CN109375291A - A kind of temperature and air pressure suitable for sonde and humidity measuring instrument and method - Google Patents
A kind of temperature and air pressure suitable for sonde and humidity measuring instrument and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109375291A CN109375291A CN201811174709.8A CN201811174709A CN109375291A CN 109375291 A CN109375291 A CN 109375291A CN 201811174709 A CN201811174709 A CN 201811174709A CN 109375291 A CN109375291 A CN 109375291A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of temperature and air pressure suitable for sonde and humidity measuring instrument and method, which includes master controller, constant current measurement module, AC measurment module and exchange PWM measurement module.This measuring device and low-drag type thermal resistance atmosphere temperature transducer, pressure drag bridge type absolute pressure sensor, high resistance type dew frost point temperature sensor and humicap type humidity sensor can be well matched with use.The present invention, which is utilized, flows through measured resistance and reference resistance, the pressure drop ratio relationship unrelated with reference current by same reference electric current；Or reference voltage directly acts on measurement resistor network, its intrinsic standoff ratio relationship unrelated with reference voltage, to obtain the performance of measurement error caused by capable of eliminating reference current or voltage drift, the partial pressure coefficient of measured resistance and reference resistance or resistor network is obtained by measuring, measured resistance resistance value is calculated, atmospheric temperature, air pressure and dew frost point measured temperature can be further calculated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic information technical fields more particularly to a kind of temperature and air pressure suitable for sonde and humidity to survey
Measure device and method.
Background technique
The working environment and operating condition of sonde and ground survey have very big difference.The upper of lift-off is carried for balloon
Lift-type sonde, or the descending manner sonde in certain high-altitude is risen to by the methods of rocket, aircraft, since there are certain risings for it
Or decrease speed, it is desirable that the response time of measurement is sufficiently fast；It is very big in high aerial temperature, air pressure and humidity difference simultaneously, it
It asks the dynamic range of measurement sufficiently large, also requires the working environment adaptability of measuring instrument itself sufficiently wide；Also, due to
Inevitably by different wave lengths such as the sun light and microwave radiation in the air, it is desirable that the degree that sonde measurement parameter is affected
It is sufficiently small.
For the response time, currently used technology is to reduce size sensor, it is enabled to sense surveyed parameter as early as possible
Magnitude.
For dynamic range, in temperature and atmospherically, the structure of improved sensor, improves the measurement range of sensor
And resolution ratio.
In humidity, then since traditional, better performances humicaps are in the limitation of resolution ratio and precision aspect, need
The requirement of dynamic range, resolution ratio and precision is just adapted to the physical method that dew point or frost point measure.But the latter is due to cost
It is relatively high, can't be promoted the use of in conventional meteorological sounding business, therefore in moisture measurement two methods of person's different
It selects to use in demand.
For the working environment adaptability of instrument itself, main problem is that the variation range of temperature is excessive at present, especially
The case where low temperature, is extremely serious, more than the operating temperature range of most of components, instrument is caused to be difficult to work normally.And it solves
Method be generally to completely cut off directing heat transfer for instrument and atmosphere using sufficiently thick foamed material, on 2 hours left sides of measurement
The right side, the temperature change of instrument are unlikely to beyond working range.
Just because of this, in addition to baroceptor is by conduit and outside air connection, humidity and temperature sensor are still
It is required that being exposed in air, to obtain optimal inductive effects, i.e. response time and the true magnitude of the atmosphere experienced.
For radiation effect, currently used method is the impact sensing of some pairs of measurement parameters of coating less and energy is anti-
Penetrate the special material of radiation.
In this way, shape has become present strain shape or filament shape from original strip, similarly for temperature sensor
Temperature measurement range, resistance value and variation range are greatly reduced, and measuring circuit originally is difficult to play improvement temperature sensing completely
The excellent performance of device, actual effect improve the degree that expectation is not achieved.
For humidity, by the way of humicap measurement in, due to its design feature, in order to guarantee its property in the measurements
It can will not be deteriorated, need using AC measurment technology, and conventional measurement method is difficult to eliminate the direct current being applied on sensor
Component.If needing accurately to measure the warm at that time of the mirror surface for being used to form moisture condensation or frosting using frost and dew point-measurement technique
Angle value, i.e. dew point or frost point temperature.In order to reduce sensor connection line and ac-excited measuring technique as far as possible, surveyed with improving
Accuracy of measurement.Ac-excited measuring technique is not used in order to simplify structure in current measuring circuit.
