CN109154421A - 用于向消耗气体的构件供给可燃气体并用于液化所述可燃气体的装置 - Google Patents
用于向消耗气体的构件供给可燃气体并用于液化所述可燃气体的装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109154421A CN109154421A CN201780019561.8A CN201780019561A CN109154421A CN 109154421 A CN109154421 A CN 109154421A CN 201780019561 A CN201780019561 A CN 201780019561A CN 109154421 A CN109154421 A CN 109154421A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- gas
- inner space
- evaporation
- sealing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylidene Natural products CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007849 functional defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013847 iso-butane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
- F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
- F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
- F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0258—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines vertical layout of the equipments within in the cold box
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/12—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically the surrounding tube being closed at one end, e.g. return type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
- F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
- F28D7/1669—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube
- F28D7/1676—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
- F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
- F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
- F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
- F17C2205/0367—Arrangements in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
- F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
- F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
- F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0121—Propulsion of the fluid by gravity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0157—Compressors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
- F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
- F17C2227/044—Methods for emptying or filling by purging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/03—Control means
- F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0626—Pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/05—Improving chemical properties
- F17C2260/056—Improving fluid characteristics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
- F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
- F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
- F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
- F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/07—Generating electrical power as side effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
- F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种装置(1),装置包括一密封隔热罐(2),其用于填充气液平衡状态下的可燃气体;一热交换器(10),其布置在比所述罐高的位置处,该热交换器包括蒸发路径(15)和冷凝路径(12),蒸发路径和冷凝路径通过热交换壁彼此紧密分离;冷凝路径的入口,其连接到通向罐的上部(8)的蒸汽收集回路(13);冷凝路径(14)的出口,其连接到罐;蒸发路径(15)的入口,其通过液体入口回路(17)连接到罐以收集液相的可燃气体流,其中液体入口回路(17)包括通向罐的内部空间的下部(9)的吸入管。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及处理可燃气体(例如,液化天然气(GNL))的装置。
本发明尤其涉及一种一方面用于向气体消耗构件供给可燃气体,另一方面液化所述可燃气体的装置。
背景技术
在低温下将处于液态/蒸汽两相平衡状态下的液化天然气储存在密封隔热罐中。在液化天然气储罐的隔热屏障处发生热流,热流倾向于加热罐中的内容物,这通过液化天然气的蒸发来反映。来自自然蒸发的气体通常用于供给气体消耗构件以使其升级。因此,在甲烷油轮上,例如,蒸发的气体用于供给动力传动系以推进船舶或供给供应车载设备运行所需的电力的发动机。然而,尽管通过这种做法可以升级源自罐中的自然蒸发的气体,但是这并不能减少其量。
