CN110328351B - Water glass sand-free molding process method for anti-gravity pouring investment casting - Google Patents
Water glass sand-free molding process method for anti-gravity pouring investment casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN110328351B CN110328351B CN201910745131.5A CN201910745131A CN110328351B CN 110328351 B CN110328351 B CN 110328351B CN 201910745131 A CN201910745131 A CN 201910745131A CN 110328351 B CN110328351 B CN 110328351B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
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Abstract
A process method for pouring an investment casting without molding sodium silicate sand by antigravity comprises the following steps of designing a pouring system according to casting characteristics; then pressing and assembling the casting wax mold, and using a flanging pouring cup; then preparing a mould shell of the casting; and finally, pouring the casting mould shell against gravity. The invention improves the flanging pouring cup from the practical situation of the production process of casting wax mold, shell making and pouring; in order to ensure the consistency with the original pouring process scheme, the heat-insulating ceramic and modeling flat plate are matched with the pouring process operation, and the modeling-free process method is improved in a multi-angle system mode. The invention solves the problem of water glass sand-free molding of the antigravity pouring and investment casting method, and the antigravity pouring is better applied to investment casting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a process method for molding a water glass sand-free anti-gravity pouring investment casting, which is suitable for a production method for the anti-gravity pouring investment casting.
Background
At the present stage, a mature antigravity casting process is developed, wherein under the action of gas pressure, molten metal is filled into a casting mold from bottom to top in a direction opposite to the gravity direction, the rising speed of the molten metal through a liquid lifting pipe and the mold filling speed of a cavity are determined by the pressurization speed of gas, and the higher the pressurization speed is, the higher the mold filling speed is. Therefore, the antigravity pouring has the characteristics of stable filling, controllable filling speed, reasonable temperature field distribution and favorable solidification feeding of the casting by solidification under pressure, and the produced casting has excellent mechanical property, compact structure and less casting defects. At present, more and more castings adopt a method of antigravity pouring and investment casting technology, but the mould filling pressure of the antigravity pouring mode is huge, higher requirements are put forward for the mould shell moulding technology, the mould shell needs to be fixed in a sand box, and the mould shell has high impact resistance. Most of the anti-gravity casting formwork molding processes at the present stage adopt water glass sand for molding, water glass sand is filled between a formwork and a sand box, hardening is completed by adopting a hardening agent so as to ensure the integrity between the formwork and the sand box, and dry sand is filled at the upper end of the water glass sand before final casting.
In response to the above problems during anti-gravity pouring, workers in the foundry industry have proposed a non-sodium silicate sand molding scheme in recent years, namely: the dry sand is directly filled without molding by using sodium silicate sand. The proposal not only subtracts the production procedure of molding the sodium silicate sand, greatly saves human resources, but also avoids the generation of solid waste garbage, but the molding-free proposal puts forward certain requirements on the stability of the mould shell structure and the mould shell molding process, and once the mould shell quality is not over-closed, the protection of the sodium silicate sand is not available, the risk of fire running exists during casting pouring, the casting can be directly scrapped, and certain damage can be caused to equipment. Secondly, the large pressure difference of the counter-gravity casting also provides a new challenge to the impact resistance of the mold shell. In view of the above problems, there is a need to provide a reasonable method for providing a systematic reference method for the process design of a water-free glass sand molding scheme for a countergravity casting formwork.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process method for pouring an investment casting without molding sodium silicate sand by antigravity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a process method for pouring an investment casting without molding sodium silicate sand by antigravity comprises the following steps of designing a pouring system according to casting characteristics; then pressing and assembling the casting wax mold, and using a flanging pouring cup; then preparing a mould shell of the casting; and finally, pouring the casting mould shell against gravity.
The invention has the further improvement that the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: designing a gating system according to the characteristics of the casting;
step 2: pressing a casting wax mold to complete the molding of the casting pouring process scheme, and adhering a flanging pouring cup to the lower end of a pouring gate;
and step 3: manufacturing a modeling flat plate and heat insulation ceramic according to the structural characteristics of the flanging sprue cup;
and 4, step 4: manufacturing a casting mould shell;
and 5: roasting the casting mould shell to form a mould shell;
step 6: placing heat insulation ceramic at the central hole of the modeling flat plate, and placing a pouring cup with a flanging at the lower end of the mould shell in the heat insulation ceramic;
and 7: filling dry sand;
and 8: placing the center hole of the modeling flat plate at the center of the anti-gravity pouring liquid lifting pipe orifice to form a casting mould shell;
and step 9: and (3) pouring the casting mould shell in the step 8 by counter-gravity.
