CN109209332A - A kind of acid slippery water composite fracturing method of shale gas horizontal well - Google Patents
A kind of acid slippery water composite fracturing method of shale gas horizontal well Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of acid slippery water composite fracturing methods of shale gas horizontal well.It include: evaluating reservoir before (1) is pressed；(2) optimization of perforation；(3) acid slippery water injection；(4) addition of 70-140 mesh proppant；(5) injection of viscositys routine slippery water such as；(6) injection of high viscosity routine glue；(7) injection of 40-70 mesh and 30-50 mesh proppant.Method of the invention improves the complexity of deep layer normal pressure shale gas fracturing fracture and the filling rate of different scale Fracture System, and then improves effective transformation volume of deep layer normal pressure shale gas, improves volume increase and stable yields effect after pressure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil-gas mining fields, further say, are to be related to a kind of acid slippery water of shale gas horizontal well
Composite fracturing method.
Background technique
Currently, horizontal well stage fracturing technology has obtained successful practice on the Longma small stream shale gas stratum of marine facies high pressure
And achieve preferable effect.But with the propulsion of shale gas exploration and development process, shale gas is gradually to deep layer and normal pressure two
Direction strides forward.Currently, either the fracturing reform of deep layer shale gas or normal pressure shale gas, all no obtain have demonstration meaning
Breakthrough.Main reason is that crack complexity and effective transformation volume that deep layer shale gas and normal pressure shale gas pressure break are formed
It is insufficient.
In general, adaptation of the current shale gas horizontal well stage fracturing technology in deep layer shale gas and normal pressure shale gas
Property is poor, and main problem has:
(1) deep layer shale gas increases with buried depth, and horizontal stress difference increases, and rock plasticity feature becomes strong, induced stress effect
Therefore weaken, microfissure scale is smaller, and all to improving, volume is transformed in crack to these factors and crack complexity degree is unfavorable；
(2) normal pressure shale gas pressure coefficient reduction may be caused by original shale gas loss as a result, also resulting in inside
Microfissure and stratification/texture scale reduce.Therefore, effective support volume of fracturing reform is reduced；
(3) for current many deep layer shale gas, the feature of normal pressure shale gas is often gone back while having, therefore,
Above-mentioned 2 difficult points are combined together, and continue growing the difficulty of pressure break；
(4)+30/50 mesh of+40/70 mesh proppant of+100 mesh proppant of slippery water+glue that conventional pressure break mode uses
The injection mode of proppant has preferable applicability to the middle-shallow layer shale gas of high pressure, but is not necessarily suitble to deep layer and normal pressure page
Rock air pressure is split, under the premise of especially above-mentioned microfissure and horizontal bedding/texture scale are generally reduced, small particle proppant
Partial size selection and the design of corresponding additional amount may be improper, therefore, not only caused by result may be that 100 mesh proppants do not have
It effectively fills and supports in small scale crack, instead it is possible that being mingled in one with big partial size proppant in large scale crack
It rises, blocks large scale crack, cause the reduction of fracture condudtiviy.
Therefore, for deep layer normal pressure shale gas, need to research and propose a kind of new fracturing technique, to solve above-mentioned office
It is sex-limited.
Summary of the invention
To solve the problem in the prior art, it is multiple that the present invention provides a kind of acid slippery water of shale gas horizontal well
Combined pressure cracking method.By using the liquid system of acid slippery water+slippery water+activity glue, link up and the small scale fine fisssure of corrosion
Gap and stratification/texture seam etc., improve the complexity of fracturing fracture, increase effectively transformation volume, improve the water conservancy diversion of multiple dimensioned seam net
Ability realizes the volume increase and commercialization exploitation of deep layer normal pressure shale gas.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of acid slippery water composite fracturing methods of shale gas horizontal well.
