CN108891029B - Planning method for 3D printing typical path of continuous fiber reinforced composite material - Google Patents
Planning method for 3D printing typical path of continuous fiber reinforced composite material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planning method for a 3D printing typical path of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material, belongs to the field of rapid molding of composite materials, and relates to a planning method for a 3D printing typical path of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material. According to the method, a three-dimensional model is established by means of CAD modeling software according to the actual size requirement of a forming component, and slicing and layering processing are carried out on the three-dimensional model by means of 3D slicing software so as to obtain contour and layer information. Judging the bending degree of the path, starting a corresponding path planning mechanism, accurately positioning a jump point by means of a jump point processing mechanism and finishing jump point actions. And the interlayer transition of the fibers without breakpoints is realized by utilizing an interlayer path planning mechanism, and a high-quality and high-efficiency 3D printing new path of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material is realized. The method plans a printing path with the least breakpoints, and ensures the mechanical property of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material. Effectively reduce the shaping defect of continuous fibers in the department of buckling, promote its cohesion in the department of buckling, improve the wholeness ability of shaping component.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rapid molding of composite materials, and relates to a planning method for a 3D printing typical path of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material.
Background
The fiber reinforced composite material has the advantages of light weight, high strength and integral design and manufacture, and is the preferred material of key components in the fields of high-end equipment such as aviation and aerospace. However, with the ever-increasing requirements for functionalization and high performance of key components in high-end equipment, the structural design of the components becomes more complex, the traditional laying and curing manufacturing process cannot meet the requirement for the shape of the complex components, and the application of the fiber composite material in the complex structural components of the high-end equipment is seriously affected.
The 3D printing technology applies the idea of dispersion-accumulation, fundamentally avoids the problems of difficult molding and difficult processing in the traditional material reduction manufacturing, not only can effectively improve the manufacturing efficiency and the material utilization rate and reduce the production cost, but also can realize the rapid and precise manufacturing of complex structural parts. The rapid development of the 3D printing technology provides a new research direction for the manufacture of fiber composite materials. However, in the 3D printing and molding process of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material, since the reinforced fiber material itself has hard brittleness, stress concentration is easily formed at the bending portion, and the bonding force is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, in the forming process of the small-angle bending part of the part, the fiber is easily broken by the traditional 3D printing path, and the mechanical property of a forming component is seriously reduced. In the process of planning the path of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material, maintaining the fiber continuity and realizing the skip point printing are the most critical factors for ensuring the mechanical property of the component.
Accordingly, researchers at home and abroad have conducted extensive research. The method introduces a fiber printing path of a MarkOne printer in 'Composite Structures' published by Garrett W.Melenka et al of Alberta university of Canada, and can well complete the laying and forming work of continuous fibers under the coordination of resins such as nylon and the like through a specific algorithm, however, the method is easy to generate defects at the fiber starting position, so that the bonding capability between fiber layers is poor, the filling content of the continuous fibers is limited, and the mechanical property of a forming member is limited. In the path jump processing of carbon fiber long fiber 3D printing published in the mechanical design and research by Ma national peak and the like of the university of Wuhan theory of technology, a long fiber 3D printing path jump algorithm based on the distance relationship between a three-dimensional path coordinate and a far-end cutting device is provided, and the jump of the path can be well completed through the recognition of a breakpoint and the matching of the position, however, the position matching mode of the algorithm is complex, the calculated amount is huge, the code forming efficiency is very low, and the requirement of realizing the rapid forming of the 3D printing technology is not facilitated. In addition, the path breakpoints calculated by the algorithm are too many, the continuity of the fibers is seriously influenced, and the mechanical property of the final forming member is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and aims to solve the problems that the bonding force of fibers at a bending part is weak, the fibers at a small-angle bending part are easy to break, and path breakpoints are more in path planning of continuous fiber 3D printing, so that the defects of a continuous fiber composite material forming member are easily formed, the performance of the forming member is seriously restricted, and even the printing failure of the forming member is caused. In the 3D printing process, due to the characteristic that continuous fibers are bent and easy to break, aiming at the problems of an in-layer path, an inter-layer path, a bent path, a jumping path and the like, and the small-angle bent path is a common difficult-to-plan path in the forming process of the continuous fiber composite material, the continuity of the fibers should be ensured as much as possible in the printing path, and fiber breakpoints are reduced to the maximum extent. In consideration of huge thermodynamic difference between a fiber reinforced phase and a resin matrix phase, the invention provides a planning method for a 3D printing typical path of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material, so as to meet the severe requirements of high-quality and high-efficiency forming of the complex structural member. The method judges the bending degree of the path and starts a corresponding path planning mechanism according to the contour and the ply information of the forming component, accurately positions the jumping points by means of a jumping point processing mechanism, completes jumping point actions, realizes the fiber non-breakpoint interlayer transition by utilizing an interlayer path planning mechanism, finally obtains a 3D printing new path capable of realizing the high-quality, high-efficiency and low-defect forming of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material, greatly reduces the forming cost and obviously improves the printing benefit.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a planning method for a 3D printing typical path of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material, which is characterized in that according to the actual size requirement of a forming component, a three-dimensional model is established by means of CAD modeling software, and slicing and layering processing are carried out on the three-dimensional model by using 3D slicing software so as to obtain contour and layer information; judging the bending degree of the path, starting a corresponding path planning mechanism, accurately positioning a jumping point by means of a jumping point processing mechanism, completing jumping point actions, realizing fiber breakpoint-free interlayer transition by utilizing an interlayer path planning mechanism, and realizing a high-quality, high-efficiency and low-defect molded 3D printing new path of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, establishing a three-dimensional model by means of CAD modeling software according to the actual size requirement of a molded component, and slicing and layering the three-dimensional model by using 3D slicing software to acquire contour and slice information; the contour and ply information not only accurately describes the geometric topological information of the molding member, but also reflects different material attribute information of continuous fibers and resin in the composite material;
step 2, setting printing parameters such as printing speed, temperature of a spray head, layer thickness and the like according to the acquired outline and layer information, determining external parameters such as wire diameter, diameter of a printing nozzle and the like, calculating wire supply speed according to the external parameters, and starting an in-layer path planning mechanism;
the intra-layer path planning mechanism specifically comprises: for regular layered contour graph, starting from a vertex A closest to the origin on the layered contour, the trajectory is sequentially planned to pass through B, C, D, E points according to the 'Hui' font trajectory planning method, wherein the distance l between the point A and the point EAEThe diameter of the spray head of the 3D printer is not less than; for irregular layered contour patterns, similar to the former, but at a distance A from the starting point1Point D of suitable distance1Changing the curve radian of the path to make the path continuously and smoothly reach the initial point E of the inner ring1And point A1And point E1Distance between lA1E1Not less than the diameter of the spray head;
step 3, judging whether the interlayer path is bent or not, if so, starting a bending path planning mechanism, and entering step 4, otherwise, directly entering step 5;
the bent path planning mechanism specifically comprises: at the bending part of the path, particularly the bending part of less than 120 degrees, the bending curvature radius is properly adjusted according to the characteristics of the continuous fibers, so that the generation of defects of the fiber materials is reduced; meanwhile, the printing speed is reduced by 4% -6%, the printing temperature is increased by 1% -2%, and the infiltration between the fibers and the resin is enhanced, so that the bonding force of the continuous fibers printed at the bent part is improved;
step 4, judging whether the bending in the step 3 is small-angle bending, if so, starting a small-angle path planning mechanism, and entering the step 5, otherwise, directly entering the step 5; the small-angle path planning mechanism specifically comprises: when the bending angle of the path is smaller than the minimum bending angle of the continuous fiber, the bending angle is increased according to the property of the continuous fiber, the printing speed is reduced by 6-8%, the printing temperature is increased by 3-4%, and the defects of the continuous fiber are further reduced to improve the performance of the forming member;
step 6, judging whether the path filling of the layer is complete, if the path filling of the layer is complete, directly entering step 7, otherwise, acquiring the outline and the layer information of the part to be filled, starting a jump point path processing mechanism, returning to step 2, and planning the path of the part which is not filled;
step 7, starting an inter-layer path planning mechanism to prepare path filling of the next layer;
the inter-layer path planning mechanism specifically comprises: adjusting the feeding speed of continuous fibers and the transformation speed of Z coordinates in the interlayer direction from the O point at the final path end of the layer to complete the interlayer transformation from the O point of the M layer to the O' point of the N layer in a matched manner;
step 8, starting a path planning ending judgment mechanism; the path planning ending judgment mechanism specifically comprises: judging whether the current layer number exceeds the layer number designed and printed by the forming component, and if the current layer number exceeds the designed layer number, finishing path planning; after the printing path planning is finished, outputting a planned path code file; and otherwise, acquiring the contour and the slice information of the next layer, returning to the step 2, and continuing to plan the path of the lower layer.
A planning method for a typical path of 3D printing of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material is characterized in that the used continuous fiber reinforced material is one or more of a continuous carbon fiber wire, a continuous glass fiber wire, a continuous ceramic fiber or a continuous silicon carbide fiber, and also comprises a continuous fiber tow prepared according to a special application occasion; the resin is one or more of ABS resin, polyamide or polyether ether ketone thermoplastic resin.
The method has the advantages that the printing path with the least breakpoints can be planned, and the mechanical property of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material is ensured. Effectively reduce the shaping defect of continuous fibers in the department of buckling to effectively promote its cohesion in the department of buckling, promote the wholeness ability of shaping component. The jumping point position can be accurately determined, and the jumping point path code can be quickly generated. The path planned by the method can finish the jumping point action in the 3D printing process of the continuous fiber with high quality and high efficiency. The path planning method for realizing the high-quality, high-efficiency and low-defect forming of the continuous fibers is a path planning method capable of meeting the integral shape requirement of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material 3D printing forming component.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a path planning method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for planning a path within a regular hierarchical outline layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for planning an intra-layer path of an irregular hierarchical contour layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for planning a path between layers of continuous fibers according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of an original sample piece and a path planning diagram of the sample piece after layering in an embodiment, where fig. 5a) is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of an original sample piece in an embodiment, and fig. 5b) is a schematic diagram of a path planning diagram of a sample piece after layering in an embodiment, where M layers jump to N layers.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained in detail with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
The continuous fiber reinforcing material used by the planning method of the invention is one or more of continuous carbon fiber wire rods, continuous glass fiber wire rods, continuous ceramic fibers or continuous silicon carbide fibers, and also comprises continuous fiber tows prepared according to special application occasions; the resin is one or more of ABS resin, polyamide or polyether ether ketone thermoplastic resin.
In this example, 3D printing was performed using 1K continuous carbon fiber and nylon as raw material, wherein the continuous carbon fiber was pretreated and the minimum angle at which it can be bent was 13 ° according to experiments.
The flow chart of the path planning method of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the specific steps of the planning method are as follows:
step 1, referring to a three-dimensional model diagram of an original sample shown in fig. 5a), establishing a three-dimensional model by means of an Autodesk Inventor according to the actual size requirement of a formed component, and carrying out layering processing on the three-dimensional model by using 3D slicing software to obtain outline and slice information;
step 2, setting the printing speed of 80mm/min, the temperature of a spray head of 260 ℃, the layer thickness of 0.3mm, the diameter of a selected nozzle of 1.2mm, the diameter of a fiber wire of 1mm and the diameter of a resin wire of 1.75mm according to the material attribute information and the acquired contour and layer information; calculating according to the volume invariance principle, wherein the fiber wire feeding speed is 80mm/min, and the resin wire feeding speed is 11.5 mm/min; according to the intra-layer path planning mechanism, from A2Filling the dot with a 'return' word; fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for planning an in-layer path of a regular hierarchical outline according to the present invention, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for planning an in-layer path of an irregular hierarchical outline according to the present invention.
Step 3, judging whether the interlayer path has a bend or not, as shown in FIG. 5B), the middle point B of the path2～H2And bending is formed between the two parts, and a bending path planning mechanism is started. Wherein, point B2～E2And point H2The bending angle is less than 120 degrees, the printing speed is adjusted to 76mm/min, and the temperature is adjusted to 263 ℃; and planning the path into an arc shape according to different bending angles at each position.
Step 4, judging whether the path bending shown in the figure 5b) has small-angle bending, if so, starting a small-angle path planning mechanism, and F 'in the path of the figure 5 b)'2The bending angle at the point is less than 13 degrees, the point is bent at a small angle, a small-angle path planning mechanism is started, and according to the property of the fiber in the example, the track at the point is adjusted to be an arc bending F with the radius of 1.5mm and the angle of 15 degrees2G2And the printing speed was adjusted to 74mm/min and the temperature was adjusted to 268 ℃.
Step 6, after the filling path of the area I in the area B) in the figure 5b) is planned, judging whether a path is unplanned in the area II, acquiring the contour and the slice information in the area II, repeating the steps 2 to 5, and planning the path of the part which is not filled;
step 7, starting a path planning ending judgment mechanism; after the path planning at the area II in the figure 5b) is finished, the path planning of the current layer is finished, an interlayer path planning mechanism is started, the transformation speed of the Z coordinate in the interlayer direction is adjusted to be the same as the continuous fiber supply speed, the interlayer conversion from the O point of the M layer to the O' point of the N layer is completed, and path filling of the next layer is prepared as shown in figure 4;
step 8, after the Z axis of the printer is lifted, starting a path planning ending judgment mechanism, judging whether the current layer number exceeds the layer number designed and printed by the forming component, if so, ending the path planning of the printing, and outputting a planned path code file; otherwise, acquiring the contour and the slice information of the next layer, repeating the steps 2 to 8, and continuing to plan the path.
The planning method for the 3D printing typical path of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material fully considers the characteristics of the continuous fiber, can plan the printing path with the least breakpoints, ensures the mechanical property of a forming member, can accurately determine the positions of the jumping points and quickly generate jumping point path codes; meanwhile, the forming defects of the continuous fibers at the bent positions can be effectively reduced, the formability requirements of forming members meeting design requirements are met, and a path capable of realizing high-quality, high-efficiency and low-damage forming of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material is planned.
Claims (2)
1. A planning method for a 3D printing typical path of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material is characterized in that according to the actual size requirement of a forming component, a three-dimensional model is established by means of CAD modeling software, and slicing and layering processing are carried out on the three-dimensional model by means of 3D slicing software to obtain contour and layer information; judging the bending degree of the path, starting a corresponding path planning mechanism, accurately positioning a jumping point by means of jumping point processing, and completing jumping point actions; the interlayer path planning is utilized to realize the interlayer transition of the fiber without break points, and finally, a 3D printing new path of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material with high quality, high efficiency and low defect forming is realized; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, establishing a three-dimensional model by means of CAD modeling software according to the actual size requirement of a molded component, and slicing and layering the three-dimensional model by using 3D slicing software to acquire contour and slice information; the contour and ply information not only accurately describes the geometric topological information of the molding member, but also reflects different material attribute information of continuous fibers and resin in the composite material;
step 2, setting printing speed, spray head temperature and layer thickness printing parameters according to the acquired contour and layer information, determining external parameters of wire diameter and printing nozzle diameter, calculating wire supply speed according to the external parameters, and starting an in-layer path planning mechanism;
the intra-layer path planning mechanism specifically comprises: for a regular hierarchical outline graph, starting from a vertex A which is closest to an origin on the hierarchical outline, sequentially planning the track to pass through B, C, D, E points according to a 'Hui' type track planning method; wherein the distance l between the point A and the point EAEThe diameter of the spray head of the 3D printer is not less than; for irregular layered contour patterns, similar to the former, but at a distance A from the starting point1Point D of suitable distance1Changing the curve radian of the path to make the path continuously and smoothly reach the initial point E of the inner ring1And point A1And point E1Distance between lA1E1Not less than the diameter of the spray head;
step 3, judging whether the interlayer path is bent or not, if so, starting a bending path planning mechanism, and entering step 4, otherwise, directly entering step 5;
the bent path planning mechanism specifically comprises: at the bending part of the path, particularly the bending part of less than 120 degrees, the bending curvature radius is properly adjusted according to the characteristics of the continuous fibers, so that the generation of defects of the fiber materials is reduced; meanwhile, the printing speed is reduced by 4% -6%, the printing temperature is increased by 1% -2%, and the infiltration between the fibers and the resin is enhanced, so that the bonding force of the continuous fibers printed at the bent part is improved;
step 4, judging whether the bending in the step 3 is small-angle bending, if so, starting a small-angle path planning mechanism, and entering the step 5, otherwise, directly entering the step 5; the small-angle path planning mechanism specifically comprises: when the bending angle of the path is smaller than the minimum bending angle of the continuous fiber, the bending angle is increased according to the property of the continuous fiber, the printing speed is reduced by 6-8%, the printing temperature is increased by 3-4%, and the defects of the continuous fiber are further reduced to improve the performance of the forming member;
step 5, filling the position where the continuous fibers cannot be filled with resin to ensure the shape requirement of the integral component; finishing the planning of the path under the coordination of the thermoplastic resin;
step 6, judging whether the path filling of the layer is complete, if the path filling of the layer is complete, directly entering step 7, otherwise, acquiring the outline and the layer information of the part to be filled, starting a jump point path processing mechanism, returning to step 2, and planning the path of the part which is not filled;
step 7, starting an inter-layer path planning mechanism to prepare path filling of the next layer; the inter-layer path planning mechanism specifically comprises: adjusting the feeding speed of continuous fibers and the transformation speed of Z coordinates in the interlayer direction from the O point at the final path end of the layer to complete the interlayer transformation from the O point of the M layer to the O' point of the N layer in a matched manner;
step 8, starting a path planning ending judgment mechanism; the path planning ending judgment mechanism specifically comprises: judging whether the current layer number exceeds the layer number designed and printed by the forming component, and if the current layer number exceeds the designed layer number, finishing path planning; after the printing path planning is finished, outputting a planned path code file; and otherwise, acquiring the contour and the slice information of the next layer, returning to the step 2 to the step 8, and continuing to plan the path.
2. The planning method for the 3D printing typical path of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the continuous fiber is one or more of a continuous carbon fiber wire, a continuous glass fiber wire, a continuous ceramic fiber wire or a continuous silicon carbide fiber wire, and the planning method further comprises a continuous fiber tow prepared according to a special application; the resin is one or more of ABS resin, polyamide or polyether ether ketone thermoplastic resin.
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