CN108870372B - Direct current furnace drainage recovery system and method based on high-low pressure drainage flash tank - Google Patents
Direct current furnace drainage recovery system and method based on high-low pressure drainage flash tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN108870372B CN108870372B CN201810697204.3A CN201810697204A CN108870372B CN 108870372 B CN108870372 B CN 108870372B CN 201810697204 A CN201810697204 A CN 201810697204A CN 108870372 B CN108870372 B CN 108870372B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
- F22B37/50—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers for draining or expelling water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct current furnace drainage recovery system and a method based on a high-low pressure drainage flash tank, which comprises a separator, a separator water storage tank, a high-pressure drainage flash tank, a low-pressure drainage flash tank, a deaerator, a condenser, a unit drainage tank, other steam users and a starting drainage pump; the drain water of the separator enters a high-pressure drain flash tank through a water storage tank of the separator; conveying the steam in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank to a deaerator and other steam users for heat recovery, discharging the redundant steam to the low-pressure hydrophobic flash tank, and discharging the redundant steam to the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe; when the water quality is qualified, discharging the drained water to a deaerator for heat recovery, or discharging the redundant drained water to a condenser for working medium recovery; when the water quality is unqualified, drainage is discharged into the low-pressure drainage flash tank and is discharged into the unit drainage tank by starting the drainage pump.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a direct current furnace drainage recovery system, in particular to a direct current furnace drainage recovery system and method without a starting circulating pump based on a high-low pressure drainage flash tank.
Background
At present, supercritical and ultra-supercritical units are called as main units of thermal power plants in China. Because the once-through boiler is not provided with a steam pocket and a natural circulation loop, the feed water flow of about 30 percent of rated evaporation quantity needs to be kept from the beginning of ignition so as to ensure the minimum flow velocity of a water wall, and the boiler enters the once-through load under the working condition of about 30 percent of rated load, therefore, a large amount of working medium and heat of the boiler are discharged through the starting separator and the water storage tank of the starting separator before entering the once-through load. The current common starting system is as follows:
the system comprises a simple atmosphere expansion type starting system, a composite atmosphere expansion type starting system, a starting drainage heat exchanger starting system, a recirculating pump starting system and a condenser type starting system.
Simple atmosphere dilatation formula start-up system: in the starting process of the boiler, drain discharged by the starting separator is subjected to capacity expansion through the atmospheric flash tank, saturated steam is discharged into the atmosphere, the saturated drain enters the drain tank, the drain is discharged to circulating water return water through the delivery pump when the water quality is unqualified, and the drain is discharged to the condenser through the delivery pump when the water quality is qualified. The initial investment of the starting system is low, but the separated steam is discharged into the atmosphere, and the loss of working media and heat is large.
Compound atmospheric dilatation formula start-up system: in the starting process of the boiler, part of the drainage in the starting separator is expanded by an atmospheric flash tank, then saturated steam is discharged into the atmosphere, the saturated drainage enters a drainage tank, and when the water quality is qualified, the saturated drainage is discharged to a condenser through a delivery pump. And starting the other part of the separator, draining, decompressing and inputting the other part of the separator into a deaerator to recover working medium and heat. Because the outlet pressure of the separator exceeds 8MPa (g) before entering the direct-current load and the design pressure of the deaerator is 1.2MPa (g), when the starting drain enters the deaerator, huge kinetic energy can be generated due to pressure shock and damages elements in the deaerator, and the recovery working medium has potential danger along with the steam underwater jet noise of nearly 100dB (A). Although related research experiments of noise elimination are carried out at present, the noise is still about 80dB (A). And the recovery capacity of the deaerator is limited, and most of working medium is recovered and passes through the atmospheric flash tank, so that part of working medium and most of heat are lost in the starting process.
Start-up of the trap heat exchanger start-up system: in the starting process of the boiler, when the water quality is unqualified, the drainage generated by the starting separator is discharged to a water supply industry after the steam is discharged and the pressure is reduced through a drainage flash tank of the boiler body, and when the water quality is qualified, the drainage exchanges heat with the boiler water supply through a starting drainage heat exchanger at an inlet of the economizer, so that the heat is recovered, and the water supply temperature is improved. And the drained water after temperature reduction and pressure reduction can be relatively safely discharged into the deaerator, and when the receiving capacity or the accident condition of the deaerator is exceeded, the drained water is discharged into the condenser after water spraying and temperature reduction. The heat of the start drainage is utilized in a gradient way, working medium and heat are not lost, but the investment is high and the system structure is complex.
The recirculation pump start-up system: depending on the connection mode between the recirculation pump and the feed pump, the systems can be divided into series connection and parallel connection. A portion of the recirculation pump flow comes from the feed water called the series start system, and the entire recirculation pump flow comes from the start separator called the parallel start system. In the starting process of the boiler, the drainage generated by the steam-water separator is discharged to a water conservancy project after the steam is discharged and the pressure is reduced through a drainage flash tank of the boiler body when the water quality is unqualified, and the drainage enters the inlet of the economizer again through a recirculating pump when the water quality is qualified. The system has the advantages of short starting time, no loss of working medium and heat and the like, but is complex, high in investment and high in maintenance cost. The re-circulating pump has cavitation danger, and a special pipeline is required to be arranged to improve the drainage supercooling degree.