此外,当可燃气体由气体混合物形成时,源自自然蒸发的气相的组成不同于液相的组成,并且其趋向于随时间而变化。具体地,源自自然蒸发的气相天生就具有比液相更富含挥发性组分(例如,用于液化天然气的氮)的组成。现在,由于组成的这些变化,当自然蒸发占优势时,源自自然蒸发的气体的发热量与储存在罐中的液化气体的发热量一样随时间变化。现在,向消耗构件供给其可热容量经历显著变化的可燃气体易于导致气体不完全燃烧以及功能缺陷和气体消耗构件的可变产量。
美国专利US-A-2010/170297公开了一种用于再液化源自GNL罐中的自然蒸发的气体的装置。该装置包括位于GNL罐上方的热交换单元,以通过与诸如液氮的二次冷却剂液体进行热交换来冷凝源自自然蒸发的气体。设想用于生产、冷却和液化氮的装置是耗能的。
日本专利JP 0960799描述了一种GNL储存装置,其具有GNL蒸发回路和用于再冷凝源自自然蒸发的气体的回路。蒸发回路中的GNL的蒸发由加热器24提供的热量产生。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种用于向气体消耗构件供给可燃气体并用于再液化所述可燃气体的装置,其不具有现有技术中存在的至少一些缺点。本发明的某些方面是从使用可燃气体的液相作为热交换器中的冷却剂以冷却和冷凝来自自然蒸发的气体开始。
根据一个实施例,本发明提供了一种用于向气体消耗构件供给可燃气体并用于液化所述可燃气体的装置,该装置包括:
-一密封隔热罐,其包括一个内部空间,用于填充气液两相平衡状态的可燃气体;
-一热交换器,其位于比密封隔热罐更高的位置,该热交换器包括一蒸发路径和一冷凝路径,这两个路径通过热交换壁以密封方式彼此分开,允许热量在包含在冷凝路径中的流体和包含在蒸发路径中的流体之间传递,蒸发路径和冷凝路径各自包括入口和出口,
-通过蒸汽收集回路将冷凝路径的入口连接到密封隔热罐,所述蒸汽收集回路包括在罐的内部空间的上部出现的吸入管,以抽出罐的内部空间中的第一气相可燃气体流;冷凝路径的入口高于冷凝路径的出口,
-将冷凝路径的出口连接到罐的内部空间,以通过重力转移罐的内部空间中的第一可燃气体流的液体馏分,通过冷凝路径中的冷凝获得第一可燃气体流的液体馏分,
-通过液体入口回路将蒸发路径的入口连接到密封隔热罐,液体入口回路包括在罐的内部空间的下部出现的吸入管,以抽出罐的内部空间中的第二液相可燃气体流和循环泵以将第二液相可燃气体流传送到蒸发路径中,
-将蒸发路径的出口连接到气体消耗构件,以将第二可燃气体流的蒸气馏分传送到气体消耗构件,通过蒸发路径中的蒸发获得第二可燃气体流的蒸气馏分。
根据实施例,这种装置可包括以下一个或多个特征。
根据一个实施例,蒸发路径的出口低于蒸发路径的入口。因此,冷凝路径中的第一可燃气体流和蒸发路径中的第二可燃气体流都执行下降运动,这更好地利用了重力以维持这两个流的循环。而且,这两个流的取向使得可以在用作冷却剂的可燃气体的液相和源自自然蒸发的气体之间进行并流热交换,以通过相变来促进等温热交换。优选地,在这种情况下,蒸发路径被配置为用于第二可燃气体流以下落的液膜的形式流动。
根据一个实施例,热交换器的蒸发路径包括位于蒸发路径底部的相分离罐,相分离罐包括底壁和从底壁向上延伸的侧壁,蒸发路径出口通过相分离罐的侧壁在底壁上方间隔开的位置处出现。借助于这种相分离罐,很容易通过重力从一直保持液体的馏分中分离出来自第二可燃气体流的蒸气馏分。
根据一个实施例,清洗回路通过相分离罐的底壁出现,以便能够通过重力从相分离罐排出液相。因此,在来自第二流的未蒸发馏分保留的情况下,例如由混合物中最不易挥发的化学物质(重质物质)组成,便于除去该液体馏分以避免饱和或阻塞蒸发路径。
根据一个实施例,热交换器的蒸发路径处于减压下,即位于低于密封隔热罐的气相中存在的压力的压力下。因此,通过向冷凝路径供应热量和在蒸发路径中减压的累积效应,可以进一步迫使可燃气体在蒸发路径中蒸发。此外,由于减压使两相平衡温度在蒸发路径中向下移动,因此可以增加从冷凝路径中的气相传递到位于蒸发路径中的气体的热流。
优选地,在这种情况下,蒸发路径中的绝对压力大于120毫巴绝对压力。事实上,蒸发路径内的压力优选大于对应于甲烷相图的三相点的压力,以避免天然气在蒸发路径内凝固。蒸发路径中的压力可以特别地在500毫巴绝对压力和980毫巴绝对压力之间。
根据相应的实施例,该装置还包括连接到蒸发路径的真空泵或减压泵,以将热交换器的蒸发路径置于低于密封隔热罐的汽相中存在的压力的压力下。
根据实施例,可以根据标称流量或标称压力来控制这种真空泵。这种标称流量或标称压力可以由气体消耗构件预先确定或产生。
根据相应的实施例,该装置可具有以下一个或多个特征。
该装置包括一流量测量传感器,用于发送表示蒸汽流的流量的信号,其中蒸汽流通过入口吸入并输送到气体消耗构件;以及一控制装置,用于根据表示蒸汽流的流量和由气体消耗构件产生的标称流量的信号控制真空泵。
-该装置包括一压力传感器,用于发送表示蒸发路径中存在的压力的信号;以及一控制装置,用于根据表示压力和标称压力的信号控制真空泵。
根据消耗构件的要求,蒸发路径的出口和气体消耗构件之间的连接可以是直接的或间接的。根据一个实施例,上述真空泵布置在蒸发路径的出口和气体消耗构件之间。根据另一个实施例,压缩机布置在蒸发路径的出口和气体消耗构件之间,以在高于罐中的存储压力的压力下提供气相气流。
根据一个实施例,热交换器包括限定包含冷凝路径的内部空间的密封隔热封套,封套布置在密封隔热罐上方并且包括一下部孔,下部孔与密封隔热罐的内部空间连通且构成冷凝路径的出口。
这种密封隔热封套可以以各种方式制成,例如作为罐的顶壁的必不可少的部分,或者以添加到罐的顶壁的组件的形式制成。
根据一个实施例,密封隔热罐的顶壁具有连接到封套的下部孔的孔,该封套还包括围绕封套的下部孔布置的固定夹,将固定夹附接到密封隔热罐的顶壁,围绕顶壁的封套。
优选地,在这种情况下,热交换器还包括一收集管,该收集管从封套的下部孔延伸到靠近封套的顶壁的位置,并且具有在罐的内部空间中出现的下端和在封套的内部空间中出现的上端,收集管在封套的内部空间内限定了形成蒸汽收集回路的收集管的内部空间和形成热交换器的冷凝路径的收集管的外部空间。
借助于这些特征,可以将热交换器和蒸汽收集回路制成相对略微庞大的一体化形式,其具有相对小的表面以与外部环境交换,这限制了易于增加自然蒸发的热流。
根据另一个实施例,该装置包括多个密封隔热罐,其包括用于填充气液两相平衡状态的可燃气体的内部空间,所述蒸汽收集回路是共用收集回路,其将冷凝路径的入口连接到每个所述罐,以收集每个罐中蒸发产生的气体。因此可以将热交换器共同用于一组罐。
根据相应的实施例,热交换器包括:
平行于收集管的多个管,其布置在收集管周围的收集管的外部空间中,平行管构成热交换器的所述热交换壁,
一入口分配器,其设置在封套的内部空间中,入口分配器延伸到收集管的周边并具有底壁,每个平行管的上端通过底壁出现,
一入口管,其构成蒸发路径的入口并延伸通过封套的外部和入口分配器之间的封套,出口外壳设置在收集管的外部空间中,围绕收集管低于入口室并具有顶壁,每个平行管的下端通过顶壁出现,以及
一出口管,构成蒸发路径的出口并延伸通过出口外壳和封套的外部之间的封套。
为了使热交换器的产量最大化,实际上希望使蒸发路径和冷凝路径之间的热接触在封套的最大可能高度上进行。有利地,入口分配器布置成高于收集管的上端。因此,平行管可以在与收集管几乎相同的长度上延伸。
根据一个实施例,平行于收集管的管具有换热片,热交换片设置在平行于收集管的管的外表面上。
根据一个实施例,本发明还提供了一种用于向气体消耗构件供给可燃气体并通过上述装置液化所述可燃气体的方法,包括:
-将第一气相可燃气体流从密封隔热罐的内部空间的上部通过蒸汽收集回路引入冷凝路径的入口,
-借助于循环泵将第二液相可燃气体流从罐的内部空间的下部传送到蒸发路径的入口,
