CN109972003B - High-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 9.0-12.0% of Si, 0.05-0.4% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Mg, 0.05-0.1% of Sc, 0.6-0.8% of M, and the balance of Al and inevitable Fe impurities, wherein M is at least two elements of Ti, Zr and V. After the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting is subjected to gravity casting, the yield strength at room temperature of the as-cast alloy can reach 143-152MPa, the elongation can reach 8.0-12.0%, the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ can reach 158-170MPa, the elongation at high temperature can reach 10.0-20.0%, the room temperature and the heat resistance are excellent, and the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy can be applied to automobile parts without solution heat treatment, so that the requirement for light weight development of automobiles is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of industrial aluminum alloys and manufacturing.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of small density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good corrosion resistance, excellent electric and thermal conductivity, easiness in recovery, good low-temperature performance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of transportation, aerospace, electronic and electric appliances and the like. Gravity casting refers to a casting method for injecting molten metal into a casting mold under the action of earth gravity, and comprises sand casting, investment casting, metal mold casting and the like. Compared with the alloy die casting process which is generally adopted at present, the investment cost of gravity casting is greatly reduced, and the method is a main method for producing castings with complicated geometric shapes. The Al — Si alloy is a typical cast aluminum alloy, has excellent casting properties such as good fluidity, compact casting, and less tendency to cause casting cracks, corrosion resistance, and moderate machinability, has become one of the most important structural materials in the manufacturing industry, and has been widely used for producing parts such as engine cylinders, cylinder heads, and hubs. Typical grades of Al — Si-based cast aluminum alloys include domestic YL102(AlSi12), YL112(AlSi8.5cu3.5), YL113(AlSi811Cu3), japanese ADC12(AlSi11Cu3), ADC10(AlSi8.5cu3.5), and U.S. a380(AlSi8.5cu3.5), and these alloys have general strength and hardness, and relatively low plasticity and toughness, which limits their applications.
The A380 aluminum alloy is the most widely used Al-Si alloy, the Si content of the alloy is as high as 7.5 wt% -9.5 wt%, the alloy has good casting performance, and the high Cu content (3.0 wt% -4.0 wt%) can obtain high strength and good machinability, and the alloy is widely applied to various fields of transportation industry (industries such as automobiles, motorcycles and the like), aerospace, electronics/electrical appliances and the like. Meanwhile, the Cu content in A380 is high, and the standard electrode potential of the generated Cu-rich phase is high, so that the Cu-rich phase is easy to corrode in a humid or liquid environment. The A360 aluminum alloy is also a widely used Al-Si alloy, and the most remarkable difference compared with A380 is that the Cu content is low, the maximum value is 0.6%, the formed copper is much less than that of A380, the corrosion resistance is slightly better than that of A380 alloy, but the application in industrial production is limited due to the poor welding and brazing performance, and the A360 aluminum alloy is generally used as a cover plate and an instrument shell. The Al-Si alloy A380 and the A360 alloy are obtained by casting, the yield strength in a non-heat treatment state is only 120MPa generally, the elongation is only about 1 percent, the actual requirement cannot be met, and the strength can be further improved by heat treatment. The A380 and A360 aluminum alloy has poor heat resistance, and the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is only 120 MPa.