Include:
(1) evaluating reservoir before pressing
(2) optimization of perforation
Deep layer shale gas pressure break takes multistage to lack shower hole；
Normal pressure shale gas pressure break takes the more shower holes of multistage；
The number of clusters of deep layer normal pressure shale gas perforation is between deep layer shale gas and normal pressure shale gas；
The circumferential perforation that perforating modes use water-jet to be formed；
(3) acid slippery water injection
The slippery water has highly acid, k value 2-3mPas, and low injection discharge capacity is injected, discharge capacity 3-5m3/
min；
Behind the 1/3 of acid slippery water total injection, the high viscosity acid gel of 1-2 times of straight hole volume is injected；Into
Half of straight hole volume of high viscosity acid gel in nearly well crack reinjects subsequent acid slippery water；
(4) addition of 70-140 mesh proppant
For the injection of the acid slippery water of matching step (3), 70-140 mesh proppant is added with slug formula in different phase；
(5) injection of viscositys routine slippery water such as
Using the conventional slippery water with the viscositys such as above-mentioned acid slippery water, dosage is a straight well cylinder plus horizontal wellbore
2-3 times of total measurement (volume)；
(6) injection of high viscosity routine glue
On the basis of step (5) conventional slippery water, conventional high viscosity glue system is injected；
Wherein, preferably:
In step (2),
Deep layer shale gas pressure break takes multistage to lack shower hole；Single hop perforation number of clusters is 3-5 cluster；
Normal pressure shale gas pressure break takes the more shower holes of multistage；Single hop perforation number of clusters is 2-3 cluster；
Between deep layer shale gas and normal pressure shale gas, single hop perforation number of clusters is situated between the number of clusters of deep layer normal pressure shale gas perforation
In 2-4 cluster.
In step (2), all inwardly holes perforation 3-6.
In step (3), the viscosity ratio of the high viscosity acid gel and acid slippery water is greater than 10.
In step (4), the small particle proppant of 70/140 mesh is mixed in the ratio of 5-15%.
In step (6), the viscosity of high viscosity glue system is 40-50mPas.
In step (7), if closure stress is more than 90MPa, 40/70 mesh proppant is only selected.
The present invention recommends the small particle proppant for mixing 70/140 mesh in the ratio of 5-15% in the early period of injection, meanwhile,
The viscosity of high viscosity routine glue can use most full-bodied 30-40%.
Detailed process and steps are as follows:
(1) with evaluating reservoir before the pressure served as theme of compressibility evaluation
Either deep layer shale gas or normal pressure shale gas or deep layer normal pressure shale gas, with geology dessert and engineering sweet tea
Compressibility evaluation based on point is all essential.Using conventional the methods of survey well logging and core test, carry out conventional
The evaluation such as lithology, physical property, rock mechanics, three-dimensional crustal stress and geochemical index.In addition, for deep layer shale gas, with burying
Deep increase, temperature and crustal stress increase, the enhancing of rock plasticity feature, it is necessary to which the rock core simulated under high temperature, condition of high voltage is surveyed
Examination research.
(2) optimization of perforation
Perforation number of clusters depends primarily on the degree of brittleness of rock, and brittleness is better, and perforation number of clusters is more, otherwise also few.Deep layer
Shale gas pressure break generally takes multistage to lack the mode of cluster；For normal pressure shale gas, the suitable more shower holes of multistage (foreign countries' normal pressure at present
The perforation number of clusters of shale gas is generally in 5-10 cluster)；For deep layer normal pressure shale gas, recommend the number of clusters of perforation between deep layer page
Between rock gas and normal pressure shale gas, therefore, single hop perforation number of clusters is advisable between 2-4 cluster.
As for perforating modes, the circumferential perforation for preferably using water-jet to be formed splits convenient for multi-openings eyelet same
Crack initiation and extension in stitching, and previous spiral perforating modes are also easy to produce multiple cracking in cluster, for deep layer shale gas especially not
It is suitble to.
Shot density considers the influence of casing strength by the requirement of circumferential cloth hole, the general week inside hole perforation 3-6, aperture
Conventional 8-12mm can be used.
For the induced stress effect for increasing multiple cracking concurrent fracturing, it is contemplated that the concatenated method of water-jet calculates series connection
The jet velocity of each nozzle afterwards, if the limited critical speed that jet perforating is not achieved of well head pressure requires (general requirement
In 131m/s or more), then the parameters such as nozzle quantity, the aperture in every shower hole should be adjusted, until respectively meeting jet velocity most
Until low requirement.
The simulation of well head pressure and discharge capacity, can be based on parameters such as the crustal stress and rock mechanics that step (1) obtains, and apply
Mature shale gas crack extended simulation software MEYER carries out simulation calculating.
