CN109112937A - A kind of surface evenness fining method for fast measuring - Google Patents
A kind of surface evenness fining method for fast measuring Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007663 fining method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/01—Devices or auxiliary means for setting-out or checking the configuration of new surfacing, e.g. templates, screed or reference line supports; Applications of apparatus for measuring, indicating, or recording the surface configuration of existing surfacing, e.g. profilographs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of surface evenness to refine method for fast measuring, comprising the following steps: (1) prepares measuring device: including computer, the automatic total instruments connecting with computer radio, first support, second support and target apparatus；(2) straight line road surface to be measured is continuously divided into N number of measuring section, then setting is successively connected the closure test route formed from beginning to end by multiple measurement subsegments in each measuring section；(3) front and back successively measures the surface evenness of each measuring section according to closed leveling line elevation test method, and carries out error analysis to the closed leveling line measurement of higher degree result of this section；(4) three-dimensional coordinate at the prism midpoint of computer acquisition is all screened, and its height coordinate is modified；(5) the opposite relative elevation difference h with previous moment test ground in later moment in time actual measurement ground is calculatedi；Using this method, may be implemented to determine surface evenness purpose.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to engineering survey fixture technology fields, in particular to a kind of quickly to be surveyed based on robot measurement fining
Measure the measurement method of surface evenness.
Background technique
In recent years, with the fast development of Chinese economy, the infrastructure construction concerning the people's livelihood such as highway, airport
Make rapid progress.And the surface evenness of these infrastructure is an important indicator for characterizing road surface.The flatness on road surface
Directly affect stability and comfort of the aircraft in sliding run.If the flatness of airport pavement continues to deteriorate, can also cause
The abrasion of parts even jeopardizes flight safety when serious.Due to the particularity on airport, needed within the of short duration time that airport is suspended
High-precision measures corresponding flatness at airport pavement takeoff and landing wheelprint, this is very difficult, and a current disaster
Topic.
The measurement method of the existing surface evenness that satisfies the need, such as three meters of ruler methods, accumulation jolt instrument, laser cross section instrument etc.,
Can not accurate rapid survey road surface flatness, and its detectable road surface wavelength is restricted.But according to level or
GPS measures the practical elevation on road surface to reflect the flatness on road surface, though measurement accuracy is high, adjacent two measuring point distance farther out,
It can not reflect the truth on road surface；If adjacent two measuring point, apart from close, measuring speed is very slow, cause to survey in airport pavement
Its flatness can not be measured when amount within the short time of suspending.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, provides a kind of fining rapid survey surface evenness
Surface evenness refines method for fast measuring.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of surface evenness fining method for fast measuring, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: preparing measuring device:
The measuring device include computer, the automatic total instruments being connect with computer radio, between left and right every setting and
The identical first support of structure, the target apparatus of second support and installation between two supports, and the first support
It include a horizonal base plate with second support, in the bottom for the vertical stringer being arranged along the vertical direction and the horizonal base plate
Between partial threads connect, a groove is provided among the top surface of the vertical stringer, vertical close to the groove
Lacing hole is provided on stringer in the horizontal direction, a wire rope handling is welded on the vertical stringer above the lacing hole and is fixed
Ring is equipped with the pulley for changing direction on the vertical stringer of the second support by support rod, the pulley
Rotation axis is identical as the axis height of lacing hole, is equipped with electric motor on the horizonal base plate of the second support；
The target apparatus includes prism bar, and 360 ° of prisms have been connected through a screw thread at the top of the prism bar,
The integrated manipulator of laser range finder is installed in the middle part of the prism bar, and is equipped in bottom end and passes through number with integrated manipulator
According to the laser range finder that line is connected, the integrated manipulator receives the data read command that computer issues, and acquires by laser
The three of the 360 ° of prism midpoints exported at the Laser emission of rangefinder to the distance on road surface, computer synchronous acquisition automatic total instruments
Coordinate data is tieed up, is fixed with link on the top of the prism；
Step 2: straight line road surface to be measured is continuously divided by N number of measuring section according to the maximum measurement range of automatic total instruments,
The terminal of previous measuring section is the starting point of next measuring section, then in each measuring section setting by multiple measurement subsegments from beginning to end according to
The closure test route of the secondary composition that connects, it is direct comprising the starting point from the measuring section in multiple measurement subsegments of each measuring section
It is directed toward the linear measurement subsegment of the terminal of the measuring section；
Step 3: front and back successively to the surface evenness of each measuring section according to closed leveling line elevation test method into
