CN109372433A - A kind of PDC drill bit of heat spall broken rock - Google Patents
A kind of PDC drill bit of heat spall broken rock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109372433A CN109372433A CN201811186016.0A CN201811186016A CN109372433A CN 109372433 A CN109372433 A CN 109372433A CN 201811186016 A CN201811186016 A CN 201811186016A CN 109372433 A CN109372433 A CN 109372433A
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- rock
- drill bit
- electromagnetic wave
- pdc
- bit
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 208000031636 Body Temperature Changes Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B12/00—Accessories for drilling tools
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of PDC drill bit of heat spall broken rock, including bit body, fixing wing, PDC tooth is provided in fixing wing, water hole or nozzle, it is characterized by: at least one electromagnetic wave generator is arranged on the wing of drill bit, the electromagnetic wave generator includes DC power supply, rlc circuit, high-frequency amplifier, transmitting antenna, and drill bit center portion is provided with center water hole, and drill bit is steel body bit.Electromagnetic wave is irradiated heating to rock in this way, by heat spall fractured rock, rock is met water by center water hole and is cooled down suddenly under the condition of high temperature, due to rock body temperature change dramatically, in rock interior formation temperature gradient, thermal fracture or thermal shock phenomenon are generated in rock, lead to a variety of mechanics property-deteriorations of rock, drill bit is that heat spall and PDC tooth are scraped and cut two ways coupling broken rock, improve the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit, it can reduce PDC tooth wedging stratum difficulty, extend the service life of PDC tooth, promote the comprehensive performance of drill bit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil-gas drilling engineering, mine engineering, building foundation engineering constructions, geological drilling, tunnel
A kind of technical equipment such as engineering, the hydrology and no-dig technique field, and in particular to PDC drill bit of heat spall broken rock.
Background technique
PDC drill bit by high rigidity, it is wear-resisting, from sharp composite polycrystal-diamond (abbreviation PDC tooth or cutting tooth) conduct
Cutting element is sheared and fractured rock.PDC drill bit rate of penetration in soft-medium hard formation is high, the service life is long, and drilling cost is low,
Therefore it is used widely in the drilling of oil/gas well.
In oil/gas drilling engineering, the geological conditions on stratum is often very complicated, the mud shale and argillaceous sandstone of deep formation
Deng under the conditions of overlying formation pressure and high density drilling fluid, not only density and hardness increases, but also from the brittleness under normal pressure
For rock to modeling brittle rock or plastic rock conversion, drillability is very poor, in addition the hydraulic energy wretched insufficiency of deep well section, cannot
The effect of waterpower auxiliary rock is effectively played, the speed of drilling is at a fairly low.Drill bit will often pass through the stratum of a variety of different lithologies, this
A little stratum not only include the incompetent bed for being easier to bore that compares, but also including the poor hard formation of drillability, high abrasive stratum, modeling
Property stratum, soft or hard staggered alternating layers, steep stratum of height containing the serious heterogeneity stratum such as gravel and high inclination-angle etc..These complexity
Formation condition is easy to cause the extraordinary failure of PDC drill bit, or drilling effect of the drill bit under Special Drilling Operation process conditions is made to be deteriorated,
Only it is difficult to meet present drilling well demand by mechanical broken rock.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in provide a kind of heating power in view of the deficiency of the prior art
The PDC drill bit of broken rock is peeled off, such electromagnetic wave is irradiated heating to rock, by heat spall fractured rock, the condition of high temperature
Lower rock is met water by center water hole and is cooled down suddenly, due to rock body temperature change dramatically, in rock interior formation temperature ladder
Degree, rock is interior to generate thermal fracture or thermal shock phenomenon, leads to a variety of mechanics property-deteriorations of rock, and drill bit is that heat spall is broken
Rock and PDC tooth, which are scraped, cuts through crushed rocks two ways coupling broken rock, improves the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit, can reduce PDC tooth and eat
Enter stratum difficulty, extends the service life of PDC tooth, promote the comprehensive performance of drill bit.
The object of the invention is realized by following technical proposals:
The PDC drill bit of the prior art, including bit body, fixing wing, are provided with PDC tooth, water hole or spray in fixing wing
Mouth, it is characterised in that: at least one electromagnetic wave generator is set on drill bit, the electromagnetic wave generator include DC power supply,
Rlc circuit, high-frequency amplifier, transmitting antenna, drill bit center portion is provided with center water hole, and drill bit is steel body bit.