Therefore, it studies a kind of temperature and air pressure suitable for meteorological sounding system and humidity measuring instrument is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the problems of the above-mentioned prior art, a kind of temperature suitable for sonde is provided
Air pressure and humidity measuring instrument indicate temperature, air pressure, the accurate quantification of humidity sensor measurement result and numerical value with reaching.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring instrument suitable for meteorological sounding system,
Including master controller, constant current measurement module, AC measurment module and exchange PWM measurement module, wherein
Master controller, piece is interior to have I2The hardware interface of C bus, timer conter and UART string with capture function
Line interface, I2C bus is used for and constant current measurement module is communicated with AC measurment module, and timer conter is for motivating and measuring friendship
Flow PWM measurement module；UART serial line interface is set as quickly and two kinds of working methods at a slow speed, quick UART for ground test with
Calibration, UART is transmitted for the data of the data in sounding to transmitter at a slow speed, and all measurement and controls are operated by master control
Device processed is realized, and is connect by transmitter with ground-based computer；
Constant current measurement module, has Impetus of Current Source and programmable instrumentation amplifier, and current excitation connects baroceptor
And atmosphere temperature transducer, the reference voltage to form analog to digital conversion is connect with high-precision reference resistance, eliminating in measurement may produce
Suitable gain (2 is arranged in raw constant current fluctuation and measurement error caused by drift, programmable instrumentation amplifiernTimes, n=0,1,
2 ..., 7, so that reference voltage is higher than 1 times but not higher than 2 times of signal voltages), guarantee that analog to digital conversion component works in optimum voltage
Range；
AC measurment module has ac-excited and programmable instrumentation amplifier, reveals frost point with the condensing of voltage drive
Platinum resistance temperature sensor on radiating block in the mirror surface high-precision platinum resistor temperature sensor and semiconductor cooler of instrument connects
It connects, exchange reference voltage is used as the driving voltage of measuring bridge and the reference voltage of ADC, and the setting of programmable instrumentation amplifier is suitable
Gain (2nTimes, n=0,1,2 ..., 7, so that reference voltage is higher than 1 times but not higher than 2 times of signal voltages), guarantee analog to digital conversion
Component works in optimum voltage range；
PWM measurement module is exchanged, the direction signal of the time of measuring pulse that master controller is sent and alternating polarity variation
After being handled by a pulse processing circuit, the charge and discharge of alternating polarity are carried out to the humicap of connection, the charging time forms arteries and veins
Width is rushed, and high-precision pulse width measurement is carried out by the timer counter unit of master controller.
Further technical solution is that the baroceptor resistance value of the constant current measurement module external connection is 1 to 5,000
Europe, for atmosphere temperature transducer resistance value at 30 to 60 ohm, high-precision reference resistance is 1.25 kilo-ohms.
Further technical solution is that the mirror surface of the condensing dew frost point instrument connected in the AC measurment module is high-precision
Spending resistance value of the platinum resistance temperature sensor at 0 degree Celsius is 1 kilo-ohm.
Further technical solution is that condensing reveals the mirror surface high-precision platinum resistor temperature sensor and semiconductor of frost point instrument
The external field-effect tube of the platinum resistance temperature sensor on radiating block in refrigerator forms " H bridge " switching circuit.
Further technical solution is, baroceptor and the positive equal Schottky in parallel in atmosphere temperature transducer both ends
Diode.
Further technical solution is that atmosphere temperature transducer uses 4 line connection types；The mirror surface of condensing dew frost point instrument
High-precision platinum resistor temperature sensor uses 3 line connection types.
Further technical solution is that using 20um thermometric tungsten wire, coiling forms atmosphere temperature transducer repeatedly.
It is a kind of to the temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring method described in claim 1 suitable for meteorological sounding system, feature
It is, including
Step 1. baroceptor, atmosphere temperature transducer, platinum resistance temperature sensor, humicap pass through two-value or
Intermediate calibrating installation processing, obtains the characteristic curve of sensor；
Step 2. connects baroceptor, atmosphere temperature transducer, platinum resistance temperature sensor, humicap by route
It is connected to constant current measurement module, AC measurment module, exchange PWM measurement module, and each module is connected to master controller；
Step 3. is sent measuring device to position to be measured using sonde；
Step 4. measuring device obtains measurement parameter and measurement result is calculated and is sent to ground or by measurement parameter
It is sent to ground-based computer, measurement result is gone out by Floating-point Computation by ground-based computer.