The invention has the further improvement that in the step 2, the flanging pouring cup comprises: an insulating ceramic mating plane 5, a removal plane 1, and a sharp-angled removal ring 2.
The invention has the further improvement that in the step 3, the bottom surface of the heat-insulating ceramic is flush with the matching surface of the flanging pouring cup, and the bottom surface of the modeling flat plate is flush with the matching surface of the heat-insulating ceramic.
The invention is further improved in that the matching gaps between the bottom surface of the heat-insulating ceramic and the matching surface of the flanging pouring cup and between the bottom surface of the modeling flat plate and the matching surface of the heat-insulating ceramic are both single edges of 2 mm.
The further improvement of the invention is that in the step 5, the outer edge of the flanging sprue cup is removed after the casting mould shell is roasted to form the mould shell.
A further improvement of the invention is that in step 8, the center of the shaping plate coincides with the center of the riser.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the use of the flanging pouring cup in the invention not only ensures the smooth implementation of the molding method without sodium silicate sand, but also ensures the integrity of the position of the water inlet of the casting mould shell, greatly reduces the risk of slag falling of the water inlet mould shell in the process of filling the molten metal, and further avoids the possibility of slag inclusion defect of the casting.
2) The implementation of the water glass sand-free molding scheme greatly improves the production efficiency of the casting and reduces the labor intensity of operators.
3) The filled dry sand can be reused without generating solid waste.
4) The use of the heat insulation ceramic avoids the contact between the root of the mould shell and the modeling flat plate, does not reduce the heat loss of the water inlet, can continue to use the casting process scheme of the original casting, and ensures the stability and consistency of the original process scheme.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flanged tundish;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a molding plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an insulating ceramic;
in the figure, 1 is a flanging, 2 is a sharp-angled removing ring, 3 is an annular groove, 4 is a cylindrical pouring gate, 5 is heat-insulating ceramic, 6 is a boss, 7 is a modeling flat plate, and 8 is a step hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The invention reduces the workload of operators, increases the process stability of casting production, reduces the generation of solid wastes and reduces the production cost to a certain extent. The invention improves the flanging pouring cup from the practical situation of the production process of casting wax mold, shell making and pouring; in order to ensure the consistency with the original pouring process scheme, the heat-insulating ceramic and modeling flat plate are matched with the pouring process operation, and the modeling-free process method is improved in a multi-angle system mode. The invention solves the problem of water glass sand-free molding of the antigravity pouring and investment casting method, and the antigravity pouring is better applied to investment casting.
Based on a certain base product, firstly designing a pouring system according to the characteristics of a casting; pressing and assembling a casting wax mold, and using a flanging pouring cup; completing the preparation of the mould shell of the casting; pouring a casting mould shell by counter-gravity; cleaning the casting; detecting the metallurgical quality of the casting by rays and fluorescence; and detecting the full size of the casting.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following specific steps:
step 1: designing a gating system according to the characteristics of the casting;
step 2: pressing a casting wax mold to finish the modeling of the casting pouring process scheme, wherein the lower end of a pouring gate is bonded with a flanging pouring cup, the schematic diagram of the flanging pouring cup is shown in figure 1, and the flanging pouring cup comprises: turn-ups 1, closed angle remove ring 2 and annular groove 3, and turn-ups 1 sets up in the cylindrical outside of watering 4, and turn-ups 1 and cylindrical form watering and form annular groove 3 between 4, and turn-ups 1 upper portion sets up closed angle and removes ring 2. The height of the flanging 1 is 10 mm.
And step 3: according to the structural characteristics of the flanging pouring cup, a modeling flat plate and heat insulation ceramic are manufactured, the modeling flat plate and the heat insulation ceramic are respectively shown in figures 2 and 3, and referring to figure 3, the heat insulation ceramic 5 is annular, a boss 6 is arranged on the inner side of the heat insulation ceramic 5, and the top surface of the boss 6 of the heat insulation ceramic 5 is in contact with the bottom surface of the annular groove 3.
Referring to fig. 2, the modeling flat plate 7 is provided with a stepped hole 8 matched with the heat insulation ceramic.