-在冷凝路径中的第一可燃气体流与蒸发路径中的第二可燃气体流之间进行热交换,以至少蒸发一部分第二可燃气体流,该第二可燃气体流最初在蒸发路径中处于液相,同时冷凝至少一部分第一可燃气体流,该第一可燃气体最初在冷凝路径中处于气相,
-通过重力将第一可燃气体流的液体馏分从冷凝路径的出口传送到罐的内部空间,以及
-将第二可燃气体流的蒸汽馏分从蒸发路径的出口传送到气体消耗构件。
通过冷凝路径的下降方向,由热交换冷却的第一可燃气体流可以通过自然对流(即通过重力)流到罐的内部空间,这促进了蒸汽收集回路中的吸力的产生,从而保持第一流而无需额外的机械功。
优选地,执行该过程以便蒸发蒸发路径中的所有或几乎所有第二可燃气体流。因此,通过强制蒸发从罐的下部抽出的液体流产生气相,最易挥发的化合物的含量基本上等于储存在罐中的气体的液相的含量。因此,汽化气流的最易挥发的化合物的浓度受到限制并且随时间基本恒定。
此外,通过这种装置,液化气体的蒸发可以在没有外部热源的辅助下进行,这与使用与海水、中间液体或来自机动化或特定的燃烧器的燃烧气体的热交换的强制蒸发装置相反。
存在于罐的内部空间的上部的气体因此用作待蒸发的流的热源。该装置还可以同时产生蒸汽流并冷却和冷凝来自罐的气体顶部空间中的自然蒸发的气相,从而限制自然蒸发。
根据一个实施例,本发明提供了一种包括上述装置的船。
根据一个实施例,本发明还提供了一种用于装载或清空这种船的方法,其中可燃气体通过隔热管道从浮动或陆基存储设施传送到船的密封隔热罐中,或从船的密封隔热罐传送到浮动或陆基存储设施。
根据一个实施例,本发明还提供了一种用于输送可燃气体的系统,该系统包括上述船,布置成将安装在船体中的罐连接到浮动或陆基存储设施的隔热管道,和用于使可燃气体通过隔热管道在浮式或陆基存储设施和船的密封隔热罐之间流动的泵。
附图说明
接下来通过参考附图对本发明的多个特定实施例进行描述,本发明将被更好地理解,并且其进一步的目的,细节,特征和优点将变得更加清楚,这些特定实施例仅仅为了说明而非限制。
-图1是用于向气体消耗构件供给可燃气体并用于液化所述可燃气体的装置的示意图。
-图2是可用于图1的装置的热交换器的透视图和纵向剖视图的半视图。
-图3是沿图2的线III-III的热交换器的横截面视图。
-图4是图2的热交换器的热交换管的放大图。
-图5是类似于图1的视图,示出了用于向气体消耗构件供给可燃气体并用于液化所述可燃气体的装置的另一实施例。
-图6是甲烷油轮罐的剖面示意图,其中该罐包括这种装置和用于装载/清空该罐的终端。
具体实施方式
在说明书和权利要求书中,术语“可燃气体”具有一般性质,并且不优选地指由单一纯物质构成的气体或由多种组分构成的气体混合物。
在图1中,示出了一方面用于向一个或多个气体消耗构件供给可燃气体并且另一方面液化可燃气体的装置1。这种装置1可以安装在陆地上或浮式结构上。在安装浮式结构的情况下,装置1可以用于液化或再气化驳船或用于液化天然气货船,例如甲烷油轮,或者更一般地可以用于任何装有气体消耗构件的船。
图1中所示的装置1包括蒸汽出口管线3,其可以直接或间接地供给各种类型的可燃气体消耗构件(未示出),即特别是燃烧器/发电机和/或用于推进船的发动机。
这种燃烧器集成在发电设备中。发电设备尤其可以包括蒸汽生产锅炉。蒸汽可以用于供给蒸汽涡轮机以产生能量和/或供给船舶的供热网管。
这种发电机包括例如柴油/天然气混合进料热力发动机,例如DFDE(双燃料柴油电动)技术。这种热力发动机可以燃烧柴油和天然气的混合物或使用这两种可燃物中的一种或另一种。供给这种热力发动机的天然气必须具有几巴到几十巴的压力,例如约6至8巴的绝对值。为此,可以在蒸汽出口管线3上设置一个或多个压缩机4。
这种用于推进船舶的发动机是例如由MAN公司开发的“ME-GI”技术的双燃料二冲程低速发动机。这种发动机使用天然气作为可燃物和少量引燃燃料,在注入天然气之前注入引燃燃料以使天然气点燃。为了供给这样的发动机,必须首先在150至400巴绝对值,更特别是250至300巴绝对值的高压下压缩天然气。为此,可以在蒸汽出口管线3上设置一个或多个压缩机4。
装置1包括密封隔热罐2。根据一个实施例,罐2是薄膜箱。举例来说,在专利申请WO140/57221、FR 2 691 520和FR 2 877 638中描述了这种薄膜罐。这种薄膜罐用于在基本上等于大气压或稍高的压力下储存可燃气体。根据其它替代实施例,罐2也可以是独立式罐,并且尤其可以具有平行六面体、棱柱形、球形、圆柱形或多叶形。某些类型的罐2允许在基本上高于大气压的压力下储存气体。
罐2包括用于填充可燃气体的内部空间7。可燃气体尤其可以是液化天然气(GNL),即主要包括甲烷以及一种或多种其它烃(诸如乙烷、丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、新戊烷)和小比例的氮气的气体混合物。可燃气体也可以是乙烷或液化石油气(GPL),即衍生自炼油厂的烃的混合物,基本上包括丙烷和丁烷。
可燃气体以气液两相平衡状态储存在罐2的内部空间7中。因此,气体以气相存在于罐2的上部8中,并且以液相存在于罐2的下部9中。由于每相的特定密度,自然获得该分层。液-气界面的定位自然取决于罐2的填充水平。对应于其液-气两相平衡状态的液化天然气的平衡温度在储存在大气压力下时约为-162℃。
在罐2的顶壁5上方示出了热交换器10,其使得可以组合使来自罐2的上部8中的自然蒸发的气相气体再液化,同时强制蒸发从罐2的下部9取出的液相气体。
为此,热交换器10具有气密封套11,其优选地是隔热的,以限制从环境入口的热量流,该热量流布置在罐2的顶壁5上方并且其内部空间12通过至少两个连接与罐2的上部8连通,所述两个连接为:
-一蒸汽收集回路13,其出现在内部空间12的顶部,以将可燃气体蒸汽带到内部空间12的顶部,
-冷凝水返回回路14,其出现在内部空间12的底部,以通过重力收集在内部空间12中冷凝的可燃气体并将其带回到罐2中。
在图1中,蒸汽收集回路13和冷凝水返回回路14穿过罐2的顶壁5,但是其它布置也是可能的,特别是有关冷凝水返回回路14的布置是可能的,例如通过穿过罐2的上部8中的侧壁6。
如在数字50处所概述的,蒸汽收集回路13可以包括连接到多个罐的若干分支,以用作将一组罐连接到热交换器10的冷凝路径的公共收集器。可以在每个分支上设置未示出的阀门以在每种情况下保留隔离各个罐的可能性。
可以以相同的方式将冷凝水返回回路14连接到多个罐。
为了从内部空间12中取热,热交换器10还具有蒸发回路15,该蒸发回路15布置在内部空间12中,这里以线圈的形式示出,但其形状可以在很大程度上变化。蒸发回路15从罐2的下部9经由循环泵16和入口管17供给液相可燃气体,所述入口管16连接以密封方式穿过外部封套11的蒸发回路15的入口。通过从位于内部空间12中的气相可燃气体吸收潜热,在蒸发回路15中循环的液相气体蒸发,由此形成的气相流到与蒸发回路15的出口相连的出口管线3处,蒸发回路15以密封方式穿过封套11。为此,蒸发回路15的出口优选地位于低于蒸发回路15的入口的位置。因此,在蒸发回路15中进行蒸发的气流和在内部空间12中进行冷凝的气流均作下降运动,其中一个在循环泵的作用下运动,另一个仅在重力的影响,气相和液相之间的密度差的影响下运动。
鉴于液相比气相密度大,通过冷凝消耗蒸汽在蒸汽收集回路13中产生永久的吸入作用,如箭头19所示。因此通常不需要在蒸汽收集回路13中设置循环泵。
为了进一步迫使在蒸发回路15中循环的液相可燃气体的蒸发,可以在减压下放置所述回路。为此,如图5所示,可以使用真空泵51,例如代替压缩机4。真空泵51必须是低温泵,即一种能够承受低于-150的低温的泵。真空泵还必须符合ATEX规定,即旨在避免任何爆炸风险。另外,将压力损失构件(例如膨胀阀45)放置在蒸发回路15的入口处,优选地位于封套11的内部。