In this patent, at least one electromagnetic wave generator is set on the wing of drill bit, the electromagnetic wave generator includes
DC power supply, rlc circuit, high-frequency amplifier, transmitting antenna, DC power supply are persistently powered to rlc circuit, and rlc circuit generates electricity
Magnetic oscillation improves the frequency of electromagnetic wave by high-frequency amplifier, and electromagnetic wave is directly transmitted into rock by transmitting antenna, rock
Masonry is the electromagnetic wave absorption energy that dielectric material can be different degrees of, and rock material intercouples with electromagnetic field, forms various function
Rate dissipates that electromagnetism wave energy is made to be converted into thermal energy in rock interior.Electromagnetic wave irradiation rock is by rock interior dipole molecule
Generation " interior frictional heat " is moved in high-frequency reciprocating and rock temperature is allowed to increase, and being not necessary to any heat transfer process can make inside and outside rock
Portion is heated simultaneously and heating.It issues electromagnetic wave using electromagnetic wave generator to be irradiated rock, tensile strength, the anti-impact of rock
Reduced performance is hit, the thermal expansion deformation of rock interior different minerals matter is different, and cause rock microcracks to extend up to catalase,
By heat spall fractured rock.The influence factor for influencing electromagnetic wave heating rock efficiency mainly has: (1) each mineral of rock interior
Matter electromagnetic wave absorption electric field strength, the frequency of (2) electromagnetic wave, electrical loss coefficient of (3) medium etc., each minerals of rock interior
Property can not change, but improve the frequency of electromagnetic wave, and the electrical loss coefficient for increasing rock can be improved electromagnetic wave heating rock
Efficiency, therefore be provided in electromagnetic wave generator the frequency that high-frequency amplifier is used to improve electromagnetic wave, while adding in rock
Before heat, a certain amount of water-jet is entered by shaft bottom by the center water hole of drill bit, increases the water content of rock, to increase rock
Electrical loss coefficient improves the efficiency of electromagnetic wave heating rock；When electromagnetic wave by rock heat to regulation high temperature when, electromagnetic wave occur
Device just no longer works, and water is invaded rock by center water hole, generate in so unexpected cooling procedure of High temperature rocks thermal fracture or
Person's thermal shock phenomenon generates thermal fracture due to rock body temperature change dramatically in rock interior formation temperature gradient, rock
Or thermal shock phenomenon, lead to a variety of mechanics property-deteriorations of rock.Crackle on rock breeds generation, further development, crackle
Between mutually overlap joint be formed through bigger crackle, these final micro-cracks, crack further expand and penetrate through, rock mass deterioration,
The various material properties of rock of rock reduce.The ontology of drill bit uses steel body bit because metal material will not electromagnetic wave absorption,
Electromagnetic wave will not damage PDC tooth on drill bit during heating rock.After the mechanical property of rock reduces in this way, the intrusion of PDC tooth
Rock becomes to be more easier, and drill bit, come fractured rock, reduces rock by the coupling broken rock mode of heating power broken rock and mechanical rock breaking
Mechanical property, improve PDC tooth wedging stratum ability, so that the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit is improved, to promote the comprehensive of drill bit
Energy.
Alternatively, the frequency of electromagnetic wave is 3GHz-300GHz.
In above scheme, for the frequency influence electromagnetic wave of electromagnetic wave to the heating efficiency of rock, wave frequency is higher, adds
The efficiency of hot rock is higher, limits the frequency of electromagnetic wave between 3GHz-300GHz, improves the efficiency of heating rock, shortens electricity
Magnetic wave heats the time of rock, and the thermal shock phenomenon generated to rock can be more obvious, deteriorates rock property.
Alternatively, the temperature of electromagnetic wave heating rock is controlled at 300 DEG C -500 DEG C.
In above scheme, the temperature of electromagnetic wave heating rock is controlled at 300 DEG C -500 DEG C, due to having artificial gold on PDC tooth
Hard rock plycrystalline diamond layer, diamond plycrystalline diamond layer will be graphitized at 550 DEG C, and after graphitization, PDC tooth just no longer has high hard
It spends, is wear-resisting, from the characteristics such as sharp, if the temperature of electromagnetic wave heating rock is too low, rock degradation will be substantially reduced, and be unfavorable for
PDC wedging rock, to reduce the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit.Since PDC is during rock cutting process, with the frictional force of rock
Temperature can also reach more than 200 DEG C, therefore by the control of the temperature of electromagnetic wave heating rock within the scope of 300 DEG C -500 DEG C, can
The deterioration rock ability of maximization degree, and can guarantee the normal cutting of PDC tooth.
Alternatively, electromagnetic wave penetrates the deep-controlled in 20cm-30cm of rock.
In above scheme, electromagnetic wave penetrates the deep-controlled in 20cm-30cm of rock.This drill bit is to be directed to drillability
Poor hard formation, high abrasive stratum, plastic formation, soft or hard staggered alternating layers, containing the serious heterogeneity stratum such as gravel, Yi Ji great
The steep stratum of height at inclination angle, the rate of penetration of conventional PDC drill bit is relatively low in this stratum, and rate of penetration is generally below 1m/h, together
When drilling life of bit it is shorter, electromagnetic wave penetrates the deep-controlled in 20cm-30cm of rock, and single heating time controls at 5 points
Within clock, the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit can be improved, extend the service life of PDC tooth, to improve the service life of drill bit.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, at least one electromagnetic wave generator is set on drill bit, the electromagnetic wave generator include DC power supply, rlc circuit,
High-frequency amplifier, transmitting antenna issue electromagnetic wave using electromagnetic wave generator and are irradiated to rock, the tensile strength of rock,
Shock resistance reduces, and the thermal expansion deformation of rock interior different minerals matter is different, causes rock microcracks extension until rock
It is broken, by heat spall fractured rock.
2, rock is in heating up process, mainly by hot-drawn stress, destroys rock with stretch form, passes through
High-frequency amplifier improves the frequency of electromagnetic wave and increases the electrical loss coefficient of rock by center water hole injection water, is promoted
The efficiency of electromagnetic wave heating rock, causes rock-breaking efficiency to be increased sharply.
3, rock is met water by center water hole and is cooled down suddenly under the condition of high temperature, due to rock body temperature change dramatically,
Rock interior formation temperature gradient, rock is interior to generate thermal fracture or thermal shock phenomenon, leads to a variety of mechanics property-deteriorations of rock.
4, bit body is steel body, since electromagnetic wave absorption, electromagnetic wave are being not that electromagnetism wave energy will not to rock heat to metal
PDC tooth on drill bit is impacted, so as to extend the service life of drill bit.
5, the invention drill bit is that heat spall fractured rock and PDC tooth are scraped and cut through crushed rocks two ways coupling broken rock,
The efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit is improved, while can reduce PDC tooth wedging stratum difficulty, extends the service life of PDC tooth, promotes drill bit
Comprehensive performance.
6, heat spall fractured rock will not generate harmful substance, and safe and environment-friendly, and efficiency is higher.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is PDC drill bit schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is PDC drill bit top view of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is electromagnetic wave generator schematic diagram；
It is identified in figure: 1- bit body；2- fixing wing；21- PDC tooth；The water hole 3- or fixed nozzle；The center 4- water hole；5- electromagnetism
Wave producer；51- DC power supply；52-RLC circuit；53- high-frequency amplifier；54- transmitting antenna.
Specific embodiment
Following non-limiting examples are for illustrating the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, a kind of PDC drill bit of heat spall broken rock, including bit body 1, fixing wing 2, in fixation
Be provided with PDC tooth 21, water hole or nozzle 3, it is characterised in that: at least one electromagnetic wave is set on the wing of drill bit on wing
Generator 5, the electromagnetic wave generator includes DC power supply 51, rlc circuit 52, high-frequency amplifier 53, transmitting antenna 54, and is bored
Head center portion is provided with center water hole 4, and drill bit is steel body bit.
Preferably, the frequency of electromagnetic wave is 3GHz-300GHz.
Preferably, the temperature of electromagnetic wave heating rock is controlled at 300 DEG C -500 DEG C.
Preferably, electromagnetic wave penetrates the deep-controlled in 20cm-30cm of rock.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of PDC drill bit of heat spall broken rock, including bit body, fixing wing, are provided with PDC tooth in fixing wing,
Water hole or nozzle, it is characterised in that: at least one electromagnetic wave generator is set on the wing of drill bit, and the electromagnetic wave occurs
Device includes DC power supply, rlc circuit, high-frequency amplifier, transmitting antenna, and drill bit center portion is provided with center water hole, and drill bit is steel
Body drill bit.
2. a kind of PDC drill bit of heat spall broken rock as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the frequency of electromagnetic wave is 3GHz-
300GHz。
3. a kind of PDC drill bit of heat spall broken rock as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the temperature of electromagnetic wave heating rock
Degree control is at 300 DEG C -500 DEG C.
4. a kind of PDC drill bit of heat spall broken rock as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: electromagnetic wave penetrates the depth of rock
Degree control is in 20cm-30cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811186016.0A CN109372433A (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2018-10-11 | A kind of PDC drill bit of heat spall broken rock |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811186016.0A CN109372433A (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2018-10-11 | A kind of PDC drill bit of heat spall broken rock |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109372433A true CN109372433A (en) | 2019-02-22 |
Family
ID=65403093
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811186016.0A Pending CN109372433A (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2018-10-11 | A kind of PDC drill bit of heat spall broken rock |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109372433A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112324342A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-05 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Near-ground jet PDC drill bit |
| CN112523685A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-19 | 深圳大学 | Microwave rock breaking and drilling device |
| CN112832687A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-05-25 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Intelligent drill bit capable of adjusting cutting depth and working principle thereof |
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Application publication date: 20190222 |
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