CN109156827A - 一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素制剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素制剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109156827A CN109156827A CN201811099855.9A CN201811099855A CN109156827A CN 109156827 A CN109156827 A CN 109156827A CN 201811099855 A CN201811099855 A CN 201811099855A CN 109156827 A CN109156827 A CN 109156827A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种高生物利用度红色系β‑胡萝卜素制剂的制备方法,首先将水溶性壁材、抗氧化剂和填充剂加热充分溶解形成水溶性胶体,再在低温条件下将β‑胡萝卜素通过剪切使其高效、快速、均匀的分散于水溶性胶体中,最后通过纳米研磨机进行研磨。该方法整个步骤未使用有机溶剂,工艺绿色环保,更有利于食品安全。同时,该方法无高温过程无溶剂残留,避免了β‑胡萝卜素顺反异构进行,大大提高其生物利用度和安全性。该方法通过纳米级砂磨机循环研磨β‑胡萝卜素悬浮液,最终形成粒径达100nm~300nm的纳米悬浮液,使β‑胡萝卜素以纳米级晶体的形态均匀分散于水溶性壁材中,稳定性和显色效果显著提高;产品色泽为鲜红色,为市场提供了一种安全稳定的红色素。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物化工技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素制剂的制备方法。
背景技术
类胡萝卜素是一类重要的天然色素的总称,普遍存在于动物、高等植物、真菌和藻类中。类胡萝卜素是含40个碳的类异戊烯聚合物。类胡萝卜素构成了从黄色到红色的一组颜色,除八氢番茄红素、六氢番茄红素等少数几种类胡萝卜素无色外,绝大多数类胡萝卜素呈黄色、橙色或红色,他们的颜色因共轭双键的数目不同而变化,共轭双键的数目越多,颜色越移向红色。迄今为止,被发现的天然类胡萝卜素已达700多种,根据化学结构的不同可以将其分为两类,一类是胡萝卜素(如β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素),另一类是叶黄素(如叶黄素、玉米黄质、虾青素)。其中β-胡萝卜素最具代表性,是人体重要且安全的维生素A源。一分子β-胡萝卜素理论上可以转化为两分子视黄醇(其余类胡萝卜素是1:1),但世界卫生组织早期的报告表明,在人体内六分子的β-胡萝卜素才能有效转化为一分子的视黄醇,甚至近年来有科学家将这一有效比例提高至12:1。这是由于β-胡萝卜素这类分子在人体内具有极低的生物可给率及生物转化率。同时,自然形态的β-胡萝卜素,大部分以结合态存在于水果和蔬菜中,导致其在摄入后的释放和利用率低。因此,若能开发出一款高生物利用度的β-胡萝卜素的制剂化产品,在降低使用剂量的同时提高生物利用率,可很好地解决以上问题。
β-胡萝卜素的异构现象最为人们所关注,因为顺式异构体的增加会明显降低β-胡萝卜素VA前体的活性和着色强度。由于影响物质吸收波长的最大因素是物质的共轭双键数目,共轭体系越长,颜色就越深。尽管顺式异构体的共轭双键数目与全反式相同,但是发生双键翻转之后会使最大吸收波长蓝移(<10nm),而且消光系数明显小于全反式,即会发生明显的减色效应。由于β-胡萝卜素的着色效力和生物利用率与其在介质中的粒径和分散性直接相关,因此β-胡萝卜素的制剂化过程本质上就是减小β-胡萝卜素粒径的处理。由于制剂化作用的差异,会使不同β-胡萝卜素产品的粒径大小及分布存在显著不同,从而导致颜色的差别。一般说来,着色强度随平均粒径的下降而增大。粒径减小将使定量物料总表面积增加,从而使其反射率增大,光散射也相应增大。在某种程度上降低活性物颗粒尺寸,甚至会影响其分散体系的色光。另一个重要因素是粒径分布。一般说来,粒径分布较宽,则着色强度下降,色调萎暗而且不鲜明。所以,对于不同粒径大小与分布的β-胡萝卜素分散体系来说,外观颜色必定是不同的。