The ultimate solid solubility of Mg in Al is 14.9 wt%, Mg formed by the reaction of Mg with Si2The Si phase has a typical aging precipitation strengthening effect and is an important alloying element in Al-Si series cast aluminum alloy. Due to Mg2The Si phase is obviously overaged at the temperature of 180-200 ℃, the nanometer precipitated phase is quickly coarsened, and the high-temperature performance is obviously reduced. Meanwhile, with the increase of the content of Mg, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the alloy are obviously improved, but the elongation is obviously reduced. Meanwhile, as the Mg2Si phase is obviously coarsened above 180 ℃, the Al-Si-Mg alloy has poor high temperature resistance at 200 ℃, and is mainly used for thin-wall castings which are in service at normal temperature and have complex shapes. Cu is an important strengthening element in the Al-Si alloy, and the room temperature strength and the high temperature strength of the alloy are obviously improved. Since the solid solubility of Cu at 525 ℃ is as high as 4.6% and only 0.2% at normal temperature, the Cu-containing Al-Si alloy can be improved in strength by heat treatment. Chinese patent 201710640233.1 (zirconium-strontium composite microalloyed and magnesium alloyed high-hardness corrosion-resistant aluminum-silicon-copper series cast aluminum alloy and preparation thereofMethod) discloses a Zr, Sr composite micro-alloying and Mg alloying high-hardness corrosion-resistant Al-Si-Cu series cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and the components and the mass percentage thereof are as follows: 7.88 to 8.02 percent of Si, 2.04 to 2.08 percent of Cu, 0.406 to 0.421 percent of Mg, 0.179 to 0.182 percent of Zr, 0.0066 to 0.0069 percent of Sr, and the balance of aluminum and a small amount of impurity elements. The technology of the invention still has the following problems: the Cu content of the alloy exceeds 1 percent, so that the solidification interval of the alloy is increased, casting defects are easy to generate, and the mechanical property is reduced; the Mg content is too high, the elongation and the high-temperature performance are reduced, and the elongation is lower than 6 percent in the invention.
Sc is an efficient refiner in Al alloy, and the addition of a trace amount of Sc can obviously refine grains and improve the strength and toughness of the material. The addition of Sc in the Al alloy can form a large amount of Al3Sc particles, the lattice constant of Al3Sc is 0.4103nm, the mismatching degree with an Al matrix is only 1.32 percent, the mismatching degree with the matrix is completely coherent, and the grains can be effectively refined and the strength of the alloy can be improved. The invention of Chinese patent 201210584709.1 (aluminum-manganese-zinc-scandium aluminum alloy foil for automobile radiating fin produced by continuous casting and rolling) discloses a method for producing aluminum-manganese-zinc-scandium aluminum alloy foil for automobile radiating fin by continuous casting and rolling, the aluminum-manganese-zinc-scandium aluminum alloy foil for automobile radiating fin invented by the invention comprises the following specific chemical components by mass percent: 0.06 percent of Sc, 0.44 percent of Si, 0.46 percent of Fe, 0.11 percent of Cu, 1.06 percent of Mn, 0.05 percent of Mg, 1.47 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.017 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.014 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.026 percent of Zr, and the balance of Al. The technology of the invention still has the following problems: the Si content in the invention is only 0.44%, the Zn content is 1.47%, the invention is a wrought aluminum alloy, complex continuous casting and rolling and heat treatment processes are required, and the invention is different from Al-Si series cast aluminum alloy. In addition, the content of Zn is 1.47%, because the melting point of Zn is low and the diffusion rate is high, the high-temperature performance of over 150 ℃ is not facilitated, and the aging of the aluminum alloy is easy to cause. The invention relates to a Chinese patent 201810801603.X (an aging process of Al-Si-Mg-Zr-Ti-Sc alloy) which discloses an aging process of Al-Si-Mg-Zr-Ti-Sc alloy, wherein the Al-Si-Mg-Zr-Ti-Sc alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5 percent of Si, 0.35 percent of Mg0.2 percent of Ti0.2 percent of Zr0.25 percent of Sc0.01 percent of Al, and the balance of Al. The aging process of the Al-Si-Mg-Zr-Ti-Sc alloy fully excavates the alloy potential through two-stage aging treatment so as to improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy. The aging process comprises the following steps: the solution treatment process comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out solid solution at 540 ℃ for 310min, discharging from the furnace and quenching, wherein the time from discharging to water is controlled within 15s, and the cooling time in water is 3-5 min. The aging treatment process comprises the following steps: aging and heat preservation at 125 ℃ for 150min, then aging and heat preservation at 155 ℃ for 100-200 min, and discharging from the furnace and air cooling. The technology of the invention still has the following problems: the silicon content is too low to be advantageous for high temperature performance. In addition, the invention needs solid solution and secondary aging treatment, which easily causes deformation of cast parts in the heat treatment process and is not suitable for castings with thin walls and the like, and the complicated heat treatment operation causes increase of production cost, thus being difficult to be applied in large scale in industry.
