Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a method for domesticating and advancing the fry of sepia esculenta, which utilizes the ecological complementarity of the sepia esculenta and palaemon carinicauda and young black shrimp to domesticate and cultivate the parent and the young black shrimp, and the hatching pond can meet the requirements of fertilized egg hatching on water quality and has simple operation.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by the following technical means. The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting and transforming a domesticating pond; the domestication pond is selected and transformed into a common soil pond with the area of 100-200 m2And (3) setting up a double-layer heat-preservation and heat-insulation greenhouse above the soil pond with the water depth of 2-3 m, and laying a stainless steel heating pipeline and a micropore oxygenation pipeline at the bottom of the pond.
(2) Selecting and modifying an incubation pool; the hatching pond is selected and transformed into a shrimp and crab seedling raising workshop with the hatching pond idle in autumn and winter, and the area of the cement pond is 20-60 m2And paving a layer of fine sand with the thickness of 5-10 cm at the bottom of the pool, wherein the granularity of the fine sand is 0.1-1.0 mm.
(3) The exopalaemon carinicauda is automatically bred; stocking 2-3.5 g of exopalaemon carinicauda in a domesticating pond in 9-10 months, wherein the density of the exopalaemon carinicauda is 3-5 tails/m2The bait is self-bred to be used as parent domesticating bait for the sepia esculenta, and during the period, the exopalaemon carinicauda is fed with strengthening bait, and the bait comprises the following components:
15-30% of fish paste protein powder and 4-8% of mixed oil
10-20% of Russian white fish meal and 2-4% of enhanced fish oil
10-20% of fermented soybean meal and 2-4% of shrimp compound vitamin
5-10% of sleeve-fish powder and 2-4% of compound enzyme preparation
5-10% of selenium-enriched yeast and 0.5-1% of vitamin C polyphosphate
5-10% of wheat middling and 0.5-1% of vitamin E acetate
5-10% of fermented corn and 0.5-1% of antibacterial peptide
Soybean lecithin 4-8%, probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1-0.2%;
(4) selecting and stocking parents; collecting artificially cultured or wild sepia esculenta healthy parents in 10-11 months, putting the sepia esculenta healthy parents into a domestication pond for fattening, and using 2 multiplied by 10 before putting the sepia esculenta healthy parents into the domestication pond-5~5×10-5The povidone iodine is soaked for 5 to 10min, and the stocking density is 1 to 3 pieces/m2The water temperature is 14-20 ℃;
(5) collecting eggs; after the parents are domesticated for 90-120 days, suspending meshes in a domestication pool to collect eggs, and immersing the meshes full of eggs in 0.5 multiplied by 10-5~1×10-5Disinfecting the povidone iodine solution for 5-10 min, and then transferring the solution to a hatching pool for centralized hatching;
(6) temporary raising and centralized hatching of fertilized eggs; the temporary culture water temperature of the fertilized eggs is 17-20 ℃, and the number of the mesh pieces and eggs in the hatching pond reaches 100-200 eggs/m2Performing centralized incubation at the temperature of 24-27 ℃ for 15-20 days;
(7) The mysid is bred automatically; self-breeding mysid by using a domestication pond 3-5 days before emergence of seedlings, wherein the stocking density of the mysid is 100-200/m2Feeding mysid reinforced bait at the water temperature of 21-24 ℃ in the period, wherein the bait comprises the following components:
15-30% of cod fish meal and 3-6% of fermented vinasse
10-20% of domestic fish meal and 2-4% of enhanced fish oil
10-20% of fermented soybean meal and 2-4% of shrimp compound vitamin
10-20% of fermented wheat bran and 2-4% of complex enzyme preparation
5-10% of wheat middling and 1-2% of shrimp compound polymineral
5-10% of fermented corn and 0.5-1% of antibacterial peptide
Soybean lecithin 4-8%, probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1-0.2%;
(8) breeding young black; directly transferring the young black-bone to a domestication pond for cultivation after the young black-bone is hatched, completing the cultivation of the young black-bone after the cultivation water temperature is 21-24 ℃ and 30-40 days, and selling the young black-bone out of the pond.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the domestication pond is selected and transformed into a common soil pond with an area of 150m2And the water depth is 2.5m, a double-layer heat-preservation and heat-insulation greenhouse is built on the soil pond, and a stainless steel heating pipeline and a micropore oxygenation pipeline are laid at the bottom of the pond.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the hatching pond is selected and transformed into a shrimp and crab seedling raising workshop with the hatching pond idle in autumn and winter, and the area of the cement pond is 40m2And a layer of fine sand with the thickness of 8cm is paved at the bottom of the pool, and the granularity of the fine sand is 0.5 mm.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the exopalaemon carinicauda is bred by self in a domestication pond for 9-10 months, the weight of the exopalaemon carinicauda is 2.5-3.0 g, and the density is 4 tails/m2The sepia esculenta is self-bred to be used as parent domesticating bait, and during the period, the exopalaemon carinicauda is fed with intensified bait, and the bait is composed ofThe following:
fish paste protein powder 20.6%, mixed oil 6%
Russian white fish meal 15% and reinforced fish oil 3%
13 percent of fermented soybean meal and 3 percent of compound multivitamin for shrimps
8% of sleeve-fish powder and 3% of compound enzyme preparation
Selenium-enriched yeast 6% and vitamin C polyphosphate 0.7%
Wheat middling 8% and vitamin E acetate 0.8%
7 percent of fermented corn and 0.8 percent of antibacterial peptide
Soybean lecithin 5% and probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1%.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the parent selection and stocking are carried out in 10-11 months, artificially cultured or wild healthy sepia esculenta parents are collected and put into a domestication pond for fattening, and before the sepia esculenta parents are put into the domestication pond, 3 multiplied by 10 is used for fattening-5Soaking in povidone iodine for 6min, and breeding at a density of 2/m2And the water temperature is 16 ℃.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the egg collecting is that after the parents are domesticated for 105d, net sheets are hung in a domestication pool to collect eggs, and the net sheets full of eggs are soaked in 0.8 multiplied by 10-5The povidone iodine solution is sterilized for 7min and then transferred to a hatching pool for centralized hatching.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the temporary culture and centralized incubation of the fertilized eggs are carried out at the temperature of 18 ℃ so that the temporary culture water temperature of the fertilized eggs is 18 ℃, and the number of the mesh pieces of eggs in the hatching pond reaches 150 grains/m2Performing centralized incubation at 25 deg.C for 18 days.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the young black-bone cultivation is that the young black-bone is directly transferred to a domestication pond for cultivation after being hatched, the temperature of cultivation water is 22 ℃, and the young black-bone is discharged from the pond for sale after 35 days.
The method of the invention utilizes the ecological complementarity of the sepia esculenta parents and the exopalaemon carinicauda, and the young black shrimps and the myxomythic shrimps to carry out the parent domestication and the young black shrimp cultivation, and the hatching pond can meet the requirements of fertilized egg hatching on water quality. In the process of domesticating the parent of the sepia esculenta, the palaemon carincauda can be fed, the breeding and growth capacity of the palaemon carincauda is very strong, the palaemon esculenta can be continuously bred for one year, one life cycle can be completed in 2-3 months, and the requirement of the parent of the sepia esculenta on live baits is met; similarly, the mysid is very strong in breeding and growing capacity, can be continuously bred for one year, can complete a life cycle within 1-2 months, and meets the requirements of young black-fishes on live baits, so that the aims of high yield, high efficiency and environmental protection are fulfilled, and the requirements of the conventional method for domesticating and early-stage emergence of sepia esculenta parents are met.
(1) The palaemon carinicauda is favorite bait for the golden cuttlefish, has very strong reproduction and growth capacity, provides sufficient nutrition for the parent of the golden cuttlefish through bait reinforcement, is beneficial to the recovery of the physical strength of the cuttlefish, enhances the cold resistance and disease resistance, solves the problems of insufficient or excessive bait for the golden cuttlefish in the domestication process, ink jetting and fattening water quality deterioration of the golden cuttlefish and the like caused by insufficient or excessive bait, and is beneficial to overwintering and oviposition of the parent.
(2) Through the transformation of the domestication pond, the water depth is deepened, and a double-layer heat-preservation and heat-insulation greenhouse is built, so that the water temperature of the domestication pond is ensured, and the domestication of parents, the self-propagation of palaemon carinicauda and mysis laturensis, the cultivation of young black shrimps and the like are facilitated.
(3) The mysid is favorite bait of the young wu, has very strong reproduction and growth capacity, provides sufficient nutrition for the young wu through bait reinforcement, and is beneficial to the growth and survival of the young wu.
(4) The sepiella esculenta has the sand-hiding habit, and a layer of fine sand is paved at the bottom of the hatching pool, so that the water quality is favorably purified, a quiet inhabitation environment and a hidden space are provided for the young squid which is hatched for the first time, and the disease resistance of the young squid is improved.
(5) By cultivating and strengthening the live baits of the palaemon carinicauda and the mysid, the freshness of the baits of the parents and the larvae is ensured, the water quality is not polluted, the baits can be freely ingested, the rest baits can be automatically propagated, the stability and the sustainability of the baits are ensured, and the influence of the weather and the like on the bait supply is avoided.
(6) By cultivating the mysid and the young black shrimps, the secondary utilization of the parent domestication pond is realized, and meanwhile, the hatching pond can be vacated for breeding the shrimp and crab spring seedlings, so that a new growth point is provided for enterprises.