现有技术中,油溶法等高温处理法制备β-胡萝卜素制剂时,顺反异构是在短时间内迅速完成的,并且生成的顺式异构体比例接近60%。溶剂法制备β-胡萝卜素制剂时,溶剂的选择、加热温度和加热时间成为直接影响β-胡萝卜素顺反异构体组成的主要因素。通过系统研究,我们发现β-胡萝卜素在某些溶剂(如氯仿)中发生顺反异构的速率特别快,而在同一溶剂中温度的升高和时间的延长都会促进顺反异构,其他的制剂化方法同样都不能避免β-胡萝卜素异构化反应的发生,相对而言,研磨法对β-胡萝卜素顺反异构体组成的改变最小。因此,现有的工艺路线使β-胡萝卜素顺反异构化不可控以及溶剂残留,大大降低了β-胡萝卜素的生物利用度和安全性;另外,β-胡萝卜素在最终产品中的存在为非定型状态,产品颜色呈现橙黄色,不能满足市场对稳定的天然红色素的需求。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素制剂的制备方法,该方法采用湿法研磨工艺,将β-胡萝卜素晶体直接分散于水溶性壁材中,β-胡萝卜素保持良好的晶型,β-胡萝卜素晶体研磨后其粒径达到纳米级,使最终产品呈现鲜艳的红色,丰富了产品种类,拓宽了β-胡萝卜素使用范围,整个制备过程未使用有机溶剂,工艺绿色环保,无溶剂残留,更有利于食品安全。同时,该方法无高温过程,避免β-胡萝卜素顺反异构进行,大大提高了其生物利用度和安全性。
为实现上述目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将水溶性壁材、抗氧化剂、填充剂加入纯净水中,升温至50~90℃至完全溶解形成水溶性胶体,然后降温至30~50℃待用;
(2)将全反式含量大于98%的β-胡萝卜素晶体缓慢加入步骤(1)的水溶性胶体中,通过剪切将β-胡萝卜素晶体均匀分散在水溶性胶体中,形成β-胡萝卜素悬浮液;
(3)将步骤(2)的β-胡萝卜素悬浮液通过纳米级砂磨机循环研磨,直至悬浮液粒径达到100nm~300nm形成纳米悬浮液;
(4)将步骤(3)的纳米悬浮液进行干燥造粒即得β-胡萝卜素微囊粉。
进一步地,按质量百分数计,所述β-胡萝卜素晶体占水溶性壁材质量的10~50%,所述β-胡萝卜素含量占总原料质量的0.1~20%。
进一步地,所述水溶性壁材选自变性淀粉、阿拉伯胶、明胶、蛋白中的至少一种。
更进一步地,所述蛋白选自水解大豆蛋白、乳清蛋白、水溶性小麦蛋白、花生蛋白、丝素蛋白中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述抗氧化剂选自维生素C、维生素C钠盐、异维生素C、异维生素C钠盐、混合生育酚、合成生育酚、BHT、乙氧喹啉、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述填充剂选自麦芽糊精、糖浆、低聚麦芽糖、单糖或双糖中的至少一种。
进一步地,步骤(2)中剪切速度为5000~25000rpm。
进一步地,步骤(3)中纳米级砂磨机研磨条件为:压力为0.8~1.6MPa、转速为1500~3500rpm、温度为30~50℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明提供的高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉的制备方法首先将水溶性壁材、抗氧化剂和填充剂加热充分溶解形成水溶性胶体,再在低温条件下将β-胡萝卜素通过管线剪切的方法使其高效、快速、均匀的分散于水溶性胶体中,然后通过纳米研磨机进行研磨,乳化效果好。在整个步骤中未使用有机溶剂,工艺绿色环保,无溶剂残留,更有利于食品安全。同时,由于该方法无高温过程无溶剂残留,避免β-胡萝卜素顺反异构进行,大大提高了其生物利用度和安全性。
