CN109180690A - 一类用作蓝色荧光材料的氮杂芳香化合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一类用作蓝色荧光材料的氮杂芳香化合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109180690A CN109180690A CN201811194263.5A CN201811194263A CN109180690A CN 109180690 A CN109180690 A CN 109180690A CN 201811194263 A CN201811194263 A CN 201811194263A CN 109180690 A CN109180690 A CN 109180690A
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- alkyl
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- aromatic
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D487/14—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed systems contains four or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D487/16—Peri-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
- C07D513/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/027—Organoboranes and organoborohydrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
- C07F7/0814—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring is substituted at a C ring atom by Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6561—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/18—Carrier blocking layers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/40—Organosilicon compounds, e.g. TIPS pentacene
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Abstract
本发明涉及一类用作蓝色荧光材料的氮杂芳香化合物及其应用,其结构式如下:其中,X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7、X8各自独立的为N或CR1;本发明设计合成的这一系列的有机材料通过不同基团的修饰可达到吸收和发射光谱的不同程度的红移,且具有较大的Egap,使得其既可与各蓝色客体发光材料搭配构成OLED的发光层,也可以单独作为蓝光发光材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,尤其涉及一类用作荧光主体材料的氮杂芳香化合物及其应用。
背景技术
在有机电致发光器件(简称OLED)的研究中,蓝色发光材料是必需的,其本身可以作为发光层制备三基色之一的蓝光OLED,还可以将其他发光材料掺杂在蓝色发光材料中获得绿色和红色的发光器件。蓝色发光材料一般具有宽的能隙,且其电子亲合势(EA)和第一电离能(IP)要匹配。在无机EL中,蓝光材料比较难以获得,而邮寄燃料则可以通过结构修饰得到。
对于全彩OLED而言,蓝色电致发光器件的目标是效率要达到4-5cd.A-1,CIE色坐标x应在0.14-0.16之间,y应在0.11-0.15范围内。目前已知的许多材料在色纯度上可以满足此要求(色坐标为x=0.15;y=0.15),但其器件的寿命还有待提高。蓝色发光材料在分子设计上要求材料的化学结构具有一定程度的共轭结构,但分子的偶极不能太大,否则,发光光谱容易红移至绿光区。目前蓝色发光材料主要有只含碳和氢两种元素的芳香型蓝光材料、芳胺类蓝光材料、含氮杂环类蓝光材料、有机硅类蓝光材料等。
关于含杂环类蓝光材料,研究发现此系列化合物EL器件的电致发光光谱、启亮电压、外量子效率等性质都与取代基有关,特别是取代基为电子给体时,器件的外量子效率和功率效率较高;而取代基为电子受体时,器件的外量子效率和功率效率较低。当取代基为叔丁基和甲氧基时,EL器件的外量子效率接近3.0%。
发明内容
本发明针对深蓝色发光材料缺乏的现状,提供一类用作蓝色荧光材料的氮杂芳香化合物及其应用。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
一类用作蓝色荧光材料的氮杂芳香化合物,其结构式如下:
其中,X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7、X8各自独立的为N或CR1;
R1各自独立的选自氢、氘、卤素、C(C=O)RX、CN、Si(RX)3、P(=O)(RX)2、ORX、S(=O)RX、S(=O)2RX、羰基、N(RX)2、具有1~50个碳原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基、具有3~50个碳原子的环烷基、具有2~50个碳原子的烯基或炔基、具有6~50个芳族环原子的芳族环系、具有5~50个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系;其中R1中所述的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、芳族环系和杂芳族环系包含各自被一个或者多个RX基团取代后所得基团;并且R1中所述的烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基还包含一个或者多个CH2基团被-RXC=CRX-、-C≡C-、Si(RX)2、C=O、C=NRX、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)N RX-、P(=O)(RX)、-O-、-S-、SO、或者SO2代替后所得基团;
RX各自独立的选自H、D、F、CN、具有1~50个碳原子的烷基、具有6~50个芳族环原子的芳族环系或具有5~50个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系;并且RX中所述的烷基、芳族环系和杂芳族环系包含各自被F或CN取代所得的基团。
进一步,任意相邻的两个或多个R1连接形成环状基团,所述环状基团包含一个以上的杂原子,杂原子优选为B、N、S、O或Se。
进一步,所述氮杂芳香化合物的具体结构式如下:
本发明还提供一种上述氮杂芳香化合物的多聚体,由两个以上前述的氮杂芳香化合物聚合而成。
进一步,氮杂芳香化合物彼此之间通过共价键或-(Z)x-的桥基连接,所述Z为B、C、N、O、S、Se、Si、P、CR2、NR3、AR4R5、具有6~50个芳族环原子的芳族环系、具有5~50个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系、具有1~50个碳原子的直链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团;x≥1且为整数,x个Z相互独立;
所述A为C、Si或Ge;
所述R2、R3、R4、R5各自独立的选自氢、氘、卤素、C(C=O)RY、CN、Si(RY)3、P(=O)(RY)2、ORY、S(=O)RY、S(=O)2RY、羰基、N(RY)2、具有6~30个芳族环原子的芳族环系、具有5~30个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系、具有1~20个碳原子的直链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团中的任意一种;
RY各自独立的选自H、D、F、CN、具有1~20个碳原子的烷基、具有6~30个芳族环原子的芳族环系或具有5~30个芳族环原子的杂芳族体系;并且RY中所述的烷基、芳族环系和杂芳族环系包含各自被F或CN取代后所得的基团。
进一步,所述多聚体的具体结构如下:
在本发明上下文中的芳族环系为不包含任何杂原子作为芳族环原子的芳香族环。因此,在本发明上下文中的芳族环系应被理解为体系,不必仅含有芳基基团,而是其中多个芳基基团还可以通过单键或通过非芳香族单元(例如,一个或多个任意选自被取代的C、Si、N、O或S原子)键合。在这种情况下,以体系中非H原子的总数计,所述非芳族单元含有优选小于10%的非H原子。例如,和其中两个或两个以上的芳基基团例如通过直链或环状的烷基、烯基或炔基基团或通过甲硅烷基基团连接的体系一样,诸如,9,9′-螺二芴、9,9′-二芳基芴、三芳基胺、二芳基醚和茋的体系,取代或未取代的芳氨基、取代或未取代的芳硫基、取代或未取代的芳醚基、取代或未取代的二烷基芳基甲硅烷基、取代或未取代的三芳基甲硅烷基、取代或未取代的芴等等。同样被认为是在本发明上下文中的芳族环系。此外,由2个或2个以上的芳基基团通过单键彼此连接的体系也被认为是在本发明上下文中的芳族环系,例如,诸如联苯和三联苯的体系;
所述杂芳族环系为芳族环原子中至少一个是杂原子的芳香族环。杂原子优选的选自N、O和/或S。杂芳族环系符合上述芳族环系的定义,但至少一个杂原子作为芳族环原子之一。以这种方式,其不同于在本申请定义的意义上的芳族环系,根据该定义,芳族环系不能含有任何杂原子作为芳族环原子。
芳基基团为含有6~50个芳族环原子,且都不是杂原子。在本发明上下文中的芳基基团被理解为简单的芳族环,即苯或稠合芳族多环,例如萘、蒽或菲。在本申请上下文中的稠合芳族多环由彼此稠合的2个或2个以上简单芳族环组成。环之间稠合在这里被理解为所述环彼此共用至少一个边;
杂芳基基团为含有5~50个芳族环原子,其中至少一个是杂原子。杂芳基基团的杂原子优先选自N、O和S。在本发明上下文中的杂芳基基团被理解为是指简单的杂芳族环,例如吡啶、嘧啶或噻吩,或稠合杂芳族多环,例如喹啉或咔唑。在本申请上下文中的稠合杂芳族多环由彼此稠合的2个或2个以上简单的杂芳香族环组成。环之间稠合被理解为环彼此共用至少一个边。