(7) The intensified mysid feeding technology better solves the problems of blackening and smelling of sand layers at the bottom of the hatching pond, worsening of culture water quality and the like.
(8) The indoor overwintering of the sepia esculenta is carried out by utilizing the idle shrimp and crab seedling raising workshop in autumn and winter, the seedling emergence is realized in advance in the next year, and the idle shrimp and crab seedling raising workshop can be fully utilized.
(9) The water temperature range of 14-20 ℃ is very suitable for overwintering and ingestion of the sepia esculenta, the sepia esculenta hardly ingests food below 14 ℃, and the sepia esculenta easily dies when the temperature is above 20 ℃.
(10) Through each disinfection link, the environment for parent domestication, fertilized egg incubation and larva cultivation is excellent.
Detailed Description
The following further describes particular embodiments of the present invention to facilitate further understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and does not constitute a limitation to the right thereof.
Embodiment 1, a method for domesticating and advancing the emergence of sepia esculenta parents, comprising the steps of: (1) selecting and transforming a domesticating pond; the domestication pond is selected and transformed into a common soil pond with the area of 100 m2And when the water depth is 2m, a double-layer heat-preservation and heat-insulation greenhouse is built on the soil pond, and a stainless steel heating pipeline and a micropore oxygenation pipeline are laid at the bottom of the pond.
(2) Selecting and modifying an incubation pool; the hatching pond is selected and transformed into a shrimp and crab seedling raising workshop with the hatching pond idle in autumn and winter, and the area of the cement pond is 20m2And a layer of fine sand with the thickness of 5 cm is paved at the bottom of the pool, and the granularity of the fine sand is 0.1 mm.
(3) The exopalaemon carinicauda is automatically bred; stocking 2 g of exopalaemon carinicauda in a domestication pond in 9-10 months, wherein the density of the exopalaemon carinicauda is 3 tails/m2The bait is self-bred to be used as parent domesticating bait for the sepia esculenta, and during the period, the exopalaemon carinicauda is fed with strengthening bait, and the bait comprises the following components:
fish paste protein powder 17.8% and mixed oil 4%
Russian white fish meal 10% and reinforced fish oil 2%
20 percent of fermented soybean meal and 2 percent of shrimp compound multivitamin
Squid meal 7% and compound enzyme preparation 4%
Selenium-enriched yeast 8% and vitamin C polyphosphate 0.5%
Wheat middling 5% vitamin E acetate 0.5%
Fermented corn 10% and antibacterial peptide 1%
Soybean lecithin 8% and probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.2%;
(4) selecting and stocking parents; collecting artificially cultured or wild sepia esculenta healthy parents in 10-11 months, putting the sepia esculenta healthy parents into a domestication pond for fattening, and using 2 multiplied by 10 before putting the sepia esculenta healthy parents into the domestication pond-5Soaking povidone iodine for 5 min, and breeding at a density of 1/m2The water temperature is 14 ℃;
(5) collecting eggs; after 90 days domestication, the parents are hung in a domestication pool to collect the eggs, and the net sheets full of eggs are soaked in 0.5 multiplied by 10-5Sterilizing the povidone iodine solution for 5 min, and then transferring the solution to a hatching pool for centralized hatching;
(6) temporary raising and centralized hatching of fertilized eggs; the temporary culture water temperature of the fertilized eggs is 17 ℃, and the number of the mesh pieces and the eggs in the hatching pond reaches 100 grains/m2Performing centralized incubation, wherein the temperature of centralized incubation water is 24 ℃, and seedlings emerge in 15 days;
(7) the mysid is bred automatically; self-breeding mysid by using a domestication pond 3 days before emergence of seedlings, wherein the stocking density of the mysid is 100/m2Feeding mysid reinforced bait at the water temperature of 21 ℃ in the period, wherein the bait comprises the following components:
cod fish meal 24.4% fermented lees 3%
10% of domestic fish meal and 4% of enhanced fish oil
10% of fermented soybean meal and 4% of shrimp compound multivitamin
Fermented wheat bran 10% and complex enzyme preparation 4%
10 percent of wheat middling and 2 percent of shrimp compound polymineral
Fermented corn 10% and antibacterial peptide 0.5%
Soybean lecithin 8% and probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1%;
(8) breeding young black; directly transferring the young black-bone to a domestication pond for cultivation after the young black-bone is hatched, wherein the cultivation water temperature is 21 ℃, completing the cultivation of the young black-bone after 30 days, and selling the young black-bone out of the pond.
Example 2 a method experiment for domesticating and advancing the emergence of sepia esculenta parents:
experiment time address: and in 2017-2018, the seedlings are grown in large slab bridge soil ponds and indoor seedling growing workshops in cloud areas.