(2)本发明高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉的制备方法通过纳米级砂磨机循环研磨β-胡萝卜素悬浮液,最终形成粒径达100nm~300nm的纳米悬浮液,使β-胡萝卜素以纳米级晶体的形态均匀分散于水溶性壁材中,稳定性和显色效果显著提高;同时通过该法制备的产品色泽不同于现有产品的橙黄色,而是鲜艳的红色,因此该产品兼具着色和营养强化功能,与现有产品配合使用能更好满足客户需求。
附图说明
图1为本发明高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉的制备方法的工艺流程图;
图2为本发明实施例1中检测制备的β-胡萝卜素微囊粉中反式β-胡萝卜素含量的HPLC色谱图。
具体实施方式
展示一下实例来具体说明本发明的某些实施例,且不应解释为限制本发明的范围。对本发明公开的内容可以同时从材料、方法和反应条件进行改进,所有这些改进,均应落入本发明的的精神和范围之内。
实施例1
取阿拉伯胶50g、维生素C 2g、麦芽糊精10g置于1000ml水中,升温至50~60℃,搅拌至物料完全溶解形成水溶性胶体;待物料完全溶解后,再将物料降温至30~32℃,放置待用。取β-胡萝卜素晶体(其全反式含量为98.1%)5g缓慢加入已制备好的水溶性胶体中,用管线剪切机在线混合、均质,控制剪切速度为5000~6000rpm范围内,得到粒径均一的β-胡萝卜素悬浮液。将β-胡萝卜素悬浮液通过纳米级砂磨机循环研磨,控制研磨条件为压力为0.8~1.0MPa、转速为1500~2000rpm、温度为30~35℃条件下工作,直至悬浮液粒径达到100nm~300nm形成纳米悬浮液。所得纳米悬浮液喷雾干燥造粒成β-胡萝卜素微囊粉,该微囊粉呈鲜艳的红色,经HPLC检测,β-胡萝卜素含量为7.46%,其中反式β-胡萝卜素含量大于93.9%(如图2所示)。
实施例2:
取改性淀粉50g、合成生育酚7g、糖浆35g置于1000ml水中,升温至65~75℃,搅拌至物料完全溶解形成水溶性胶体;待物料完全溶解后,再将物料降温至35~40℃,放置待用。取β-胡萝卜素晶体(其全反式含量为98.3%)17.5g缓慢加入已制备好的水溶性胶体中,用管线剪切机在线混合、均质,控制剪切速度为10000~12000rpm范围内,得到粒径均一的β-胡萝卜素悬浮液。将β-胡萝卜素悬浮液通过纳米级砂磨机循环研磨,控制研磨条件为压力为1.0~1.2MPa、转速为2000~2500rpm、温度为35~40℃条件下工作,直至悬浮液粒径达到100nm~300nm形成纳米悬浮液。所得纳米悬浮液喷雾干燥造粒成β-胡萝卜素微囊粉,该微囊粉呈鲜艳的红色,经HPLC检测,β-胡萝卜素含量为17.52%,其中反式β-胡萝卜素含量大于91.3%。
实施例3:
取水解大豆蛋白50g、混合生育酚7g、低聚麦芽糖50g置于1000ml水中,升温至75~80℃,搅拌至物料完全溶解形成水溶性胶体;待物料完全溶解后,再将物料降温至40~45℃,放置待用。取β-胡萝卜素晶体(其全反式含量为98.6%)25.0g缓慢加入已制备好的水溶性胶体中,用管线剪切机在线混合、均质,控制剪切速度为20000~25000rpm范围内,得到粒径均一的β-胡萝卜素悬浮液。将β-胡萝卜素悬浮液通过纳米级砂磨机循环研磨,控制研磨条件为压力为1.2~1.5MPa、转速为2500~3000rpm、温度为40~45℃条件下工作,直至悬浮液粒径达到100nm~300nm形成纳米悬浮液。所得纳米悬浮液喷雾干燥造粒成β-胡萝卜素微囊粉,该微囊粉呈鲜艳的红色,经HPLC检测,β-胡萝卜素含量为18.37%,其中反式β-胡萝卜素含量大于90.2%。
实施例4:
取乳清蛋白50g、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯4g、双糖6g置于40ml水中,升温至80~90℃,搅拌至物料完全溶解形成水溶性胶体;待物料完全溶解后,再将物料降温至45~50℃,放置待用。取β-胡萝卜素晶体(其全反式含量为98.6%)25.0g缓慢加入已制备好的水溶性胶体中,用管线剪切机在线混合、均质,控制剪切速度为20000~25000rpm范围内,得到粒径均一的β-胡萝卜素悬浮液。将β-胡萝卜素悬浮液通过纳米级砂磨机循环研磨,控制研磨条件为压力为1.5~1.6MPa、转速为3000~3500rpm、温度为45~50℃条件下工作,直至悬浮液粒径达到100nm~300nm形成纳米悬浮液。所得纳米悬浮液喷雾干燥造粒成β-胡萝卜素微囊粉,该微囊粉呈鲜艳的红色,经HPLC检测,β-胡萝卜素含量为29.41%,其中反式β-胡萝卜素含量大于90..9%。
实施例5:
将实施例1-4的方法制备的高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉,进行加速试验,检测其稳定性。参照《中国药典》2005版,附录XIXC原料药与药物制剂稳定性试验指导原则。具体方法为:将β-胡萝卜素微囊粉开口置于适宜的洁净容器中,60℃下放置15天,于每天取样,按稳定性重点考察项目β-胡萝卜素微囊粉含量进行检测,结果见表1。
表1高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉稳定性结果
由表1可知,用本发明的方法制得的高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉在60℃、开口容器中放置16天,在整个放置时间中,β-胡萝卜素含量基本没有变化,16天后也很好的保持原有(0天)含量,说明本发明的方法微囊化的β-胡萝卜素稳定性极好。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将水溶性壁材、抗氧化剂、填充剂加入纯净水中,升温至50~90℃至完全溶解形成水溶性胶体,然后降温至30~50℃待用;
(2)将全反式含量大于98%的β-胡萝卜素晶体缓慢加入步骤(1)的水溶性胶体中,通过剪切将β-胡萝卜素晶体均匀分散在水溶性胶体中,形成β-胡萝卜素悬浮液;
(3)将步骤(2)的β-胡萝卜素悬浮液通过纳米级砂磨机循环研磨,直至悬浮液粒径达到100nm~300nm形成纳米悬浮液;
(4)将步骤(3)的纳米悬浮液进行干燥造粒即得β-胡萝卜素微囊粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉的制备方法,其特征在于,按质量百分数计,所述β-胡萝卜素晶体占水溶性壁材质量的10~50%,所述β-胡萝卜素含量占总原料质量的0.1~20%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水溶性壁材选自变性淀粉、阿拉伯胶、明胶、蛋白中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述蛋白选自水解大豆蛋白、乳清蛋白、水溶性小麦蛋白、花生蛋白、丝素蛋白中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述抗氧化剂选自维生素C、维生素C钠盐、异维生素C、异维生素C钠盐、混合生育酚、合成生育酚、BHT、乙氧喹啉、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述填充剂选自麦芽糊精、糖浆、低聚麦芽糖、单糖或双糖中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中剪切速度为5000~25000rpm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高生物利用度红色系β-胡萝卜素微囊粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中纳米级砂磨机研磨条件为:压力为0.8~1.6MPa、转速为1500~3500rpm、温度为30~50℃。
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