图1以实线示出了蒸汽收集回路的另一种可能的布置,该布置具体为将收集管113同心地布置在冷凝水返回回路14中,从罐2的上部8直到内部空间的顶部。在这种情况下,气相气体的引入发生在收集管113内,而冷凝回水在冷凝水返回回路14中的收集管113周围的圆形空间中流动。至于其它部分,功能是相同的。
尽管图1示出了一种热交换器,其蒸发路径被包含并浸没在冷凝路径的流体中,但是也可以是反向配置,即冷凝路径被包含并浸没在蒸发路径的流体中。其它配置也是可能的,例如使用热交换器,其中两个路径具有基本相同的体积。
参考图2至图4,现在将描述热交换器的另一个实施例。与图1中的元素相似或相同的元素具有相同的附图标记,该附图标记增加了100。
在图2中,外部封套111大致呈圆柱形垂直轴瓶形状,其颈部向下翻转。更确切地说,限定内部空间112的主体的直径大于冷凝水返回管114的直径。
本文中,密封隔热壁由两个相互隔开的金属板的平行层形成,两平行层之间在真空条件下具有空间。可以使用其它形式的隔热。
冷凝水返回管114具有隔膜,以在外部封套111的温度变化期间,尤其是在其投入使用期间吸收热收缩。冷凝水返回管114通过固定夹21终止于其下端,用于紧固到罐2的顶壁。
从冷凝水返回管114的末端开始将收集管213同心地布置在冷凝水返回管114中,并且在其高度的大部分上穿入内部空间112。收集管213的上端是敞开的并且出现在内部空间112的上部。为了确保收集管213在该位置的机械强度,可以设置紧固构件以将收集管213连接到外部封套111。例如,紧固凸耳22在本文中设置在收集管213的上端处并且附接到蒸发回路115,蒸发回路115自身附接到外部封套111。
现在将更详细地描述蒸发回路115,其主要包括:
-一呈圆形或复曲面形状的入口分配器23,其设置在内部空间112的顶部;
-同样呈圆形或复曲面形状的出口外壳24,其设置在围绕收集管213的内部空间112的底部;以及
-大量叶片管25,在入口分配器23和出口外壳24之间平行于收集管213,优选垂直地延伸。
每个叶片管25具有一上端27和一下端28,其中上端27通过其底壁在入口分配器23的圆形腔室26中出现,而下端28通过其盖壁在出口外壳24的圆形腔室29中出现。上端27和下端28构成热交换器110的热交换壁,它们一起允许在叶片管25中向下流动的液相的蒸发和在内部空间112中向下流动的气相的冷凝。
如图3中部分所示,叶片管25围绕收集管213分布在整个内部空间112中,以最大化两个流之间的交换面积并使热传递均匀化。
图4示出了叶片管25的两个实施例。在右侧视图中,管体30被叶片31包围,叶片31呈盘片的形式,横向于管体30延伸并且在管体30的整个长度上相互间隔地分布。
在左视图中,管体30被叶片32包围,叶片32呈矩形或多边形叶片的形式,在管体30的整个长度上平行于管体30延伸并且在管体30周围相互间隔地分布。
在一个未示出的变型中,叶片被消除,这使得可以减小每个管的横向体积并因此增加管的数量,同时还可以获得高的交换面积。
入口分配器23的圆形腔室26在本文具有方形横截面并且沿着叶片管25的线延伸,从而在收集管213的周边处延伸。此外,在入口分配器213的中心处布置有锥形壁,其顶部朝向收集管213的上端,以封闭入口分配器23的中心,从而通过离开收集管迫使气相横向流向叶片管25的顶部。
入口管117从圆形腔室26横向延伸到外部封套111的外部。在通过外部封套111的通道处围绕入口管117设置密封焊接件或密封件(未示出),以保持其密封性。出口管117通过任何合适的管连接到循环泵16,出口管117优选地配备有隔热材料。
出口外壳24呈中空复曲面形状,其围绕收集管213并且与收集管213隔开一定距离。
其底壁33是凹形的,以形成相分离罐,用于通过重力收集从入口管117注入的液相气流的未蒸发部分。在底壁33的底部出现的清洗管34可以抽空该液体馏分,例如将其重新注入罐2中。此外,出口管103从圆形腔室29横向延伸到外部封套111的外部。出口管103出现在圆形腔室29中,在凹形底壁33的上方,以避免收集液相。在实践中,底壁33的填充水平必须保持相对低,以避免液相过度溢出到出口管103中。在通过外部封套111的通道处围绕入口管117设置密封焊接件或密封件(未示出),以保持其密封性。出口管103直接或通过其他气体处理设备(例如压缩机,加热器等)连接到可燃气体消耗构件。
在运行中,收集在罐2的上部8中的气相经由收集管213在热交换器110的顶部被引导,这首先确保了热交换器110基本上在其整个高度上工作,其次在气相上确保了通过冷凝的对流泵送/运动。相对于位于罐2的下部9中的液相相对较热的气相经由收集管213进入并到达热交换器110的顶部。然后该气相与蒸发回路的热交换表面,即管25接触,变冷,通过蒸汽的热收缩产生第一吸力效应,然后通过产生其蒸发潜热来改变状态,形成液滴,液滴然后通过重力下降至外部封套111的凹形底壁35,从而产生第二吸力效应。因此可以省去主动泵送构件以夹带气相的循环。
在蒸发回路115中,本文示出的结构在顶部具有一入口,在底部具有一出口,这样的一个结构使用降膜技术。要获得的功能是这种薄膜失去了在其进入腔室26和在其到达腔室29之间的间隔期间可以蒸发的所有部件,受到它易于包含的难挥发性物质的影响,然后难挥发物质在底壁33上以液相到达。
止回阀49优选地布置在清洗管34上以在装置的正常运行期间关闭清洗管34并且间歇地打开清洗管34以移除富含重质物质的液体馏分。可以通过在压力下将气体注入入口管117中,或者在累积的重质物质的流体静压力的单一作用下通过重力去除液体馏分。因此,即使在装置运行时也可以进行该清洗操作。
或者,在清洗管34上使用阀149而不使用止回阀49,以便能够在必要时关闭清洗管34并间歇地或连续地打开清洗管34以除去富含重质物质的液体馏分。当阀处于打开位置时,在累积的重质物质的流体静压力的作用下,可以通过重力去除液体馏分。在装置运行时也可以进行该清洗操作。
或者,可以使用未示出的罐外部的泵来间歇地或连续地去除该剩余的液体馏分。这种结构的一个优点是蒸发回路115与液相饱和的风险相对受限:如果蒸汽传递的热量不足以确保液体蒸发,则剩余的液相在其抵达时可被去除而不会中断蒸发过程。对于通过底部进料的锅炉容器而言,情况并非如此,其中液体尾部馏分正在沸腾。
如图5所示,通过将所述回路置于减压下,可以进一步迫使到达蒸发回路115的液相可燃气体蒸发。在这种情况下,清洗装置及其功能将被修改。
当将蒸发回路115置于减压下时,第二阀52被添加到阀149上游的清洗管34中,以便形成缓冲容积53,缓冲容积53可以采用管或贮存器的形式。阀52和149的功能是交替的:首先,打开第二阀52以允许缓冲空间53填满重质物质。接下来,在打开阀149之前,先关闭第二阀52,以通过重力清空缓冲容积,然后关闭阀149。阀52和149的打开可以通过注入气体或通过电气控制(电子阀)来实现。
阀52和149的打开频率与GNL的组成直接相关:因此,GNL中包含的重化合物的比例越大,阀52和149的打开越频繁。
热交换器110的结构使得可以执行并联电流或并流热交换。理论上,这种形式的热交换效率低于逆流热交换。具体地,在双流体热交换器中,两种流体以两种流体之间的给定温差进入交换器。如果逆流发生热交换,则一种流体的出口温度趋向于另一种流体的入口温度,反之亦然。另一方面,在并流交换器中,两种流体趋向于混合温度。
这些考虑因素不会对用作蒸发器-冷凝器的热交换器110的正确运行造成阻碍。具体地说,所考虑的热交换中的敏感热部分很小,并且大部分热传递是通过相变等温进行的。
举例来说,如果可燃气体的气相在-100℃的温度下进入收集管213,那么使该蒸汽降至-160℃的显热部分约为130kJ/kg,而冷凝所需的潜热为510kj/kg。因此,大部分传热是等温的。这同样适用于蒸发回路115中的液相。
参考图6,观察到甲烷油轮70的剖视图,该甲烷油轮70配备有用于向气体消耗构件供给可燃气体并用于液化如上所述的所述可燃气体的装置。图6示出了通常为棱柱形的密封隔热罐71,其安装在船的双壳体72中。罐71的壁包括用于与容纳在罐中的GNL接触的主密封屏障,设置在主密封屏障和船的双壳体72之间的次密封屏障,以及分别布置在主密封屏障和次密封屏障之间,以及次密封屏障和双壳体72之间的两个隔热屏障。