Row measurement carries out error to the closed leveling line measurement of higher degree result of this section after the test of each measuring section surface evenness
Analysis；If this section of measurement of higher degree error result in the error range of setting, carries out next measuring section measuring flatness of road surface；
Otherwise it readjusts automatic total instruments to re-measure the road surface of this section according to closed leveling line elevation test method, until full
Until the error requirements set enough；
The measurement process of closed leveling line height difference test method is wherein used to the surface evenness of each measuring section are as follows:
Before (1a) successively measures each measurement subsegment of each measuring section, by the horizonal base plate of the first support
Right above the measurement starting point that inside endpoint is placed in the measurement starting point of first measurement subsegment and prism measures subsegment at first,
Second support is located within the maximum measurement distance of total station used and endpoint is placed in the on the inside of the horizonal base plate of second support
On the measurement terminal of one measurement subsegment；
(1b) two brackets are arranged behind setting position according to step (1a), are attached to measuring device, connection side
Formula are as follows:
First rope one end is fixed in the wire rope handling fixed ring of first support, and first rope other end is pasted
First support groove bottom wall, across link, against second support groove bottom wall, the last first rope other end is fixed on second
In the wire rope handling fixed ring of bracket；
Second rope one end is fixed in electric motor shaft and the other end successively bypasses the cunning in second support
Wheel, the lacing hole in second support, are fixed on 360 ° of prisms and prism bar threaded connection place in the horizontal direction；
Automatic total instruments are erected on the outside of test road in any position by (1c), and automatic total instruments are wireless by transmitting
Signal is connect with computer；
(1d) opens electric motor, adjusts electric motor frequency and always with fixed frequency drawstring, makes 360 ° of prism edges
At the uniform velocity advance in first measurement subsegment direction；Using 360 ° of prisms of total station locating and tracking are automatically tracked, computer is according to setting
The acquisition of acquisition data time interval automatically track total station output prism midpoint three-dimensional coordinate, and computer is synchronized and is obtained
The moment for taking laser range finder to measure by laser range finder Laser emission to road surface to be measured distance L1, when 360 ° of prisms arrive
Up to the measurement subsegment measurement terminal when, stop electric motor and laser range finder data acquisition, the three of the prism midpoint
Tieing up coordinate is the coordinate in the case where automatically tracking total station instrument coordinate system；
First support is placed on next measurement subsegment starting point according to step (1a) by (1e), second support is placed on next
Subsegment terminal is measured, then repeatedly step (1d)；
(1f) repeats the measurement that step (1e) completes each measurement subsegment of each measuring section；
The step of wherein carrying out error analysis to the measurement result of each measuring section is as follows:
(2a) is sought according to formula (1) in the closure test route motion process that 360 ° of prisms are set along each measuring section
The height coordinate at height coordinate 360 ° of prism midpoints corresponding with previous moment at the corresponding 360 ° of prism midpoints of later moment in time
Relative elevation difference fhi
fhi=Zi-Zi-1 (1)
Z in formulai: the i-th moment measured the height coordinate value in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Zi-1: the (i-1)-th moment measured the height coordinate value in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
(2b) adds up all relative elevation differences being calculated in the test section, then with corresponding concrete engineering elevation
The error of measurement request compares；
Step 4: prism is pointing directly at end from starting point along the section by measuring section test process each in step 3 (1d)
The three-dimensional coordinate at the prism midpoint of computer acquisition all screens in the straight line line motion process of point, then will filter out
The whole coordinates come are modified the height coordinate in three-dimensional coordinate using closed leveling line height difference test method, are repaired
The three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint after just；
Step 5: it is opposite relatively high with previous moment test ground to calculate later moment in time actual measurement ground according to formula (2)
Path difference hi,
hi=(Li-Z′i)-(Li-1-Z′i-1) (2)
Z ' in formulai: the height coordinate value after the amendment of the i-th moment in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Z′i-1: the height coordinate value after the amendment of the (i-1)-th moment in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Li: the distance on road surface to be measured is arrived at corresponding i-th moment laser range finder Laser emission；
Li-1: the distance on road surface to be measured is arrived at corresponding (i-1)-th moment laser range finder Laser emission；
Step 6: according to the depth displacement h of calculatingiDetermine surface evenness.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, prism is made to be in vertical state with self gravitation effect, without the side of traditional artificial upright bar adjustment prism
Formula can either reduce the labor intensity of personnel, and can improve the speed of measurement；
2, by adjusting the frequency of electric motor, prism can be made at the uniform velocity to advance at different rates, prism is reduced and advance
Influence of the brief acceleration to measurement precision；
3, it the time etc. of the frequency of adjustable electric motor and computer software acquisition data, realizes quickly to long road surface
Advance time or the elevation precise measurement apart from point is fixed, to accurately obtain the fluctuating situation on road surface to be measured
And smoothness evaluation；
4, it is unrestricted to detect road surface wave-length coverage for it.