Condenser formula start-up system: and when the water quality is qualified, the drained water is completely drained into a condenser after temperature and pressure reduction, and the drained water is drained into recycled water of the water conservancy project under the accident condition. The starting system does not lose working medium during the starting process, but loses most heat. Improper drainage treatment often can cause the destruction of former heat balance in the condenser, leads to the backpressure to rise, influences the unit and exert oneself, still can cause impact, vibration, condenser pipe damage, casing to open up scheduling problem.
In summary, in the prior art, for a simple atmospheric expansion starting system, separated steam is discharged into the atmosphere, loss of working media and heat is large, a composite atmospheric expansion starting system loses part of the working media and most of the heat in the starting process, the investment for starting a drainage heat exchanger starting system is high, the system structure is complex, the recirculating pump starting system is complex, the investment and maintenance cost is high, a cavitation danger exists in a recirculating pump, a special pipeline needs to be arranged to improve drainage supercooling degree, the working media are not lost in the starting process of a condenser starting system, most of the heat is lost, improper drainage treatment often causes damage of original heat balance in a condenser, back pressure is increased, output of a unit is influenced, problems of impact, vibration, breakage of a condenser pipe, shell opening and the like are caused, and an effective solution is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a starting-circulation-pump-free direct current furnace drainage recovery system and method based on a high-pressure and low-pressure drainage flash tank.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a direct current furnace drainage recovery system based on a high-low pressure drainage flash tank, which comprises a separator, a separator water storage tank, a high-pressure drainage flash tank, a low-pressure drainage flash tank, a deaerator, a condenser, a unit drainage tank, other steam users and a starting drainage pump, wherein the separator is arranged on the direct current furnace drainage recovery system;
the drain water of the separator enters a high-pressure drain flash tank through a water storage tank of the separator;
three steam outlets of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank are respectively connected with the deaerator, other steam users and the low-pressure hydrophobic flash tank through pipelines, steam in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank is conveyed to the deaerator and other steam users for heat recovery, redundant steam is discharged to the low-pressure hydrophobic flash tank, and the redundant steam is discharged to the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe;
three drainage outlets of the high-pressure drainage flash tank are respectively connected with the deaerator, the condenser and the low-pressure drainage flash tank through pipelines, and when the water quality is qualified, drainage is discharged to the deaerator for heat recovery according to conditions, or drainage is discharged to the condenser for working medium recovery; when the water quality is unqualified, drainage is discharged into the low-pressure drainage flash tank and is discharged into the unit drainage tank by starting the drainage pump.
Furthermore, a shut-off valve and a water level regulating valve are sequentially arranged on a pipeline connecting the separator water storage tank and the high-pressure drainage flash tank.
Furthermore, a first regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline of a first steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank, which is connected with the deaerator, and the flow of steam entering the deaerator is controlled by the first regulating valve;
a second regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting a second steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank with other steam users, and the flow of steam entering the other steam users is controlled by the second regulating valve;
a third regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting a third steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank with the low-pressure drainage flash tank;
after the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve are adjusted in place, if the pressure in the high-pressure drainage flash tank continues to rise and is close to the tripping pressure of the safety valve, redundant steam in the high-pressure drainage flash tank is discharged to the low-pressure drainage flash tank through the third regulating valve, and the steam entering the low-pressure drainage flash tank is discharged to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe.
Furthermore, the pipeline that the first steam outlet of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank is connected with the deaerator, the pipeline that the second steam outlet of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank is connected with other steam users and the pipeline that the third steam outlet of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank is connected with the low-pressure hydrophobic flash tank are respectively provided with a shut-off valve.
Furthermore, a fourth regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline, connected with the deaerator, of a first drain outlet of the high-pressure drain flash tank, and drain water in the high-pressure drain flash tank is conveyed to the deaerator through the fourth regulating valve;
a fifth regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting a second drainage outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank with the condenser, and redundant drainage of the high-pressure drainage flash tank is discharged to the condenser through the fifth regulating valve;
and a sixth regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline for connecting the third drainage outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank with the low-pressure drainage flash tank, when the water quality is poor, the fourth regulating valve and the fifth regulating valve are closed, the sixth regulating valve is opened, all the drained water in the high-pressure drainage flash tank is discharged into the low-pressure drainage flash tank, and the drained water is discharged into a unit drainage tank by starting a drainage pump.
Furthermore, two sides of the fourth adjusting valve and two sides of the sixth adjusting valve are respectively provided with a shutoff valve, one side of the fifth adjusting valve is provided with a shutoff valve, and the other side of the fifth adjusting valve is provided with a vacuum shutoff valve.
Furthermore, check valves are respectively arranged on a pipeline connected with the deaerator and a pipeline connected with the steam outlet II of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank, the starting hydrophobic pump and the unit drainage tank and the starting hydrophobic pump and the deaerator.
The second purpose of the present invention is to provide an operating method of a direct current furnace drainage recovery system based on a high-low pressure drainage flash tank as described above, which includes the following steps:
the drain water of the separator flows to a high-pressure drain flash tank through a water storage tank of the separator;
when the steam amount generated in the high-pressure drainage flash tank is less than the steam demand of the deaerator, keeping the first regulating valve fully opened, and if the pressure in the high-pressure drainage flash tank is higher than the pressure in the deaerator, allowing the steam generated in the high-pressure drainage flash tank to enter the deaerator to heat feed water in the deaerator, so that heat recovery is realized;
when the steam amount generated in the high-pressure drainage flash tank is higher than the steam demand of the deaerator and is less than the sum of the steam demand of the deaerator and the steam demand of other steam users, gradually opening the second adjusting valve to lead redundant steam to other steam users;
when the steam amount generated in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank is higher than the sum of the steam demand of the deaerator and the steam demand of other steam users, gradually opening the third adjusting valve to lead the redundant steam to the low-pressure hydrophobic flash tank and exhaust the redundant steam to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe;
meanwhile, the water level in the high-pressure drainage flash tank is controlled through the regulating valve V, drainage is recovered to the condenser, and the recovery of working media is realized.
Furthermore, when the water quality is unqualified, draining water enters the low-pressure draining flash tank through a regulating valve six, and is discharged to a unit drainage tank through a starting draining pump and a check valve four, so that the boiler is cleaned; and when the water quality is qualified, recovering the drained water, closing the regulating valve six, opening the regulating valve five and discharging the drained water into the condenser.
Further, when the unit reaches a direct current load or above, less drain water is discharged to the high-pressure drain flash tank, the first branch of the regulating valve, the second branch of the regulating valve, the fourth branch of the regulating valve and the fifth branch of the regulating valve are all closed, and all the drain water is discharged to the deaerator by starting the drain pump to recover part of working media and heat; or;
and the first regulating valve branch, the second regulating valve branch, the fourth regulating valve branch and the sixth regulating valve branch are all closed, and the drained water is all recycled to the condenser, so that all working media are recycled and the heat is not recycled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the high-pressure drain flash tank is utilized to separate drain water from steam, the steam is discharged to the deaerator for heat recovery under the control of the regulating valve, the drain water is discharged to the condenser for working medium recovery under the control of the regulating valve, the loss of the working medium and heat in the starting process is greatly reduced, the safety and the economy of unit operation are not influenced while the working medium and heat are recovered, and too much initial investment and operation maintenance cost are not increased;
(2) under the condition that the direct current furnace has no starting circulating pump, the method not only meets the requirement that a large amount of hydrophobic water is discharged to accelerate the cleaning speed of the unit when the water quality is unqualified in the processes of cold cleaning and hot cleaning during the starting period of the unit, but also meets the requirement that the working medium and the heat are recovered to the maximum extent when the water quality is qualified;
(3) if the steam user demand is large enough, the whole recovery of the working medium and the recovery of most of heat can be realized when the water quality is qualified, so that the water supplement amount and the fuel consumption of a unit during the starting period are reduced, and the capacity configuration of a starting boiler is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a simple atmospheric flash start system;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a compound atmospheric flash start system;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a start-up system for starting up the trap heat exchanger;
FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) are structural diagrams of a recirculation pump start-up system;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a condenser type starting system;
FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a drainage recovery system of a direct current furnace without a starting circulating pump based on a high-low pressure drainage flash tank, which is provided by the invention;
the system comprises a separator 1, a separator 2, a separator water storage tank 3, a high-pressure drainage flash tank 4, a low-pressure drainage flash tank 5, a deaerator 6, a condenser 7, a unit water drainage tank 8, other steam users 9, a starting drainage pump 10, a shut-off valve 11, a water level regulating valve 12, a regulating valve I, a regulating valve 13, a check valve 14, a regulating valve II, a regulating valve 15, a check valve II, a regulating valve IV, a regulating valve 17, a check valve III, a check valve 18, a regulating valve V, a regulating valve 19, a vacuum shut-off valve 20, a regulating valve III, a regulating valve 21, a regulating valve VI, a check valve 22, a check valve III, a check valve 23, a check valve IV, a check valve 24 and an auxiliary steam system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As introduced by the background art, as shown in fig. 1, a simple atmospheric expansion type starting system is provided, in the starting process of a boiler, after the volume of drain discharged by a starting separator is expanded by an atmospheric expansion tank, saturated steam is discharged into the atmosphere, the saturated drain enters a drain tank, when the water quality is unqualified, the drain is discharged to circulating water return water by a delivery pump, and when the water quality is qualified, the drain is discharged to a condenser by the delivery pump. The initial investment of the starting system is low, but the separated steam is discharged into the atmosphere, and the loss of working media and heat is large.