以本身已知的方式,布置在船的上甲板上的装载/卸载管73可以通过合适的连接器连接到海上或港口终端,以将GNL货物来往于罐71之间运输。
图6示出了包括装载和卸载站75、水下管道76和陆基设施77的海上终端的一个示例。装载和卸载站75是固定的离岸设施,其包括移动臂74和塔架78,塔架78支撑移动臂74。移动臂74支撑一束隔热柔性管79,其可以连接到装载/卸载管道73。可定向的移动臂74可以适应所有尺寸的甲烷油轮。未示出的连接管在塔架78内延伸。装载和卸载站75允许甲烷油轮70卸载到陆基设施77或从陆基设施77装载。这种装置包括液化气储罐80和连接管道81,连接管道通过水下管道76连接到装载或卸载站75。水下管道76允许液化气体在装载或卸载站75与陆基设施77之间长距离传送,传送距离例如为5km,使得甲烷油轮70在装载和卸载操作期间保持远距离离开海岸。
为了产生输送液化气体所需的压力,使用船70中的船上泵,和/或安装在陆基设备77中的泵,和/或安装在装载和卸载站75的泵。
尽管已经结合若干具体实施例描述了本发明,但是很明显的是,本发明决不限于此,并且它包括所述装置的所有技术等同物以及它们的组合,如果后者落入本发明的范围内。
动词“包含”或“包括”及其共轭形式的使用不排除权利要求中列出的元件或步骤以外的元件或步骤的存在。
在权利要求中,括号中的任何附图标记不应被解释为对权利要求的限制。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于向气体消耗构件供给可燃气体并用于液化所述可燃气体的装置,所述装置(1)包括:
-一密封隔热罐(2),其包括一内部空间(7),用于填充气液两相平衡状态的可燃气体;
-一热交换器(10,110),其位于比所述密封隔热罐更高的位置,所述热交换器包括一蒸发路径(15,115)和一冷凝路径(12,112),这两个路径通过热交换壁以密封方式彼此分开,允许热量在包含在所述冷凝路径中的流体和包含在所述蒸发路径中的流体之间传递,所述蒸发路径和所述冷凝路径各自包括一入口和一出口,
-通过蒸汽收集回路(13,113,213)将所述冷凝路径的所述入口连接到所述密封隔热罐,所述蒸汽收集回路(13,113,213)包括在所述罐的内部空间的上部(8)出现的吸入管,以抽出所述罐的所述内部空间中的第一气相可燃气体流(19);所述冷凝路径的所述入口高于所述冷凝路径的出口,
-将所述冷凝路径(14,114)的所述出口连接到所述罐的所述内部空间,以通过重力转移所述罐的所述内部空间中的所述第一可燃气体流的液体馏分,通过所述冷凝路径中的冷凝获得所述第一可燃气体流的所述液体馏分,
-通过液体入口回路(17,117)将所述蒸发路径(15,115)的所述入口连接到所述密封隔热罐,所述液体入口回路包括在所述罐的所述内部空间的下部(9)出现的吸入管,以抽出所述罐的所述内部空间中的第二液相可燃气体流,和循环泵(16)以将所述第二液相可燃气体流传送到所述蒸发路径中,
-一真空泵(51),其连接到所述蒸发路径(15,115)以将所述热交换器的所述蒸发路径置于低于所述密封隔热罐的所述气相中存在的压力的压力下,
-将所述蒸发路径(3,103)的所述出口连接到气体消耗构件,以将所述第二可燃气体流的蒸气馏分传送到所述气体消耗构件,通过蒸发所述蒸发路径中的所述可燃气体,在运行期间获得所述第二可燃气体流的所述蒸汽馏分,所述蒸发路径置于低于所述密封隔热罐的所述气相中存在的压力的压力下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述真空泵(51)设置在所述蒸发路径的所述出口和所述气体消耗构件之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述蒸发路径(15,115)的所述出口位于比所述蒸发路径的所述入口低的位置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,所述热交换器的所述蒸发路径包括位于所述蒸发路径底部的相分离罐(33),所述相分离罐包括底壁和从所述底壁向上延伸的侧壁,所述蒸发路径出口(103)通过所述相分离罐的所述侧壁在所述底壁上方间隔开的位置处出现。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括一清洗回路(34),所述清洗回路通过所述相分离罐的所述底壁出现,所述清洗回路能够通过重力从所述相分离罐中排除液相。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括一压缩机(4),所述压缩机布置在所述蒸发路径的所述出口和所述气体消耗构件之间。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述热交换器包括一密封隔热封套(11,111),所述密封隔热封套限定包含所述蒸发路径的内部空间(12,112),所述封套布置在所述密封隔热罐上方,且包括一下部孔(14,114),所述下部孔与所述密封隔热罐的所述内部空间连通且构成所述冷凝路径的所述出口。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述密封隔热罐的顶壁(5)具有连接到所述封套的所述下部孔的孔,所述封套还包括一固定夹(21),所述固定夹围绕所述封套的所述下部孔布置,将所述固定夹附接到所述密封隔热罐的所述顶壁,围绕所述顶壁的所述孔。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述热交换器还包括一收集管(113,213),所述收集管从所述封套的所述下部孔延伸到靠近所述封套(11,111)的顶壁的位置,并且具有在所述罐的所述内部空间中出现的下端和在所述封套的所述内部空间(12,112)中出现的上端,所述收集管在所述封套的所述内部空间内限定了形成所述蒸汽收集回路的所述收集管的所述内部空间和形成所述热交换器的所述冷凝路径的所述收集管的外部空间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,所述热交换器包括:
多个管(55),其平行于所述收集管,布置在所述收集管周围的所述收集管的所述外部空间中,所述平行管构成所述热交换器的所述热交换壁,
一入口分配器(23),其设置在所述封套的所述内部空间中,所述入口分配器延伸到所述收集管的周边并具有一底壁,每个平行管的上端通过所述底壁出现,
一入口管(117),其构成所述蒸发路径的所述入口并延伸通过所述封套的外部和所述入口分配器之间的所述封套,
一出口外壳(24),其设置在所述收集管的所述外部空间中,围绕低于所述入口室的所述收集管,并具有一顶壁,每个平行管的下端通过所述顶壁出现,以及
一出口管(103),其构成所述蒸发路径的所述出口并延伸通过所述出口外壳和所述封套的外部之间的所述封套。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,所述入口分配器(23)布置在比所述收集管(213)的所述上端高的位置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,平行于所述收集管的所述管(25)具有换热片(31,32),所述换热片布置在平行于所述收集管(213)的管的所述外表面上。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括多个密封隔热罐,所述密封隔热罐包括一内部空间,所述内部空间用于填充气液两相平衡状态的所述可燃气体,所述蒸汽收集回路(13)为一共用收集回路,所述共用收集回路将所述蒸发路径的所述入口连接到每一个所述罐的,以收集每个所述罐中蒸发产生的气体。