(3) acid slippery water injection
Since the slippery water has highly acid, the conventional preflood low-kappa number measure of slippery water be can be omitted.In order to increase
The acid solution is added to enter the communication and penetration capacity in small scale crack, the acid slippery water of ad hoc meter low-viscosity, k value 2-
3mPas, while designing lower injection discharge capacity and being injected, discharge capacity can use 3-5m3/ min, so that acid slippery water has opportunity
It slowly penetrates and carries out sour rock corrosion reaction.If discharge capacity is excessively high, it may cause acid slippery water and be pushed into crack deep quickly, it is difficult
Effectively corrosion and to link up the microfissure of small scale in different major fracture penetration sites.
But it is to prevent the excessive corrosion of nearly well crack acid rock from rock matrix being caused to collapse, influences the flow conductivity in nearly well crack,
It is recommended that the high viscosity acid gel of about 1.5 times of straight hole volumes of injection (can land used behind the 1/3 of acid slippery water total injection
The viscosity ratio of face cross-linked acid, viscosity and acid slippery water is maintained at 10 times or more, to realize stronger viscid fingering effect).This
When, into about half straight hole volume of high viscosity acid gel in nearly well crack, subsequent reflooded low-viscosity acidity is smooth
The viscid fingering effect of water promotes most of low-viscosity acidity slippery water quickly to crack deep, thus remote well in corrosion
Rock constituents.For high viscosity acid frozen glue because of viscosity height, the acid-rock reaction speed of nearly pit shaft is slower, in addition the cooling of injection early period is made
With making nearly well crack area avoid the excessive corrosion reaction of sour rock.
The determination of later period discharge capacity and total liquid measure can be simulated with the MEYER software of above-mentioned maturation, be made with reaching expected
It stitches subject to length requirement.
(4) addition of 70-140 mesh proppant
For the injection of matching step (3) low-viscosity slippery water, 70-140 mesh proppant is added with slug formula in different phase,
Purpose is to fill the microcrack formed in slippery water injection process.
(5) injection of viscositys routine slippery water such as
Using the conventional slippery water with the viscositys such as above-mentioned acid slippery water, dosage is a straight well cylinder plus horizontal wellbore
2-3 times of total measurement (volume), waiting viscositys is mainly piston-like movement similar with the generation of acid slippery water, to generate the effect of similar insulating liquid
Fruit.
The slippery water also continues to extend what acid slippery water in (3) had been linked up already other than having the function of insulating liquid
Small scale microfissure, stratification seam/texture stitch system, are allowed to continue to extend, and fill conducive to the saturation of later period small particle proppant, from
And further increase effective crack transformation volume.
(6) injection of high viscosity routine glue
On the basis of step (5) insulating liquid, conventional high viscosity glue system can be injected, viscosity is up to 40-50mPa
S or so.For further expanding major fracture, and carries big partial size proppant and major fracture progress full charge is filled out.
(7) injection of 40-70 mesh and 30-50 mesh proppant
, can be based on 40/70 mesh proppant in view of deep-well formation closure pressure is relatively large, 30/50 mesh proppant is
The auxiliary construction operation for carrying out major fracture.If closure stress is more than 90MPa, it is proposed that only select 40/70 mesh proppant.Experimental result table
It is bright, after more than 90MPa clossing pressure, even the proppant of 70-140 mesh, flow conductivity and 30-50 mesh proppant phase
Than, only low 10-20%, and this is result under the premise of identical proppant lays concentration.In view of small particle proppant
What may be added is more, and laying concentration is bigger, is also easier to realize expected design effect, therefore, under actual conditions, in high closure pressure
Under the conditions of power, the fracture condudtiviy that small particle proppant finally obtains will be higher than big partial size proppant.And big partial size support
Agent is easy to happen early stage sand plug during the addition process, and the influence to flow conductivity is bigger.
In view of having been injected into a large amount of acid slippery water in step (3), microcrack and/or stratification seam, texture seam may
There is very big ratio to be linked up and extended, the present invention recommends small in 70/140 purpose of ratio mixing of 5-15% in the early period of injection
Partial size proppant, meanwhile, early period, the viscosity of glue can use most full-bodied 30-40%, so that different-grain diameter proppant is not to
With the filling in scale crack.
(8) other injecting programs and the row of returning seek stages of labor sequence, execute by normal flow.