As shown in fig. 2, in the process of starting the boiler, a part of the drain in the start separator is expanded by the atmospheric flash tank, then saturated steam is discharged into the atmosphere, the saturated drain enters the drain tank, and when the water quality is qualified, the saturated drain is discharged to the condenser through the delivery pump. And starting the other part of the separator, draining, decompressing and inputting the other part of the separator into a deaerator to recover working medium and heat. Because the outlet pressure of the separator exceeds 8MPa (g) before entering the direct-current load and the design pressure of the deaerator is 1.2MPa (g), when the starting drain enters the deaerator, huge kinetic energy can be generated due to pressure shock and damages elements in the deaerator, and the recovery working medium has potential danger along with the steam underwater jet noise of nearly 100dB (A). Although related research experiments of noise elimination are carried out at present, the noise is still about 80dB (A). And the recovery capacity of the deaerator is limited, and most of working medium is recovered and passes through the atmospheric flash tank, so that part of working medium and most of heat are lost in the starting process.
As shown in fig. 3, the start-up system of the start-up hydrophobic heat exchanger is provided, in the start-up process of the boiler, when the water quality of the drain generated by the start-up separator is not qualified, the drain is discharged to the water supply industry after the steam discharge and pressure reduction of the drain flash tank of the boiler body, and when the water quality is qualified, the drain exchanges heat with the boiler feed water through the start-up hydrophobic heat exchanger at the inlet of the economizer, recovers heat, and increases the feed water temperature. And the drained water after temperature reduction and pressure reduction can be relatively safely discharged into the deaerator, and when the receiving capacity or the accident condition of the deaerator is exceeded, the drained water is discharged into the condenser after water spraying and temperature reduction. The heat of the start drainage is utilized in a gradient way, working medium and heat are not lost, but the investment is high and the system structure is complex.
As shown in fig. 4(a) and 4(b), the starting system of the recirculation pump can be divided into a series connection and a parallel connection according to the connection mode of the recirculation pump and the feed water pump. A portion of the recirculation pump flow comes from the feed water called the series start system, and the entire recirculation pump flow comes from the start separator called the parallel start system. In the starting process of the boiler, the drainage generated by the steam-water separator is discharged to a water conservancy project after the steam is discharged and the pressure is reduced through a drainage flash tank of the boiler body when the water quality is unqualified, and the drainage enters the inlet of the economizer again through a recirculating pump when the water quality is qualified. The system has the advantages of short starting time, no loss of working medium and heat and the like, but is complex, high in investment and high in maintenance cost. The re-circulating pump has cavitation danger, and a special pipeline is required to be arranged to improve the drainage supercooling degree.
As shown in fig. 5, the condenser type starting system starts the drain generated by the separator, when the water quality is unqualified, the drain is discharged to the hydraulic engineering after the steam is discharged from the drain flash tank of the boiler body and the pressure is reduced, when the water quality is qualified, the drain is discharged into the condenser after the temperature and the pressure are reduced, and the drain is discharged into the circulating water of the hydraulic engineering under the accident condition. The starting system does not lose working medium during the starting process, but loses most heat. Improper drainage treatment often can cause the destruction of former heat balance in the condenser, leads to the backpressure to rise, influences the unit and exert oneself, still can cause impact, vibration, condenser pipe damage, casing to open up scheduling problem.
Because the existing starting system has the problems in actual operation, the invention provides the starting-cycle-pump-free direct current furnace drainage recovery system and the method, which can shorten the starting time of a boiler, save water resources, save fuel and reduce the operation and maintenance cost, in order to achieve the purposes of not influencing the safety and the economical efficiency of unit operation and not increasing too much initial investment and operation and maintenance cost while recovering working media and heat.
Example 1:
in an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, a high-low pressure drain flash tank-based start-up-free circulation pump once-through furnace drain recovery system is provided, and the system includes a separator 1, a separator water storage tank 2, a high-pressure drain flash tank 3, a low-pressure drain flash tank 4, a deaerator 5, a condenser 6, a unit drain tank 7, and other steam users 8; the high-pressure drain flash tank 3 and the low-pressure drain flash tank 4 are both integrated structures of a drain flash tank and a water tank.
The separator 1 is connected with a separator water storage tank 2, the separator water storage tank 2 is connected with a high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3, the pressure of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 is between the pressure of the starting separator 1 and the pressure of the deaerator 5 and slightly higher than the pressure of the deaerator 5, and the operating pressure of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank is adjusted according to the pressures of the deaerator 5 and other steam users 8; the pressure of the low-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 4 is between the pressure of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 and the atmospheric pressure, is slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure, and belongs to an atmospheric flash tank.
A shut-off valve 10 and a water level regulating valve 11 are arranged on a pipeline connecting the separator water storage tank 2 and the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3, and high-temperature and high-pressure incoming water of the separator water storage tank is started by the boiler to enter the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3.