具有6~40个芳族环原子的芳族环系或具有5~40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系特别被理解为是之衍生自以下的基团:上文在芳基基团下提及的基团,以及联苯、三联苯、四联苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、二氢芘、茚并芴、三聚芴、异三聚芴、螺三聚茚、螺异三聚茚、茚并咔唑,或这些基团的组合。
各自可被上述基团取代并且可经由任何希望的位置与芳族或杂芳族体系连接的芳基或杂芳基基团,特别被理解为是指衍生自如下物质的基团:苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、二氢芘、苝、三亚苯、荧蒽、苯丙蒽、苯并菲、并四苯、并五苯、苯并芘、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、米并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩噁嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、噁唑、苯并噁唑、萘并噁唑、蒽并噁唑、菲并噁唑、异噁唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、苯并哒嗪、喹喔啉、吡嗪、吩嗪、萘啶、氮杂咔唑、苯并咔啉、菲咯啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-噁二唑、1,2,4-噁二唑、1,2,5-噁二唑、1,3,4-噁二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,2,3-三嗪、四唑、1,2,4,5-四嗪、1,2,3,4-四嗪、1,2,3,5-四嗪、嘌呤、喋啶、吲嗪和苯并噻二唑。
在本发明的上下文中具有1~50个碳原子的直链烷基基团、具有3~50个碳原子的支链或环状的烷基基团和具有2~50个碳原子的烯基或炔基基团优选被理解为是指甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、仲戊基、环戊基、新戊基、正己基、环己基、新己基、正庚基、环庚基、正辛基、环辛基、2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、环戊烯基、己烯基、环己烯基、庚烯、环庚烯基、辛烯基、环辛烯基、乙炔基丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基或辛炔基基团,各个基团中单独的氢原子或者CH2基团也可被上述基团所取代。
本发明的上下文中具有1至50个碳原子的烷基或硫代烷基基团优选被理解为是指甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、仲戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、环己氧基、正庚氧基、环庚氧基、正辛氧基、环辛氧基、2-乙基己氧基、五氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、异丙硫基、正丁硫基、异丁硫基、叔丁硫基、仲丁硫基、正戊硫基、仲戊硫基、正己硫基、环己硫基、正庚硫基、环庚硫基、正辛硫基、环辛硫基、2-乙基己硫基、三氟甲硫、五氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、乙烯硫基、内烯硫基、丁烯硫基、戊烯硫基、环戊烯硫基、己烯硫基、环己烯硫基、庚烯硫基、环庚烯硫基、辛烯硫基、环辛烯硫基、乙炔硫基、丙炔硫基、丁炔硫基、戊炔硫基、己炔硫基、庚炔硫基或辛炔硫基,各个基团中单独的氢原子或者CH2基团也可被上述基团所取代。
在本申请的上下文中,2个或2个以上基团一起可形成环的措词应理解为特别是指两个基团通过化学键彼此连接。另外,上述措词也应理解为是指,如果两个基团之一是氢,则第二基团结合于氢原子所键合的位置,从而形成环。
本发明提供的氮杂芳香化合物及其多聚体的有益效果是:
1)本发明设计合成的这一系列的有机材料通过不同基团的修饰可达到吸收和发射光谱的不同程度的红移,且具有较大的Egap,使得其既可与各蓝色客体发光材料搭配构成OLED的发光层,也可以单独作为蓝光发光材料;
2)本发明提供的有机材料应用于有机电致发光器件中后发光效率高,器件性能得以提升。
本发明还要求保护一种有机电致发光器件,包括阳极、阴极和位于阳极、阴极之间的功能层,所述功能层中包含前述的氮杂芳香化合物或氮杂芳香化合物的多聚体。
进一步,所述功能层包括依次叠置于阳极上的空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和电子注入层。
进一步,所述功能层包括依次叠置于阳极上的空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层和电子注入层。
更进一步,氮杂芳香化合物或氮杂芳香化合物的多聚体作为发光层或空穴阻挡层的主体材料。
附图说明
图1为有机电致发光材料的OLED结构示意图;
图中,1、玻璃衬底;2、阳极层;3、空穴注入层;4、空穴传输层;5、发光层;6、电子传输层;7、电子注入层;8、阴极层;
图2为有机电致发光材料的OLED结构示意图;
图中,1-1、玻璃衬底;1-2、阳极层;1-3、空穴注入层;1-4、空穴传输层;1-5、电子阻挡层;1-6、发光层;1-7、空穴阻挡层;1-8、电子传输层;1-9、电子注入层;1-10、阴极层。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
一、化合物的合成实施例
实施例1
Ⅰ类化合物的合成,反应方程式如下:
(1)
(2)
(3)
具体制备方法如下:
(1)在三口瓶中,加入(104mmol)的KOH及100mL的DMSO,搅拌条件下加入(26mmol)的Re1,搅拌3小时,升温至65℃,将(40mmol)的TsOCH2CH2OTs每隔10分钟分10次加入,搅拌5小时;冷却,水解,乙醚萃取(3×150mL),依次用水、CuSO4溶液、水、NaCl溶液洗涤有机相,MgSO4干燥得红色油状产物,蒸馏(120-130℃/10-3Torr)脱溶剂得晶体INT1a,产率43%;
(2)室温、氩气保护下,依次加入INT1a(6.25mmol)、TMEDA(2mL)、(18mmol)0.9当量浓度的BuLi苯溶液和苯(60mL),反应24小时,剧烈搅拌下,加入100mL(12.5mmol)无水CuCl2及苯的悬浊液,反应5小时,水解,过滤,乙醚萃取,MgSO4干燥有机相,真空脱溶剂,过柱,Al2O3为固定相,己烷/乙醚(4:1)为流动相,提纯得无色晶体INT2a,产率34%;
(3)真空条件(10-2Torr)下,向厚壁耐热试管中加入(1.9mmol)的INT2a和Pd-C(10%),300℃下保温5小时,冷却产物,用苯(2×20mL)萃取,过柱,Al2O3为固定相,己烷/乙醚(4:1)为流动相,提纯得Ⅰ,产率67%。
实施例2
Ⅱ类化合物的合成,反应方程式如下:
(1)
(2)
(3)
具体制备方法如下:
(1)搅拌混合CuI(0.09mmol)、PPh3(0.34mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(0.08mmol),氮气净化30min,升温至50℃,依次加入Re2(1.1mmol)、卤化物芳烃(1.2mmol),溶于DIPA(2mL)的THF(15mL)溶液,70℃下回流2-4h,发生Sonogashira耦合反应;TLC显示反应结束后,蒸发脱溶剂,过柱(硅胶作为固定相,乙酸乙酯/己烷作为流动相)得INT1b;
(2)70℃、氮气保护下,向回流的甲醇(15mL)、INT1b(0.5mmol)溶液中逐滴加入H2NNH2.H2O(1mL),继续回流3h,加水并用乙酸乙酯(2×20mL)萃取,合并有机相,Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,过柱,硅胶作为固定相,乙酸乙酯/己烷作为流动相,得到INT2b;
(3)室温、氮气氛围下,向溶有INT2b(0.4mmol)的DMF(10mL)溶液中加入NaH(1.1当量),搅拌10-15min,TLC显示反应结束后,加水并用乙酸乙酯萃取(2×20mL),合并有机相,MgSO4干燥,浓缩,粗产物过柱,硅胶作为固定相,乙酸乙酯/己烷作为流动相,得到Ⅱ。
实施例3
Ⅲ类化合物的合成,反应方程式如下:
(1)
(2)
(3)
具体制备方法如下:
(1)向干燥的Schlenk瓶中加入化合物Re3(0.5mmol)及溶于2mL二甲苯的Cu(OAc)2(20mol%)溶液,密封并升温至140℃,反应12h,过柱,硅胶(200-300mesh)作为固定相,二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯(5:1)作为淋洗液,得中间产物INT1c;
(2)向DMF(280mL)中加入NaH(0.3mol),搅拌2h,搅拌条件下,向该溶液中缓慢加入INT1c,并缓慢加热至沸腾,回流48h,过滤,真空干燥,溶于100-150ml水,乙酸调节pH至5.5;用200mL的二氯甲烷萃取,干燥有机相,脱色,真空脱溶剂,少量乙醚溶解,过滤除去不溶物,用2.0当量浓度的盐酸提取,NaOH浓溶液中和,过滤得到INT2c晶体;浓二氯甲烷提取母液得另外部分的INT2c晶体;
(3)将INT2c晶体(0.02mol)溶于20mL、23%的HCl溶液中,回流10min,干燥得粗产物INT3c,溶于50mL水,浓氨水中和,冷却结晶,得INT3c,产率71.5%;剧烈搅拌条件下,将晶体INT3c(0.005mol)的三氟乙酸酐(20mL)悬浊液回流4h,蒸发脱溶剂,得到到中间产物INT3d;将化合物INT3d(0.005mol)真空条件下加热至180-200℃,15分钟后,冷却结晶得产物Ⅲ,产率78.5%。
参照实施例1-3给出的反应类型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ,合成化合物1-14,具体反应物和替代基团见表1所示。
表1
二、有机电致发光器件应用例
如图1所示,有机电致发光器件(OLED)的结构包括依次层叠结合的玻璃衬底1、阳极层2、空穴注入层3、空穴传输层4、发光层5、电子传输层6、电子注入层7和阴极层8。将本发明合成例1-11制得的氮杂芳香化合物应用在OLED的发光层中,见应用例1-11。
如图2所示,有机电致发光器件(OLED)的结构包括依次层叠结合的玻璃衬底1-1、阳极层1-2、空穴注入层1-3、空穴传输层1-4、电子阻挡层1-5、发光层1-6、空穴阻挡层1-7、电子传输层1-8、电子注入层1-9和阴极层1-10。将本发明合成例12-14制得的氮杂芳香化合物应用在OLED的空穴阻挡层中,见应用例12-14。
应用例1
在玻璃底衬1上沉积一层厚度为100nm的氧化铟锡(ITO)作为透明阳极层2;在透明阳极层2上真空蒸镀厚度为10nm的NPB(N,N’-二(1-萘基)-N,N’-二苯基-1,1’-联苯-4-4’-二胺)空穴传输材料作为空穴注入层3,其中掺杂质量比3%的F4-TCNQ(2,3,5,6-四氟-7,7',8,8'-四氰二甲基对苯醌);空穴注入层3上为一层厚度为100nm的spiro-TAD(2,2',7,7'-四(二苯基氨基)-9,9'-螺双芴)作为空穴传输层4;在空穴传输层4上真空蒸镀一层厚度为30nm化合物1作为发光层5,其中掺杂有4wt%的TPPDA(N1,N1,N6,N6-四苯基芘-1,6-二胺);再在发光层5上依次真空蒸镀一层厚度为30nm的TPQ(2,3,5,8-四苯基喹喔啉)作为电子传输层6、厚度为1nm的Liq作为电子注入层7,最后在电子注入层7上采用真空蒸镀膜沉积技术沉积厚度为100nm的金属铝(Al)作为器件的阴极层8。
应用例2
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度30nm的化合物2作为发光层5,其中掺杂有4wt%的TPPDA(N1,N1,N6,N6-四苯基芘-1,6-二胺)。
应用例3
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度30nm的化合物3作为发光层5,其中掺杂有4wt%的TPPDA(N1,N1,N6,N6-四苯基芘-1,6-二胺)。
应用例4
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度30nm的化合物4作为发光层5,其中掺杂有4wt%的TPPDA(N1,N1,N6,N6-四苯基芘-1,6-二胺)。
应用例5
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度30nm的化合物5作为发光层5,其中掺杂有4wt%的TPPDA(N1,N1,N6,N6-四苯基芘-1,6-二胺)。
应用例6
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度30nm的化合物6作为发光层5,其中掺杂有4wt%的TPPDA(N1,N1,N6,N6-四苯基芘-1,6-二胺)。
应用例7
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度30nm的化合物7作为发光层5,其中掺杂有4wt%的TPPDA(N1,N1,N6,N6-四苯基芘-1,6-二胺)。
应用例8
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度30nm的化合物8作为发光层5,其中掺杂有4wt%的TPPDA(N1,N1,N6,N6-四苯基芘-1,6-二胺)。
应用例9
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度30nm的化合物9作为发光层5,其中掺杂有4wt%的TPPDA(N1,N1,N6,N6-四苯基芘-1,6-二胺)。
应用例10
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度30nm的化合物10作为发光层5,其中掺杂有4wt%的TPPDA(N1,N1,N6,N6-四苯基芘-1,6-二胺)。
应用例11
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度30nm的化合物11作为发光层5,其中掺杂有4wt%的TPPDA(N1,N1,N6,N6-四苯基芘-1,6-二胺)。
应用例12
在玻璃底衬1-1上沉积一层厚度为50nm的氧化铟锡(ITO)作为透明阳极层1-2;在透明阳极层1-2上真空蒸镀厚度为10nm的HATCN作为空穴注入层1-3;空穴注入层1-3上为一层厚度为40nm的BPBPA作为空穴传输层1-4;在空穴传输层1-4上真空蒸镀一层厚度为10nm的PCZAC作为电子阻挡层1-5;在电子阻挡层上真空蒸镀一层厚度为30nm的mCBP作为发光层1-6,其中掺杂有5wt%的Ir(dbi)3;再在发光层1-6上依次真空蒸镀一层厚度为5nm的化合物12作为空穴阻挡层1-7、厚度为20nm的ZADN为电子传输层1-8、厚度为1.5nm的Liq作为电子注入层1-9,最后在电子注入层1-9上采用真空蒸镀膜沉积技术沉积厚度为200nm的金属铝(Al)作为器件的阴极层1-10。其中涉及的化学物质结构式如下:
应用例13
与应用例12相同,与应用例12不同之处在于:空穴阻挡层1-7为厚度5nm的化合物13。
应用例14
与应用例12相同,与应用例12不同之处在于:空穴阻挡层1-7为厚度5nm的化合物14。
对比例1
与应用例12相同,与应用例12不同之处在于:空穴阻挡层1-7为厚度5nm的mPyrPPB。
对比例2
与应用例12相同,与应用例12不同之处在于:空穴阻挡层1-7为厚度5nm的pPPyrPB。
涉及的化学物质结构式如下:
应用例1~11的有机发光器件的电致发光特性如表2所示。
表2
从表2中的数据可以看出,以本发明提供的材料作为发光层主体材料、TPPDA作为客体发光材料制作的器件,最大电流效率为4.3-5.1cd/A,器件发出的光为蓝色,表明本发明所提供的材料适合于做蓝光主体材料。
应用例12~14的有机发光器件的电致发光特性如表3所示。
表3
从表3中的数据可以看出,以本发明提供的材料作为空穴阻挡层材料,与对比例1、2的器件(mPyrPPB、pPPyrPB,其化学结构式如下所示)相比,具有相近的电致发光特性,器件发出的光为蓝色,表明本发明所提供的材料适合于做蓝光空穴阻挡层材料。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一类用作蓝色荧光材料的氮杂芳香化合物,其特征在于,其结构式如下:
其中,X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7、X8各自独立的为N或CR1;
R1各自独立的选自氢、氘、卤素、C(=O)RX、CN、Si(RX)3、P(=O)(RX)2、ORX、S(=O)RX、S(=O)2RX、羰基、N(RX)2、具有1~50个碳原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基、具有3~50个碳原子的环烷基、具有2~50个碳原子的烯基或炔基、具有6~50个芳族环原子的芳族环系、具有5~50个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系;其中R1中所述的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、芳族环系和杂芳族环系包含各自被一个或者多个RX基团取代后所得基团;并且R1中所述的烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基还包含一个或者多个CH2基团被-RXC=CRX-、-C≡C-、Si(RX)2、C=O、C=N RX、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)N RX-、P(=O)(RX)、-O-、-S-、SO、或者SO2代替后所得基团;
RX各自独立的选自H、D、F、CN、具有1~50个碳原子的烷基、具有6~50个芳族环原子的芳族环系或具有5~50个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系;并且RX中所述的烷基、芳族环系和杂芳族环系包含各自被F或CN取代所得的基团。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氮杂芳香化合物,其特征在于,任意相邻的两个或多个R1连接形成环状基团,所述环状基团包含一个以上的杂原子。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氮杂芳香化合物,其特征在于,其具体结构式如下:
4.一种氮杂芳香化合物的多聚体,其特征在于,由两个以上权利要求1~3中任一项所述的氮杂芳香化合物聚合而成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多聚体,其特征在于,氮杂芳香化合物彼此之间通过共价键或-(Z)x-的桥基连接,所述Z为B、C、N、O、S、Se、CR2、NR3、AR4R5、具有6~50个芳族环原子的芳族环系、具有5~50个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系或具有1~50个碳原子的直链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团;其中,x≥1且为整数,x个Z相互独立;
所述A为C、Si或Ge;
所述R2、R3、R4、R5各自独立的选自氢、氘、卤素、C(C=O)RY、CN、Si(RY)3、P(=O)(RY)2、ORY、S(=O)RY、S(=O)2RY、羰基、N(RY)2、具有6~30个芳族环原子的芳族环系、具有5~30个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系、具有1~20个碳原子的直链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团中的任意一种;
RY各自独立的选自H、D、F、CN、具有1~20个碳原子的烷基、具有6~30个芳族环原子的芳族环系或具有5~30个芳族环原子的杂芳族体系;并且RY中所述的烷基、芳族环系和杂芳族环系包含各自被F或CN取代后所得的基团。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的多聚体,其特征在于,具有P1~P15所示的分子结构:
7.一种有机电致发光器件,包括阳极、阴极和位于阳极、阴极之间的功能层,其特征在于,所述功能层中包含权利要求1~3任一项所述的氮杂芳香化合物或权利要求4~6中任一项所述的多聚体。
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