5, have the advantages that structure is simple, easy to use, measurement accuracy is high.
6, it can find whether measurement process meets required precision and reduce error in time, having finally played reduces route
The cumulative errors of longer measuring flatness of road surface.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the supporting structure schematic diagram that surface evenness fining method for fast measuring of the invention uses；
Fig. 2 is the target apparatus structural schematic diagram that surface evenness fining method for fast measuring of the invention uses；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram for the device that surface evenness fining method for fast measuring of the invention uses；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that embodiment road surface to be measured continuously divides two sections；
Fig. 5 is the closure test route on embodiment first segment road surface to be measured and the schematic diagram of testing sequence；
Fig. 6 is the measuring device installation diagram that embodiment uses fining rapid survey surface evenness of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the closure test route on embodiment second segment road surface to be measured and the schematic diagram of testing sequence.
Specific embodiment
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing.
A kind of surface evenness of the invention refines method for fast measuring, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: preparing measuring device:
The measuring device include computer, the automatic total instruments being connect with computer radio, between left and right every setting and
The identical first support 1 of structure, target apparatus (such as Fig. 2 of second support 2 (as shown in Figure 1) and installation between two supports
It is shown), and the first support 1 and second support 2 includes a horizonal base plate 9, and what is be arranged along the vertical direction is vertical
The bottom of stringer 10 is threadedly coupled with 9 middle section of horizonal base plate, is opened among the top surface of the vertical stringer 10
There is a groove 12, is provided with lacing hole 13 in the horizontal direction on the vertical stringer 10 close to the groove 12, it is usually described
Lacing hole away from groove about 5cm at.It is solid that a wire rope handling is welded on the vertical stringer 10 above the lacing hole
Determine ring 14, the pulley 15 for changing direction is installed on the vertical stringer 10 of the second support 2 by support rod, it is described
Pulley 15 rotation axis it is identical as the axis height of lacing hole 13, be equipped on the horizonal base plate of the second support
Electric motor 5.
The both ends of a preferred inclined support structure 11 are separately fixed on vertical stringer 10 and horizonal base plate 9.
The target apparatus includes prism bar 4, and 360 ° of prisms 3 have been connected through a screw thread at the top of the prism bar 4,
The integrated manipulator 6 of laser range finder 7 is installed in the middle part of the prism bar 4, and is equipped with and integrated manipulator in bottom end
The laser range finder 7 being connected by data line.The integrated manipulator 6 receives the data read command that computer issues (can
Signal transmission is carried out to pass through bluetooth), distance of the acquisition by the Laser emission of laser range finder 7 to road surface, computer synchronization
Acquire the three-dimensional coordinate data at 360 ° of 3 midpoints of prism of automatic total instruments output.Link is fixed on the top of the prism 3
16.The whole device structural schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 3.