Further technical solution is, when calibration, the setting output of constant current measurement module is 1mA, programmable instrumentation amplifier
Amplification factor is set as 16, and high-precision reference resistance is 1.25 kilo-ohms, and ADC is bipolarity offset binary code.
Further technical solution is, when calibration, the programmable instrumentation amplifier magnification ratio setting of AC measurment module
It is bipolarity offset binary code for 16, ADC.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1) flows through baroceptor, atmosphere temperature transducer (small resistance value) and reference resistance (high-precision) by low current,
It influences the voltage ratio formed thereon by current precision, same amount is amplified to by high-precision programmable instrument amplifier respectively
After step voltage, analog to digital conversion and digital processing are carried out, energy accurate reproduction goes out actual atmospheric temperature and air pressure.
2) makes the temperature detecting resistance of higher resistance value and its connects the polarity effect and thermoelectricity of circuit by using ac-excited
Even effect is eliminated, and by using consistent measuring bridge driving voltage and ADC reference voltage, eliminating reference voltage may
The influence of the fluctuation and drift of appearance carries out analog to digital conversion and digital processing after the amplification of high-precision programmable instrument amplifier,
The temperature of energy accurate reproduction testee.
3) it is motivated by alternating-current pulse, eliminates the influence that the DC electric field that humicap is subject to polarized and reduced performance,
By high-precision pulse width measurement, relative humidity of atomsphere value can be accurately calculated.
4) consistent sex differernce that may be present for sensor, the present apparatus use the preceding inspection by a two-value or multivalue
Determine device, can get the characteristic curve of sensor, to calculate really tested magnitude.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the principle square of the temperature and air pressure provided by the invention suitable for meteorological sounding system and humidity measuring instrument
Figure；
Fig. 2 is atmospheric temperature barometric surveying module principle block diagram provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is mirror temperature measurement module functional block diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is temperature detecting resistance provided in an embodiment of the present invention and temperature relation and error curve diagram；
Fig. 5 is bridge for measuring temperature provided in an embodiment of the present invention and ADC relationship and error curve diagram；
Fig. 6 is measurement temperature provided in an embodiment of the present invention and ADC relationship and error curve diagram；
Fig. 7 is the atmospheric humidity measurement module functional block diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention based on Humidity-Sensitive Capacitance Sensor
With key waveforms figure；
Fig. 8 is provided in an embodiment of the present invention based on pulse width modulated exchange humicap measuring circuit.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution below in the present invention carries out clear
Chu is fully described by, it is clear that described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring instrument suitable for meteorological sounding system, including master controller, constant current measure mould
Block, AC measurment module, and exchange PWM measurement module.
Master controller is constituted by 32 for high-performance embedded chip, and the serial model No.s such as STM320Fxx, hardware interface can be used
Mainly using the I in its piece2The peripheral resources such as C bus, the timer conter with capture function and UART be serial.
I2C bus is used for and constant current measurement module is communicated with AC measurment module；Timer conter is for motivating and measuring
Exchange PWM measurement module；UART serial line interface is set as quickly with two kinds of situations at a slow speed, and quick UART is for ground test and mark
Fixed, UART is transmitted for the data of the data in sounding to emitter at a slow speed.All measurement and control operations are by controller reality
It is existing, the calculating of measurand is formed by measurement structure, can both be completed herein, and be passed final result back, it can also be by measurement parameter
It passes ground back, is realized after being received by ground-based computer.
Therefore ground-based computer is calculated using double-precision floating point, therefore more convenient.
Using the powerful performance of master controller, the staking-out work to sensor can be carried out.It is that may be present for sensor
Consistent sex differernce, using it is preceding by one or multivalue temperature calibrating installation, two-value or multivalue air pressure calibrating installation and two-value or
Multivalue humidity calibrating installation, can calibration sensor characteristic, obtain its characteristic curve, go out true amount for calculate measurand
Value.
Constant current measurement module is for the baroceptor of kilo-ohm resistance value size of current excitation and the temperature of ohmic resistance size
Spend sensor.Low current and intermittent work, can greatly reduce to generate heat caused by sensor influences.Use identical low current
High-precision reference resistance is flowed through to form the reference voltage of analog to digital conversion, eliminates issuable constant current fluctuation and drift in measurement
Caused by offset error.The high-precision programmable instrument amplifier of independent settable gain can guarantee that analog to digital conversion component works in
Optimum voltage range.
Range is arranged in programmable instrumentation amplifier gain are as follows: 2nTimes, n=0,1,2 ..., 7, make reference voltage be higher than 1 times,
But it is not higher than 2 times of signal voltages.
For baroceptor resistance value in 1 to 5 kilo-ohm of range, atmosphere temperature transducer resistance value is high-precision in 30 60 ohm of ranges
Spending reference resistance resistance value is 1.25 kilo-ohms.
The worker state machine result of constant current measurement module passes through I2C bus is by main controller controls and processing.
Mirror surface high-precision platinum of the AC measurment module for the condensing dew frost point instrument of kilo-ohm resistance value size of voltage drive
The platinum resistance temperature sensor on radiating block in resistance temperature sensor and semiconductor cooler.AC measurment can offset connection
The polarity effect and thermocouple effect of route are influenced caused by measurement.Exchange reference voltage is used as the excitation of measuring bridge simultaneously
The reference voltage of voltage and ADC makes it possible to the fluctuation occurred and eliminates automatically with drift to the influence after analog to digital conversion.Setting is closed
Suitable gain, after the amplification of high-precision programmable instrument amplifier, it is ensured that analog to digital conversion component works in optimum voltage range.
Programmable instrumentation amplifier gain setting range is: 2nTimes, n=0,1,2 ..., 7, make reference voltage be higher than 1 times,
But it is not higher than 2 times of signal voltages.
It is 1 kilo-ohm that condensing, which reveals resistance value of the mirror surface high-precision platinum resistor temperature sensor of frost point instrument at 0 degree Celsius,.
The working condition and result of AC measurment module pass through I2C bus is by main controller controls and processing.
Exchange PWM measurement module, the direction signal of the time of measuring pulse that master controller is sent and alternating polarity variation
After being handled by pulse processing circuit, the charge and discharge process of alternating polarity is carried out to humicap, eliminate humicap by
The influence of performance is polarized and reduced to DC electric field, and the charging time forms pulse width, by the timer counter list of master controller
Member carries out high-precision pulse width measurement.
PWM workflow is exchanged by main controller controls and processing, obtains accurate measurement parameter.
The invention proposes technological means in 5, realize the raising of meteorological sounding system performance.
First, be directly linked using sensor excitation and ADC reference voltage, eliminate because reference voltage or current fluctuation,
Additional measurement error caused by drifting about.
The case where for reference current, is suitable for the temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring instrument of meteorological sounding system referring to Fig. 1-
Functional block diagram upper part, the practical schematic diagram of the part is Fig. 2-atmospheric temperature barometric surveying module principle block diagram.
16 AD7792 or 24 AD7793, or similar special chip can be used to realize for constant-current source measurement module.
Electric current flows through absolute pressure sensor, the positive Schottky diode in parallel in the sensor both ends, to prevent from losing
Effect is short-circuit and influences the measurement of concatenated atmospheric temperature.When normal, diode does not work, and when breaking, diode plays maintenance electricity
The effect of stream.
Electric current flows through atmosphere temperature transducer, similarly, the positive Schottky diode in parallel in the sensor both ends, with
Prevent its measurement that is short-circuit and influencing concatenated atmospheric gas pressure of failing.When normal, diode does not work, when short-circuit, diode
Play the role of maintaining electric current.
For the measurement of atmospheric temperature, sensor can be used size 20um thermometric tungsten wire, the tiny tungsten wire to the sun and its
His microwave radiation is insensitive, and zig zag is done in one section of interception, and coiling is several back and forth repeatedly, and formation contacts good atmosphere with air
Temperature sensor RT, under normal temperature conditions, about optional 30 to the 60 ohm of ranges of resistance value, preferably 57 ohm herein, the biography
The change in resistance of sensor meets linear temperature relationship.
In order to obtain good measurement performance, atmosphere temperature transducer RTPreferably use 4 line connection types.Due to Kelvin's electricity
The characteristic on road, electric current transmits the line resistance at circuit (both ends), unaffected in voltage sample route.
Embodiment 1
It is assumed that in temperature t1When, resistance value RA1, AD7792 data measured is D1 (being regarded as demarcating steps 1)；In temperature
Spend t2When, resistance value RA2, AD7792 data measured is D2 (being regarded as demarcating steps 2)；And in actual measurement, temperature t,
Resistance value is RA, AD7792 data measured is D.
Reference voltage is R by reference to resistancerefIt converts and obtains, RrefSelect 1.25 kilo-ohms of low-temperature coefficient high precision electros
Resistance.