The high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is provided with three steam outlets, a first steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is connected with the deaerator 5 through a pipeline, and a shut-off valve, a first regulating valve 12 and a first check valve 13 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline connecting the first steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 with the deaerator 5; the second steam outlet of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 is connected with other steam users 8 through a pipeline, and a shut-off valve, a second regulating valve 14 and a second check valve 15 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline connecting the second steam outlet of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 with other steam users 8; the steam outlet tee of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 is connected with the low-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 4 through a pipeline, and a third regulating valve 20 and shut-off valves positioned on two sides of the third regulating valve 20 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline connecting the third steam outlet of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 with the low-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 4.
The design pressure of the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is about 1.2MPa to 1.4MPa, and the overpressure of the high-pressure drainage flash tank is ensured by reasonably setting the setting pressure of the safety valve. The pressure of the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is jointly controlled by the first regulating valve 12, the second regulating valve 14 and the third regulating valve 20, wherein the first regulating valve 12 mainly controls the steam flow entering the deaerator 5, the second regulating valve 14 mainly controls the steam flow entering other steam users 8, after the first regulating valve 12 and the second regulating valve 14 are adjusted in place, if the pressure in the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 continues to rise and is close to the tripping pressure of the safety valve, redundant steam which cannot be consumed by the system is discharged to the low-pressure drainage flash tank 4 through the third regulating valve 20, and therefore the pressure in the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is guaranteed not to reach the tripping pressure of the safety valve.
The high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is provided with three drainage outlets, a first drainage outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is connected with the deaerator through a pipeline, a fourth regulating valve 16, two shut-off valves and a third check valve 17 are arranged on the pipeline, connected with the deaerator, of the first drainage outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3, and the deaerator is further connected with an auxiliary steam system; a drain outlet two-way of the high-pressure drain flash tank 3 is connected with the condenser through a pipeline, and a shut-off valve, a regulating valve five 18 and a vacuum shut-off valve 19 are arranged on the pipeline connecting the drain outlet two-way of the high-pressure drain flash tank 3 with the condenser; hydrophobic export tee bend pipeline of high pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 is connected with low pressure hydrophobic flash tank 4, is provided with governing valve six 21 and two shutoff valves that are located six both sides of governing valve on the hydrophobic export three of high pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 and the hydrophobic pipeline of 4 connections of low pressure flash tank, the hydrophobic flash tank 4 of low pressure still is connected with unit water drainage tank 7 and oxygen-eliminating device 5 respectively through starting hydrophobic pump 9, is provided with check valve three 22 on the pipeline that starts hydrophobic pump 9 and unit water drainage tank 7 and be connected, is provided with check valve four 23 on the pipeline that starts hydrophobic pump 9 and oxygen-eliminating device 5 and is connected.
The water level of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 is controlled by the fourth regulating valve 16, the fifth regulating valve 18 and the sixth regulating valve 21. When the deaerator 5 can not meet the temperature rise requirement of the deaerator 5 only through the regulating valve I12, if the water level of the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 rises to a set value, the closing valves in front of and behind the regulating valve II 16 are opened, the large regulating valve II 16 is gradually opened to drain water to the deaerator 5, and if the water temperature can not meet the requirement, the auxiliary steam system 24 is needed to provide heating steam for the deaerator 5. And after the fourth regulating valve 16 is regulated, the redundant drain water is discharged to the condenser 6 through the fifth regulating valve 18 branch. When the water quality is poor and the drainage needs to be started, the four 16 branch of the regulating valve and the five 18 branch of the regulating valve need to be closed, the six 21 branch of the regulating valve needs to be opened, all the drained water is drained to the low-pressure drainage flash tank 4, and the drained water is drained to the unit drainage tank 7 by starting the drainage pump 9.
The hydrophobic flash tank 4 of low pressure receives the steam and the drainage that come from the hydrophobic flash tank 3 of high pressure, if there is the steam that the dilatation came out, then discharges to the atmosphere through the steam exhaust pipeline, and the hydrophobic flash tank 4 of low pressure's water level discharges through starting hydrophobic pump 9, when quality of water is qualified, discharges to oxygen-eliminating device 5, discharges to unit water drainage tank 7 when quality of water is unqualified.
The embodiment of the invention provides a direct current furnace drainage recovery system without a starting circulating pump based on a high-pressure drainage flash tank and a low-pressure drainage flash tank, which not only meets the requirement that a large amount of drainage is discharged to accelerate the cleaning speed of a unit when the water quality is unqualified in the processes of cold cleaning and hot cleaning during the starting period of the unit, but also meets the requirement that the working medium and the heat are recovered to the maximum extent when the water quality is qualified under the condition that the direct current furnace does not have the starting circulating pump; if the steam user demand is large enough, the whole recovery of the working medium and the recovery of most of heat can be realized when the water quality is qualified, so that the water supplement amount and the fuel consumption of a unit during the starting period are reduced, the capacity allocation of a starting boiler is reduced, and the investment and the occupied area are saved.
As shown in fig. 6, when the system for recovering drain of a dc furnace without a start-up circulation pump according to the embodiment of the present invention is used, the drain of the separator 1 passes through the water storage tank 2 of the separator, the shut-off valve 10 at the outlet of the water storage tank, and the water level regulating valve 11 of the water storage tank to reach the high-pressure drain flash tank 3; steam of the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 flows to the deaerator 5 through a first regulating valve 12 and a first check valve 13; the steam of the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 passes through a second regulating valve 14 and a second check valve 15 to other steam users 8; the steam of the high-pressure drain flash tank 3 passes through a third regulating valve 20 to reach a low-pressure drain flash tank 4; draining water of the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 passes through a fourth regulating valve 16 and a third check valve 17 to the deaerator 5; draining water of the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 passes through a regulating valve six 21 to reach a low-pressure drainage flash tank 4; draining water of the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 passes through a regulating valve five 18 and a vacuum shut-off valve 19 and then flows to a condenser 6; draining water of the low-pressure drainage flash tank 4 passes through a starting drainage pump 9 and a check valve IV 23 to the deaerator 5; draining water of the low-pressure draining flash tank 4 is discharged to the unit drainage tank 7 through the starting draining pump 9 and the check valve III 22.
Example 2:
taking the cold start of the unit as an example, the operation mode of the start-up free circulation pump dc furnace drainage recovery system based on the high-pressure drainage flash tank and the low-pressure drainage flash tank provided in embodiment 1 is described in detail as follows:
at the initial stage of unit starting, before ignition, cold cleaning is needed, after water feeding is finished, the boiler is subjected to cold cleaning, feed water passes through an economizer, a hearth water wall, a water wall outlet mixed header, a separator 1 and a separator water storage tank 2, and is discharged to a high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 through a hydrophobic water level regulating valve 11, if the iron content in water at an outlet of the separator water storage tank is more than 1000 mug/L, the drainage enters a low-pressure drainage flash tank 4 through a regulating valve six 21, and is discharged to a unit drainage tank 7 through a starting drainage pump 9 and a check valve four 22, when the iron content in water is less than 1000 mug/L, drainage is recovered, the regulating valve six 21 branch is closed, the regulating valve five 18 branch is opened, and the drainage is discharged to a condenser 6 through a regulating valve five 18 and a vacuum shutoff valve 19. And finishing cold-state circulating cleaning until the iron content in the water at the outlet of the water storage tank of the separator is less than 200 mug/L.
After the cold state cleaning is finished, the flow of the feed water pump is increased to 30% BMCR to establish water circulation, and after various preparation works are carried out, the boiler is ignited. The water entering the separator 1 is gradually changed from supercooled water to saturated water, the temperature and the pressure are gradually increased, after a short steam-water expansion stage, the temperature and the pressure are continuously increased according to a cold starting curve, steam gradually enters the superheater from the separator 1, meanwhile, the saturated water entering the water storage tank 2 of the separator is correspondingly gradually reduced until the main steam flow reaches about 30 percent BMCR, when the pressure is about 11MPa, the unit is changed to a direct-current operation mode, all the steam entering the separator 1 is steam, and no more hydrophobic water enters the water storage tank 2 of the separator. Meanwhile, according to the water quality condition, when the inlet temperature of the separator 1 is about 190 ℃, thermal cleaning is required, the procedures of turbine turning, grid connection and the like are also completed before the direct current load is reached, and the relation with drainage recovery is not large, so that the detailed description is omitted.
Analysis of the process shows that the temperature and pressure of the saturated water entering the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 gradually increase, and the flow rate gradually decreases, that is, the heat entering the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 goes through a process of increasing and then decreasing, the steam amount generated in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 gradually increases and then gradually decreases to zero, and the hydrophobic water generated in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 gradually decreases to zero. After preliminary estimation is carried out according to a starting curve and a thermal balance diagram of a certain unit, the fact that the steam yield in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 is higher than the steam quantity required by the deaerator 5 and the steam quantity required by other steam users at the peak value is found, and the steam quantity generated in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 cannot meet the heating requirement of the deaerator 5 in the initial stage of ignition starting and a period of time before the steam enters a direct-current load. Therefore, the operation mode of the whole start-up circulating pump-free direct current furnace drainage recovery system based on the high-pressure drainage flash tank and the low-pressure drainage flash tank in the start-up and normal operation is explained in detail as follows:
it is assumed that before starting, in the drain recovery system of the once-through furnace without the start-up circulation pump based on the high-pressure drain flash tank and the low-pressure drain flash tank as shown in fig. 6, except for the opening of the drain shut-off valve 10 of the separator water storage tank and the water level regulating valve 11 of the separator water storage tank, other valves are all closed.
1. When the steam amount generated in the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is less than the steam demand of the deaerator 5, the first regulating valve 12 is kept fully opened; if the pressure in the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is lower than the pressure in the deaerator 5 at the moment, the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is in a pressure-holding state, no steam is output, and the deaerator 5 is heated by all the steam sources of other auxiliary steam systems 24 at the moment.
If the quality of water of drainage is not good this moment, open governing valve six 21, adjust the water level in the hydrophobic flash tank 3 of high pressure through governing valve six 21 branches, hydrophobic entering low pressure hydrophobic flash tank 4 through governing valve six 21 branches, after hydrophobic process dilatation, steam discharges to the atmosphere, and drainage discharges to unit water drainage tank 7 through starting hydrophobic pump 9 for the washing of boiler. At this time, the conditions for recovering working medium and heat are not provided. If the water quality is good, the six 21 branch of the regulating valve is closed, the five 18 branch of the regulating valve is opened, the drained water is recycled to the condenser 6, and the recycling of the working medium is realized under the condition of not consuming electric energy.
If the pressure in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 is higher than the pressure in the deaerator, steam generated by the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 can enter the deaerator 5 to start to recover heat. The feed water heating in the deaerator 5 is completed by the steam generated by the high-pressure drain flash tank 3 and other steam sources of the auxiliary steam system 24. At the moment, the water level in the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is controlled by adjusting the five 18 branches of the valve, and drainage is recovered to the condenser 6.
2. When the steam amount generated in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 is higher than the steam demand of the deaerator 5 and is smaller than the sum of the steam demand of the deaerator 5 and the steam demand of other steam users, the second regulating valve 14 is gradually opened, redundant steam is led to other steam users 8, and the pressure in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 is guaranteed not to exceed the tripping pressure of the safety valve through the second regulating valve 14. At the moment, the water level in the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is controlled by adjusting the second 18 branch, and drainage is recovered to the condenser 6.
Under this operating mode, if the pressure in the hydrophobic flash tank of high pressure 3 is higher, can try to open governing valve four 16 gradually, will partly drain through the pressure in the hydrophobic flash tank of high pressure 3 and discharge to oxygen-eliminating device 5 and carry out thermal recovery, need reduce the steam admission volume of oxygen-eliminating device through adjusting governing valve 12 this moment.
3. When the steam amount generated in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 is higher than the sum of the steam demand of the deaerator 5 and the steam demand of other steam users, the third regulating valve 20 is gradually opened, redundant steam is led to the low-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 4, and the pressure in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 is ensured not to exceed the tripping pressure of the safety valve through the third regulating valve 20. The vapor entering the low pressure hydrophobic flash tank can only be vented to atmosphere through the vent line. After accounting, short-term steam discharge exists only when other auxiliary steam users have low consumption and the heat entering the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank 3 is in a peak value interval. At the moment, the water level in the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3 is controlled by adjusting the five 18 branches of the valve, and drainage is recovered to the condenser 6.
4. When the unit reaches a direct current load or above, the drainage quantity of the working condition is less, and only some periodic drainage such as soot blowing steam drainage is discharged to the high-pressure drainage flash tank 3. There are two options at this time: firstly, all the first regulating valve branch 12, the second regulating valve branch 14, the fourth regulating valve branch 16 and the fifth regulating valve branch 18 are closed, all the drained water is discharged to the deaerator 5 by starting the drain pump 9, and part of working medium and heat are recovered; and secondly, all the first regulating valve 12 branch, the second regulating valve 14 branch, the fourth regulating valve 16 branch and the sixth regulating valve 21 branch are closed, and all the drained water is recycled to the condenser 6, so that all the working media are recycled and the heat is not recycled.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A direct current furnace drainage recovery system based on a high-low pressure drainage flash tank is characterized by comprising a separator, a separator water storage tank, a high-pressure drainage flash tank, a low-pressure drainage flash tank, a deaerator, a condenser, a unit drainage tank, other steam users and a starting drainage pump;
the drain water of the separator enters a high-pressure drain flash tank through a water storage tank of the separator;
three steam outlets of the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank are respectively connected with the deaerator, other steam users and the low-pressure hydrophobic flash tank through pipelines, steam in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank is conveyed to the deaerator and other steam users for heat recovery, redundant steam is discharged to the low-pressure hydrophobic flash tank, and the redundant steam is discharged to the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe;
three drainage outlets of the high-pressure drainage flash tank are respectively connected with the deaerator, the condenser and the low-pressure drainage flash tank through pipelines, and when the water quality is qualified, drainage is discharged to the deaerator for heat recovery according to conditions, or drainage is discharged to the condenser for working medium recovery; when the water quality is unqualified, draining the drained water into a low-pressure drainage flash tank, and draining the drained water into a unit drainage tank by starting a drainage pump;
a first regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline of a first steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank, which is connected with the deaerator, and the flow of steam entering the deaerator is controlled by the first regulating valve;
a second regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting a second steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank with other steam users, and the flow of steam entering the other steam users is controlled by the second regulating valve;
a third regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting a third steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank with the low-pressure drainage flash tank;
after the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve are adjusted in place, if the pressure in the high-pressure drainage flash tank continues to rise and is close to the tripping pressure of the safety valve, redundant steam in the high-pressure drainage flash tank is discharged to the low-pressure drainage flash tank through the third regulating valve, and the steam entering the low-pressure drainage flash tank is discharged to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe;
a fourth regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline of a first drain outlet of the high-pressure drain flash tank connected with the deaerator, and drain water in the high-pressure drain flash tank is conveyed to the deaerator through the fourth regulating valve;
a fifth regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting a second drainage outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank with the condenser, and redundant drainage of the high-pressure drainage flash tank is discharged to the condenser through the fifth regulating valve;
a sixth adjusting valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting a drain outlet III of the high-pressure drain flash tank with the low-pressure drain flash tank, when the water quality is poor, the fourth adjusting valve and the fifth adjusting valve are closed, the sixth adjusting valve is opened, all the drain in the high-pressure drain flash tank is discharged into the low-pressure drain flash tank, and the drain is discharged into a unit drain tank by starting a drain pump;
the low-pressure drainage flash tank is respectively connected with the unit drainage tank and the deaerator by starting a drainage pump; a third check valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the starting drainage pump and the unit drainage tank, and a fourth check valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the starting drainage pump and the deaerator;
the water level of the low-pressure drainage flash tank is discharged by starting a drainage pump, and when the water quality is qualified, drainage of the low-pressure drainage flash tank is discharged to a deaerator through the starting drainage pump and the check valve; when the water quality is unqualified, drainage of the low-pressure drainage flash tank is communicated with a unit drainage tank through a drainage pump and a check valve.