The experimental process comprises the following steps: stocking 2.5-3.5 g of exopalaemon carinicauda in a 9-15-month-old domesticating pond in 2017, wherein the density of the exopalaemon carinicauda is 4 tails/m2The bait is self-bred to be used as parent domesticating bait for the sepia esculenta, and during the period, the exopalaemon carinicauda is fed with strengthening bait, and the bait comprises the following components:
17.9 percent of fish paste protein powder and 5 percent of mixed oil
Russian white fish meal 15% and reinforced fish oil 3%
15 percent of fermented soybean meal and 3 percent of compound multivitamin for shrimps
8% of sleeve-fish powder and 3% of compound enzyme preparation
Selenium-enriched yeast 8% and vitamin C polyphosphate 0.5%
Wheat middling 10% and vitamin E acetate 1%
Fermented corn 5% and antibacterial peptide 0.5%
Soybean lecithin 5% and probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1%.
The main nutritional components (dry weight) of the bait of the invention are analyzed as follows:
crude protein/%)
|
Crude fat/%)
|
Carbohydrate/%
|
58.49
|
15.54
|
14.06 |
Collecting the healthy parents of offshore wild sepia esculenta in 10 months and 16 days-10 months and 21 days, putting the healthy parents into a domestication pond for fattening, and using 3 multiplied by 10 before putting the healthy parents into the pond-5Soaking in povidone iodine for 6min, and breeding at a density of 2/m2The total number of 300 parents and the water temperature is 14-20 ℃ (the related temperature generally refers to the water temperature measured at 10:00 in the morning). After the parents are domesticated for 106 days, namely 2 months and 2 days in 2018, hanging meshes to collect eggs in a domestication pool, and immersing the meshes full of eggs in 0.7 multiplied by 10-5The povidone iodine solution is sterilized for 8 min and then transferred to a hatching pool for centralized hatching. The water depth of a sand layer at the bottom of the hatching pond is maintained at 200 cm, a stainless steel heating pipeline and a micropore oxygenation pipeline are laid 5-10 cm above fine sand, the temporary culture water temperature of fertilized eggs is 17-20 ℃, and the number of net pieces and eggs in the hatching pond reaches 150-160 grains/m2Carrying out centralized hatching.
And 8 days 2 and 8 in 2018, the hatching pond starts to incubate intensively, the water temperature is 24-27 ℃, and seedlings emerge in 26 days 2 and 26 days after 18 days. Self-breeding mysid by using a domestication pond 4 days before emergence of seedlings, namely 22 days in 2 months, wherein the stocking density of mysid is 150-160/m2Feeding mysid reinforced bait at the water temperature of 21-24 ℃ in the period, wherein the bait comprises the following components:
cod fish meal 24.4% fermented lees 4%
Domestic fish meal 15% and reinforced fish oil 3%
15 percent of fermented soybean meal and 3 percent of compound multivitamin for shrimps
Fermented wheat bran 15% and complex enzyme preparation 3%
5 percent of wheat middling and 1 percent of shrimp compound polymineral
Fermented corn 5% and antibacterial peptide 0.5%
Soybean lecithin 6% and probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1%
The main nutritional components (dry weight) of the bait of the invention are analyzed as follows:
crude protein/%)
|
Crude fat/%)
|
Carbohydrate/%
|
38.42
|
11.15
|
31.13 |
Directly transferring the young black-bone to a domestication pond for cultivation after hatching, wherein the temperature of cultivation water is 21-24 ℃, and after 35 days, the young black-bone is discharged from a No. 2 pond for sale in 4 months.
Healthy offshore wild sepia esculenta parents are collected from 10 months, 16 days to 10 months, 21 days and put into a domestication pond to be fattened, the weight of each parent is 150-175 g, the number of the parents is 300, 46 parents die after being domesticated for 106 days, the survival rate of domestication of the parents is 84.67%, and the average weight (315 +/-37) g/parent is realized, so that successful spawning is realized. The area of the hatching pond is 210 m2About 3.2 ten thousand fertilized eggs are hatched, about 2.5 ten thousand young black-silks are hatched, and about 1.7 ten thousand young black-silks are bred in the domestication pond.
The experiment utilizes an idle shrimp soil pond greenhouse to perform overwintering of the sepiella esculenta and perform temporary fertilized egg culture and centralized hatching in an idle shrimp and crab seedling raising pond, and self-breeding palaemon carinicauda and mysid are adopted to perform parent and larva feeding, so that the problems of blackening and smelling of the soil pond, deterioration of culture water quality and source of sepiella esculenta seedlings in the sepiella esculenta culture process are solved, the bottleneck problem of limiting the source of sepiella esculenta pond culture seedlings is solved, the culture period of the sepiella esculenta pond is artificially prolonged for 3 months, and the method is suitable for being applied to large-scale culture of the parents and the larvae in the sepiella esculenta full-artificial seedling raising process.