AD7792 is set as IOUT2Constant current output, and its size is Itest=1mA, instrument amplifier work in
Amplification factor β (meets this atmospheric temperature measurement situation) when β=16.ADC directly uses bipolarity offset binary code.According to
AD7792 characteristic can derive to obtain atmospheric temperature measurement equation group, i.e. formula (1).
First two of formula (1) are calibration process, i.e., the slope K of atmospheric temperature linear measurement is obtained by calibrationTWith cut
Away from BT, the 3rd is atmospheric temperature measurement calculation formula.
It can be seen that constant-current source I in measurementtestIt is eliminated, drift and fluctuation no longer influence measurement.For higher precision,
Reduce fever to the greatest extent, in practical operation, when measurement, constant-current source ItestJust it is arranged to 1mA effectively to export, other situations will be closed
It closes.
Partial differential is asked to above-mentioned thermometric item, can must estimate temperature measurement error formula (2)
Thus formula is embodied as formula (3) and (4), can estimate due to reference resistance change in resistance δ RrefThe maximum of formation
Measurement error δ trefWith ADC nonlinearity erron δ D-shaped at measurement error δ tDThe case where.Sum of the two is total error.
If constant-current source measurement module use AD7793, due to its 24 be data performance, i.e. D1、D2, D be 24, formula
(1) 2 into (4)-15Change 2 into-23, other settings and value are constant.
The measurement of atmospheric pressure, using NPC-1210-015A-3S or the absolute pressure sensor of similar performance model.It should
Sensor be difference electric bridge form, the parameter provided be driving current be 1.5mA, then full scale 15PSI (be roughly equal to 1034.2hPa,
Slightly above 1 atmospheric pressure 1000hpa) under air pressure conditions, output voltage 100mV may infer that its differential impedance changing value is
66.67 ohm.Obviously, if electric current is 1mA, corresponding output voltage is 66.67mV.
Assuming that output voltage and air pressure change meet linear relationship, in air pressure P1When, corresponding resistor variation is δR1, output
Voltage is VO1, AD7792 data measured is D1(being regarded as demarcating steps 1)；
In air pressure P2, corresponding resistor variation is δ R2, and output voltage VO2, AD7792 data measured is D2(it can recognize
To be demarcating steps 2)；And in actual measurement, air pressure P, corresponding resistor variation is δR, output voltage VO, AD7792 survey
Obtaining data is D.
Consistent with atmospheric temperature measurement principle, the amplification factor β of AD7792 instrument amplifier work is still set as 16, according to
AD7792 characteristic can equally derive to obtain atmospheric pressure measurement formula (5), other are analyzed and handle and atmospheric temperature measurement process one
It causes.
The case where for reference voltage, is suitable for the temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring instrument of meteorological sounding system referring to Fig. 1-
Functional block diagram middle section, the practical schematic diagram of the part is Fig. 2-dew frost point instrument mirror temperature measurement module principle
Block diagram.24 AD7195, or similar special chip can be used to realize for AC measurment module.
For the measurement performance obtained, 4 reference resistance R of electric bridge are formedREFService precision is better than 3 kilo-ohms of 0.1%
Resistance, to guarantee its resistance value consistency and measurement accuracy.
Mirror temperature measurement uses P1K0.232.3FW.A.010 model or similar performance platinum resistance (being detailed in Fig. 3).The platinum
Resistance is having a size of 2.3 x 2x 0.65/1.3 of length, width and height (mm).Small size in order to reduce corresponding time of measurement as far as possible.According to
Its technical specification, 0 DEG C of resistance value are 1 kilo-ohm.Assuming that in temperature tCWhen, resistance value RMC, AD7195 data measured is Data.Resistance
Be worth variation with temperature can polynomial repressentation, as shown in formula (6).
Wherein, A=3.9083 × 10-3【℃-1], B=-5.775 × 10-7【℃-2], C=-4.183 × 10-12【℃-4],
Belong to the thermometric thermal resistance type that temperature coefficient is 3850ppm/K.
Fig. 4 gives the relationship (above) and error curve diagram (following figure) of the temperature detecting resistance resistance value and temperature.
Method using reference voltage as measurement voltage, is detailed in Fig. 3.N-channel and P-channel insulated-gate field-effect in figure
Pipe, is used as reversing switch, and working condition is saturation conduction or shutdown medium.There is AC measurment module (as produced using AD7195)
Raw forward driving model ACX1 and complementary drive modelAnd reverse drive signals ACX2 and complementary drive signalsIt respectively drives.
In this way, reference voltage VREFSimultaneously also as the driving voltage of measuring bridge, polarity is periodically-varied, is put down
Equal voltage is 0, belongs to AC measurment model.Thermometric platinum electricity in order to see additional effect caused by may be decreased lead, in circuit
Resistance, using 3 line connection modes.
In order to realize best range, it is double that the work amplification factor β of AC measurment modules A D7195, which is set as 16, ADC,
Polarity offset binary code.
By formula (6), tested thermal resistance calculation formula can be expressed as: RMC=f (tC), inverse function tC=f-1
(RMC).According to four resistive bridge networks, voltage output is measured are as follows:
According to the characteristic of AC measurment modules A D7195, ADC transforming numerical are as follows:
Using formula (6) and (8), temperature detecting resistance resistance value and ADC relationship and error curve on bridge for measuring temperature can be calculated
Figure, in detail as shown in Figure 5.As it can be seen that reference voltage no longer reacts in output data, unstability that may be present is disappeared
It removes.
Formula (8) can be expressed as: Data=g (RMC), inverse function RMC=g-1(Data).Transforming numerical can be derived to obtain
With measurement temperature relationship: Data=g (f (tC))=h (tC), inverse function are as follows: tC=f-1(g-1(Data))=h-1(Data)。
It is calculated, is can be obtained with stepping due to required precision, the temperature value in measurement range by Matlab numerical value
Set converts the relationship of last numerical value set, i.e. Data=h (t with corresponding ADCC).Using Data as independent variable, tCFor dependent variable,
A 3 rank multinomial relationships, i.e. t can be fittedC=h-1(Data), in this way, can directly find out temperature value from the data measured
T, as shown in formula (9).
T=p1Data3+p2Data2+p3Data+p4--------------------(9)
Wherein, h-1=[p1 p2 p3 p4], and
p1=-187304258.701497/1E20
p2=25813142653524.273438/1E20
p3=-2208570865245775360.000000/1E20
p4=26443952875826686459904.000000/1E20
Fitting formula need to be calculated using double-precision floating points, and the maximum extra error generated can less than 0.03 DEG C
To ignore.Fig. 6 gives the relationship that temperature and ADC output offset binary code are measured across temperature detecting resistance resistance value and error is bent
Line, analysis correspond to scheme above and below.
So far, the mirror temperature for revealing frost point instrument, which accurately measures, have been completed.
The heatsink temperature measurement for revealing frost point instrument is identical with mirror temperature measurement.To reduce cost, body phase can be used
Biggish to volume B grades of thermometric platinum resistance of PT1000 type are realized.
Second, using capacitor charging linearity range, the linear relationship of pulsewidth and capacitance is formed, by pulse width measure, directly
Calculate relative humidity.
Humicap CHThe size of capacity and its local environment humidity are almost in a linear relationship, if to the measured value of capacitor
It is also linearly, then measurement data will also belong to linear relationship with humidity.
As shown in fig. 7, the input of analog switch is direct current, output is connected into " H bridge " circuit, to realize to humicap CH's
Positive charge and discharge and reversely from the switching of electric discharge.Charge-discharge circuit and schmidt trigger its collectively form pulse shaping circuit.
According to humicap CHThe range of capacity estimates a suitable time constant, so as to determine the size of charge and discharge resistance,
It is allowed to during the charging process, the voltage swing and humicap C before Schmidt trigger overturningHIt is in a linear relationship, namely guarantee
Output pulse width size and humicap CHIt is in a linear relationship.After the pulse signal shaping, it is output to master controller and is counted, obtained
Obtain pulse-width data D.
It is assumed that in humidity H1When, correspondence pulse-width data is D1(being regarded as demarcating steps 1), humidity H2When, it corresponds to
Pulse-width data is D2(being regarded as demarcating steps 2)；And in actual measurement, humidity H, corresponding pulse-width data is D.As a result,
It can derive formula (10).
The 1st of formula (10) and the 2nd equation are that calibration is used, and third equation is to survey equation, straight by pwm value
It connects and calculates rh value.
3rd, uses ac-excited technology, eliminates or mitigates sensor itself and its connect the polarity effect and heat of circuit
The influence of galvanic effect is that measurement accuracy is higher.
The mirror temperature of road frost point instrument and the accurate measurement of heatsink temperature, it is visible in Fig. 3.
By external field-effect tube, to form " H bridge " switching circuit, by the measurement of forward and reverse, in data accumulation
In, offsetting the polarity effect that external circuit is formed naturally, additionally forward and reverse error, raising measurement are accurate with thermocouple effect bring
Property.
In order to avoid humicap is polarized and reduces measurement performance and service life, need using ac-excited technology, and it is normal
The direct current charge-discharge circuit of rule should not use.
The AC measurment circuit of humicap is shown in Fig. 8.Analog switch uses ADG413BR or other performance identity units, by
In its conducting resistance very little, conducting resistance itself and its discreteness bring resistance value otherness, can for charge and discharge resistance
It ignores.In this way, forward and reverse charging parameter is completely the same, it both ensure that the exchange drive characteristic of complete 0 offset, in turn ensured
The consistency of positive and negative measurement.
4th, using two-value linear calibration or multivalue non-linear fitting technique, solution sensor individuals discreteness is big to be asked
Topic
For thin tungsten wire atmosphere temperature transducer, baroceptor and humidity sensor, individual discreteness is larger, makes
It must be demarcated before, otherwise be missed by a mile.The sensor that the present embodiment uses, the linearity is preferable, directly using linear
Two-value calibration under approximating method, simplifies operation and calculating process.If needed using the bad sensor of the linearity
Use multivalue non-linear fitting technique.
It the following is the specific method of two-value linear calibration.
Calibration for atmospheric temperature measurement, steps are as follows:
1) setting AD7792 work amplification factor β=16, use constant current output end IOUT2(Itest=1mA), ADC is
Bipolarity offset binary code；
2) it determines reference resistance resistance value, generally takes 1.25 kilo-ohms, use high stable resistance, precision 0.1%；
3) environment temperature t is set using insulating box1, measure and obtain ADC numerical value D1；
4) environment temperature t is set2, measure and obtain ADC numerical value D2；
5) the 1st and the 2nd of formula (1) is used as a result, can calculate slope kTWith intercept bT, computer records the instrument
Device and its this corresponding two-value；
6) k is inputtedTAnd bT, hereafter measure and the 3rd of formula (1) can be used directly to calculate atmospheric temperature t.
Calibration for atmospheric pressure measurement, steps are as follows:
1) setting AD7792 work amplification factor β=16, use constant current output end IOUT2(Itest=1mA), ADC is
Bipolarity offset binary code；
2) it determines reference resistance resistance value, generally takes 1.25 kilo-ohms, use high stable resistance, precision 0.1%；
3) using constant pressure case setting measurement air pressure P1, measure and obtain ADC numerical value D1；
4) setting measurement air pressure P2, measurement obtains ADC numerical value D2；
5) the 1st and the 2nd of formula (2) is used as a result, can calculate slope kPWith intercept bP, computer records the instrument
And its this corresponding two-value；
6) k is inputtedPWith intercept bP, hereafter measure and the 3rd of formula (2) can be used directly to calculate atmospheric temperature P.
For the calibration of atmospheric humidity measurement, steps are as follows:
It 1) the use of constant humidity cabinet setting measurement humidity is H1, measure and obtain pulse width numerical value D1；
2) setting measurement humidity is H2, measure and obtain pulse width numerical value D2；
3) the 1st and the 2nd of formula (3) is used, slope k can be calculatedHWith intercept bH, computer record the instrument and its
This corresponding two-value；
4) k is inputtedHWith intercept bH, hereafter measure and the 3rd of formula (3) can be used directly to calculate atmospheric humidity H.
5) the 5th, the method that measurand is directly fitted using measured value reduces multiple conversions bring extra error
6) measurement for putting temperature and its slug temperatures for revealing the dew (or frost) of frost point instrument, using mature and stable
There are certain relationships for platinum resistance temperature sensor, resistance and temperature, and after measuring circuit determines, final ADC is surveyed
There is also certain relationships for value and resistance.In this way, the two is combined, the simple computation of formula (9) is formed, is reduced
Intermediate link, public security also just reduces since intermediate link calculates the rounding error generated, and reduces calculation amount.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these are modified or replaceed, technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring instrument suitable for meteorological sounding system, which is characterized in that
Including master controller, constant current measurement module, AC measurment module and exchange PWM measurement module, wherein
Master controller, piece is interior to have I2The hardware interface of C bus, timer conter and UART serial interface with capture function
Mouthful, I2C bus is used for and constant current measurement module is communicated with AC measurment module, and timer conter is exchanged for motivating and measuring
PWM measurement module；UART serial line interface is set as quickly with two kinds of working methods at a slow speed, and quick UART is for ground test and mark
Fixed, UART is transmitted for the data of the data in sounding to transmitter at a slow speed, and all measurement and controls are operated by main control
Device is realized, and is connect by transmitter with ground-based computer；
Constant current measurement module, has Impetus of Current Source and a programmable instrumentation amplifier, and current excitation connects baroceptor and big
Gas temperature sensor connect the reference voltage to form analog to digital conversion with high-precision reference resistance, eliminates issuable in measurement
Suitable gain is arranged in constant current fluctuation and measurement error caused by drift, programmable instrumentation amplifier, guarantees analog to digital conversion component
Work in optimum voltage range；
AC measurment module has ac-excited and programmable instrumentation amplifier, with the condensing dew frost point instrument of voltage drive
Mirror surface high-precision platinum resistor temperature sensor is connected with the platinum resistance temperature sensor on the radiating block in semiconductor cooler, is handed over
It flows reference voltage and is used as the driving voltage of measuring bridge and the reference voltage of ADC, the setting of programmable instrumentation amplifier is suitable to be increased
Benefit guarantees that analog to digital conversion component works in optimum voltage range；
PWM measurement module is exchanged, the direction signal of the time of measuring pulse that master controller is sent and alternating polarity variation is by one
After a pulse processing circuit processing, the charge and discharge of alternating polarity are carried out to the humicap of connection, it is wide that the charging time forms pulse
Degree, and high-precision pulse width measurement is carried out by the timer counter unit of master controller.
2. a kind of temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring instrument suitable for meteorological sounding system according to claim 1, feature
It is, the baroceptor resistance value of the constant current measurement module external connection is at 1 to 5 kilo-ohm, atmosphere temperature transducer resistance value
At 30 to 60 ohm, high-precision reference resistance is 1.25 kilo-ohms.
3. a kind of temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring instrument suitable for meteorological sounding system according to claim 1, feature
It is, the mirror surface high-precision platinum resistor temperature sensor of the condensing dew frost point instrument connected in the AC measurment module is 0
Degree Celsius when resistance value be 1 kilo-ohm.
4. a kind of temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring instrument suitable for meteorological sounding system according to claim 1 or 3, special
Sign is that condensing reveals on the radiating block in the mirror surface high-precision platinum resistor temperature sensor and semiconductor cooler of frost point instrument
The external field-effect tube of platinum resistance temperature sensor forms " H bridge " switching circuit.
5. a kind of temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring instrument suitable for meteorological sounding system according to claim 1 or 2, special
Sign is, baroceptor and the positive Schottky diode in parallel in atmosphere temperature transducer both ends.
6. a kind of temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring instrument suitable for meteorological sounding system according to claim 4 or 5, special
Sign is that atmosphere temperature transducer uses 4 line connection types；The mirror surface high-precision platinum resistor temperature sensing of condensing dew frost point instrument
Device uses 3 line connection types.
7. a kind of temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring instrument suitable for meteorological sounding system according to claim 6, feature
It is, using 20um thermometric tungsten wire, coiling forms atmosphere temperature transducer repeatedly.
8. a kind of to the temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring method described in claim 1 suitable for meteorological sounding system, feature exists
In, including
Step 1. baroceptor, atmosphere temperature transducer, platinum resistance temperature sensor, humicap pass through two-value or multivalue
The calibrating installation of change is handled, and obtains the characteristic curve of sensor；
Baroceptor, atmosphere temperature transducer, platinum resistance temperature sensor, humicap are passed through connection extremely by step 2.
Constant current measurement module, AC measurment module, exchange PWM measurement module, and each module is connected to master controller；
Step 3. is sent measuring device to position to be measured using sonde；
Step 4. measuring device obtains measurement parameter and measurement result is calculated and is sent to ground or sends measurement parameter
To ground-based computer, measurement result is gone out by Floating-point Computation by ground-based computer.
9. the temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring method according to claim 7 suitable for meteorological sounding system, which is characterized in that
When calibration, the setting output of constant current measurement module is 1mA, and programmable instrumentation amplifier magnification ratio is set as 16, high-precision reference
Resistance is 1.25 kilo-ohms, and ADC is bipolarity offset binary code.
10. the temperature and air pressure and humidity measuring method according to claim 7 suitable for meteorological sounding system, feature exist
When, calibration, the programmable instrumentation amplifier magnification ratio of AC measurment module be set as 16, ADC be bipolarity offset two into
Code processed.
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| CN115980884A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-04-18 | 福建师范大学 | Temperature anomaly detection method in high-altitude meteorological detection by secondary Bezier curve fitting |
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