CN109323777A - A kind of the distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing method and device of pulse code - Google Patents
A kind of the distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing method and device of pulse code Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/324—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres using Raman scattering
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Abstract
The distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing method and device of a kind of pulse code disclosed by the invention, arbitrary order encoder matrix, its the elements in a main diagonal is all " 0 ", remaining element is all " 1 ", successively in every row injection distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing device of the matrix, the device includes semiconductor laser and drive module, FPGA coding demodulator containing SOA (semiconductor optical amplifier), fiber amplifier, optical fiber circulator, optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer, insulating box, sensor fibre, detector module, A/D module and industrial personal computer.In conjunction with pulse code principle and fiber Rayleigh scattering aid demodulation Raman scattering principle, the dynamic range of sensor-based system is improved in the case where not changing spatial resolution, increases measurement length and measurement accuracy.It is applicable to water, oil, gas pipeline in larger range, well, tunnel and large scale civil engineering measurement and disaster alarm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing devices, especially with a kind of distributed light of pulse code
Fine Raman temperature sensing method and device, belong to technical field of optical fiber sensing.
Background technique
ROTDR (Raman optical time domain reflectometer) is to utilize distributed fiber temperature sensing system made of Raman back scattering
System.Detectable signal will be used as in light pulse injection fibre, when light pulse is along spread fiber, the backward of Raman scattering everywhere dissipates
Optical fiber incidence end will constantly be returned to by penetrating part, and Raman scattering includes Stokes and anti-Stokes light, wherein anti-Stokes
Light is sensitive to fiber optic temperature.Detect that the backward of input terminal dissipates by the photoelectric detector of suitable photo-coupler and high-speed response
It penetrates size and the arrival time of light, the quantitative temperature distributing characteristic for measuring optical fiber of energy, length etc..
The ROTDR of high dynamic range and high spatial resolution has a very important role in the measurement of fibre system,
The temperature measurement accuracy and measurement length of optical fiber can be improved, provided for the temperature pre-warning accurate positioning in fibre system strong
It ensures.
Dynamic range is by the injection peak power of light pulse, pulse width, light transmission loss in a fiber, photoreceiver
Loss, digital processing signal-to-noise ratio influence；High spatial resolution by the pulse width of light pulse, the bandwidth of photoreceiver,
The influence of A/D sample rate.It can be seen that obtain big dynamic range simultaneously and high spatial resolution be it is impossible, the two is not
It can get both.
Modern signal processing (i.e. by way of pulse code), by injection light pulse signal modulation at coding
When detectable signal of the light pulse signal as ROTDR, its incident optical power is increased, and the increase side of such optical power
Formula is not to be obtained using traditional increase pulse width, i.e., pulse width still remains unchanged.The increase of incident optical power
The dynamic range of ROTDR can be made to be improved, and pulse width remains unchanged i.e. spatial resolution and remains unchanged.
The coding mode used in engineering reality mainly has Simpson to encode (Simplex code), Gray code
(Golay code) and complementary relevant criterion orthogonal sequence encode (Complementary Correlated Prometheus
Orthonormal Sequence, CCPONS).Simpson's coding gain (length that N is coded sequence)By one group of single-stage
Property encoder matrix complete；Gray code gainIt is completed by four groups of single-stage encoder matrixs, is equivalent to and is compiled by one group of single-stage
Code matrix completes gainComplementary relevant criterion orthogonal sequence coding gainIt is completed by eight groups of single-stage encoder matrixs, phase
When in by one group of single-stage encoder matrix completion gainThe coding gain that patent of invention CN102706475B is mentioned also only hasSimpson's coding is implanted in ROTDR.Simpson's encoder matrix removes the first row and first row by Hadamard matrix
It converts, order N=2m- 1 (m is natural number), Gray code and complementary relevant criterion orthogonal sequence encoder matrix press tree-shaped
Additional method is converted, order N=2m(m is natural number).
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing methods and device of a kind of pulse code, by one
Group single-stage encoder matrix (arbitrary order) completes limit gainTo improve the dynamic range of system, obtains higher temperature and survey
Accuracy of measurement and measurement length.