Step 2: straight line road surface to be measured is continuously divided by N number of measuring section according to the maximum measurement range of automatic total instruments,
The terminal of previous measuring section is the starting point of next measuring section, then in each measuring section setting by multiple measurement subsegments from beginning to end according to
The closure test route of the secondary composition that connects, it is direct comprising the starting point from the measuring section in multiple measurement subsegments of each measuring section
It is directed toward the linear measurement subsegment of the terminal of the measuring section；
Step 3: front and back is successively to the surface evenness of each measuring section according to closed leveling line elevation test method
(setting method and closed leveling line elevation test method of closure test route are existing method, with reference in June, 2016 east
" closed leveling line measurement of higher degree method " in southern university press " civil engineering surveying ") it measures, in each survey
After measuring road section surface testing flatness, error analysis is carried out to the closed leveling line measurement of higher degree result of this section and (refers to " building work
Journey measurement " in " error analysis of the closed leveling line measurement of higher degree ").If this section of measurement of higher degree error result is being set
Error range in, then carry out next measuring section measuring flatness of road surface；Otherwise automatic total instruments are readjusted to the road of this section
Face is re-measured according to closed leveling line elevation test method, until the error requirements for meeting setting.The error of setting
The selection of range can require to determine according to concrete engineering.
The measurement process of closed leveling line height difference test method is used to the surface evenness of each measuring section are as follows:
Before (1a) successively measures each measurement subsegment of each measuring section, by the horizontal base of the first support 1
9 inside endpoint of plate be placed in first measurement subsegment measurement starting point and prism first measurement subsegment measurement starting point just on
Side, second support 2 is located within the maximum measurement distance of total station used and 9 inside endpoint of the horizonal base plate peace of second support 2
It is placed on the measurement terminal of first measurement subsegment；
(1b) two brackets are arranged behind setting position according to step (1a), are attached to measuring device, connection side
Formula are as follows:
First 8 one end of rope is fixed in the wire rope handling fixed ring 14 of first support, and first rope 8 is another
End against first support groove bottom wall, across link 16, against second support groove bottom wall, last first rope, 8 other end is solid
It is scheduled in the wire rope handling fixed ring 14 of second support.
Second 8 one end of rope is fixed in 5 shaft of electric motor and the other end successively bypasses in second support
Pulley 15, the lacing hole 13 in second support are fixed on 4 threaded connection place of 360 ° of prisms 3 and prism bar in the horizontal direction.
Automatic total instruments are erected on the outside of test road in any position by (1c), and automatic total instruments are wireless by transmitting
Signal is connect with computer.The operating procedure of the automatic total instruments is according to purchasing the subsidiary specification of total station；
(1d) opens electric motor, adjusts 5 frequency of electric motor and always with fixed frequency drawstring, makes 360 ° of prisms 3
At the uniform velocity advance along first measurement subsegment direction；Using automatically tracking 360 ° of prisms of total station locating and tracking, computer is according to setting
Fixed acquisition data time interval acquisition automatically tracks the three-dimensional coordinate (X at the prism midpoint of total station outputn,Yn,Zn), and
Distance of the moment that the synchronous acquisition laser range finder 7 of computer measures by laser range finder Laser emission to road surface to be measured
L1, when 360 ° of prisms reach the measurement terminal of the measurement subsegment, stop electric motor and the acquisition of laser range finder data, it is described
The three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint be the coordinate in the case where automatically tracking total station instrument coordinate system；
In order to facilitate calculating, the setting method of total station instrument coordinate system can be with are as follows: automatic total instruments are set up to the position of point
It is set as coordinate origin O1(0,0,0) sets up point and starting point A in road surface to be measured to set up point as starting point11Line be X-axis side
To O1It is directed toward A11It is positive for X-axis, with O1A11Vertical direction is Y direction, then Y-axis forward direction is with O1It is axle center along O1A11It is positive
Turn the direction where 90 ° counterclockwise；It can certainly be as needed using the setting method of other total station instrument coordinate systems.
First support is placed on next measurement subsegment starting point according to step (1a) by (1e), and second support 2 is placed on down
One measurement subsegment terminal, then repeatedly step (1d)；
(1f) repeats the measurement that step (1e) completes each measurement subsegment of each measuring section.
The step of carrying out error analysis to the measurement result of each measuring section is as follows:
(2a) is sought according to formula (1) in the closure test route motion process that 360 ° of prisms are set along each measuring section
The height coordinate at height coordinate 360 ° of prism midpoints corresponding with previous moment at the corresponding 360 ° of prism midpoints of later moment in time
Relative elevation difference fhi
fhi=Zi-Zi-1 (1)
Z in formulai: the i-th moment measured the height coordinate value in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Zi-1: the (i-1)-th moment measured the height coordinate value in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint.
(2b) adds up all relative elevation differences being calculated in the test section, then with corresponding concrete engineering elevation
The error of measurement request compares.
Step 4: prism is pointing directly at end from starting point along the section by measuring section test process each in step 3 (1d)
The three-dimensional coordinate at the prism midpoint of computer acquisition all screens in the straight line line motion process of point, then will filter out
The whole coordinates come are modified the height coordinate in three-dimensional coordinate using closed leveling line height difference test method, are repaired
Three-dimensional coordinate (the X at prism midpoint after justn,Yn,Z′n) (modification method can publish " building work with reference to Southeast China University's in June, 2016
Journey measurement " in " error analysis of the closed leveling line measurement of higher degree " method).
Step 5: it is opposite relatively high with previous moment test ground to calculate later moment in time actual measurement ground according to formula (2)
Path difference hi,
hi=(L+Li-Z′i)-(L+Li-1-Z′i-1) (2)
From above formula (2) available following formula (3):
hi=(Li-Z′i)-(Li-1-Z′i-1) (3)
Z ' in formulai: the height coordinate value after the amendment of the i-th moment in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Z′i-1: the height coordinate value after the amendment of the (i-1)-th moment in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Distance of the L:360 ° of prism centers to laser range finder bottom surface；
Li: the distance on road surface to be measured is arrived at corresponding i-th moment laser range finder Laser emission；
Li-1: the distance on road surface to be measured is arrived at corresponding (i-1)-th moment laser range finder Laser emission；
Step 6: according to the depth displacement h of calculatingiDetermine surface evenness, the method for judgement can be with are as follows: assuming that first survey
Point A11The height at place is the zero i.e. A in formula face11The height of measuring point is 0, according to measuring point A thereafter immediately12With A11The path difference of measuring point
hi, A can be drawn12Measuring point is relative to A11The location of measuring point similarly draws the position of other each measuring points of the test segment
The fluctuating situation on road surface.It furthermore can also be according to international testing flatness and the proper calculation of evaluation about surface evenness index
IRI。
Embodiment
As shown in figure 4, Duan Lu overall length 350m to be measured, selected automatic total instruments maximum range must not exceed 200m, it is existing
It is divided into two sections of A to be measured section11-B11、A21-B21Measurement.First segment road surface A to be measured11-B11Measurement length is 200m, and second segment waits for
Survey road surface A21-B21Measurement length is 150m.The final measurement of road section surface to be measured can use route A11-B11、A21-B21It indicates.
Carry out road surface A to be measured to the first segment of division11-B11Measurement, set a closure test route and test first
Sequentially (as shown in Figure 5).A11-B11Measurement be divided into three measurement subsegment A11-B11、B11-T114、T114-A11.Then to route
A11-B11、B11-T114And T114-A11It successively measures in the same manner.
To measure subsegment A11-B11For:
Step 1: measuring device is ready to according to specific embodiment step 1, according to the measurement of closure test route
Subsegment A11-B11As shown in Figure 6 be placed in the 9 inside endpoint of horizonal base plate of the first support 1 in test process
Measure subsegment A11-B11Measurement starting point A11And prism is right above the starting point on road surface, 9 inner end of horizonal base plate of second support 2
Point is placed in subsegment A11-B11Measurement terminal B11On；
Step 2: bracket is arranged behind setting position, measuring device is attached, connection type are as follows: first rope
8 one end of rope is fixed in the wire rope handling fixed ring 14 of first support, and 8 other end of the first rope is against first support groove
Bottom wall, across link 16, against second support groove bottom wall, the wire rope handling that the last first rope other end is fixed on second support is solid
Determine on ring 14.
Second 8 one end of rope is fixed in 5 shaft of electric motor and the other end successively bypasses in second support
Pulley 15, the lacing hole 13 in second support are fixed on 4 threaded connection place of 360 ° of prisms 3 and prism bar in the horizontal direction.
Step 3: automatic total instruments are erected at any position O on the outside of test road as shown in Figure 51On, by automatic complete
The wireless signal of instrument of standing transmitting is connect with computer, and the initial position of prism is made to be directed at starting point A in road surface to be measured11a.It is same with this
When, integrated manipulator 6 is connect with computer, laser range finder 7 respectively.In order to facilitate calculating, total station instrument coordinate system at this time
Setting method can be with are as follows: the position that automatic total instruments set up point is set as coordinate origin O1(0,0,0) is to set up point
Point is crossed and sets up point O1And the straight line parallel with road surface to be measured is X-direction, and with vectorDirection be that X-axis is positive, with X
The vertical direction of axis is Y direction, then Y-axis forward direction is with O1It is axle center along the positive direction for turning 90 ° of places counterclockwise of X-axis；
Step 4: opening electric motor, adjusts 5 frequency of electric motor and always with fixed frequency drawstring, makes 360 ° of ribs
Mirror 3 is along measurement subsegment A11-B11At the uniform velocity advance in direction；Using automatically tracking 360 ° of prisms of total station locating and tracking, computer according to
The acquisition data time interval acquisition of setting automatically tracks the prism in the case where automatically tracking total station instrument coordinate system of total station output
Three-dimensional coordinate (the X at midpointn,Yn,Zn), and the moment that the synchronous acquisition laser range finder 7 of computer measures is by laser range finder
The distance L on road surface to be measured is arrived at Laser emission1, when 360 ° of prisms reach measurement terminal B11When, stop electric motor and Laser Measuring
The acquisition of distance meter data.
It is closed the measurement subsegment A of test route11-B11After having surveyed, immediately according to above-mentioned measurement subsegment A11-B11The step of according to
It is secondary to subsegment B11-T114、T114-A11It measures.First support and the movement of second support 2 need to only be made first support by its step
It is located at measurement subsegment B11-T114、T114-A11Starting point, while second support is located at each measurement subsegment B11-T114、T114-A11Eventually
Point.To closure measurement circuit A11-B11、B11-T114、T114-A11In the process, the position of automatic total instruments need not move.
Complete closure measurement circuit A11-B11、B11-T114、T114-A11Afterwards, the D coordinates value of measuring point on measurement circuit is extracted
As shown in table 1.
Table 1
Lower a period of time in the closure test route motion process that 360 ° of prisms are set along each measuring section is sought according to formula 1
Carve the relatively high of the height coordinate at height coordinate 360 ° of prism midpoints corresponding with last moment at corresponding 360 ° of prism midpoints
Path difference value fhi:
fhi=Zi-Zi-1 (1)
Z in formulai: the i-th moment measured the height coordinate value in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Zi-1: the (i-1)-th moment measured the height coordinate value in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint.
By the relative elevation difference f in each section of measurementhiIt is cumulative to obtain fh, such as the accumulated value f in table 1h=1mm, then with
The measurement of higher degree of corresponding concrete engineering requires error to compare, and (this time measurement error is required referring in June, 2016 Southeast China University
The requirement of " the closed leveling line measurement of higher degree method " in " civil engineering surveying " is published, required value is according to being calculated as fH holds
=± 25.9mm), it is clear that the measurement of this closed path meets required precision, completes road surface A to be measured at this time11-B11Measurement.
As shown in fig. 7, moving the position O that automatic total instruments set up point2, road surface A to be measured can be measured21-B21It drafts
The coordinate position of each measuring point on route.According to measurement road surface A to be measured11-B11Same method, road surface A to be measured to second segment21-
B21It is completed according to the route drafted and measures work, and the data of each measuring point are as shown in table 2.
Table 2
Step 5: in section A to be measured11-B11、A21-B21Under the premise of meeting required precision, two measuring sections will be tested
In the process, prism is pointing directly in the straight line line motion process of terminal from starting point (i.e. from A along each section of measuring section11Directly refer to
To B11Linear motion, from A21It is pointing directly at B21Linear motion) computer acquisition prism midpoint three-dimensional coordinate all sieve
It elects, then the height coordinate at the prism midpoint screened is modified.Due to going out with reference in June, 2016 Southeast China University
The counted amendment number of method meter of " calculating of closed leveling line measurement of higher degree achievement " is especially small (remote in version " civil engineering surveying "
Less than number in millimeters), so the secondary height coordinate that can need not correct each measuring point in closed path.
Step 6: it is opposite poor with the relative elevation on previous moment test ground to calculate later moment in time actual measurement ground according to the following formula
hi,
hi=(Li-Z′i)-(Li-1-Z′i-1) (3)
Z ' in formulai: the height coordinate value after the amendment of the i-th moment in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Z′i-1: the height coordinate value after the amendment of the (i-1)-th moment in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Li: the distance on road surface to be measured is arrived at corresponding i-th moment laser range finder Laser emission；
Li-1: the distance on road surface to be measured is arrived at corresponding (i-1)-th moment laser range finder Laser emission；
Its specific value being calculated is as shown in table 1,2.According to the depth displacement h at two moment of front and backi, its road can be drawn
The fluctuating situation in face reacts the flatness situation on road surface to be measured.For example, it is assumed that A11Height where measuring point is the zero i.e. A in formula face11
The height of measuring point is 0, according to T thereafter immediately102Measuring point and A11The path difference h of measuring pointi=-0.001m can draw T102Measuring point
In A11The fluctuating feelings on road surface are carried out in position below measuring point at 0.001m, the position for similarly drawing the test segment other each measuring points
Condition.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of surface evenness refines method for fast measuring, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
Step 1: preparing measuring device:
The measuring device includes computer, the automatic total instruments connecting with computer radio, between left and right every setting and structure
Identical first support, second support and installation target apparatus between two supports, and the first support and the
Two brackets include a horizonal base plate, the bottom for the vertical stringer being arranged along the vertical direction and the horizonal base plate middle part
Divide and be threadedly coupled, a groove is provided among the top surface of the vertical stringer, in the vertical stringer close to the groove
On be provided with lacing hole in the horizontal direction, a wire rope handling fixed ring is welded on the vertical stringer above the lacing hole,
The pulley for changing direction, the rotary shaft of the pulley are installed on the vertical stringer of the second support by support rod
Line is identical as the axis height of lacing hole, is equipped with electric motor on the horizonal base plate of the second support；
The target apparatus includes prism bar, 360 ° of prisms has been connected through a screw thread at the top of the prism bar, described
Prism bar in the middle part of the integrated manipulator of laser range finder is installed, and be equipped in bottom end and pass through data line with integrated manipulator
Connected laser range finder, the integrated manipulator receive the data read command that computer issues, and acquire by laser ranging
The distance on road surface is arrived at the Laser emission of instrument, the three-dimensional of 360 ° of prism midpoints of computer synchronous acquisition automatic total instruments output is sat
Data are marked, are fixed with link on the top of the prism；
Step 2: straight line road surface to be measured is continuously divided by N number of measuring section according to the maximum measurement range of automatic total instruments, it is previous
The terminal of measuring section is the starting point of next measuring section, then in each measuring section setting by multiple measurement subsegments successively phase from beginning to end
The closure test route of composition is connect, includes to be pointing directly at from the starting point of the measuring section in multiple measurement subsegments of each measuring section
The linear of the terminal of the measuring section measures subsegment；
Step 3: front and back successively surveys the surface evenness of each measuring section according to closed leveling line elevation test method
Amount carries out error analysis to the closed leveling line measurement of higher degree result of this section after the test of each measuring section surface evenness；
If this section of measurement of higher degree error result in the error range of setting, carries out next measuring section measuring flatness of road surface；Otherwise
It readjusts automatic total instruments to re-measure the road surface of this section according to closed leveling line elevation test method, be set until meeting
Until fixed error requirements；
The measurement process of closed leveling line height difference test method is wherein used to the surface evenness of each measuring section are as follows:
Before (1a) successively measures each measurement subsegment of each measuring section, on the inside of the horizonal base plate of the first support
Right above the measurement starting point that endpoint is placed in the measurement starting point of first measurement subsegment and prism measures subsegment at first, second
Bracket is located within the maximum measurement distance of total station used and endpoint is placed in first on the inside of the horizonal base plate of second support
On the measurement terminal for measuring subsegment；
(1b) two brackets are arranged behind setting position according to step (1a), are attached to measuring device, connection type are as follows:
First rope one end is fixed in the wire rope handling fixed ring of first support, and first rope other end is against