And 4, step 4: manufacturing a casting mould shell;
and 5: after the casting mould shell is roasted, manually removing the outer edge of the flanging sprue cup (removing a ring at a sharp corner), as shown in the position in figure 1;
step 6: placing heat insulation ceramic at the central hole of the modeling flat plate, and placing a pouring cup with a flanging at the lower end of the mould shell in the heat insulation ceramic;
and 7: filling dry sand;
and 8: placing the center hole of the modeling flat plate at the center of the antigravity pouring riser, and paying attention to the superposition of the center of the modeling flat plate and the center of the riser;
and step 9: casting mould shells in the counter-gravity pouring step 8;
step 10: cleaning a mold shell on the surface of the casting, cutting off a casting head, polishing burrs on the surface of the casting and the like;
step 11: and (5) carrying out X-ray and fluorescence detection on the casting in the step (10), and carrying out full-size detection on the casting.
The following are specific examples.
Example 1
By size
The casting is made of ZL105, is basin-shaped and large in size, and the water glass sand-free molding process is implemented by the following specific steps:
step 1: designing a gating system according to the characteristics of the casting;
step 2: pressing a casting wax mold to finish the modeling of the casting pouring process scheme, wherein the lower end of a pouring gate is bonded with a flanging pouring cup, the schematic diagram of the flanging pouring cup is shown in figure 1, and the flanging pouring cup comprises: turn-ups 1, closed angle remove ring 2 and annular groove 3, and turn-ups 1 sets up in the cylindrical outside of watering 4, and turn-ups 1 and cylindrical form watering and form annular groove 3 between 4, and turn-ups 1 upper portion sets up closed angle and removes ring 2. The height of the flanging 1 is 10 mm.
And step 3: according to the structural characteristics of the flanging pouring cup, a modeling flat plate and heat insulation ceramic are manufactured, the modeling flat plate and the heat insulation ceramic are respectively shown in figures 2 and 3, and referring to figure 3, the heat insulation ceramic 3 is annular, a boss is arranged on the inner side of the heat insulation ceramic 3, and the top surface of the boss of the heat insulation ceramic 3 is in contact with the bottom surface of the annular groove 3.
Referring to fig. 2, the modeling flat plate is provided with a stepped hole matched with the heat insulation ceramic.
And 4, step 4: manufacturing a casting mould shell;
and 5: after the mould shell is roasted, manually removing the sharp corner to remove the ring 2, namely flanging the outer edge of the sprue cup;
step 6: placing heat insulation ceramic at the central hole of the modeling flat plate, and placing a pouring cup with a flanging at the lower end of the mould shell in the heat insulation ceramic;
and 7: filling dry sand;
and 8: placing the center hole of the modeling flat plate at the center of the antigravity pouring riser, and paying attention to the superposition of the center of the modeling flat plate and the center of the riser;
and step 9: casting mould shells in the counter-gravity pouring step 8;
step 10: cleaning a mold shell on the surface of the casting, cutting off a casting head, polishing burrs on the surface of the casting and the like;
step 11: and (5) carrying out X-ray and fluorescence detection on the casting in the step (10), and carrying out full-size detection on the casting.
The implementation of the sodium silicate sand-free molding process method effectively improves the molding efficiency, reduces the labor intensity of production personnel, the casting is tried according to the original process method, the metallurgical quality of the casting can reach the HB 963I type part requirement after X-ray and fluorescent inspection, the qualification rate reaches 83.1 percent, the qualification rate is consistent with the qualification rate of the casting produced by the original sodium silicate sand molding scheme, and the dimensional accuracy of the casting can reach the HB6103CT7 requirement after the size detection.
Example 2
Taking a casting with the size of 295mm multiplied by 180mm multiplied by 240mm as an example, the material is ZL114A, the casting is in a hemispherical closed shape, the wall thickness of the whole body is 4mm, the casting is hollow, and the concrete steps of the implementation of the water glass sand-free molding process are as follows:
step 1: designing a gating system according to the characteristics of the casting;
step 2: pressing a casting wax mold to finish the modeling of the casting pouring process scheme, wherein the lower end of a pouring gate is bonded with a flanging pouring cup, the schematic diagram of the flanging pouring cup is shown in figure 1, and the flanging pouring cup comprises: turn-ups 1, closed angle remove ring 2 and annular groove 3, and turn-ups 1 sets up in the cylindrical outside of watering 4, and turn-ups 1 and cylindrical form watering and form annular groove 3 between 4, and turn-ups 1 upper portion sets up closed angle and removes ring 2. The height of the flanging 1 is 10 mm.