In addition, chinese invention patent 201811331020.1 (a graphene rare earth scandium synergistically enhanced Al-Si-Mg cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof) discloses an aluminum alloy having the following element composition: 6.00-8.00 percent of Si, 0.20-0.45 percent of Mg0.003-0.007 percent of graphene, 0.50-0.60 percent of Sc, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Li, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Be, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Na, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less. The following problems still exist with this patented technology: the Sc content is too high, so that the cost is too high, and the large-scale industrial application is not facilitated; in addition, the alloy system of the invention is complex, and a plurality of alloy elements react to cause that the function can not be exerted. For example, both added Na and P elements may yield a deterioration effect on Si, but the simultaneous addition causes Na to react with P to form Na3P resulting in deterioration failure; for example, the added graphene reacts with an aluminum melt to form Al4C3, 4Al +3C ═ Al4C3 which is easy to hydrolyze, the efficacy of the graphene cannot be exerted, the alloy is unstable, the yield strength of the obtained alloy is only 142-144MPa, and the elongation at the strength is only 9%. In addition, the solid solubility of the added elements such as Ti, V, Zn, Sn and the like in the aluminum alloy causes the distortion of the crystal lattice of an aluminum matrix, so that the electric conductivity obtained by the invention patent is greatly reduced and is lower than the level of the conventional aluminum alloy 6061.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new type of cast aluminum alloy, especially to improve the elongation and high temperature performance, to obtain a high strength and toughness cast aluminum alloy material and a casting process thereof, to realize replacement of forging by casting, and to break through the application limitation of cast aluminum alloys.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the industrial problem that the application of the traditional cast aluminum alloy such as A380 is greatly limited due to the defects of insufficient elongation and heat resistance. After the alloy is subjected to gravity casting, the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting has the advantages that after the alloy is subjected to gravity casting, the room-temperature yield strength of the as-cast alloy can reach 143-152MPa, the elongation can reach 8.0-12.0%, the high-temperature tensile strength at 200 ℃ can reach 158-170MPa, and the high-temperature elongation can reach 10.0-20.0%.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting, which comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 9.0-12.0% of Si, 0.05-0.4% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Mg, 0.05-0.1% of Sc and 0.6-0.8% of M, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities Fe, wherein the mass fraction of Al is not less than 87%, and M is a combined element containing at least two elements of Ti, Zr and V.
Preferably, the content of the inevitable impurity Fe is not more than 0.2%.
Preferably, the combined element M comprises 0-0.3% of Ti, 0-0.3% of Zr and 0-0.3% of V by mass, based on the total amount of all elements in the alloy, and the two elements are not 0 at the same time.
Compared with the prior art, the innovative ideas of the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting provided by the invention are as follows:
in the invention, the main principle is that for gravity casting Al-Si series alloy, the Cu element content of the alloy composition in the invention is controlled to be 0.05-0.4%, thereby promoting the solidification of the alloyThe interval is reduced from 80 ℃ of A380 to 35 ℃, the formation probability of defects in casting is reduced, coarsening in the solidification process of aluminum crystal grains and eutectic silicon is inhibited, grain refinement and deterioration are promoted, in order to further refine the crystal grains and the eutectic silicon, a small amount of Zr, Ti, V and other elements are added to form a high-temperature stable phase which is coherent with an aluminum matrix, the crystal grains are effectively refined, and the strength of the alloy is improved. Meanwhile, trace elements such as Sc, Zr, Ti, V and the like are added to form coherent Al3Scx (Zr, Ti, V)1-x composite particles, and meanwhile, the modified Al crystal grains and the Al-Si eutectic crystal are refined, so that the fine-grain strengthening and the eutectic silicon strengthening are fully exerted, and better crystal grain refining and strengthening effects are obtained. Sc is also beneficial to eliminating the harmful influence of Fe impurity elements and greatly improving the elongation. In addition, a small amount of elements such as Cu and Mg are added into the Al-Si alloy, so that a strengthening phase Q phase Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 stable at room temperature and high temperature can be formed, in addition, the solid solubility of Cu at 200 ℃ is up to 0.1%, and part of Al2Cu dissolves to form solid solution strengthening, and Al is inhibited2Coarsening Cu; while Cu dissolved at room temperature precipitates to form more Al2The Cu strengthening phase plays a role in precipitation strengthening, in short, the system of the invention simultaneously plays a role in solid solution and precipitation strengthening of Cu by adding a small amount of elements such as Cu, Mg and the like, so that the room temperature and high temperature strength are improved.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a gravity casting preparation method of the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting, which comprises the following steps:
s1, removing oxide layers of an industrial pure aluminum ingot, an industrial pure magnesium ingot and an Al-Si intermediate alloy, drying and preheating to 200 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy;
s2, melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 710-720 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot;
s3, after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 720-730 ℃, adding Al-Si intermediate alloy for 2-4 times, and keeping the temperature constant at 710-720 ℃;
s4, after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 770-780 ℃, sequentially adding Al-Cu, Al-M intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy, and after all the intermediate alloy is added, keeping the temperature at 770-780 ℃ for 15-20 minutes;
s5, after all the intermediate alloys are melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 695-705 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding a refining agent at 715-725 ℃ for refining, standing for 10-20 minutes after refining, and skimming the surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
s6, cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 715-725 ℃, skimming surface scum, pouring the aluminum alloy melt into a metal mold preheated to 180-220 ℃ by gravity, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy melt in air to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting.
Preferably, the Al-Si master alloy is AlSi23 or AlSi28, the Al-Cu master alloy is AlCu50, the Al-Sc master alloy is AlSc2, the Al-Ti master alloy is AlTi5, AlTi10 or AlTi5B1, the Al-Zr master alloy is AlZr4, and the Al-V master alloy is AlV 5.
Preferably, the Al-M intermediate alloy is a combination of at least two intermediate alloys selected from the group consisting of an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, an Al-Zr intermediate alloy and an Al-V intermediate alloy.
Preferably, the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.5-1.5% of the total weight of the raw materials.
Preferably, the refining agent consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 50-70% of calcium carbonate, 10-30% of sodium chloride and 10-30% of potassium chloride.
Preferably, the refining temperature is 720-730 ℃, and the stirring time of the refining treatment is 5-10 min.
The preparation method of the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting, provided by the invention, has the advantages that: (1) and heating to 770-780 ℃ in the alloy melting process, adding the intermediate alloy, and preserving heat for 15-20 minutes, wherein the high temperature of 770-780 ℃ ensures that all the intermediate alloy is completely melted, dissolved and homogenized, and the adverse effect of residual particles of the intermediate alloy on the elongation is overcome. (2) In the production process of gravity casting, the invention does not need huge processing equipment, can cast and form parts with complex shapes, saves metals, reduces the cost, reduces the working hours and the like, improves the market competitiveness of the alloy, and is suitable for being popularized to large-scale industrial production.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the alloy raw materials are pure metals and intermediate alloys, the sources are wide, no impurity element permeates in the whole preparation process, and the impurity content of the prepared aluminum alloy is extremely low;
(2) the refining agent is used in the casting process, so that impurities in the aluminum alloy melt can be effectively removed, and the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy are effectively improved;
(3) the proper amount of Sc, Zr, Ti, V and other transition metals can effectively improve the performance of the existing high-strength aluminum alloy. The transition metal treatment is used, so that aluminum crystal grains and eutectic silicon are refined, the yield strength and the elongation are improved, and the high-temperature strength is greatly improved.
(4) The proper amount of Sc, Zr, Ti, V and other transition metals eliminates the harmful effect of Fe element, greatly improves the elongation rate, and simultaneously, the trace amount of Fe can improve the recovery utilization rate of the alloy, and reduces the inclusion requirement on Al-Si and other intermediate alloys Fe, thereby reducing the cost of the intermediate alloy.