One rack groove bottom wall, across link, against second support groove bottom wall, the last first rope other end is fixed on second support
Wire rope handling fixed ring on；
Second rope one end is fixed in electric motor shaft and the other end successively bypasses pulley in second support, wears
The lacing hole in second support is crossed, is fixed on 360 ° of prisms and prism bar threaded connection place in the horizontal direction；
Automatic total instruments are erected on the outside of test road in any position by (1c), the wireless signal that automatic total instruments pass through transmitting
It is connect with computer；
(1d) opens electric motor, adjusts electric motor frequency and always with fixed frequency drawstring, makes 360 ° of prisms along first
At the uniform velocity advance in a measurement subsegment direction；Using 360 ° of prisms of total station locating and tracking are automatically tracked, computer is adopted according to setting
The acquisition of collection data time interval automatically tracks the three-dimensional coordinate at the prism midpoint of total station output, and synchronous obtain of computer is swashed
The moment that optar measures by laser range finder Laser emission to road surface to be measured distance L1, it is somebody's turn to do when 360 ° of prisms reach
When measuring the measurement terminal of subsegment, stop electric motor and the acquisition of laser range finder data, the three-dimensional of the prism midpoint is sat
Mark is the coordinate in the case where automatically tracking total station instrument coordinate system；
First support is placed on next measurement subsegment starting point according to step (1a) by (1e), and second support is placed on next measurement
Subsegment terminal, then repeatedly step (1d)；
(1f) repeats the measurement that step (1e) completes each measurement subsegment of each measuring section；
The step of wherein carrying out error analysis to the measurement result of each measuring section is as follows:
(2a) seeks latter in the closure test route motion process that 360 ° of prisms are set along each measuring section according to formula (1)
The height coordinate at height coordinate 360 ° of prism midpoints corresponding with previous moment at moment corresponding 360 ° of prism midpoints it is opposite
Elevation difference fhi
fhi=Zi-Zi-1 (1)
Z in formulai: the i-th moment measured the height coordinate value in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Zi-1: the (i-1)-th moment measured the height coordinate value in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
(2b) adds up all relative elevation differences being calculated in the test section, then with the corresponding concrete engineering measurement of higher degree
It is required that error compare；
Step 4: prism is pointing directly at terminal from starting point along this section by measuring section test process each in step 3 (1d)
In straight line line motion process the three-dimensional coordinate at the prism midpoint of computer acquisition all screens, and then will screen
Whole coordinates are modified the height coordinate in three-dimensional coordinate using closed leveling line height difference test method, after obtaining amendment
The three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Step 5: it is opposite poor with the relative elevation on previous moment test ground to calculate later moment in time actual measurement ground according to formula (2)
hi,
hi=(Li-Z′i)-(Li-1-Z′i-1) (2)
Z ' in formulai: the height coordinate value after the amendment of the i-th moment in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Z′i-1: the height coordinate value after the amendment of the (i-1)-th moment in the three-dimensional coordinate at prism midpoint；
Li: the distance on road surface to be measured is arrived at corresponding i-th moment laser range finder Laser emission；
Li-1: the distance on road surface to be measured is arrived at corresponding (i-1)-th moment laser range finder Laser emission；
Step 6: according to the depth displacement h of calculatingiDetermine surface evenness.
2. surface evenness according to claim 1 refines method for fast measuring, it is characterised in that: an inclined support structure
Both ends be separately fixed on vertical stringer and horizonal base plate.
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| CN112127245A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-25 | 中国民航大学 | Dragging type road surface flatness measuring method |
| CN113538383A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-22 | 长安大学 | Synchronous chip seal spalling identification method based on three-dimensional laser |
| CN114719831A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-08 | 中冶天工集团天津有限公司 | Method for measuring flatness of large-scale component on inclined plane |
| CN118583112A (en) * | 2024-06-24 | 2024-09-03 | 中国国检测试控股集团股份有限公司 | Ground profile detection method and equipment |
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| CN112127245A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-25 | 中国民航大学 | Dragging type road surface flatness measuring method |
| CN113538383A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-22 | 长安大学 | Synchronous chip seal spalling identification method based on three-dimensional laser |
| CN114719831A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-08 | 中冶天工集团天津有限公司 | Method for measuring flatness of large-scale component on inclined plane |
| CN118583112A (en) * | 2024-06-24 | 2024-09-03 | 中国国检测试控股集团股份有限公司 | Ground profile detection method and equipment |
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