The present invention uses the distributed fiber Raman temperature of Rayleigh scattering light aid demodulation anti-Stokes light, concrete scheme
It is as follows:
A kind of the distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing method and device of pulse code, as shown in Figure 1, including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: industrial personal computer 11 generates N (such as N=100) rank matrix S=(a when executing program initializationij), work as i=j
When, aij=0, as i ≠ j, aij=1, the invertible matrix S of S is calculated by matrix inversion technique-1=(bij), as i=j,As i ≠ j,(≤5ns has energy to element " 1 " representative injection sensor fibre 10, >=5ns in s-matrix
The 10ns of noenergy) laser pulse, element " 0 " represent injection sensor fibre 10 (10ns) noenergy laser pulse, by wrapping
FPGA code modulation module 12 containing SOA (semiconductor optical amplifier) is modulated, in this way, " 1 " light pulse of continuous adjacent will not drop
Low fiber Raman stimulated radiation threshold.
Step 2: it when industrial personal computer 11 executes program acquisition sensor fibre information, successively issues the every row of matrix S and is encoded to FPGA
In code modulation module 12, by coded modulation SOA, continuous semiconductor laser and drive module 19 is generated into light pulse as required and compiled
Code injects sensor fibre 10, returns to backscattered light on sensor fibre 10 through fiber amplifier 13 after 14 input terminal of optical fiber circulator
14 output end of optical fiber circulator enters wavelength division multiplexer 16 to return terminal, is divided to two rood back scattering Reyleith scanttering lights and this anti-support of back scattering
Ke Si light, then corresponding APD detector 17 is arrived, APD is followed by A/D module 18, and A/D module 18 is with PCIeX interface and industrial personal computer 11
It is connected.Synchronous electric pulse, which is sent out, through FPGA code modulation module 12 opens bis- road synchronous acquisition back scattering of 100Mhz16bitsA/D
Rayleigh optical information and back scattering anti-Stokes optical information are stored in the buffer area A/D, can repeatedly trigger carry out digital averaging, touching
Send out the periodC is light speed in a vacuum, and n is sensor fibre refractive index, and L is sensor fibre length.Here 100MHzA/D
Sample frequency is aligned with 10ns light pulse, when detector APD band is wider than 100MHz, can get sensor fibre spatial resolution
1m。
Step 3: industrial personal computer 11 executes the back scattering Rayleigh optical information and the anti-stoke of back scattering that program obtains digital averaging
When this optical information, S is utilized when calculating the Rayleigh optical information of backscattering-1Solve every on sensor fibre back scattering Reyleith scanttering light letter
Breath, and the correlation of coding is used, every back scattering Reyleith scanttering light information acquisition sensor fibre on digital averaging sensor fibre
Whether physical structure carries out pattern-recognition with the sensor fibre physical structure for being stored in industrial personal computer, judges sensor fibre by outer
Boundary's stress meets the temperature measurement of certain precision, will alarm Ru no and send someone to check route, and then carry out step 4 in this way.
Step 4: S is utilized-1Every on sensor fibre back scattering anti-Stokes optical information is solved, and uses coding
Correlation, every back scattering anti-Stokes optical information on digital averaging sensor fibre utilize the calibration of industrial personal computer storage bent
Line and initial end plate have 10 meters of sensor fibres to be put into insulating box 15, demodulate every on sensor fibre temperature value.
Working principle of the invention is as follows:
Using the coding and decoding principle of the distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing of train pulse coding and decoding:
If injection simple venation washes P off1(t) and through when delay injection light pulse be P2(t), P3(t) ... ..., PN(t) (such as
First group, 0,1,1 ... ..., 1；Second group, 1,0,1 ... ..., 1), the reason not comprising noise obtained after ROTDR system
Think that signal curve is ψ1(t), ψ2(t) ... ..., ψN(t) (back scattering Rayleigh curve or back scattering anti-Stokes curve), and obtain
The actual measurement optical signal curve arrived is η1(t), η2(t) ... ..., ηN(t), (back scattering Rayleigh curve or the anti-stoke of back scattering
This curve).The system noise respectively contained in signal at this time is e1(t), e2(t) ... ..., eN(t), then there is following expression formula:
S indicates N rank matrix of the present invention, and recovery injection traditional single pulse P is realized using following formula1(t) it is obtained after
ROTDR ideal signal curve ψ1(t), whereinAlso illustrate that ψ1(t) estimated value:
Utilize correlation formula:
ψ1(t+ (i-1) τ)=ψ1(t) (i=1,2 ..., N) (3)
Have:
WhereinTjk=-(N-2), j ≠ k, Tjk=1
It is rightIt carries out time-shifting inverse transformation and takes their average value, have below
Expression formula:
Assuming that be between noise it is incoherent, the available traditional single pulse ROTDR experiment curv finally restored it is square
Error are as follows:
The mean square error of the curve obtained after traditional single pulse ROTDR cumulative mean measurement n times is σ2/ N, and with N rank S square
Battle array coding is formula (6) as the mean square error of the ROTDR experiment curv of detectable signal, it is possible thereby to obtain the S for using order to be N
After matrix coder is as detectable signal, ROTDR system detection signal-to-noise ratio and traditional single pulse ROTDR commonly add up by n times and put down
The signal-to-noise ratio obtained after handling improves, i.e. coding gain are as follows:
The present invention compares according to formula (7) and Simplex code, Golay code, CCPONS gain formula, every group of coding
There are N-1 " 1 ", it should be limit gain.And encoder matrix of the invention is easy to generate.
The principle of distributed fiber Rayleigh backscattered light monitoring deformation:
Laser pulse injects sensor fibre by three fiber port circulators, and the interaction of laser and optical fiber molecule produces
The raw Rayleigh scattering light with incident photon same frequency, Rayleigh scattering light are transmitted in a fiber in the presence of loss, with fiber lengths
Exponential decay returns to being indicated backwards to end benefit scattering light light intensity with following formula for optical fiber through optical fiber circulator and wavelength division multiplexer:
I in above formula0To be incident on the light intensity at optical fiber, L is sensor fibre length, IrayIt is back rayleigh scattering light in light
Light intensity at fine length L: α0For the fiber transmission attenuation of incident light wave strong point, ξ is the fibre scattering factor.Industrial personal computer is stored with
Initial stage lays the back scattering Rayleigh curve at scene:
It is obtained by formula (8) and (9):
Obtaining curve by formula (10) locally has apparent fluctuating, illustrates that sensor fibre is influenced seriously by extraneous stress, industrial personal computer
Warning note is issued, administrative staff go to handle to industrial personal computer prompt position；If curve does not rise and fall significantly locally, temperature can be carried out
Degree measurement.
Distributed fiber Raman scatters temperature sensor principle:
It is scattered when incident laser and optical fiber molecule generate nonlinear interaction, releases a phonon and be known as Stokes drawing
Graceful scattered photon absorbs a phonon and is known as anti-Stokes Raman scattered photon, and the Phonon frequency of optical fiber molecule is
13.2THz.Boltzmann (Boltzmann) law is obeyed in population heat distribution on optical fiber molecular entergy level, in optical fiber it is anti-this
Lentor Raman Back Scattering light intensity is
Its modulation by fiber optic temperature, temperature modulation function Rα(T):
H is Bo Langke (Planck) constant, and Δ v is the Phonon frequency of an optical fiber molecule, is 13.2THz, k is Boltzmann
Constant, T are Kai Erwen (Kelvin) absolute temperature.
The present invention has 10 meters of sensor fibres to be put into the demodulation structure in insulating box using initial end plate, and industrial personal computer is stored with this
Calorstat temperature T0Calibration curve:
When sensor fibre is small by extraneous stress variation (this is Great possibility), temperature on sensor fibre:
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(a) with three kinds of traditional Simplex, Golay code, CCPONS, which is encoded, to be compared, and encoder matrix is easy to produce, rank
Number is unrestricted；And it is higher than these three coding gains, reach the coding gain limit.
(b) the distributed fiber Raman temperature of Rayleigh scattering aid demodulation anti-Stokes light, monochromatic light peak value of pulse are used
Power reaches optical fiber stimulated anti-Stokes threshold value, and pulse peak is injected when than traditional Stokes optical modulator anti-Stokes light
It is high to be worth power, also than traditional Rayleigh optical modulator anti-Stokes light, equality of temperature flatness is good.
(c) sensor fibre selects multimode fibre, it can be achieved that 25km distance sensing, selects single mode optical fiber that can realize that 50km is sensed
Distance, spatial resolution reach 1m.Can be used for water, oil, gas pipeline within the scope of very-long-range, well, tunnel, large scale civil engineering monitoring and
Hazard forecasting monitoring.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing device schematic diagram of pulse code
Specific embodiment
Clear, complete description is carried out below with reference to technical solution of the attached drawing to various embodiments of the present invention, it is clear that is retouched
The embodiment stated is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention,
Those of ordinary skill in the art's obtained all other embodiment without making creative work belongs to this
Invent protected range.
Referring to Fig.1, the distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing method and device for a kind of pulse code that the present invention uses, should
Device includes semiconductor laser and drive module 19, the FPGA coding demodulator 12 containing SOA, fiber amplifier 13, fiber optic loop
Shape device 14, insulating box 15, optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer 16, sensor fibre 10, APD detector module 17, A/D module 18 and industrial personal computer
11.Industrial personal computer 11 is connect with coding demodulator 12 and A/D module 18, semiconductor laser and drive module 19 and coding demodulator
12 connections, coding demodulator 12 are connect with fiber amplifier 13, and fiber amplifier 13 is connect with 14 input terminal of optical fiber circulator, light
Fine 14 output end of circulator is connect with sensor fibre 10, and the initial end plate of sensor fibre 10 has 10 meters to be put into insulating box 15, optical fiber
14 return terminal of circulator is connect with optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer 16, and optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer 16 is connected with APD detector module 17,
APD detector module 17 is connected with A/D module 18.Industrial personal computer 11 generates 100 rank encoder matrixs when executing program initialization, leads
Diagonal entry is all " 0 ", remaining element is all " 1 ", successively issues the every row of encoder matrix into FPGA code modulation module 12,
By coded modulation SOA, DBF semiconductor laser and drive module 19 are generated into the light pulse of 10ns noenergy by " 0 ", " 1 " generates 5ns
There is the 10ns light pulse of energy and 5ns noenergy through fiber amplifier 13, injection 50km sensing after 14 input terminal of optical fiber circulator
Optical fiber 10 returns to 14 output end of backscattered light optical fiber circulator on sensor fibre 10 to return terminal and enters wavelength division multiplexer 16, divides
Two rood back scattering Reyleith scanttering lights and back scattering anti-Stokes light, then corresponding APD detector 17 is arrived, APD is followed by A/D module
18, A/D modules 18 are connected with PCIeX interface with industrial personal computer 11.Synchronous electric pulse is sent out through FPGA code modulation module 12 to open
Bis- road synchronous acquisition back scattering Rayleigh optical information of 100Mhz16bitsA/D and back scattering anti-Stokes optical information are stored in A/D
In buffer area, carry out digital averaging can be repeatedly triggered, triggers the periodSecondary/second completes acquisition, at most in one minute
Digital averaging number is 1200 times, is equivalent to monochromatic light pulse and completes 120000X99 digital averaging, if do not encoded in one minute
Most 120000 acquisitions of monochromatic light pulse correspondingly increase dynamic range so coding can improve signal-to-noise ratio.Here 100MHzA/D
Sample frequency is aligned with 10ns light pulse, when detector APD band is wider than 100MHz, can get sensor fibre spatial resolution
1m。
Above-mentioned industrial personal computer 11 is connected with coding demodulator 12 with USB or network interface.
AOM (acousto-optic modulator) replaces SOA in the above-mentioned FPGA coding demodulator 12 containing SOA.
Above-mentioned industrial personal computer 11 and the interface USB, PCI or network interface of A/D module 18 are connected.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein, which is to help reader, understands this hair
Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments and embodiments.This field
Those of ordinary skill disclosed the technical disclosures can make according to the present invention and various not depart from the other each of essence of the invention
The specific variations and combinations of kind, these variations and combinations are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing method of pulse code, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: industrial personal computer 11 generates N (such as N=100) rank matrix S=(a when executing program initializationij), as i=j, aij
=0, as i ≠ j, aij=1, the invertible matrix S of S is calculated by matrix inversion technique-1=(bij), as i=j,
As i ≠ j,(≤5ns has energy to element " 1 " representative injection sensor fibre 10, >=5ns noenergy in s-matrix
Laser pulse 10ns), element " 0 " represent the laser pulse of injection sensor fibre 10 (10ns) noenergy, by including SOA (half
Conductor image intensifer) FPGA code modulation module 12 modulate；
Step 2: it when industrial personal computer 11 executes program acquisition sensor fibre information, successively issues the every row of matrix S and is encoded to FPGA coding
In modulation module 12, by coded modulation SOA, continuous semiconductor laser and drive module 19 are generated into optical pulse code warp as required
Fiber amplifier 13 injects sensor fibre 10 after 14 input terminal of optical fiber circulator, returns to backscattered light optical fiber on sensor fibre 10
14 output end of circulator enters wavelength division multiplexer 16 to return terminal, is divided to two rood back scattering Reyleith scanttering lights and back scattering anti-Stokes
Light, then corresponding APD detector 17 is arrived, APD is followed by A/D module 18, and A/D module 18 is connected with PCIeX interface with industrial personal computer 11,
Synchronous electric pulse, which is sent out, through FPGA code modulation module 12 opens bis- road synchronous acquisition back scattering Reyleith scanttering light of 100Mhz16bitsA/D
Information and back scattering anti-Stokes optical information are stored in the buffer area A/D, can repeatedly trigger carry out digital averaging, trigger the periodC is light speed in a vacuum, and n is sensor fibre refractive index, and L is 10 length of sensor fibre；
Step 3: industrial personal computer 11 executes the back scattering Rayleigh optical information and back scattering anti-Stokes light that program obtains digital averaging
When information, S is utilized when calculating the Rayleigh optical information of backscattering-1Every on sensor fibre back scattering Rayleigh optical information is solved,
And the correlation of coding is used, the physics of every back scattering Reyleith scanttering light information acquisition sensor fibre on digital averaging sensor fibre
Structure carries out pattern-recognition with the sensor fibre physical structure for being stored in industrial personal computer, judges whether sensor fibre is answered by the external world
Power effect meets the temperature measurement of certain precision, will alarm Ru no and send someone to check route, and then carry out step 4 in this way；
Step 4: S is utilized-1Every on sensor fibre back scattering anti-Stokes optical information is solved, and uses the correlation of coding
Property, every back scattering anti-Stokes optical information on digital averaging sensor fibre, using industrial personal computer storage calibration curve and
Initial end plate has 10 meters of sensor fibres to be put into insulating box 15, demodulates every on sensor fibre temperature value.
2. a kind of distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing device of pulse code, including continuous semiconductor laser and drive module
19, contain the FPGA coding demodulator 12 of SOA (semiconductor optical amplifier), fiber amplifier 13, optical fiber circulator 14, optical fiber wavelength division
Multiplexer 16, insulating box 15, sensor fibre 10, APD detector module 17, A/D module 18 and industrial personal computer 11.
3. a kind of distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing device of pulse code according to claim 2, above-mentioned industrial personal computer
11 are connected with coding demodulator 12 with USB or network interface.
4. a kind of distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing device of pulse code according to claim 2, above-mentioned containing SOA's
AOM (acousto-optic modulator) replaces SOA in FPGA coding demodulator 12.
5. a kind of distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing device of pulse code according to claim 2, above-mentioned industrial personal computer
11 is connected with the interface USB, PCI, PCIeX or network interface of A/D module 18.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110044514A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-23 | 云南电网有限责任公司昭通供电局 | One kind being based on fiber segment sequential coding connector box temperature sensing system |
| CN110855371A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-28 | 武汉理工光科股份有限公司 | Method and system for improving optical fiber sensing detection spatial resolution |
| CN111043967A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-21 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Method and device for monitoring optical fiber length of distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system in real time |
| CN112461353A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-09 | 成都陆迪盛华科技有限公司 | Encoding device and method for distributed optical fiber vibration sensing under light amplification |
| CN112665753A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-16 | 成都陆迪盛华科技有限公司 | Encoding device and method for distributed optical fiber temperature sensing under optical amplification |
| CN116907677A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-10-20 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system for concrete structure and measuring method thereof |
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