The present invention has following technical characterstic and excellent results:
Thinking novelty of the present invention, method system, step are clear, practical, for the commercialization of deep layer normal pressure shale gas
Exploitation proposes a kind of acid slippery water composite fracturing new technology, improves the complexity of deep layer normal pressure shale gas fracturing fracture,
And the filling rate of different scale Fracture System, and then effective transformation volume of deep layer normal pressure shale gas is improved, improve pressure
Volume increase and stable yields effect afterwards.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
Certain deep layer shale gas prospect pit A well, which is typical deep layer normal pressure shale gas well:
(1) crucial Cook method
According to conventional logging, well logging and the methods of lead a well core experiment, to the lithology of target zone, physical property, rock mechanics,
The parameters such as three-dimensional crustal stress and geochemical index are evaluated.
(2) optimization of perforation
The well designs 19 sections of pressure break, and single hop perforation number of clusters is between 2-3 cluster.Perforating modes are formed using water-jet
Circumferential perforation, crack initiation and extension in the same crack convenient for multi-openings eyelet.The hole perforation circumferential direction density 4-6, aperture 10mm.
(3) acid slippery water injection
According to FRACTURING DESIGN, which uses viscosity for the smooth water pump note of the acidity of 3mPas, designs discharge capacity 3-5m3/ min,
After the 1/3 of acid smooth water inventory is pumped into, the high viscosity acid gel of 1.5 times of straight hole volumes of injection is isolated.
(4) addition of 70-140 mesh proppant
100 mesh powder pottery proppant is added in different phase with slug formula in the well, it is therefore an objective to fill in slippery water injection process
The microcrack of formation.
(5) injection of viscositys routine slippery water such as
Using the conventional slippery water of identical viscosity (3mPas), dosage is total appearance that a straight well cylinder adds horizontal wellbore
Long-pending 2.5 times, play insulating liquid.
(6) injection of high viscosity routine glue and 40/70 mesh proppant
On the basis of step (5) insulating liquid, conventional high viscosity (50mPas) glue system is injected.For further
Major fracture is extended, and carries big partial size proppant and major fracture progress full charge is filled out.
In high viscose liquid injection stage, 40/70 mesh proppant is added using slug form, and be wherein mixed into 10%
100 mesh proppants, proppant of the well whole process only with 100 mesh and 40,/70 two kinds of partial sizes of mesh.
(7) other injecting programs and the row of returning seek stages of labor sequence, execute by normal flow.
The well completes fracturing work using new acid slippery water Technology of Compound Fracturing, and smoothly, pump pressure controls always for construction
Within the scope of safe pressure, and add sand smooth, completes all-work design, 500,000,000 side of daily gas after the well pressure, compared with same district
Other 59% or more prospect pit output increaseds of block.
Embodiment 2
Certain deep layer normal pressure shale gas well B well:
(1) crucial Cook method
According to conventional logging, well logging and the methods of lead a well core experiment, to the lithology of target zone, physical property, rock mechanics,
The parameters such as three-dimensional crustal stress and geochemical index are evaluated.
(2) optimization of perforation
The well designs 22 sections of pressure break, and single hop perforation number of clusters is between 2-3 cluster.Using water-jet circumferential direction perforation, perforation
The hole circumferential density 4-6, aperture 10mm.
(3) acid slippery water injection
According to FRACTURING DESIGN, which uses viscosity for the smooth water pump note of the acidity of 3mPas, designs discharge capacity 3-5m3/ min,
After the 1/3 of acid smooth water inventory is pumped into, the high viscosity acid gel of 1.5 times of straight hole volumes of injection is isolated.
(4) addition of 70-140 mesh proppant
100 mesh powder pottery proppant is added in different phase with slug formula in the well, it is therefore an objective to fill in slippery water injection process
The microcrack of formation.
(5) injection of viscositys routine slippery water such as
Using the conventional slippery water of identical viscosity (3mPas), dosage is total appearance that a straight well cylinder adds horizontal wellbore
Long-pending 2 times, play insulating liquid.
(6) injection of high viscosity routine glue and 40/70 mesh proppant
On the basis of step (5) insulating liquid, conventional high viscosity (45mPas) glue system is injected.For further
Major fracture is extended, and carries big partial size proppant and major fracture progress full charge is filled out.
In high viscose liquid injection stage, 40/70 mesh proppant is added using slug form, and in hot pursuit in construction final stage
The big partial size proppant of 30/50 purpose, is used to support major fracture.