(5) The cast alloy prepared by the method has the room temperature yield strength of 143-152MPa, the elongation of 8.0-12.0%, the high-temperature tensile strength of 200 ℃ of 158-170MPa and the high-temperature elongation of 10.0-20.0%, has the characteristics of high elongation, high temperature heat resistance and the like, meets the use requirements of automobile aluminum alloy parts, has simple process, safety and reliability, is convenient to operate, has higher market competitiveness, and is suitable for being popularized to large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an as-cast metallographic structure of the aluminum alloy prepared in example 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 9.0 percent of Si, 0.05 percent of Cu, 0.05 percent of Mg, 0.05 percent of Sc, 0.3 percent of Zr, 0.3 percent of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities of Fe.
The preparation method comprises (1) removing oxide layers from industrial pure aluminum ingot, industrial pure magnesium ingot and Al-Si intermediate alloy AlSi23, drying and preheating to 200 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy; (2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 710 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot; (3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 720 ℃, adding the Al-Si intermediate alloy for 2 times, and keeping the temperature constant at 720 ℃; (4) after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 780 ℃, sequentially adding AlCu50, AlZr4 intermediate alloy, AlV5 intermediate alloy and AlSc2 intermediate alloy, and after all the intermediate alloys are added, keeping the temperature at 780 ℃ for 15 minutes; (5) after all the intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 695 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding 0.5% of a refining agent at 715 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 720 ℃, the stirring time of the refining treatment is 10min, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of calcium carbonate, 30% of sodium chloride and 20% of potassium chloride, refining, standing for 10 minutes, and skimming surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 715 ℃, skimming the surface scum, pouring the aluminum alloy melt into a metal mold preheated to 180 ℃ by gravity, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy melt in the air to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by gravity casting; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting in the example is 143MPa, and the elongation is 12.0%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 158MPa, and the elongation is 20.0%.
Example 2
The high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting comprises the following components in percentage by weight: according to the theoretical mixture ratio, 11.0 percent of Si, 0.4 percent of Cu, 0.02 percent of Mg, 0.1 percent of Sc, 0.3 percent of Zr, 0.3 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities of Fe.
The preparation method comprises (1) removing oxide layers from industrial pure aluminum ingot, industrial pure magnesium ingot and Al-Si intermediate alloy AlSi23, drying and preheating to 200 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy; (2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 720 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot; (3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 730 ℃, adding the Al-Si intermediate alloy for 4 times, and keeping the temperature constant at 720 ℃; (4) after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 770 ℃, sequentially adding AlCu50, AlZr4 intermediate alloy, AlTi5B1 intermediate alloy and AlSc2 intermediate alloy, and preserving the temperature for 20 minutes at 780 ℃ after all the intermediate alloy is added; (5) after all the intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 705 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding 1.5 percent of refining agent at 725 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 730 ℃, the stirring time of the refining treatment is 10min, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: refining 70% of calcium carbonate, 10% of sodium chloride and 20% of potassium chloride, standing for 20 minutes, and skimming surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 725 ℃, skimming the surface scum, pouring the aluminum alloy melt into a metal mold preheated to 220 ℃ by gravity, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy melt in the air to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by gravity casting; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting in the example is 150MPa, and the elongation is 9.0%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 165MPa, and the elongation is 13.0%.
Example 3
The high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting comprises the following components in percentage by weight: according to the theoretical mixture ratio, 11.0 percent of Si, 0.2 percent of Cu, 0.04 percent of Mg, 0.05 percent of Sc, 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.3 percent of Ti, 0.3 percent of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities of Fe.
The preparation method comprises (1) removing oxide layers from industrial pure aluminum ingot, industrial pure magnesium ingot and Al-Si intermediate alloy AlSi28, drying and preheating to 200 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy; (2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 715 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot; (3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 725 ℃, adding the Al-Si intermediate alloy for 3 times, and keeping the temperature constant at 720 ℃; (4) after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 770 ℃, sequentially adding AlCu50, AlTi5B1, AlTi10 intermediate alloy, AlV5 intermediate alloy, AlZr4 intermediate alloy and AlSc2 intermediate alloy, and after all the intermediate alloy is added, keeping the temperature at 770 ℃ for 15 minutes; (5) after all the intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 700 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding 1.0% of a refining agent at 725 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 730 ℃, the stirring time of the refining treatment is 15min, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of calcium carbonate, 20% of sodium chloride and 30% of potassium chloride, refining, standing for 15 minutes, and skimming surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 725 ℃, skimming the surface scum, pouring the aluminum alloy melt into a metal mold preheated to 220 ℃ by gravity, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy melt in the air to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by gravity casting; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting in the example is 145MPa, and the elongation is 10.0%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 162MPa, and the elongation is 16.0%.
Example 4
The high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting comprises the following components in percentage by weight: according to the theoretical mixture ratio, 12.0 percent of Si, 0.4 percent of Cu, 0.05 percent of Mg, 0.1 percent of Sc, 0.3 percent of Zr, 0.2 percent of Ti, 0.3 percent of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities of Fe.
The preparation method comprises (1) removing oxide layers from industrial pure aluminum ingot, industrial pure magnesium ingot and Al-Si intermediate alloy AlSi28, drying and preheating to 200 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy; (2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 720 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot; (3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 730 ℃, adding the Al-Si intermediate alloy for 4 times, and keeping the temperature constant at 718 ℃; (4) after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 780 ℃, sequentially adding AlCu50, AlTi5 intermediate alloy, AlZr4 intermediate alloy, AlV5 intermediate alloy and AlSc2 intermediate alloy, and after all the intermediate alloy is added, keeping the temperature at 770 ℃ for 20 minutes; (5) after all the intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 698 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding 0.6 percent of refining agent at 722 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 725 ℃, the stirring time of the refining treatment is 15min, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: refining 60% calcium carbonate, 30% sodium chloride and 10% potassium chloride, standing for 15 minutes, and skimming surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 720 ℃, skimming the surface scum, pouring the aluminum alloy melt into a metal mold preheated to 200 ℃ by gravity, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy melt in the air to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by gravity casting; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour thermal exposure treatment at 200 ℃, and fig. 1 is an as-cast metallographic structure diagram of the aluminum alloy prepared in the embodiment. The as-cast room temperature yield strength of the high elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting in this example was 152MPa, and the elongation was 8.0%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 170MPa, and the elongation is 10.0%.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example relates to a high elongation heat resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting, comprising by weight percent: according to the theoretical mixture ratio, 12.0 percent of Si, 0.4 percent of Cu, 0.05 percent of Mg, 0.3 percent of Zr, 0.2 percent of Ti, 0.3 percent of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities of Fe.
The preparation method comprises (1) removing oxide layers from industrial pure aluminum ingot, industrial pure magnesium ingot and Al-Si intermediate alloy AlSi28, drying and preheating to 200 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy; (2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 720 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot; (3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 730 ℃, adding the Al-Si intermediate alloy for 4 times, and keeping the temperature constant at 718 ℃; (4) after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 780 ℃, sequentially adding AlCu50, AlTi5 intermediate alloy, AlZr4 intermediate alloy and AlV5 intermediate alloy, and after all the intermediate alloys are added, keeping the temperature at 770 ℃ for 20 minutes; (5) after all the intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 698 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding 0.6 percent of refining agent at 722 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 725 ℃, the stirring time of the refining treatment is 15min, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: refining 60% calcium carbonate, 30% sodium chloride and 10% potassium chloride, standing for 15 minutes, and skimming surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 720 ℃, skimming the surface scum, pouring the aluminum alloy melt into a metal mold preheated to 200 ℃ by gravity, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy melt in the air to obtain the gravity casting aluminum alloy of the comparative example.
The gravity casting aluminum alloy prepared by the comparative example is subjected to a room temperature tensile test; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the gravity casting aluminum alloy in the comparative example is 126MPa, and the elongation is 3.5%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 131MPa, the elongation is 4.8 percent, and the performance is obviously lower than that of the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting in example 4.
Comparative example 2
The high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting comprises the following components in percentage by weight: according to the theoretical mixture ratio, 11.0 percent of Si, 0.4 percent of Cu, 0.02 percent of Mg, 0.1 percent of Sc, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities of Fe.
The preparation method comprises (1) removing oxide layers from industrial pure aluminum ingot, industrial pure magnesium ingot and Al-Si intermediate alloy AlSi23, drying and preheating to 200 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy; (2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 720 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot; (3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 730 ℃, adding the Al-Si intermediate alloy for 4 times, and keeping the temperature constant at 720 ℃; (4) after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 770 ℃, adding AlCu50 intermediate alloy and AlSc2 intermediate alloy, and after all the intermediate alloy is added, keeping the temperature at 780 ℃ for 20 minutes; (5) after all the intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 705 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding 1.5 percent of refining agent at 725 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 730 ℃, the stirring time of the refining treatment is 10min, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: refining 70% of calcium carbonate, 10% of sodium chloride and 20% of potassium chloride, standing for 20 minutes, and skimming surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 725 ℃, skimming the surface scum, pouring the aluminum alloy melt into a metal mold preheated to 220 ℃ by gravity, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy melt in the air to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by gravity casting; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting in the example is 135MPa, and the elongation is 8.5%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 142MPa, and the elongation is 12.0%.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by weight: 9.0-12.0% of Si, 0.05-0.4% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Mg, 0.05-0.1% of Sc and 0.6-0.8% of M, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities Fe, wherein the mass fraction of Al is not less than 87%, and M is a combined element containing at least two elements of Ti, Zr and V.
2. The high elongation, heat resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting according to claim 1, wherein the inevitable impurity Fe is not more than 0.2%.
3. The high elongation, heat resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting according to claim 1, wherein the combined elements M have a mass fraction of Ti of 0 to 0.3%, a mass fraction of Zr of 0 to 0.3%, and a mass fraction of V of 0 to 0.3%, based on the total amount of all elements in the alloy, and both elements are not 0 at the same time.
4. A method of making a high elongation, heat resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, removing oxide layers of the industrial pure aluminum ingot, the industrial pure magnesium ingot and the Al-Si intermediate alloy, drying and preheating to 190-; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy;
s2, melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 710-720 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot;
s3, after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 710-720 ℃, adding Al-Si intermediate alloy for 2-4 times, and keeping the temperature constant at 710-720 ℃;
s4, after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 770-780 ℃, sequentially adding Al-Cu, Al-M intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy, and after all the intermediate alloy is completely added, keeping the temperature at 770-780 ℃ for 15-20 min;
s5, after all the intermediate alloys are melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 695-705 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding a refining agent at 715-725 ℃ for refining, standing for 10-20 min after refining, and skimming the surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
s6, cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 715-725 ℃, skimming surface scum, pouring the aluminum alloy melt into a metal mold preheated to 180-220 ℃ by gravity, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy melt in the air to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting.
5. The method of making a high elongation, heat resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting according to claim 4 wherein the Al-Si master alloy is AlSi23 or AlSi 28; the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is AlCu 50; the Al-Sc master alloy is AlSc2 master alloy; the Al-M intermediate alloy is a combination of at least two of Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-V intermediate alloy.
6. The method of preparing a high elongation heat resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting according to claim 5, wherein the Al-Ti master alloy is AlTi5, AlTi10 or AlTi5B 1; the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is AlZr 4; the Al-V master alloy is AlV 5.
7. The method for preparing a high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting according to claim 4, wherein the refining agent is added in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5% by weight based on the total weight of the raw materials.
8. The method for preparing the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the refining agent consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 50-70% of calcium carbonate, 10-30% of sodium chloride and 10-30% of potassium chloride.
9. The method for preparing the high-elongation heat-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for gravity casting according to claim 4, wherein the refining temperature is 720-730 ℃, and the stirring time of the refining treatment is 5-10 min.
10. Use of a high elongation heat resistant aluminium alloy suitable for gravity casting according to claim 1 in automotive parts.
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| CN115505799B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-07-04 | 重庆慧鼎华创信息科技有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness gravity casting aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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