And step 3: according to the structural characteristics of the flanging pouring cup, a modeling flat plate and heat insulation ceramic are manufactured, the modeling flat plate and the heat insulation ceramic are respectively shown in figures 2 and 3, and referring to figure 3, the heat insulation ceramic 3 is annular, a boss is arranged on the inner side of the heat insulation ceramic 3, and the top surface of the boss of the heat insulation ceramic 3 is in contact with the bottom surface of the annular groove 3.
Referring to fig. 2, the modeling flat plate is provided with a stepped hole matched with the heat insulation ceramic.
And 4, step 4: manufacturing a casting mould shell;
and 5: manually removing the outer edge of the flanging sprue cup (removing a ring at a sharp corner) after the mould shell is roasted;
step 6: placing heat insulation ceramic at the central hole of the modeling flat plate, and placing a pouring cup with a flanging at the lower end of the mould shell in the heat insulation ceramic;
and 7: filling dry sand;
and 8: placing the center hole of the modeling flat plate at the center of the antigravity pouring riser, and paying attention to the superposition of the center of the modeling flat plate and the center of the riser;
and step 9: casting mould shells in the counter-gravity pouring step 8;
step 10: cleaning a mold shell on the surface of the casting, cutting off a casting head, polishing burrs on the surface of the casting and the like;
step 11: and (5) carrying out X-ray and fluorescence detection on the casting in the step (10), and carrying out full-size detection on the casting.
The implementation of the sodium silicate sand-free molding process method effectively improves the molding efficiency, reduces the labor intensity of production personnel, the casting is tried according to the original process method, the metallurgical quality of the casting can reach the HB 963I type part requirement after X-ray and fluorescent inspection, the qualification rate reaches 96.3 percent, the qualification rate is consistent with the qualification rate of the casting produced by the original sodium silicate sand molding scheme, and the dimensional accuracy of the casting can reach the HB6103CT6 requirement after the size detection.
Claims (6)
1. A process method for pouring an investment casting without water glass sand molding by antigravity is characterized in that a pouring system is designed according to the casting characteristics; then pressing and assembling the casting wax mold, and using a flanging pouring cup; then preparing a mould shell of the casting; finally, pouring a casting mould shell by counter-gravity;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: designing a gating system according to the characteristics of the casting;
step 2: pressing a casting wax mold to complete the molding of the casting pouring process scheme, and adhering a flanging pouring cup to the lower end of a pouring gate;
and step 3: manufacturing a modeling flat plate and heat insulation ceramic according to the structural characteristics of the flanging sprue cup;
and 4, step 4: manufacturing a casting mould shell;
and 5: roasting the casting mould shell to form a mould shell;
step 6: placing heat insulation ceramic at the central hole of the modeling flat plate, and placing a pouring cup with a flanging at the lower end of the mould shell in the heat insulation ceramic;
and 7: filling dry sand;
and 8: placing the center hole of the modeling flat plate at the center of the anti-gravity pouring liquid lifting pipe orifice to form a casting mould shell;
and step 9: and (3) pouring the casting mould shell in the step 8 by counter-gravity.
2. The process method of anti-gravity pouring investment casting water glass sand-free molding according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the flanging pouring cup comprises: the device comprises a flanging (1), a sharp-corner removing ring (2) and an annular groove (3).
3. The process method for the water glass sand-free molding of the anti-gravity pouring investment casting according to claim 2, wherein in the step 3, the bottom surface of the heat-insulating ceramic is flush with the matching surface of the flanging pouring cup, and the bottom surface of the molding flat plate is flush with the matching surface of the heat-insulating ceramic.
4. The process method of anti-gravity pouring investment casting molding without water glass sand molding according to claim 3, wherein the matching gaps between the bottom surface of the heat insulation ceramic and the matching surface of the flanging sprue cup and between the bottom surface of the molding flat plate and the matching surface of the heat insulation ceramic are all single edges of 2 mm.
5. The process of claim 2, wherein in step 5, the shell of the investment casting is baked to form a shell, and the outer edge of the flanging sprue cup is removed.
6. The process of anti-gravity casting investment casting without sodium silicate sand molding according to claim 1, wherein in step 8, the center of the molding plate coincides with the center of the riser pipe orifice.
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