2. The once-through furnace drainage recovery system based on the high-low pressure drainage flash tank of claim 1, wherein a shut-off valve and a water level regulating valve are sequentially arranged on a pipeline connecting the separator water storage tank and the high-pressure drainage flash tank.
3. The direct current furnace drainage recovery system based on the high-low pressure drainage flash tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank is connected with the deaerator, a second steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank is connected with other steam users, and a third steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank is connected with the low-pressure drainage flash tank, and a shut-off valve is further respectively arranged on a pipeline.
4. The direct current furnace drainage recovery system based on the high-low pressure drainage flash tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein two sides of the fourth regulating valve and the sixth regulating valve are respectively provided with a shutoff valve, one side of the fifth regulating valve is provided with a shutoff valve, and the other side is provided with a vacuum shutoff valve.
5. The direct current furnace drainage recovery system based on the high-low pressure drainage flash tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein check valves are further respectively arranged on a pipeline connecting a first steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank with the deaerator, a pipeline connecting a second steam outlet of the high-pressure drainage flash tank with other steam users, a pipeline connecting the starting drainage pump with the unit drainage tank, and a pipeline connecting the starting drainage pump with the deaerator.
6. The working method of the direct current furnace drainage recovery system based on the high-low pressure drainage flash tank is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the drain water of the separator flows to a high-pressure drain flash tank through a water storage tank of the separator;
when the steam amount generated in the high-pressure drainage flash tank is less than the steam demand of the deaerator, keeping the first regulating valve fully opened, and if the pressure in the high-pressure drainage flash tank is higher than the pressure in the deaerator, allowing the steam generated in the high-pressure drainage flash tank to enter the deaerator to heat feed water in the deaerator, so that heat recovery is realized;
when the steam amount generated in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank is higher than the steam demand of the deaerator and is smaller than the sum of the steam demand of the deaerator and the steam demand of other steam users, gradually opening the second regulating valve, introducing redundant steam to other steam users, gradually opening the fourth regulating valve, and discharging part of hydrophobic water to the deaerator for heat recovery through the pressure in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank;
when the steam amount generated in the high-pressure hydrophobic flash tank is higher than the sum of the steam demand of the deaerator and the steam demand of other steam users, gradually opening the third adjusting valve to lead the redundant steam to the low-pressure hydrophobic flash tank and exhaust the redundant steam to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe;
meanwhile, the water level in the high-pressure drainage flash tank is controlled through the regulating valve V, drainage is recovered to the condenser, and the recovery of working media is realized.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein when the water quality is unqualified, the drain enters the low-pressure drain flash tank through the six regulating valves, and is discharged to a unit drain tank through the four starting drain pumps and the check valves, so that the boiler is cleaned; and when the water quality is qualified, recovering the drained water, closing the regulating valve six, opening the regulating valve five and discharging the drained water into the condenser.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein when the unit reaches a load above DC, less drain is discharged to the high pressure drain flash tank, the first branch of the regulating valve, the second branch of the regulating valve, the fourth branch of the regulating valve and the fifth branch of the regulating valve are all closed, and all the drain is discharged to the deaerator by starting the drain pump to recover part of working medium and heat; or the first regulating valve branch, the second regulating valve branch, the fourth regulating valve branch and the sixth regulating valve branch are all closed, and the drained water is all recycled to the condenser, so that all working media are recycled without recycling heat.
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| CN114396612B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-09-03 | 华能伊春热电有限公司 | Boiler water circulation deacidification and desulfurization device |
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