14.一种用于向气体消耗构件供给可燃气体并通过如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的装置液化所述可燃气体的方法,包括:
-将第一气相可燃气体流(19)从所述密封隔热罐的所述内部空间的所述上部(8)通过所述蒸汽收集回路引入所述冷凝路径(12,112)的所述入口,
-借助于所述循环泵(16)将第二液相可燃气体流从所述罐的所述内部空间的所述下部传送到所述蒸发路径(15,115)的所述入口,
-将所述热交换器的所述蒸发路径置于低于所述密封隔热罐的所述气相中存在的压力的压力下,
-在所述冷凝路径中的所述第一可燃气体流与所述蒸发路径中的所述第二可燃气体流之间进行热交换,以至少蒸发所述蒸发路径中的一部分所述第二可燃气体流,所述蒸发路径置于低于所述密封隔热罐的气相中存在的压力的压力下,同时冷凝所述冷凝路径中的至少一部分所述第一所述可燃气体流,
-通过重力将所述第一可燃气体流的所述液体馏分从所述冷凝路径(14,114)的所述出口传送到所述罐的所述内部空间,并且
-将所述第二可燃气体流的所述蒸汽馏分从所述蒸发路径的所述出口传送到所述气体消耗构件。
15.一种包括如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的装置的船(70)。
16.一种用于装载或清空如权利要求15中所述的船(70)的方法,其特征在于,可燃气体通过隔热管道(73,79,76,81)从浮动或陆基存储设施(77)传送到所述船的密封隔热罐(71)中,或从所述船的密封隔热罐传送到所述浮动或陆基存储设施(77)。
17.一种用于输送可燃气体的系统,其特征在于,所述系统包括如权利要求15所述的船(70),隔热管道(73,79,76,81)和一泵,其中所述隔热管道布置成将安装在船体中的所述罐(71)连接到浮式或陆基存储设施(77),而所述泵则用于使可燃气体通过所述隔热管道在浮式或陆基存储设施和所述船的密封隔热罐(71)之间流动。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1652456 | 2016-03-22 | ||
FR1652456A FR3049331B1 (fr) | 2016-03-22 | 2016-03-22 | Installation d'alimentation en gaz combustible d'un organe consommateur de gaz et de liquefaction dudit gaz combustible |
PCT/FR2017/050657 WO2017162977A1 (fr) | 2016-03-22 | 2017-03-21 | Installation d'alimentation en gaz combustible d'un organe consommateur de gaz et de liquefaction dudit gaz combustible |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN109154421A true CN109154421A (zh) | 2019-01-04 |
CN109154421B CN109154421B (zh) | 2020-12-04 |
Family
ID=56069112
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201780019561.8A Active CN109154421B (zh) | 2016-03-22 | 2017-03-21 | 用于向消耗气体的构件供给可燃气体并用于液化所述可燃气体的装置 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3433530B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6942143B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102302436B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN109154421B (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2802601T3 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR3049331B1 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL3433530T3 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG11201808311PA (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2017162977A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113767246A (zh) * | 2019-03-15 | 2021-12-07 | 气体运输技术公司 | 用于控制液化天然气容器中的压力的系统 |
WO2023107062A3 (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2023-07-20 | Aygaz Dogal Gaz Toptan Satis A.S. | A double-tank mobile lng filling station and a filling method thereof |
US20230264541A1 (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2023-08-24 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Cooling module for an electric or hybrid motor vehicle |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB201719399D0 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2018-01-03 | Bennamann Services Ltd | Liquid methane storage and fuel delivery system |
KR102450533B1 (ko) * | 2018-01-25 | 2022-10-05 | 한국조선해양 주식회사 | 휘발성 유기화합물 처리 시스템 및 선박 |
FR3108167B1 (fr) * | 2020-03-11 | 2022-02-11 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Système de traitement d’un gaz naturel issu d’une cuve d’un ouvrage flottant configuré pour alimenter en gaz naturel en tant que carburant un appareil consommateur de gaz naturel |
FR3114797B1 (fr) * | 2020-10-02 | 2023-03-03 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Système d’alimentation en gaz pour appareils consommateurs de gaz à haute et basse pression |
US20230408035A1 (en) * | 2020-10-02 | 2023-12-21 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Gas supply system for high- and low-pressure gas consuming appliances |
FR3119420B1 (fr) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-01-13 | Safran | Ensemble pour turbomachine |
FR3130928B1 (fr) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-07-05 | Faurecia Systemes Dechappement | Dispositif de stockage et d’alimentation en hydrogène et ensemble correspondant |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0960799A (ja) * | 1995-08-25 | 1997-03-04 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 複数成分をもつ低温液体及びそのボイルオフガスの処理装置 |
JPH09105500A (ja) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-04-22 | Kagura Inbesuto Kk | 液化ガスの流出防止弁 |
CN1154466A (zh) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-07-16 | 卡古拉因贝斯特株式会社 | 液体石油气的热交换装置 |
EP1789739A1 (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2007-05-30 | ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company | Method of extracting ethane from liquefied natural gas |
CN200999962Y (zh) * | 2007-01-04 | 2008-01-02 | 刘凤国 | 液化气残液汽化装置 |
KR20100021774A (ko) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-02-26 | 에스티엑스조선해양 주식회사 | 선박 및 부유식 설비의 연료가스 공급장치 및 공급방법 |
CN103994325A (zh) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-08-20 | 中国寰球工程公司 | 气液相分流回收的节能型低温液态乙烯气化工艺系统 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5481303A (en) * | 1977-12-12 | 1979-06-28 | Chiyoda Chem Eng & Constr Co Ltd | Heating of liquefied petroleum gas and equipment for the same |
FR2691520B1 (fr) | 1992-05-20 | 1994-09-02 | Technigaz Ste Nle | Structure préfabriquée de formation de parois étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour enceinte de confinement d'un fluide à très basse température. |
FR2877638B1 (fr) | 2004-11-10 | 2007-01-19 | Gaz Transp Et Technigaz Soc Pa | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolee a elements calorifuges resistants a la compression |
JP5148319B2 (ja) | 2008-02-27 | 2013-02-20 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 液化ガス再液化装置、これを備えた液化ガス貯蔵設備および液化ガス運搬船、並びに液化ガス再液化方法 |
JP2010043708A (ja) * | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 地域エネルギー供給システム |
FR2993643B1 (fr) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-08-22 | Saipem Sa | Procede de liquefaction de gaz naturel avec changement de phase |
FR2996520B1 (fr) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-10-24 | Gaztransp Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante comportant une membrane metalique ondulee selon des plis orthogonaux |
-
2016
- 2016-03-22 FR FR1652456A patent/FR3049331B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-03-21 CN CN201780019561.8A patent/CN109154421B/zh active Active
- 2017-03-21 JP JP2018549451A patent/JP6942143B2/ja active Active
- 2017-03-21 EP EP17716958.8A patent/EP3433530B1/fr active Active
- 2017-03-21 WO PCT/FR2017/050657 patent/WO2017162977A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2017-03-21 SG SG11201808311PA patent/SG11201808311PA/en unknown
- 2017-03-21 PL PL17716958T patent/PL3433530T3/pl unknown
- 2017-03-21 KR KR1020187029561A patent/KR102302436B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2017-03-21 ES ES17716958T patent/ES2802601T3/es active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0960799A (ja) * | 1995-08-25 | 1997-03-04 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 複数成分をもつ低温液体及びそのボイルオフガスの処理装置 |
JPH09105500A (ja) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-04-22 | Kagura Inbesuto Kk | 液化ガスの流出防止弁 |
CN1154466A (zh) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-07-16 | 卡古拉因贝斯特株式会社 | 液体石油气的热交换装置 |
EP1789739A1 (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2007-05-30 | ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company | Method of extracting ethane from liquefied natural gas |
CN200999962Y (zh) * | 2007-01-04 | 2008-01-02 | 刘凤国 | 液化气残液汽化装置 |
KR20100021774A (ko) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-02-26 | 에스티엑스조선해양 주식회사 | 선박 및 부유식 설비의 연료가스 공급장치 및 공급방법 |
CN103994325A (zh) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-08-20 | 中国寰球工程公司 | 气液相分流回收的节能型低温液态乙烯气化工艺系统 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113767246A (zh) * | 2019-03-15 | 2021-12-07 | 气体运输技术公司 | 用于控制液化天然气容器中的压力的系统 |
US20230264541A1 (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2023-08-24 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Cooling module for an electric or hybrid motor vehicle |
WO2023107062A3 (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2023-07-20 | Aygaz Dogal Gaz Toptan Satis A.S. | A double-tank mobile lng filling station and a filling method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR102302436B1 (ko) | 2021-09-16 |
JP2019512651A (ja) | 2019-05-16 |
PL3433530T3 (pl) | 2020-10-19 |
CN109154421B (zh) | 2020-12-04 |
SG11201808311PA (en) | 2018-10-30 |
WO2017162977A1 (fr) | 2017-09-28 |
FR3049331B1 (fr) | 2018-09-14 |
EP3433530A1 (fr) | 2019-01-30 |
FR3049331A1 (fr) | 2017-09-29 |
JP6942143B2 (ja) | 2021-09-29 |
ES2802601T3 (es) | 2021-01-20 |
EP3433530B1 (fr) | 2020-04-22 |
KR20180133859A (ko) | 2018-12-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN109154421A (zh) | 用于向消耗气体的构件供给可燃气体并用于液化所述可燃气体的装置 | |
CN107110427B (zh) | 用于冷却液化气的装置和方法 | |
KR102035643B1 (ko) | 액화 가스 저장 탱크의 단열 장벽에 연결된 펌핑 장치 작동 방법 | |
CN107429880B (zh) | 用于在船上储存和运输低温流体的装置 | |
CN107636380B (zh) | 用于冷却液化气体的方法 | |
US7517391B2 (en) | Method of bulk transport and storage of gas in a liquid medium | |
KR101672606B1 (ko) | 수성 및/또는 유성 액체들 및 극저온 액체를 수집하고 분리하기 위한 디바이스 | |
JP5548313B2 (ja) | Lngタンクへのパイプを接続するための構造 | |
CN103813957B (zh) | 具有外部容器的海上平台 | |
CN109563969B (zh) | 用于向气体消耗构件供给可燃气体并用于液化所述可燃气体的设备 | |
KR102230634B1 (ko) | 선박 추진을 위한 전력 생산용 장치로의 천연 가스의 처리 및 공급 시스템 | |
CN109563968B (zh) | 用于向气体消耗构件供给可燃气体并用于液化所述可燃气体的设备 | |
PL190683B1 (pl) | Sposób i urządzenie do zapobiegania odparowywaniupłynnego gazu, przechowywanego w nieprzepuszczalnym i zaizolowanym cieplnie zbiorniku | |
JP2021507178A (ja) | 液化ガスを容器内に貯蔵し蒸発ガスを容器から引き出す方法及び装置 | |
US20050120723A1 (en) | Methods and Apparatus For Processing, Transporting And/Or Storing Cryogenic Fluids | |
WO2014086413A1 (en) | Integrated and improved system for sea transportation of compressed natural gas in vessels, including multiple treatment steps for lowering the temperature of the combined cooling and chilling type | |
US20080295527A1 (en) | Lng tank ship with nitrogen generator and method of operating the same | |
CN109563967B (zh) | 气体储存及处理设备 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |