CN108903044B

CN108903044B - Flue-cured tobacco management and baking method for relieving gray tobacco based on betaine application

Info

Publication number: CN108903044B
Application number: CN201811053070.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邹聪明; 李焱; 蔺忠龙; 黄维; 沈俊儒; 蔡永豪; 李军营; 宋鹏飞; 陈颐; 赵高坤; 杨春江; 李天福; 杨雪彪; 张晓海; 苏家恩; 王涛; 郑志云; 和健森; 任可
Original assignee: Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2018-09-10
Filing date: 2018-09-10
Publication date: 2020-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2038-09-10
Also published as: CN108903044A

Abstract

The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco management and baking method for relieving gray tobacco based on betaine application, which comprises the following steps: 1) identifying the gray grade of the tobacco leaves and spraying the tobacco leaves for one time: identifying the grey tobacco grade of the tobacco plant with the grey tobacco, and classifying the disease degree of the grey flue-cured tobacco into 6 grades; spraying for one time according to the grey smoke level; 2) and (3) carrying out secondary identification and secondary spraying on gray level: and (3) performing gray tobacco grade identification on tobacco plants 10-20 days after the first spraying, and performing secondary spraying according to the gray tobacco grade until the gray tobacco grade does not exceed grade 2. According to the method, the gray smoke in the field is effectively relieved by determining the ash hanging grade of the damaged tobacco field and applying the betaine. The method can effectively improve the health degree of the field tobacco leaves and the grade of the cured tobacco leaves, and provides theoretical and technical support for preventing and controlling the field gray tobacco.

Description

Flue-cured tobacco management and baking method for relieving gray tobacco based on betaine application

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco cultivation, and particularly relates to a flue-cured tobacco management and baking method for relieving gray tobacco based on betaine application.

Background

In 2017, the planting area of flue-cured tobacco in China reaches 1482.2 ten thousand mu, which accounts for more than 20% of the total amount of the world, and income of interest and tax of flue-cured tobacco planting is a main economic source for some provincial and financial governments and tobacco growers in China. The latest data shows that the national tobacco tax in 2017 is 11145.1 billion yuan, which accounts for about 7% of the national annual profit tax, so the planting quality and quality of the flue-cured tobacco variety directly influence the economic income of tobacco growers and the national financial tax. In actual production and planting of flue-cured tobacco, the gray tobacco of the flue-cured tobacco, namely the field ash-hanging tobacco, often appears due to the influence of comprehensive factors such as soil texture, specific ion content, soil pH, soil water content and weather conditions.

The grey tobacco refers to the tobacco with grey or dark brown fine spots of different sizes on the leaf surface after baking, wherein the black spots with the size of a needle point appear on the leaf surface under the stress influence of external factors, the leaf surface sheet becomes thick and rough, the leaf surface sheet becomes dark green and is bronze-colored, the tissue is stiff, and the grey or dark brown fine spots appear on the leaf surface after baking. The tobacco leaves are seriously coated with ash after being baked, have weak combustion force, peculiar smell, poor quality of aroma, less amount of aroma, enhanced irritation and reduced quality.

Betaine (Betaine) is a water-soluble alkaloid widely present in plants, animals and microorganisms. Betaine is a very important nontoxic osmoregulation substance in higher plants, is mainly distributed in cytoplasm and chloroplast, can stabilize the structure and function of biomacromolecules, and can reduce the damage of osmotic dehydration to the structure and function of cell membranes, enzymes and proteins under adverse conditions, thereby improving the resistance of plants to various stress factors. At present, researches on the influence of betaine on plants mainly focus on stress resistance aspects such as drought, low temperature and high salt, but no research report on the prevention and the relief of the betaine on field gray tobacco is found.

At present, the control of the field gray tobacco mainly focuses on field cultivation management measures such as high-soil-moisture ridging, lime spreading, film uncovering ridging and the like and cultivation of disease-resistant varieties, so that time and labor are wasted, and the relieving effect is not obvious. Betaine, as an osmoregulation substance, is not only naturally occurring but also inexpensive. The damaged plant leaves are sprayed with the betaine aqueous solution with a certain concentration, so that the betaine aqueous solution can be quickly absorbed by the leaves, and the further spread of the gray tobacco disease in the field can be quickly relieved and inhibited.

Therefore, the development of a flue-cured tobacco management and curing method for alleviating grey smoke based on betaine application is a key point for solving the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problem of gray tobacco in the field tobacco production process, the invention aims to provide a flue-cured tobacco management method for relieving gray tobacco based on betaine application, and aims to provide a flue-cured tobacco baking method for relieving gray tobacco based on betaine application.

The first object of the present invention is achieved by comprising the steps of:

1) identifying the gray grade of the tobacco leaves and spraying the tobacco leaves for one time: carrying out grade identification on tobacco plants generating gray tobacco, and dividing the disease degree of the gray tobacco into six grades as follows:

level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;

level 1: the main vein or branch vein is sporadically distributed with gray black spots, and the area of the main vein or branch vein is not more than 5 percent of the area of the leaf;

and 2, stage: the gray black spots account for 5-15% of the leaf area;

and 3, level: the gray black spots account for 15-30% of the leaf area;

4, level: the gray black spots account for 30-45% of the leaf area;

and 5, stage: the gray and black spots account for more than 45% of the leaf area;

and 6, level: the gray black spots account for more than 45% of the area of the leaves, and the petioles have the gray black spots and spread to the stalks;

when the grade of tobacco plants generating gray tobacco is identified,

when the grey smoke level is 2-3, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 3-6 mmol.L-1;

when the grey smoke level is 4, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 8-12 mmol.L-1;

when the grey smoke grade is 5-6 grade, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 12-15 mmol.L-1;

auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.5-2%;

2) and (3) carrying out secondary identification and secondary spraying on the gray grade of the tobacco leaves: performing gray grade identification on tobacco plants 10-20 days after the primary spraying, and when the gray tobacco grade does not exceed the grade 2, performing secondary spraying;

when the grey smoke grade is 2-3 grade, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 2-5 mmol.L-1;

when the grey smoke level is 4-5, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 6-10 mmol.L-1;

auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.5-2%;

and (5) when the grey smoke grade does not exceed grade 2.

The second purpose of the invention is realized by that the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is K326, the part is the tobacco leaves at the middle upper part, the air flow descending type bulk curing barn (if the air flow ascending type is used, the high and low temperature layers are exchanged once), the baking process mainly comprises the steps of gradually stabilizing the temperature and reducing the humidity before fixing the color, and the specific baking operation is as follows:

A. and (3) yellowing stage: setting the dry bulb temperature to be 35-38 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature to be 35-36 ℃ in the early yellowing stage, and gradually reducing the wet bulb temperature by 1-2 ℃ if the tobacco leaves have too much moisture; when the tobacco leaves on the bottom table become yellow by 5-6 and half of main ribs of the leaves become soft, baking for 36-44 hours at a heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2 hours, raising the temperature of dry balls from 35-38 ℃ to 42-43 ℃, raising the temperature of wet balls from 35-36 ℃ to 36-37 ℃, adjusting a dehumidifying fan to a high speed after the temperature of the dry balls rises to 43 ℃, so that the wind speed between the tobacco leaves in a baking room should reach 0.3-0.4 m/s in a high wind speed layer, the wind speed should reach 0.25-0.35 m/s in an intermediate wind speed layer, the wind speed should reach 0.2-0.3 m/s in a low wind speed layer, and the baking time is 18-24 hours;

B. a color fixing stage: stabilizing the dry bulb temperature at 45 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature at 36-37 ℃ at the initial fixing stage, enabling the tobacco leaves to be yellow to be full-furnace yellow, accelerating moisture discharge, when the yellow branches of two tobacco leaves are white to 5, obviously accelerating the whitening speed of the yellow branches, and baking for 20-24h, and simultaneously increasing the dry bulb temperature from 45 ℃ to 46-48 ℃ at the heating speed of 1 ℃/1-2 h, keeping the wet bulb temperature unchanged, and prolonging the baking time until the tobacco leaves in a full-curing barn are wound into a large reel, so that the fixing is completed, and the baking time is 18-20 h;

C. and (3) a tendon drying stage: the tobacco leaves are baked by adopting dry and wet bulb temperatures and the wind speed of a moisture exhaust fan in the stem drying stage of the conventional tobacco leaf baking process until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole baking room are dried, and the baking time in the stage is 34-40 h.

The second purpose of the invention can also be realized by that the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is safflower Dajinyuan, the part is the tobacco leaf at the middle upper part, the air flow falls down type bulk curing barn (if the air flow rises up, the high and low temperature layers are replaced once), the baking process mainly comprises the step-by-step temperature stabilization and humidity reduction before the fixation, and the specific baking operation is as follows:

A. and (3) yellowing stage: setting the dry bulb temperature to be 35-38 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature to be 35-36.5 ℃ in the early yellowing stage, and gradually reducing the wet bulb temperature by 1-2 ℃ if the tobacco leaves have too much moisture; when the tobacco leaves on the bottom table become yellow by 5-6 and half of main ribs of the leaves become soft, baking for 46-54h at a heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2 h, raising the temperature of dry balls from 35-38 ℃ to 42-43 ℃, raising the temperature of wet balls from 35-36 ℃ to 36-37 ℃, adjusting a dehumidifying fan to a high speed after the temperature of the dry balls rises to 43 ℃, so that the wind speed between the tobacco leaves in a baking room should reach 0.3-0.4 m/s in a high wind speed layer, the wind speed should reach 0.25-0.35 m/s in an intermediate wind speed layer, the wind speed should reach 0.2-0.3 m/s in a low wind speed layer, and the baking time is 28-34 h;

B. a color fixing stage: stabilizing the dry bulb temperature at 45 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature at 36-37 ℃ at the initial fixing stage, enabling the tobacco leaves to be continuously yellow to be full-furnace yellow, and simultaneously accelerating moisture removal, when the branches of the two tobacco leaves are whitened to 6-7 days, obviously accelerating the branch whitening speed, and enabling the baking time to be 25-30h, then increasing the dry bulb temperature from 45 ℃ to 46-48 ℃ at the heating speed of 1 ℃/2h, keeping the wet bulb temperature unchanged, and prolonging the baking time until the full-curing room tobacco leaves are wound into large rolls to finish fixing, wherein the baking time is 23-25 h;

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the method, through determination of ash hanging grade of the damaged tobacco field, betaine application, auxiliary adjustment of soil pH and the like, the generation of field gray smoke is effectively relieved, and the problem of field gray smoke caused by factors such as overhigh soil water content and overhigh specific ion concentration in the field is solved. The method can effectively improve the health degree of the field tobacco leaves and the grade of the cured tobacco leaves, and provides theoretical and technical support for preventing and controlling the field gray tobacco.

2. The field operation is convenient. The method has the advantages of simple operation and low cost aiming at the field tobacco leaf ash hanging injury. The betaine is prepared into aqueous solution with corresponding concentration to be sprayed on the leaves in the field. In addition, the invention adopts the tx-10 auxiliary agent to prepare the betaine solution, the betaine solution is uniformly mixed and sprayed, the absorption of tobacco plants is promoted, and the auxiliary agent has the function of removing static electricity besides emulsification.

3. No pesticide residue. According to the invention, betaine with a certain concentration is sprayed, is separated and extracted from plants, generally exists in animals and plants, and is an intermediate product of nutrition metabolism, so that the spraying of the betaine does not cause secondary pollution to the plants and soil, and compared with other chemical agents, the method is an environment-friendly and eco-friendly gray smoke relieving method.

4. The technical cost is low. Compared with other chemical methods (breeding disease-resistant varieties, fumigating soil, high-soil-moisture hilling and spreading lime), the method for spraying the betaine is economical and applicable to large-area popularization.

5. The relieving effect is obvious. By adopting the method of the invention on plants with gray tobacco in the field, the plant height and the alleviation condition of the plants are obviously improved. After 15 days of comparison treatment, blue-black spots appear on the plant leaves of the field gray tobacco which are not sprayed with betaine, and the main veins and the veins of the initial lower leaves spread to the whole leaves and the upper leaves, so that the relative conductivity of the leaves is obviously increased compared with the normal leaves; and the blue-black spots of the leaves of the diseased plants treated by spraying the betaine are obviously controlled, the relative conductivity of the leaves is reduced, the maximum reduction amplitude reaches 19.71 percent, and the plants show stronger resistance and grow vigorously.

6. The quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is improved. Compared with the roasted leaves with field gray tobacco, the quality of the damaged tobacco leaves can be obviously improved after the betaine is sprayed, and the economic indexes such as yield, average price, first-class tobacco proportion and the like of the damaged tobacco leaves are greatly improved.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco management method for alleviating grey smoke based on betaine application, which comprises the following steps:

level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;

and 2, stage: the gray black spots account for 5-15% of the leaf area;

and 3, level: the gray black spots account for 15-30% of the leaf area;

4, level: the gray black spots account for 30-45% of the leaf area;

when the grade of tobacco plants generating gray tobacco is identified,

auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃A solution with a concentration of 1.5-2%;

and (5) when the grey smoke grade does not exceed grade 2.

Further, the betaine solution is an aqueous solution of betaine.

Further, the preparation method of the betaine solution comprises the steps of adding betaine into a tx-10 auxiliary agent with the concentration of 60-100 mg/L to prepare the betaine solution with the corresponding concentration, and uniformly mixing for later use.

Further, the method for identifying the gray smoke grade is an investigation method in tobacco pest and disease damage grading and investigation method (GB/T23222-2008), namely the identification is carried out by adopting an investigation method in national standard.

Further, the spraying method of the betaine solution is to spray the tobacco leaves of damaged tobacco plants of different grades at 9-11 am every day, preferably to uniformly wet the leaves, and to spray the solution once every 2 days for 1-2 weeks.

Further, the invention also comprises the step (3) of assisting in adjusting the pH value of the soil:

A. determination of soil pH: 10-20 days after the secondary spraying, collecting a soil sample of 1-20cm at the rhizosphere of the damaged plant, and removing cobblestones and patrinia scabiosaefolia link; crushing, spreading into thin layer, and oven drying at 70-75 deg.C; crushing the dried soil sample by using an organic glass rod, and sieving the crushed soil sample by using a nylon sieve with the aperture of 2mm to remove gravel and biological residues; sieving the undersize sample according to a quartering method, then placing the undersize sample in an agate mortar for levigating, sieving the undersize sample by a nylon sieve of 200 meshes, then weighing the soil sample after sieving the nylon sieve by an analytical balance, placing the soil sample in a dry beaker, adding distilled water according to the water-soil ratio of 5:1, stirring until the soil particles are uniformly dispersed, placing the soil sample until the soil particles are clarified, and then measuring the soil sample by a pH meter to obtain the pH value of the soil;

B. auxiliary adjustment of soil pH: applying hydrated lime Ca (OH) to the roots of the damaged plants₂And 8-10% water solution, wherein the application method comprises drilling a hole with a depth of 20cm near tobacco plant rhizome 5cm for irrigation, the irrigation amount is 2L, adjusting the pH of the soil, and adjusting the pH of the soil to 6-7.5.

The flue-cured tobacco curing method for releasing gray tobacco based on betaine application, provided by the invention, is characterized in that the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is K326, the part of the flue-cured tobacco is middle-upper tobacco leaves, and the air flow descending type bulk curing barn (if the air flow ascending type and the high-low temperature layer are changed once), the curing process mainly comprises the step-by-step temperature stabilization and humidity reduction before the fixation, and the specific operation is as follows:

The invention relates to a flue-cured tobacco baking method for alleviating grey tobacco based on betaine application, wherein the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is Honghua Dajinyuan, the part of the flue-cured tobacco is a tobacco leaf at the middle upper part, and the air flow descending type bulk curing barn (if the air flow ascending type, the high-low temperature layer is exchanged once), the baking process mainly comprises the step-by-step stable temperature and humidity reduction before the color fixing, and the specific operation is as follows:

Example 1

A flue-cured tobacco management method for alleviating grey smoke based on betaine application comprises the following steps:

level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;

and 2, stage: the gray black spots account for 5-15% of the leaf area;

and 3, level: the gray black spots account for 15-30% of the leaf area;

4, level: the gray black spots account for 30-45% of the leaf area;

when the grade of tobacco plants generating gray tobacco is identified,

when the gray smoke level is 2-3, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 3 mmol.L^-1；

When the grey smoke grade is 4 grade, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 8 mmol.L^-1；

When the gray smoke level is 5-6, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 12 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.5%;

2) and (3) carrying out secondary identification and secondary spraying on the gray grade of the tobacco leaves: performing gray grade identification on tobacco plants 10 days after the primary spraying, and when the gray tobacco grade does not exceed 2 grades, performing secondary spraying;

when the gray smoke level is 2-3, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 2 mmol.L^-1；

When the gray smoke level is 4-5, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 6 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.5%;

and (5) when the grey smoke grade does not exceed grade 2.

The betaine solution is an aqueous solution of betaine, and the preparation method of the betaine solution is to add the betaine into a tx-10 auxiliary agent with the concentration of 60mg/L to prepare the betaine solution with the corresponding concentration, and uniformly mix the betaine solution for later use. The gray smoke grade identification method is an investigation method in tobacco pest and disease damage grading and investigation method (GB/T23222-2008). The spraying method of the betaine solution is to spray the tobacco leaves of damaged tobacco plants of different grades at 9 am every day, preferably to uniformly wet the leaves, and to spray the solution once every 2 days for 1 week continuously.

Example 2

level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;

and 2, stage: the gray black spots account for 5-15% of the leaf area;

and 3, level: the gray black spots account for 15-30% of the leaf area;

4, level: the gray black spots account for 30-45% of the leaf area;

when the grade of tobacco plants generating gray tobacco is identified,

when the gray smoke level is 2-3, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 6 mmol.L^-1；

When the grey smoke grade is 4 grade, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 12 mmol.L^-1；

When the gray smoke level is 5-6, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 15 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.6%;

2) and (3) carrying out secondary identification and secondary spraying on the gray grade of the tobacco leaves: performing gray grade identification on tobacco plants 20 days after the primary spraying, and when the gray tobacco grade does not exceed 2 grades, performing secondary spraying;

when the gray smoke level is 2-3, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 5 mmol.L^-1；

When the gray smoke level is 4-5, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 10 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.6%;

and (5) when the grey smoke grade does not exceed grade 2.

The betaine solution is an aqueous solution of betaine, and the preparation method of the betaine solution is to add the betaine into a tx-10 auxiliary agent with the concentration of 100mg/L to prepare the betaine solution with the corresponding concentration, and uniformly mix the betaine solution for later use. The gray smoke grade identification method is an investigation method in tobacco pest and disease damage grading and investigation method (GB/T23222-2008). The spraying method of the betaine solution is to spray the tobacco leaves of damaged tobacco plants of different grades at 11 am every day, preferably to uniformly wet the leaves, and to spray the solution once every 2 days for 2 weeks.

Example 3

level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;

and 2, stage: the gray black spots account for 5-15% of the leaf area;

and 3, level: the gray black spots account for 15-30% of the leaf area;

4, level: the gray black spots account for 30-45% of the leaf area;

when the grade of tobacco plants generating gray tobacco is identified,

when the gray smoke level is 2-3, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 4 mmol.L^-1；

When the gray smoke level is 4, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 9 mmol.L^-1；

When the gray smoke level is 5-6, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 13 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.7%;

2) and (3) carrying out secondary identification and secondary spraying on the gray grade of the tobacco leaves: performing gray grade identification on tobacco plants 12 days after the primary spraying, and when the gray tobacco grade does not exceed 2 grades, performing secondary spraying;

Spraying betaine solution when the gray smoke level is 4-5The concentration of the applied solution is 7 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.7%;

when the grey smoke grade does not exceed grade 2, the method is carried out;

3) auxiliary adjustment of soil pH:

A. determination of soil pH: 10 days after the second spraying, collecting a soil sample of 1cm at the rhizosphere of the damaged plant, and removing cobblestones and patrinia scabiosaefolia link; crushing, spreading into thin layer, and oven drying at 70 deg.C; crushing the dried soil sample by using an organic glass rod, and sieving the crushed soil sample by using a nylon sieve with the aperture of 2mm to remove gravel and biological residues; sieving the undersize sample according to a quartering method, then placing the undersize sample in an agate mortar for levigating, sieving the undersize sample by a nylon sieve of 200 meshes, then weighing the soil sample after sieving the nylon sieve by an analytical balance, placing the soil sample in a dry beaker, adding distilled water according to the water-soil ratio of 5:1, stirring until the soil particles are uniformly dispersed, placing the soil sample until the soil particles are clarified, and then measuring the soil sample by a pH meter to obtain the pH value of the soil;

B. auxiliary adjustment of soil pH: applying hydrated lime Ca (OH) to the roots of the damaged plants₂And 8% of water solution, wherein the application method comprises the steps of drilling a hole with the depth of 20cm from the tobacco plant rhizome 5cm for irrigation, the irrigation amount is 2L, the pH value of the soil is adjusted, and the pH value of the soil is adjusted to 6.

The betaine solution is an aqueous solution of betaine, and the preparation method of the betaine solution is to add the betaine into a tx-10 auxiliary agent with the concentration of 70mg/L to prepare the betaine solution with the corresponding concentration, and uniformly mix the betaine solution for later use. The gray smoke grade identification method is an investigation method in tobacco pest and disease damage grading and investigation method (GB/T23222-2008). The spraying method of the betaine solution is to spray the tobacco leaves of damaged tobacco plants of different grades at 10 am every day, preferably to uniformly wet the leaves, and to spray the solution once every 2 days for 1 week continuously.

The flue-cured tobacco curing method for relieving gray tobacco based on betaine application is characterized in that the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is K326, the part of the flue-cured tobacco is middle-upper tobacco leaves, and the curing process mainly comprises the steps of gradually stabilizing temperature and reducing humidity before fixing color, and specifically comprises the following operations:

A. and (3) yellowing stage: setting the dry bulb temperature to be 35 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature to be 35 ℃ at the early stage of yellowing; when the tobacco leaves on the bottom table become yellow by 5-6 and half of main ribs of the leaves become soft, baking for 36 hours at a heating rate of 1 ℃/1 hour, raising the temperature of dry balls from 35 ℃ to 42 ℃, raising the temperature of wet balls from 35 ℃ to 36 ℃, adjusting a dehumidifying fan to a high speed after the temperature of the dry balls rises to 43 ℃, so that the wind speed between the tobacco leaves in a baking room reaches 0.3m/s in a high wind speed layer, 0.25m/s in an intermediate wind speed layer, 0.2m/s in a low wind speed layer, and 18 hours;

B. a color fixing stage: stabilizing the dry bulb temperature at 45 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature at 36 ℃ at the initial stage of fixing color, enabling the tobacco leaves to be yellow to be full-furnace yellow continuously, accelerating moisture discharge, when the yellowing branch veins of the two tobacco leaves are white to 5, obviously accelerating the whitening speed of the yellowing branch veins, and enabling the baking time to be 20h, and simultaneously increasing the dry bulb temperature from 45 ℃ to 46 ℃ at the heating speed of 1 ℃/1h, keeping the wet bulb temperature unchanged, and prolonging the baking time until a full-curing room tobacco leaf large reel finishes fixing color, wherein the baking time is 18 h;

C. and (3) a tendon drying stage: the tobacco leaves are baked by adopting dry and wet bulb temperatures and the wind speed of a moisture exhaust fan in the stem drying stage of the conventional tobacco leaf baking process until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried, and the baking time in the stage is 34 h.

Example 4

level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;

and 2, stage: the gray black spots account for 5-15% of the leaf area;

and 3, level: the gray black spots account for 15-30% of the leaf area;

4, level: the gray black spots account for 30-45% of the leaf area;

when the grade of tobacco plants generating gray tobacco is identified,

When the grey smoke grade is 4 grade, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 10 mmol.L^-1；

When the gray smoke grade is 5-6 grade, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 14 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.8%;

2) and (3) carrying out secondary identification and secondary spraying on the gray grade of the tobacco leaves: performing gray grade identification on tobacco plants 14 days after the primary spraying, and when the gray tobacco grade does not exceed grade 2, performing secondary spraying;

When the gray smoke level is 4-5, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 8 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.8%;

when the grey smoke grade does not exceed grade 2, the method is carried out;

3) auxiliary adjustment of soil pH:

A. determination of soil pH: 20 days after the secondary spraying, collecting a soil sample of 20cm at the rhizosphere of the damaged plant, and removing cobblestones and patrinia scabiosaefolia link; then crushing and spreading the mixture into a thin layer, and drying the thin layer at 75 ℃; crushing the dried soil sample by using an organic glass rod, and sieving the crushed soil sample by using a nylon sieve with the aperture of 2mm to remove gravel and biological residues; sieving the undersize sample according to a quartering method, then placing the undersize sample in an agate mortar for levigating, sieving the undersize sample by a nylon sieve of 200 meshes, then weighing the soil sample after sieving the nylon sieve by an analytical balance, placing the soil sample in a dry beaker, adding distilled water according to the water-soil ratio of 5:1, stirring until the soil particles are uniformly dispersed, placing the soil sample until the soil particles are clarified, and then measuring the soil sample by a pH meter to obtain the pH value of the soil;

B. auxiliary adjustment of soil pH: applying hydrated lime Ca (OH) to the roots of the damaged plants₂And (3) applying a 10% aqueous solution, namely, punching a hole with the depth of 20cm from the tobacco plant rhizome of 5cm for irrigation, wherein the irrigation quantity is 2L, adjusting the pH of the soil, and adjusting the pH of the soil to 7.5.

The betaine solution is an aqueous solution of betaine, and the preparation method of the betaine solution is to add the betaine into a tx-10 auxiliary agent with the concentration of 80mg/L to prepare the betaine solution with the corresponding concentration, and uniformly mix the betaine solution for later use. The gray smoke grade identification method is an investigation method in tobacco pest and disease damage grading and investigation method (GB/T23222-2008). The spraying method of the betaine solution is to spray the tobacco leaves of damaged tobacco plants of different grades at 9 am every day, preferably to uniformly wet the leaves, and to spray the solution once every 2 days for 1 week continuously.

The baking method of the flue-cured tobacco for relieving the gray tobacco based on the betaine application is characterized in that the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is Honghua Dajinyuan, the part of the flue-cured tobacco is middle and upper tobacco leaves, and the flue-cured tobacco is a flow-down type bulk curing barn, the baking process mainly comprises the steps of gradually stabilizing temperature and reducing humidity before fixing color, and the specific operation is as follows:

A. and (3) yellowing stage: setting the dry bulb temperature to be 35 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature to be 35 ℃ at the early yellowing stage, and gradually reducing the wet bulb temperature by 1 ℃ if the tobacco leaves have too much moisture; when the tobacco leaves on the bottom table become yellow 5 and half of main ribs of the leaves become soft, the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/1h is used, the baking time is 46h, the temperature of dry balls is increased from 35 ℃ to 42 ℃, the temperature of wet balls is increased from 35 ℃ to 36 ℃, after the temperature of dry balls is increased to 43 ℃, the humidity exhaust fan is adjusted to high speed, the wind speed among the tobacco leaves in the baking room is 0.3m/s in a high wind speed layer, 0.25m/s in an intermediate wind speed layer, 0.2m/s in a low wind speed layer, and the baking time is 28 h;

B. a color fixing stage: stabilizing the dry bulb temperature at 45 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature at 36 ℃ at the initial fixing stage, enabling the tobacco leaves to be continuously yellow to be full-furnace yellow, and accelerating moisture discharge, when the branches of the two tobacco leaves are whitened to 6 days, obviously accelerating the branch whitening speed, wherein the baking time is 25h, then increasing the dry bulb temperature from 45 ℃ to 46 ℃ at the heating speed of 1 ℃/2h, keeping the wet bulb temperature unchanged, and prolonging the baking time until the tobacco leaves in a full-baking room are wound into a large reel, so that the fixing is completed, and the baking time is 23 h;

Example 5

level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;

and 2, stage: the gray black spots account for 5-15% of the leaf area;

and 3, level: the gray black spots account for 15-30% of the leaf area;

4, level: the gray black spots account for 30-45% of the leaf area;

when the grade of tobacco plants generating gray tobacco is identified,

when the gray smoke level is 2-3, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 3.5 mmol.L^-1；

When the grey smoke level is 4, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 11 mmol.L^-1；

When the gray smoke grade is 5-6 grade, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 12.5 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.9%;

2) and (3) carrying out secondary identification and secondary spraying on the gray grade of the tobacco leaves: performing gray grade identification on tobacco plants 15 days after the primary spraying, and when the gray tobacco grade does not exceed 2 grades, performing secondary spraying;

when the gray smoke level is 2-3, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 2.5 mmol.L^-1；

When the gray smoke level is 4-5, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 9 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.9%;

and (5) when the grey smoke grade does not exceed grade 2.

The betaine solution is an aqueous solution of betaine, and the preparation method of the betaine solution is to add the betaine into a tx-10 auxiliary agent with the concentration of 90mg/L to prepare the betaine solution with the corresponding concentration, and uniformly mix the betaine solution for later use. The gray smoke grade identification method is an investigation method in tobacco pest and disease damage grading and investigation method (GB/T23222-2008). The spraying method of the betaine solution is to spray the tobacco leaves of damaged tobacco plants of different grades at 9 am every day, preferably to uniformly wet the leaves, and to spray the solution once every 2 days for 1 week continuously.

The flue-cured tobacco curing method for relieving gray tobacco based on betaine application, provided by the invention, is characterized in that the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is K326, the part of the flue-cured tobacco is middle-upper tobacco leaves, and the curing process mainly comprises the steps of gradually stabilizing temperature and reducing humidity before fixing color, and the specific operation is as follows:

A. and (3) yellowing stage: setting the dry bulb temperature to be 38 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature to be 36 ℃ in the early yellowing stage, and gradually reducing the wet bulb temperature by 2 ℃ if the tobacco leaves have too much moisture; when the tobacco leaves on the bottom table become yellow 6 and half of main ribs of the leaves become soft, the baking time is 44 hours at the heating speed of 1 ℃/2 hours, the dry bulb temperature is increased from 38 ℃ to 43 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is increased from 36 ℃ to 37 ℃, after the dry bulb temperature is increased to 43 ℃, the dehumidifying fan is adjusted to be at a high speed, the wind speed between the tobacco leaves in the baking room is 0.4m/s in a high wind speed layer, 0.35m/s in an intermediate wind speed layer, 0.3m/s in a low wind speed layer, and the baking time is 24 hours;

B. a color fixing stage: stabilizing the dry bulb temperature at 45 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature at 37 ℃ at the initial stage of fixation, enabling the tobacco leaves to be continuously yellow to be full-furnace yellow, accelerating moisture discharge, when the yellowing branch veins of the two tobacco leaves are whitened to 5 days, obviously accelerating the whitening speed of the yellowing branch veins, and enabling the baking time to be 24h, and simultaneously increasing the dry bulb temperature from 45 ℃ to 48 ℃ at the heating speed of 1 ℃/2h, keeping the wet bulb temperature unchanged, and prolonging the baking time until a full-curing room tobacco leaf large reel finishes fixation, wherein the baking time is 20 h;

C. and (3) a tendon drying stage: the tobacco leaves are baked by adopting dry and wet bulb temperatures and the wind speed of a moisture exhaust fan in the dry stem section of the conventional tobacco leaf baking process until the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn is dried, and the baking time in the stage is 40 hours.

Example 6

level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;

and 2, stage: the gray black spots account for 5-15% of the leaf area;

and 3, level: the gray black spots account for 15-30% of the leaf area;

4, level: the gray black spots account for 30-45% of the leaf area;

when the grade of tobacco plants generating gray tobacco is identified,

when the gray smoke level is 2-3, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 4.5 mmol.L^-1；

When the grey smoke grade is 4 grade, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 8.5 mmol.L^-1；

When the gray smoke grade is 5-6 grade, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 13.5mmol·L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 2%;

2) and (3) carrying out secondary identification and secondary spraying on the gray grade of the tobacco leaves: performing gray grade identification on tobacco plants 16 days after the primary spraying, and when the gray tobacco grade does not exceed the grade 2, performing secondary spraying;

When the gray smoke level is 4-5, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 6.5 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 2%;

and (5) when the grey smoke grade does not exceed grade 2.

The betaine solution is an aqueous solution of betaine, and the preparation method of the betaine solution is to add betaine into a tx-10 auxiliary agent with the concentration of 65mg/L to prepare the betaine solution with the corresponding concentration, and uniformly mix the betaine solution for later use. The gray smoke grade identification method is an investigation method in tobacco pest and disease damage grading and investigation method (GB/T23222-2008). The spraying method of the betaine solution is to spray the tobacco leaves of damaged tobacco plants of different grades at 9 am every day, preferably to uniformly wet the leaves, and to spray the solution once every 2 days for 2 weeks.

The flue-cured tobacco curing method for relieving gray tobacco based on betaine application is characterized in that the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is Honghua Dajinyuan, the part of the flue-cured tobacco is middle and upper tobacco leaves, and the flue-cured tobacco curing process mainly comprises the steps of gradually stabilizing temperature and reducing humidity before fixing color, and the specific operation is as follows:

A. and (3) yellowing stage: setting the dry bulb temperature to be 38 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature to be 36.5 ℃ in the early yellowing stage, and gradually reducing the wet bulb temperature by 2 ℃ if the tobacco leaves have too much moisture; when the tobacco leaves on the bottom table become yellow 6 and half of main ribs of the leaves become soft, the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/2h is used, the baking time is 54h, the temperature of dry balls is increased from 38 ℃ to 43 ℃, the temperature of wet balls is increased from 36 ℃ to 37 ℃, after the temperature of dry balls is increased to 43 ℃, the humidity exhaust fan is adjusted to high speed, the wind speed between the tobacco leaves in the baking room is 0.4m/s in a high wind speed layer, 0.35m/s in an intermediate wind speed layer, 0.3m/s in a low wind speed layer, and the baking time is 34 h;

B. a color fixing stage: stabilizing the dry bulb temperature at 45 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature at 37 ℃ at the initial fixing stage, enabling the tobacco leaves to be continuously yellow to be full-furnace yellow, accelerating moisture discharge, when the branches of the two tobacco leaves are white to 7, obviously accelerating the branch whitening speed, and curing for 30h, then increasing the dry bulb temperature from 45 ℃ to 48 ℃ at the heating speed of 1 ℃/2h, keeping the wet bulb temperature unchanged, and prolonging the curing time until the tobacco leaves in a full curing barn are wound into a large reel, so that the fixing is completed, and the curing time is 25 h;

Test example 1

TABLE 1 comparison of cost for various methods of controlling field Gray tobacco

Test example 2

The experiment was conducted in Longchuan river, Baoshan city, and the tobacco strain variety K326 and Honghuadajinyuan were tested. Setting 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mmol.L^-15 betaine concentrations. Selecting the victim tobacco plants of 2 grades, 3 grades, 4 grades, 5 grades and 6 grades, 5 gray scale grades, treating 30 plants each, and investigating (8 th-10 th leaves) each. Symptoms of remission were observed after 15 days for gray smoke.

In the experiment, betaine with different concentrations is sprayed on tobacco plants with the same damage level. The specific method comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mmol.L^-1The 5 betaine concentrations are respectively placed in 5 3L shoulder-back type pesticide spraying machines, and (2) the affected tobacco plants of different grades are sprayed at about 9 am every day, preferably the leaves are uniformly moistened, and the affected tobacco plants are continuously sprayed for 2 weeks. Simultaneously adding 0 mmol. L^-1Treatment (c) as a control. The affected tobacco plants treated differently were ashed again after 2 weeksAnd (5) identifying the chromaticity grade. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2-1 different betaine concentrations on K326 varieties for alleviating symptoms of field Gray Smoke

TABLE 2-2 different betaine concentrations for Red big variety field Grey Smoke relief

The results show that: after 4 different betaine concentrations are used for treating K326 and red large variety, when the gray scale is 2 and 3, 5 mmol.L^-1The betaine concentration can effectively relieve the spreading of the gray smoke symptom in the field, and when the gray scale is 4, the concentration is 10 mmol.L^-1The betaine concentration can effectively relieve the spreading of the grey tobacco symptoms in the field, and the symptoms are relieved without being obviously improved along with the increase of the betaine concentration. When the gray scale is 5, 6, 15 mmol.L^-1The betaine concentration can effectively relieve the gray smoke symptom in the field of the same grade, and the increase of the betaine concentration does not further improve the ash hanging symptom.

And (4) conclusion: according to experimental results, the spread of the gray tobacco symptoms in the field can be effectively relieved by spraying the betaine solutions with different concentrations on different damaged tobacco plants. Improving disease resistance of plants, wherein when gray scale is 2, 3, 5 mmol. L is sprayed^-1The betaine effect is most obvious; when the gray scale is 4, 10 mmol.L is sprayed^-1The betaine effect is most obvious; when the gray scale degree is 5 and 6, spraying 15 mmol.L^-1The betaine effect is most obvious.

Test example 3

TABLE 3 comparison of K326 tobacco yield and quality before and after betaine spray

As can be seen from the table: after grey tobacco occurs in the field, compared with normal tobacco leaves, the grey tobacco is obviously reduced in indexes such as yield, average price, upper smoke proportion and the like, and the grey degree of the damaged tobacco is relieved to a certain extent after the betaine is sprayed.

