to be mixed into, avoids influencing welding point due to postwelding connector rapid, high volume ingress of air
Quality.
As shown in connection with fig. 2, in the weldering front unit 1, welding unit 2 and postwelding unit 3 of the present embodiment narrow clearance welding gun gun body
In further respectively have the first cooling pipe 13, the second cooling pipe 23 and third cooling pipe 32, for different units carry out
It cools, maintains the gun body operating temperature of entire welding gun.Preferably, for weldering front unit 1, welding unit 2 in the present embodiment
It is all made of the design of flat structure with postwelding unit 3, cooling pipe is designed as U-shaped structure, to increase cooling pipe in rifle
Intracorporal distributed areas area reaches the cooling to entire gun body, temperature control effect.Wherein, it welds in front unit 1 and postwelding unit 3
The cooling pipe region that both passes through the bottom section of respective unit and contacted with welding unit 2, so as to quickly take away
The heat of the high-temperature area of heated most serious improves cooling efficiency, similarly, cooling pipe in welding unit 2 then with give
Silk 21 keeping parallelism of channel design, reaches the best cooling effect to welding unit.
As shown in connection with fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the gun body part that narrow gap welding is robbed all uses metal material and selects
Prepared by the method for selective laser fusing, specific preparation process is as follows:
Step S1 carries out three-dimensional structure to weldering front unit, postwelding unit and the welding unit of composition gun body part respectively and sets
Meter, and complete corresponding slice work and path planning.Wherein it is possible to by the hydrodynamics gas of above-mentioned carry out protective gas
The optimization design of SolidWorks software progress three-dimensional structure and corresponding slice and road used in the analysis of body trace simulation
Diameter planning.
The threedimensional model of the weldering front unit, postwelding unit and welding unit that obtain in step S1 is directed respectively by step S2
Into metal laser selective melting equipment, and completes to the dress powder of metal laser selective melting equipment, leveling and open guarantor
Shield gas and laser etc. prepare work in advance.
In the present embodiment, it welds front unit and postwelding unit selects 316L austenitic stainless steel+alloying element (1%Mo+
Dusty material 0.1%V) carries out printing preparation, and welding unit then selects the dusty material of bronze+alloying element (6%Al)
Printing preparation is carried out, entire gun body can be made to obtain excellent thermal conductivity in this way, thus raising prepares narrow gap
The service performance and service life of welding gun.
Step S3, first according to distinguish in step S1 butt welding front unit, the slice that postwelding unit and welding unit carry out and
Path planning successively carries out powdering and laser scanning operation, prepares weldering front unit, postwelding unit and welding unit, then
The weldering front unit, postwelding unit and welding unit that prepare are fixedly connected, to complete the preparation to gun body.
In the present embodiment, it is prepared by using the gun body that the method for selective laser fusing carries out narrow clearance welding gun, not only
It can accurately choose best material powder according to design requirement and be prepared, obtain the material property of welding gun and greatly mention
It rises, but also the accurate machining preparation to local fine structure may be implemented, to promote the structural behaviour of welding gun.For example,
The localized positions of the gas passage of postwelding unit and cooling duct handover, so that it may to dispersion, small size tapered support
Preparation processing is carried out, the normal preparation without influencing gas passage and cooling duct, and finally obtain and promote postwelding cellular construction
The effect of intensity.
As shown in connection with fig. 6, the gun body preparation process of above-mentioned narrow clearance welding gun is carried out in the method using selective laser fusing
In, while quality testing and control are carried out to preparation process, to guarantee to obtain welding gun gun body by selective laser melting method
Quality.Wherein, as follows to the quality testing and rate-determining steps that carry out during single layer powdering and laser scanning:
Step S31 after completing the operation of single layer powdering, carries out Image Acquisition to powdering region, obtains powdering image.
As shown in connection with fig. 7, after the powdering arm of metal laser selective melting former completes the operation of single layer powdering, by scheming
As acquisition equipment, such as high-speed camera, Image Acquisition is carried out to powdering region, obtains powdering image as shown in Figure 7, and will
The powdering image transmitting of acquisition to computer carries out subsequent processing.
Step S32 analyzes the powdering image of acquisition, obtains the uneven powdering area in powdering image range.
When uneven powdering area is lower than setting value, show that the powdering layer meets powdering quality requirement, so that it may directly to the powdering
Layer carries out laser scanning processing；When uneven powdering area is equal to or higher than setting value, then show that there are powderings for the powdering layer
Defect needs to carry out powdering reparation to the powdering layer, until the uneven powdering area of the powdering layer is lower than setting value.
Referring to figs. 7 and 8, in the present embodiment, firstly, being spread using shown in the Fig. 7 of threshold function to acquisition
Powder image is handled, and color of image is binarized, and shows image with two kinds of color values of black and white, to obtain corresponding figure
Image shown in 8.Then, the pixel in image shown in Fig. 8 is carried out that black and white accounting is calculated, to obtain black region in image
Domain area is uneven powdering area.Then, determine whether the powdering layer meets paving according to the size of uneven powdering area
Powder requirement.It wherein, can be by the 20% of acquired image area as setting value and uneven paving according to requirement is designed and prepared
Powder product carries out size comparison, and the size of the same setting value is according to circumstances to be adjusted, to meet different operating conditions pair
The control requirement of powdering quality.
In addition, the pixel in image is calculated first when carrying out the reparation of powdering layer, it is accurate to obtain defect area face
Then the data such as product, shape and position range control the powdering arm in metal laser selective melting former according to the data
It is acted, completes the accurate repair process to powdering defect area.
Step S33 carries out acoustic emission signal acquisition to laser scanning powder process, and carries out record point to acoustic emission signal
Analysis, obtain laser scanning during by acoustic emission signal determine scanning defective locations, wherein the scanning defective locations with when
Between and scanning track be used as with reference to carry out coordinate determine.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, first based on computer digital animation, using machine learning as modeling tool,
The mathematical model for building suitable voice signal classification, then recycles mathematical modeling to analyze the acoustic emission signal of acquisition.
Wherein, it is extracted using magnitudes of acoustic waves of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to different frequency-domain segments, by the flat of each frequency-domain segment
Equal amplitude uses wavelet analysis method to be filtered, be layered to acoustic emission signal and Energy-Entropy spy as feature extraction
Sign is extracted, and is returned using logistic, decision tree, and Bayesian network classifies to the characteristic value thickness of signal, resulting to test
" signal-thickness " information must not be lower than 200 groups as machine learning data, training set, it is desirable that data discrete degree is big.It completes
After the mathematical modeling of model, acoustic emission signal is acquired again, and the collected acoustic emission signal of institute is subjected to feature extraction, is converted into
Average amplitude and Energy-Entropy, and be input to mathematical model and verified, mathematical model final result is by the way of Nearest Neighbor with Weighted Voting
It determines, if mathematical model accuracy rate, which is higher than 90% or more, can use the mathematical model.
Step S34 after the laser scanning operation for completing powder, carries out Image Acquisition to scanning area, obtains scan image,
And analysis is carried out to scan image and obtains the scanning defective locations determined by scan image.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 9 and Figure 10, in the present embodiment, firstly, using shown in the Fig. 9 of threshold function to acquisition
Scan image is handled, and color of image is binarized, and is showed image with two kinds of color values of black and white, is obtained figure as shown in Figure 10
Picture.Then, the pixel in image shown in Figure 10 is carried out that black and white accounting is calculated, and obtains the face of defect area in image
Product, shape and coordinate position.
Step S35, to the scanning defective locations obtained in the scanning defective locations and step S34 obtained in step S33 into
Row compares analysis, determines the defect situation of laser scanning.Wherein, when the scanning defective locations that are determined by acoustic emission signal and logical
When the coordinate difference between scanning defective locations that over-scanned images determine exceeds range of set value, then determine to be laid with powder to the layer
Laser scanning meet the requirements, can carry out next layer powdering operation and laser scanning operation；When true by acoustic emission signal
Coordinate difference between fixed scanning defective locations and the scanning defective locations determined by scan image is within range of set value
When, then the position is determined there are laser scanning defect, needs to carry out the defective locations repair process and again detection processing, until
Scanning defective locations are determined not over acoustic emission signal in repair process or determine scanning defective bit not over scan image
Set, then either by acoustic emission signal determine scanning defective locations with by scan image determine scanning defective locations it
Between coordinate difference exceed range of set value.
In this embodiment, it by introducing acoustical signal defect inspection method and image defect detection method, realizes to powdering
It, so not only can during the melt operation of single layer selective laser with the long-range real-time defects detection during laser scanning
Discovery defect problem and directly quick repair process in time avoid defect problem capped ignore of preparation process and cause final
The waste problem off quality and thus handling entire scrap of the product of shaped article, to improve selective laser fusing
The efficiency and quality assurance of operation, and during laser scanning, it is examined using acoustical signal defect inspection method and image deflects
Mutual comparison between survey method can greatly improve judgement precision and efficiency to defect, guarantee to use selective laser
Melting method prepares the efficiency and quality of narrow clearance welding gun.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of narrow clearance welding gun, which is characterized in that the narrow clearance welding gun includes the gun body of flat structure, and the gun body includes
Weldering front unit, welding unit and the postwelding unit being sequentially distributed along welding direction；Wherein, the weldering front unit is equipped with the first protection
Gas passage and the second protective gas channel, the welding unit are equipped with wire feed channel and nozzle, and the postwelding unit is equipped with the
Three protective gas channels；It is directed toward weldering front direction and is closed in vertical direction with acute angle in the outlet in first protective gas channel
System, the outlet in second protective gas channel are directed toward postwelding direction and in vertical direction with acute angle relations, and the third is protected
It is directed toward position while welding in the outlet for protecting gas passage.
2. narrow clearance welding gun according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the gun body of the narrow clearance welding gun is split type knot
Structure, the weldering front unit, the welding unit and the postwelding unit use detachable connection.
3. narrow clearance welding gun according to claim 1, which is characterized in that third protective gas channel be equipped with it is multiple go out
Mouthful, and setting is sequentially distributed along welding direction.
4. narrow clearance welding gun according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the outlet in third protective gas channel
Product is greater than its import sectional area.
5. narrow clearance welding gun according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the outlet in third protective gas channel is to weldering
Rear direction is obliquely installed.
6. a kind of preparation method for being used to prepare above-mentioned narrow clearance welding gun, which is characterized in that the method melted using selective laser
It prepared by the gun body part of narrow clearance welding gun, the specific steps are as follows:
Step S1 carries out the three-dimensional structure modeling of gun body part, and completes corresponding slice work and path planning；
The gun body three-dimensional structure obtained in step S1 is directed into the melting unit of selective laser by step S2, and is completed to sharp
Dress powder, leveling and the unlatching preparations such as protective gas and laser of light selective melting equipment；
Step S3 successively carries out powdering and laser scanning operation, completion pair according to the slice and path planning specified in step S1
The preparation of lance body structure.
7. narrow clearance welding gun preparation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that carry out gun body in the step S3
In preparation process, quality testing and control are carried out to preparation process, wherein for during the melt operation of single layer selective laser
Quality testing and rate-determining steps are as follows:
Step S31 after completing the operation of single layer powdering, carries out Image Acquisition to powdering region, obtains powdering image；
Step S32 analyzes the powdering image of acquisition, obtains the uneven powdering area in powdering image range；When not
When uniform powdering area is lower than setting value, laser scanning processing is carried out to the powder of laying, be equal to when uneven powdering area or
When higher than setting value, powdering repair process is carried out to the powder of laying, until powdering area lower than until setting value；
Step S33 carries out acoustic emission signal acquisition to the process of laser scanning powder, and carries out record point to acoustic emission signal
Analysis, obtain laser scanning during by acoustic emission signal determine scanning defective locations, wherein the scanning defective locations with when
Between and scanning track be used as with reference to carry out coordinate determine；
Step S34 after the laser scanning operation for completing powder, carries out Image Acquisition to scanning area, obtains scan image, to sweeping
Tracing obtains the scanning defective locations determined by Image Acquisition as carrying out analysis；
Step S35 is adopted in the scanning defective locations and step S34 determined in step S33 by acoustic emission signal by image
The determining scanning defective locations of collection are compared；When the scanning defective locations determined by acoustic emission signal and pass through scan image
When coordinate difference between determining scanning defective locations exceeds range of set value, then next layer of powdering operation is carried out, when passing through
The scanning defective locations and set by the coordinate difference between the determining scanning defective locations of scan image that acoustic emission signal determines
When within limits, then determine that there are laser scanning defects for the position, carry out reparation and again detection processing to the position, until
Scanning defective locations are determined not over acoustic emission signal in repair process or determine scanning defective bit not over scan image
Set, then either by acoustic emission signal determine scanning defective locations with by scan image determine scanning defective locations it
Between coordinate difference exceed range of set value.
8. narrow clearance welding gun preparation method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in the step S32, adopt first
It is handled with powdering image of the threshold function to acquisition, is binarized color of image, then to the pixel in image
It is calculated, obtaining black region area in image is uneven powdering area.
9. narrow clearance welding gun preparation method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in the step S33, first with
Based on computer digital animation, using machine learning as modeling tool, the mathematical model of suitable voice signal classification is built, then
It is analyzed using acoustic emission signal of the mathematical modeling to acquisition；
Wherein, it is extracted using magnitudes of acoustic waves of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to different frequency-domain segments, by the average width of each frequency-domain segment
Value is used as feature extraction, while is filtered to acoustic emission signal using wavelet analysis method, being layered and Energy-Entropy feature mentions
It takes, is returned using logistic, decision tree, Bayesian network classifies to the characteristic value thickness of signal, to test resulting " letter
Number-thickness " information is as machine learning data, training set must not be lower than 200 groups, it is desirable that data discrete degree is big；Complete model
Mathematical modeling after, acquire acoustic emission signal again, the collected acoustic emission signal of institute be subjected to a feature extraction, is converted into average
Amplitude and Energy-Entropy, and inputting mathematical model is verified, mathematical model final result is determined by the way of Nearest Neighbor with Weighted Voting, if
Mathematical model accuracy rate, which is higher than 90% or more, can use the mathematical model.
10. narrow clearance welding gun preparation method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in the step S34, first
It is handled using scan image of the threshold function to acquisition, is binarized color of image, then to the picture in image
Element is calculated, and area, shape and the coordinate position of defect area in image are obtained.
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