(7) other injecting programs and the row of returning seek stages of labor sequence, execute by normal flow.
The well completes fracturing work using new acid slippery water Technology of Compound Fracturing, and smoothly, pump pressure controls always for construction
Within the scope of safe pressure, and add sand smooth, completes all-work design, 750,000,000 side of daily gas after the well pressure, compared with same district
Other 32% or more prospect pit output increaseds of block.
Comparative example
Certain deep layer normal pressure shale gas well X well carries out pressing crack construction transformation using conventional slippery water+glue system, using 100
The proppant of mesh, 40/70 mesh and 30/50 mesh combines, and wherein glue, which carries when big partial size proppant enters crack, construction pressure occurs
The situation of power apparent increase.Daily gas 42000m3 after the well pressure, but production decline is quickly, and correctional effect is new significantly lower than implementing
The shale gas well of technological transformation.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of acid slippery water composite fracturing method of shale gas horizontal well, it is characterised in that the described method includes:
(1) evaluating reservoir before pressing
(2) optimization of perforation
Deep layer shale gas pressure break takes multistage to lack shower hole；
Normal pressure shale gas pressure break takes the more shower holes of multistage；
The number of clusters of deep layer normal pressure shale gas perforation is between deep layer shale gas and normal pressure shale gas；
The circumferential perforation that perforating modes use water-jet to be formed；
(3) acid slippery water injection
The slippery water has highly acid, k value 2-3mPas, and low injection discharge capacity is injected, discharge capacity 3-5m3/min；
Behind the 1/3 of acid slippery water total injection, the high viscosity acid gel of 1-2 times of straight hole volume is injected；Into nearly well
Half of straight hole volume of high viscosity acid gel in crack reinjects subsequent acid slippery water；
(4) addition of 70-140 mesh proppant
For the injection of the acid slippery water of matching step (3), 70-140 mesh proppant is added with slug formula in different phase；
(5) injection of viscositys routine slippery water such as
Using the conventional slippery water with the viscositys such as above-mentioned acid slippery water, dosage is total appearance that a straight well cylinder adds horizontal wellbore
Long-pending 2-3 times；
(6) injection of high viscosity routine glue
On the basis of step (5) conventional slippery water, conventional high viscosity glue system is injected；
(7) injection of 40-70 mesh and 30-50 mesh proppant
Deep-well formation closure pressure is relatively large, based on 40/70 mesh proppant, master is carried out supplemented by 30/50 mesh proppant and is split
The construction operation of seam.
2. the acid slippery water composite fracturing method of shale gas horizontal well as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step (2),
Deep layer shale gas pressure break takes multistage to lack shower hole；Single hop perforation number of clusters is 3-5 cluster.
3. the acid slippery water composite fracturing method of shale gas horizontal well as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Normal pressure shale gas pressure break takes the more shower holes of multistage；Single hop perforation number of clusters is 2-3 cluster.
4. the acid slippery water composite fracturing method of shale gas horizontal well as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The number of clusters of deep layer normal pressure shale gas perforation is between deep layer shale gas and normal pressure shale gas, and single hop perforation number of clusters is between 2-
4 clusters.
5. the acid slippery water composite fracturing method of shale gas horizontal well as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:
In step (2), all inwardly holes perforation 3-6.
6. the acid slippery water composite fracturing method of shale gas horizontal well as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step (3), the viscosity ratio of the high viscosity acid gel and acid slippery water is greater than 10.
7. the acid slippery water composite fracturing method of shale gas horizontal well as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step (4), the small particle proppant of 70/140 mesh is mixed in the ratio of 5-15%.
8. the acid slippery water composite fracturing method of shale gas horizontal well as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step (6), the viscosity of high viscosity glue system is 40-50mPas.
9. the acid slippery water composite fracturing method of shale gas horizontal well as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step (7), if closure stress is more than 90MPa, 40/70 mesh proppant is only selected.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111911128A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-11-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | High-tectonic stress normal-pressure shale gas-reservoir fracturing method |
| CN112177582A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-01-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Shale gas well staged multi-cluster fracturing method under casing tripping condition |
| CN112443306A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-03-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Pressure-control fracturing method for increasing fracture complexity of deep shale gas well |
| CN113445976A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-09-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fracturing method and application of high-plasticity stratum |
| CN115126461A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-09-30 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Composite fracturing method for continental shale oil reservoir |
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