Test example 4 (conductivity)

The relative conductivity is an important physiological and biochemical index for reflecting the condition of a plant membrane system, when a plant is in an adversity stress state, the membrane system is easily damaged, and the relative conductivity is increased due to the exosmosis of cell sap, so that the health degree of the plant can be directly and effectively evaluated by measuring the relative conductivity of the plant.

On the basis of the experimental example 2, fresh leaves at the same leaf position are selected for each treatment of the plants subjected to the grade re-identification, the selected young leaves and mature leaves are cut off, and the young leaves and the mature leaves are packaged in a sealing bag, placed in an ice box and taken back to a laboratory. The method comprises the steps of flushing fresh leaf samples with tap water gently to remove surface contaminants, flushing with deionized water for 1-2 times, sucking water on the surfaces of the leaves with filter paper gently, weighing 0.2g of the water, cutting the leaves into filaments, placing the filaments into a 50mL test tube with a plug, adding 20mL of deionized water, immersing samples for 4 hours, enabling the immersion time and the measurement temperature of the samples to be consistent at room temperature, measuring the conductivity of the samples with a DDs-11 conductivity meter, boiling water bath for 15min, cooling to the room temperature, and measuring the total conductivity value again. The relative conductivity represents the plasma membrane permeability of the cell. The results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 influence of betaine spray on the permeability of membranes of gray tobacco cells,

The results show that: spraying 4 kinds of betaine aqueous solutions with different concentrations to field gray tobacco with different degrees, wherein the spraying concentration is 10 mmol.L when the gray degree is 2, 3 or 4^-1The betaine aqueous solution can effectively reduce the relative conductivity of the damaged leaves. And when the gray level is 5, 15 mmol.L^-1Is water soluble in betaineThe liquid can better reduce the relative conductivity of the damaged blade. When the gray level is 6, 20 mmol. multidot.L^-1The betaine aqueous solution can well reduce the relative conductivity of the damaged leaves. When the gray level is 2, 5 mmol. L is applied^-1The betaine solution is sprayed with 10 mmol.L^-1The decrease of the relative conductivity of the betaine solutions of (a) is not very different.

And (4) conclusion: the condition spread of the field gray tobacco can be effectively relieved by spraying the betaine aqueous solutions with different concentrations according to different gray tobacco degrees, and the conclusion is basically consistent with the result of example 2, so that the effect of relieving the occurrence and spread of the field gray tobacco by spraying the betaine aqueous solutions is feasible.

Test example 5

Experiments are carried out in Ganchuan of Baoshan city in Yunnan province, the concentrations of the betaine sprayed in the first and the second times are compared, field gray tobacco with gray scale grades of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is selected as a research object in the experiments, the number of repetition of each grade treatment is 30, secondary additional spraying experiments are carried out 15 days after the gray tobacco is sprayed for the first time, the spraying method is the same as that of example 2, and the spraying concentrations of the two spraying treatments and the main comparison data thereof are shown in the following table 5.

TABLE 5 comparison of ash color grade relief of damaged tobacco leaves after two betaine sprays

The results show that: the ash color degree of the damaged tobacco leaves in each grade is reduced in different degrees after the first spraying of the betaine, when the ash color degree is 4 grades and the concentration of the sprayed betaine is 10 mmol.L < -1 >, the ash color degree is reduced most obviously, and 1.27 ash color degrees are achieved. After 15 days, the second spraying of betaine has a consolidated effect on the reduction of the gray scale level, wherein when the initial gray scale level is 3, the gray scale level is reduced by 0.66 compared with the first spraying of betaine. When the damage is serious or the gray scale degree is high, the plant body is seriously damaged, so that the plant can be irreparably damaged, and the effect is not ideal.

And (4) conclusion: the gray degree of field gray smoke can be reduced by spraying the betaine for the first time, the gray degree level is averagely reduced by 1.1, the occurrence of the field gray smoke can be effectively relieved by carrying out second additional spraying of the betaine 15 days after the betaine is sprayed for the first time, and the gray degree is averagely reduced by 0.34 gray degree level compared with the first spraying. Therefore, the damage degree of the field tobacco leaves can be effectively reduced through twice spraying of the betaine, and the gray level of the field gray tobacco is reduced.

Test example 6 (auxiliary)

The auxiliary agent is an indispensable article for preparing the experimental reagent, different auxiliary agents are matched with betaine to prepare solutions with different effects, and the selection of the auxiliary agent with the best matching effect with the betaine is also the key point of the invention. Three different auxiliary agents (TX-4/TX-10/TX-15) with the concentration of 60mg/L and betaine are prepared into a betaine solvent, the betaine solvent is sprayed on damaged tobacco leaves (K326 varieties), and the effects of the different auxiliary agents are judged according to the remission degree.

The experimental selection auxiliary agents are all from Hongdu chemical engineering Co., Ltd, Guangzhou city, on the basis of example 2, three different auxiliary agents TX-4/TX-10/TX-15 are respectively prepared into betaine solutions with different concentrations from betaine, and the betaine solutions are sprayed to the three gray levels corresponding to the optimum concentrations. Spraying is continued for 1 week while the control is 0 mmol.L-1, preferably with the leaves uniformly moistened. The grey scale was re-identified after 2 weeks on tobacco leaves of different treated victim tobacco plants. The results are shown in Table 5:

TABLE 6 Effect of different adjuvants on the solution

The results show that the three auxiliary agents and the betaine are matched to prepare the solution, which has the effect of relieving cold damage, wherein the TX-10 effect is the best, and the other two effects are not very different. And (4) conclusion: TX-10 is selected as an additive of betaine solution with the most ideal effect, so that TX-10 (60 mg/L) is selected as the additive when a betaine solvent is prepared.

Test example 7 (enzyme Activity)

The enzyme activity is an important physiological index for researching the stress of plants, and the physiological order and the internal condition of the plants can be known by measuring the activity of the enzyme. Therefore, the activity of the tobacco plant stress enzymes of three damage levels is determined, after the determination, the same tobacco plant is sprayed with the betaine solution with the corresponding optimum concentration, preferably leaves are uniformly moistened, and the enzyme activity detection is carried out on tobacco leaves of different treated damage tobacco plants again after 1 week and 2 weeks. The results of the experiment are shown in table 7 below:

TABLE 7 Effect of betaine spray application on Cold-Damage Nicotianase Activity

The results show that after the glycine betaine solution with the corresponding optimum concentration is sprayed on the tobacco leaves with different damage grades, the activity of the cell enzyme tends to be increased. Wherein, when the damage grades are 1 and 2, the enzyme activity is increased but is not significant; when the damage level is more than 2, the enzyme activity is remarkably increased.

And (4) conclusion: the betaine aqueous solutions with different concentrations of betaine are sprayed according to different degrees of cold damage smoke, so that the enzyme activity can be effectively increased, and the spread of the field cold damage can be relieved, and the conclusion is consistent with the results of examples 2 and 4, so that the spraying of the betaine aqueous solutions can be feasible in effect on relieving the occurrence and spread of the field gray smoke.

Test example 8

Experiments are carried out in Jianchuan county in Dali city, the flue-cured tobacco variety is Hongda, damaged tobacco plants with 6 ash hanging grades of grade 1, grade 2, grade 3, grade 4, grade 5 and grade 6 are respectively sprayed with betaine solution with the optimum concentration at 18:00 in the afternoon of the same day, tobacco plants without betaine solution are taken as a control, and the tobacco plants are baked by adopting A, B baking processes (marked as A1-6/B1-6), wherein the A process is the Hongda baking process, and the B process is a conventional baking process. Testing the roasted tobacco leavesDegree of graying, ppo Activity, average valence (degree of graying:%; (min. times. mg)^-1Equalizing price: meta). The ash hanging degree is divided into: level 1: the ash hanging area is less than 25 percent; and 2, stage: the ash hanging area is 25-50%; and 3, level: the ash hanging area is 50-75%; 4, level: the ash hanging area is more than 75 percent. The experimental results are as follows:

TABLE 8 influence of spraying betaine solution on roasted tobacco leaves under different processes

The results show that: among different processes, the ash hanging grade of the tobacco leaves after the process A is roasted is obviously lower than that of the process B, the ppo activity is also lower than that of the process A, and the average price of the process A is higher than that of the process B. Compared with the control group, after the optimum concentration is sprayed, the ash hanging grade of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is obviously lower than that of the control group, the ppo activity is obviously lower than that of the control group, and the average price is obviously higher than that of the control group.

And (4) conclusion: the quality of the tobacco leaves after the process A is baked is higher than that of the tobacco leaves after the process B; after the betaine with the optimum concentration is sprayed, the quality reduction of tobacco leaves caused by ash hanging after baking can be obviously reduced.

Test example 9

Experiments are carried out in Nanhua county in Chuxiong city, the flue-cured tobacco variety is K326, damaged tobacco plants with 6 ash hanging grades of grade 1, grade 2, grade 3, grade 4, grade 5 and grade 6 are respectively sprayed with betaine solution with the optimum concentration at 18:00 in the afternoon of the same day, tobacco plants without the betaine solution are used as a control, and the tobacco plants are baked by adopting A, B two baking processes (marked as A1-6/B1-6), wherein the A process is the K326 baking process, and the B process is a conventional baking process. The ash-adhering degree, the ppo activity and the average value of the tobacco leaves after the baking were examined (ash-adhering degree:%; (min. times. mg) for the ppo activity)^-1Equalizing price: meta). The ash hanging degree is divided into: level 1: the ash hanging area is less than 25 percent; and 2, stage: the ash hanging area is 25-50%; and 3, level: the ash hanging area is 50-75%; 4, level: the ash hanging area is more than 75 percent. The experimental results are as follows:

TABLE 9 influence of spraying betaine solution on roasted tobacco leaves under different processes

Claims

1. A flue-cured tobacco management method for alleviating grey smoke based on betaine application is characterized by comprising the following steps:

level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;

and 2, stage: the gray black spots account for 5-15% of the leaf area;

and 3, level: the gray black spots account for 15-30% of the leaf area;

4, level: the gray black spots account for 30-45% of the leaf area;

when the grade of tobacco plants generating gray tobacco is identified,

when the gray smoke level is 2-3, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 3-6 mmol.L^-1；

When the gray smoke level is 4, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 8-12 mmol.L^-1；

When grey smoke scaleIs 5-6 grade, and the spraying concentration of betaine solution is 12-15 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.5-2%;

when the gray smoke level is 2-3, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 2-5 mmol.L^-1；

When the gray smoke level is 4-5, the spraying concentration of the betaine solution is 6-10 mmol.L^-1；

Auxiliary foliage spray K₂CO₃The concentration is 1.5-2%;

and (5) when the grey smoke grade does not exceed grade 2.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the betaine is an aqueous solution of betaine.

3. The flue-cured tobacco management method for alleviating grey smoke based on betaine application as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the betaine solution is to add betaine into a tx-10 auxiliary agent with a concentration of 60-100 mg/L to prepare the betaine solution with a corresponding concentration, and uniformly mix the betaine solution for later use.

4. The method for managing flue-cured tobacco for alleviating gray tobacco based on betaine application according to claim 1, wherein the method for identifying the gray tobacco grade is based on the investigation method in GB/T23222-2008 "tobacco pest classification and investigation method".

5. The method for managing cured tobacco for alleviating grey tobacco based on betaine application according to claim 1, wherein the method for spraying betaine solution is to spray tobacco leaves of damaged tobacco plants of different grades at 9-11 am every day, uniformly wet the leaves, spray once every 2 days, and continuously spray for 1-2 weeks.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of 3) assisting in adjusting soil pH:

B. auxiliary adjustment of soil pH: applying hydrated lime Ca (OH) to the roots of the damaged plants₂And 8-10% water solution, and applying by irrigating at 2L with a 20cm deep hole at 5cm side of tobacco rhizome, and adjusting pH of soil to 6-7.5.

7. A flue-cured tobacco curing method based on the flue-cured tobacco management method for relieving gray tobacco by betaine application according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the flue-cured tobacco is K326 in variety, the part is middle-upper tobacco leaves, and the operation is as follows:

C. and (3) a tendon drying stage: the tobacco leaf is baked by adopting the dry and wet bulb temperature and the wind speed of a moisture exhaust fan in the tobacco leaf baking process in the stem drying stage until the main vein of the tobacco leaf in the whole curing barn is dried, and the baking time in the stage is 34-40 h.

8. A flue-cured tobacco curing method based on the flue-cured tobacco management method for relieving gray tobacco by betaine application according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the flue-cured tobacco is a safflower Honghua Dajinyuan (Honghuadajinyuan), the part is middle and upper tobacco leaves, and the operation is as follows: